CN114600584A - Method for rapidly repairing hardening obstacle of reclamation cultivated land of damaged land in mining area - Google Patents
Method for rapidly repairing hardening obstacle of reclamation cultivated land of damaged land in mining area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A rapid repairing method for hardening obstacle of reclamation cultivated land of damaged land in mining area comprises determining percentage content and volume weight of soil clay; dividing soil obstacles into secondary hardening obstacles and primary hardening obstacles according to the volume weight and the cosmid content detected by the soil; preparing a barrier reducing material; leveling land, removing impurities on the land surface, deeply ploughing the cultivated land to break hardened soil layers, uniformly spreading the improved material on the land surface, deeply ploughing by using a rotary cultivator to fully and uniformly mix the improved material with the soil, and finally, pouring water into the soil; and carrying out conventional farming and sowing. The method can be used for preparing scientific improved materials according to the type of the hardening disorder of the reclaimed land of the damaged land of the mining area, thoroughly improving the hardening property of the soil, applying the improved materials at one time, being effective for a long time, having low economic cost, simple process and larger popularization and application potential, and effectively solving the problem that the hardening disorder of the soil after the reclamation of the damaged land of the mining area is difficult to repair in a short time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil remediation of reclaimed cultivated land of damaged land in a mining area, and particularly relates to a method for quickly remedying hardening obstacle of reclaimed cultivated land of damaged land in a mining area.
Background
Mineral products are used as important energy resources in China, and the large-scale exploitation of the mineral resources in China in nearly half a century achieves great economic benefits, but a large amount of land is damaged in the mineral resource exploitation process. The reclamation rate of the damaged land in the mining area in China is very low, about 1 percent and far lower than that of the land in the mining area in China (about 50 percent). The leveling and engineering treatment of the damaged land in the mining area can be completed in a short period by increasing the manpower and economic investment, but the reclaimed land suffers disturbance such as repeated rolling of heavy machinery, so that the soil structure is thoroughly damaged, and the soil after reclamation is seriously hardened, and is mainly characterized by difficult cultivation, sticky and hard soil, large volume weight, low porosity and the like. At present, the effective method for treating the hardening obstacle of the reclamation cultivated land of the damaged land of the mining area mainly comprises the following steps: (1) a surface soil stripping rapid repairing technology, (2) a soil fertility and mechanical crushing combined repairing technology, and (3) a soil conditioner repairing technology. The problems of the repair technology are mainly as follows: (1) the surface soil stripping rapid repair technology mainly strips surface soil of soil with hardening obstacles and then covers high-quality plough layer soil, the method has high repair speed and good effect, but the engineering quantity is large, and the plough layer soil resources are scarce, so that sufficient plough layer soil is difficult to provide for hardened soil repair, moreover, the soil repaired by the surface soil stripping rapid repair technology lacks a soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat acclimation process, the surface soil has poor water, fertilizer, gas and heat buffering performance, the soil needs continuous fertilization repair for 3-10 years after being repaired, otherwise, the covered surface new soil is difficult to adapt to local environment, and has great risk of soil deterioration; (2) the technology combines the traditional soil fertilization method (such as optimized fertilization, straw returning, optimized crop planting and the like) and the mechanical crushing (such as deep ploughing, rotary tillage and other conventional farming methods) to repair the soil hardening disorder, needs a long-term uninterrupted implementation to realize the repair of the soil hardening disorder of the reclaimed land, has poor effect in the initial implementation period (1-3 years), mainly has the problem that the soil hardening disorder cannot be thoroughly treated from the root source, generally has the defects of long time consumption, slow effect, high cost and the like, so that the technology is difficult to popularize and apply and is mainly used for field tests and demonstration in small areas; (3) the soil conditioner repairing technology exists in China for many years, such as carbon-based repairing conditioners, biological conditioners, chemical repairing conditioners and the like, the carbon-based repairing conditioners and the biological conditioners are suitable for repairing hardened soil obstacles, but the hardened soil obstacles of damaged cultivated lands in mining areas are different from hardened soil of long-term cultivated fields, the hardened soil is serious, a small amount of the carbon-based repairing conditioners are difficult to exert after being thrown into soil, a large amount of carbon-based repairing conditioners are required to be thrown into the soil to achieve an obvious repairing effect, but the excessive carbon-based repairing conditioners not only greatly increase the cost, but also easily cause imbalance of water and fertilizer and microbial activity of the soil, the complete repairing of the hardened soil obstacles is difficult to achieve, the biological conditioners have requirements on the soil environment, only play a role of activating the soil in a harsh short term, and cannot achieve the long-term effective repairing effect. Therefore, the current method for repairing soil hardening mainly has the problems of incomplete repair, high cost and slow effect, and a rapid repairing method for reclaiming the hardened soil obstacle in the damaged land of the mining area is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention provides a method for rapidly repairing hardening obstacle of reclaimed land of damaged land in a mining area, which can be used for proportioning scientific improved materials according to the type of hardening obstacle of reclaimed land of damaged land in the mining area, thoroughly improving the hardening behavior of the soil, applying the improved materials at one time, being effective for a long time, having low economic cost, simple process and large popularization and application potential, and effectively solving the problem that the hardening obstacle of the soil after the reclamation of the damaged land in the mining area is difficult to repair in a short period.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for rapidly repairing hardened obstacles of reclaimed farmland of damaged land in mining areas comprises the following steps: step 1, sampling and surveying soil to be repaired: measuring the percentage content and volume weight of clay particles in the soil; step 2, classifying the soil barriers into secondary hardening barriers and primary hardening barriers according to the volume weight and the clay content detected in the step 1, wherein the volume weight is not less than 1.2g/cm3The clay content is not less than 15 percent, and the clay content is primary hardening obstacle; step 3, preparing a barrier reducing material: the organic material is used for reducing secondary hardening obstacles, and the inorganic material is used for reducing primary hardening obstacles; the organic material is prepared from biomass carbon, decomposed animal manure and crop straw material, the inorganic material is prepared from coal cinder, and the application amount of the organic material and the inorganic material is determined according to the barrier type and the barrier degree by utilizing the division level of the plate-bound barrier in the step 2; step 4, leveling the soil, removing impurities on the ground surface, deeply ploughing the cultivated land to break a hardened soil layer to enable the size of hardened soil blocks of 0-25cm soil to be less than or equal to 10cm, then uniformly spreading the improved material on the ground surface, deeply ploughing for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator, enabling the improved material to be fully and uniformly mixed with the soil, and finally, pouring water with the pH range of 6-8 into the soil to enable the instantaneous water content of the 0-25cm soil to reach 20%; and 5, standing for 3-15 days after the step 4 is finished, and then performing conventional farming and sowing.
The preparation method of the organic material comprises the following steps: collecting air-dried animal manure and air-dried crop straws, wherein the animal manure is at least one of pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure or cow manure, the crop straws are at least one of wheat straws, corn straws, sorghum straws, peanuts, cotton straws and soybean straws, crushing crop straws into particles with the particle size of less than 2cm by using crushing equipment, mixing the collected animal manure and the straw particles according to the dry basis weight of 1:3, putting the mixture into a closed space, sterilizing the mixture by steam while stirring for 70 hours, cooling the mixture to room temperature after the sterilization is finished, adding a decomposition agent, wherein the application amount of the decomposition agent is 1/500 of the weight of the straw particles, mixing the mixture with biomass carbon according to the dry basis weight ratio of 6:4 after 30-40 days of stacking decomposition, dehydrating, stirring and crushing to obtain an organic material; the preparation method of the inorganic material comprises the following steps: soaking the coal slag for 24 hours, filtering the coal slag by using a sieve with the aperture of 2mm, reserving the coal slag with the particle size smaller than 2mm, sprinkling and wetting the coal slag with the aperture larger than 2mm, then mechanically crushing the coal slag to obtain coal slag particles with the particle size smaller than 2mm for later use, mixing the coal slag particles and the biomass carbon according to the dry basis weight ratio of 10:1, adding a functional microbial inoculum, humidifying, stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture to ensure that the water content reaches 8-12%, thereby obtaining the inorganic material.
The method for leveling the land in the step 4 comprises the following steps: leveling by using a laser land leveling instrument, wherein the vertical height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of a single dry land is not more than 5cm, and the vertical height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of a single paddy field is not more than 3 cm; deep ploughing is carried out on cultivated land by using a rotary cultivator, and a hardened soil layer is broken, so that the size of a hardened soil block of 0-25cm is less than or equal to 10 cm.
Determining the application amount of the organic material and the inorganic material according to the measured results of the volume weight and the clay content of the soil, and if the measured soil data reaches one of secondary obstacle and primary obstacle, only using one of the organic material and the inorganic material for soil improvement; if the measured soil data meets the standards of both secondary and primary sexual disorders, both organic and inorganic materials are used for soil improvement.
And 4, standing for 3-15 days after the step 4 is finished for conventional farming and seeding, if the standing time exceeds 15 days, the farming and seeding cannot be carried out, and irrigating again according to soil conditions during actual farming and seeding, wherein the maximum value of the water content of the soil after irrigation does not exceed 20%.
The volume weight is more than 1.8g/cm3The application amount of the organic material in the soil with severe secondary disorder is 30 t/ha; the volume weight is more than 1.5g/cm3Not more than 1.8g/cm3The application amount of the organic material in the moderate secondary obstacle soil is 22.5 t/ha; the volume weight is more than 1.2g/cm3Not more than 1.5g/cm3The application amount of the organic material in the mild secondary obstacle soil is 15 t/ha; the clay content is more than 40 percent, and the application amount of the inorganic material is 45 t/ha; moderate original sexual obstacle soil with the clay content of more than 30% and not more than 40%, wherein the application amount of the inorganic material is 30 t/ha; the content of clay particles is more than 15% and not more than 30% of mild original sexual disorder soil, and the application amount of the inorganic material is 15 t/ha.
The functional microbial inoculum is produced by Henan Wobao biotechnology limited company, and is uniformly scattered on a mixture of coal cinder particles and biomass carbon, and the mixture is uniformly stirred and mixed, wherein the application amount of the functional microbial inoculum is 1/1000 in terms of the weight of the coal cinder.
In the step 1, sampling investigation is carried out by adopting a method described in geographic information spatial sampling and statistical inference (GB/Z33451-2016) and soil quality soil sampling technical guideline (GB/T36197-2018), volume weight is measured by adopting a method described in forest soil specific gravity (GB7844-87), soil cosmid content is measured by adopting a straw absorption method described in page 278 and 282 of soil agricultural chemical analysis method compiled by Kun, and soil heavy metal content is measured by adopting a method described in soil environment quality standard (GB 15618-1995).
The standard for eliminating the heavy metal pollution risk of the soil in the step 2 is that the content of a natural background value of the soil environment quality (namely a primary soil environment quality standard) required in the soil environment quality standard (GB15618-1995) is less than that of the soil environment quality standard, then the grades of the primary hardening obstacle and the secondary hardening obstacle of the soil are determined according to the results of the soil volume weight and the soil cosmid percentage content measured in the step 1, the two obstacles are respectively divided into 3 grades, and the specific division basis is shown in the table 1.
Table 1: secondary and original hardening obstacle grade and soil volume weight data corresponding table
| Grade of secondary disorder | Volume weight (g/cm)3) |
| Severe degree | >1.8 |
| Of moderate degree | 1.5-1.8 |
| Mild degree of | 1.2-1.5 |
| Grade of original sexual disorder | Clay content (%) |
| Severe degree | >40 |
| Of moderate degree | 30-40 |
| Mild degree of | 15-30 |
Table 2: corresponding table of secondary and original hardening obstacle grade of reclaimed land and application amount of organic and inorganic improved materials
| Grade of secondary disorder | Amount of organic material applied (t/ha) |
| |
30 |
| Of moderate degree | 22.5 |
| Mild degree of | 15 |
| Grade of original sexual disorder | Inorganic material application amount (t/ha) |
| Severe degree | 45 |
| Of |
30 |
| Mild degree of |
15 |
Has the advantages that: the method can divide the hardening obstacle of the reclaimed farmland of the damaged land of the mining area into secondary obstacle and primary obstacle according to the type of the hardening obstacle of the reclaimed farmland of the damaged land of the mining area, and respectively match scientific improved materials according to the types of the obstacle, so that the soil hardening property can be thoroughly improved by one-time implementation, the improved materials are applied at one time and are effective for a long time, the sources of the improved materials are wide, the price is low, the improvement and improvement manufacturing process is simple, the technology is low in economic cost, strong in operability and high in popularization and application potential, and the problem that the soil hardening obstacle is difficult to repair in a short period after the reclaimed land of the mining area is solved effectively.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an organic material processing process;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a process for processing inorganic materials;
FIG. 4 comparison of soil volume weight of comparative example and example topsoil (0-25cm) in the maturity stage of corn in the first season;
FIG. 5 comparison of the soil organic matter content of the plough layer (0-25cm) of the first-season corn mature period comparative example and the working example;
FIG. 6 comparison of the soil clay content of the first-season corn mature period comparative example and the working plough layer (0-25 cm);
FIG. 7 comparison of the total porosity of the soil in the comparative and example topsoil (0-25cm) during the maturity stage of corn in the first season;
FIG. 8 is a comparison of the soil saturation moisture content of the first-season corn mature period comparative example and the working plough layer (0-25 cm);
FIG. 9 comparison of corn yield for the comparative example and example for the first season corn maturity;
FIG. 10 comparison of soil volume weight of comparative and example topsoil (0-25cm) at corn maturity in the second year;
FIG. 11 comparison of soil organic matter content in the second year corn maturity comparative example and example topsoil (0-25 cm);
FIG. 12 comparison of second year corn maturity comparison and example corn yield.
Detailed Description
The following soil tests further illustrate the contents of the present invention but should not be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the specific measurement methods not specified in the test are all the methods described in "soil agricultural chemical analysis method" by u e, et al, the measurement method described in the chinese agricultural science and technology press 1999, and the authoritative soil examination method such as the national standard of the people's republic of china, etc.
The test process comprises the following steps: the field test is carried out on the reclaimed land (33 degrees 10 'N, 113 degrees 48' E) of the damaged land in certain mining area of the Pingtai mountain city in Henan province, the land is positioned in the marginal area with staggered climates of a warm zone and a northern subtropical zone, the land has obvious transitivity characteristic, the precipitation amount is 612-1287 mm, the soil type of the area is soft yellow soil, the land is leveled and the surface sundries are removed before the test, and the saline-alkali and heavy metal pollution is avoided. The sowing mode, the crop variety and other near farmland are the same, the planted crops are winter wheat and summer corn, the total fertilizer application amount in different treatment is the same, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content is both in the same way for each mu of the whole growth period of single-season cropsNot less than 20%) 50kg, and dressing 10kg of urea (nitrogen content not less than 46%) per mu in the corn filling period or the wheat jointing period, setting two treatments, respectively as a comparative example and an example, in the same land, wherein each treatment area is 100 square meters, sampling the test land before the test, and respectively using a steel soil drill and a cutting ring (cutting ring specification: 500cm3Diameter of 5cm and height of 25cm) of the soil, and respectively measuring the organic matter content, volume weight and clay content of the soil, wherein the organic matter content is 11g/kg, and the volume weight is 1.61g/cm3The clay content of the soil is 22 percent.
The manufacturing process of the organic material comprises the following steps:
the organic material is prepared from biomass carbon, decomposed chicken manure and wheat straw materials according to a proportion, and specifically comprises the following components: biomass carbon is purchased from Shangqinli New energy Co Ltd, decomposed chicken manure is purchased from Xinxiang City Feng source organic fertilizer Co Ltd, the decomposed chicken manure is deodorized by high temperature, air-dried wheat straws are collected from a local farmland, the wheat straws are crushed into particles with the particle size of less than 2cm by a straw crusher, the straw particles are sterilized in a sterilizing pot, the decomposed chicken manure and the sterilized straw particles are mixed according to the dry basis weight of 1:3, and then a decomposing inoculant (purchased from Henan Wobo Biotech Co., Ltd.) is added, uniformly stirring on the ground, stacking into a hill shape, covering with a plastic film, mixing with the biomass carbon according to a dry basis weight ratio of 6:4 after 30 days of composting, scattering a proper amount of water to prevent the biomass carbon from raising dust, and crushing by using an agricultural mechanical straw crusher to obtain the organic material.
The manufacturing process of the inorganic material comprises the following steps:
the inorganic material processing process flow is shown in figure 2, firstly, collecting coal cinder, soaking the coal cinder for 24 hours, filtering the coal cinder by using a sieve with the aperture of 2mm, reserving the coal cinder with the particle size of less than 2mm, spraying water to the coal cinder with the aperture of more than 2mm, then mechanically crushing the coal cinder with the particle size of less than 2mm, re-crushing the coal cinder with the aperture of more than 2mm until the coal cinder particle with the particle size of less than 2mm is obtained, mixing the coal cinder particle and biomass carbon according to the dry basis weight of 10:1, adding a functional microbial inoculum, humidifying, stirring and uniformly mixing, wherein the functional microbial inoculum is a functional microbial inoculum produced by Henan Voibao biological technology Limited company, and sprinkling water to enable the water content to reach about 10%, so that the inorganic material is obtained.
Comparative example
The comparative example was carried out as follows:
step 1, after wheat is harvested, carrying out straw crushing and returning to the field on the spot by using a wheat straw crusher;
step 2, fertilizing, namely broadcasting 50kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, wherein the total nutrient content of the compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents are all more than or equal to 20 percent;
step 3, carrying out rotary tillage on the soil plough layer by using a rotary cultivator;
and 4, standing for 3 days after the step 3 is finished, and then sowing the corns by using a sowing machine, wherein the corn variety is denghai 605.
Example 1
The examples were carried out as follows:
step 1, after wheat is harvested, carrying out straw crushing and returning to the field on the spot by using a wheat straw crusher;
step 2, deep ploughing the cultivated land by using a deep ploughing machine to break a hardened soil layer, then carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the deep ploughing and the rotary tillage are respectively carried out for 2 times due to serious soil hardening, so that the size of a hardened soil block of 0-25cm soil is less than or equal to 10cm, and the soil volume weight (1.61 g/cm) is determined according to the soil volume weight before the test3) And a soil cosmid content (22%), referring to secondary and primary obstacle judgment criteria in Table 1, the test soil was moderately secondary and moderately primary, referring to organic and inorganic material application amounts in Table 2, the test soil was applied with 22.5t/ha organic material and 15t/ha inorganic material, and the area of the plot was 100m2The example requires the application of 225kg of organic material and 150kg of inorganic material. The organic material and the inorganic material are uniformly scattered on the surface layer of the soil in a manual mode.
And 3, immediately carrying out mechanical rotary tillage after the step 2 is finished, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25cm, and carrying out rotary tillage twice to fully and uniformly mix the organic materials, the inorganic materials and the soil.
Step 4, after the step 3 is finished, an agricultural water pump is used for pumping underground water for irrigation, and the instantaneous water content of the soil of 0-25cm is close to 20%;
and 5, standing for 3 days after the step 4 is finished, then fertilizing, cultivating and sowing the crops in the same way as in the comparative example, after the first crop is harvested, the subsequent field management modes of farmland fertilizing, cultivating, crop planting and the like are the same as in the comparative example, and no improved material is scattered.
Collecting a 0-25cm plough layer soil sample in the first-year corn mature period after soil remediation, measuring the volume weight of soil, organic matters, clay content, total porosity of soil, saturated water content and measuring yield. The analysis method of each index is as follows:
the organic matter is measured by adopting a potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method, and the specific steps refer to a forest soil organic matter measuring method (GB7857-87) of the national standard of the people's republic of China. The content of the clay particles is determined by a suction tube method, and the specific steps refer to GB7845-87 determination of forest soil particle composition (mechanical composition). The volume weight of soil was determined by the ring knife method described in "soil physical and chemical analysis and section description" which is mainly compiled by Liu Guang cabbage (P5-6). The ratio of the mass of water to the mass of solid particles when the soil pores are completely filled with water is regarded as the saturated water content of the soil. The total porosity of the soil is obtained by calculation according to the formula (1).
Soil total porosity (%) (1-volume weight/soil density) × 100%, wherein the soil density value is 2.65g/cm3。
Comparative and examples results and analysis: the soil volume weight is used as the most visual index for identifying the soil hardening degree, reflects the characteristics of soil grains and pores among the grains, and is usually 1.1-1.4g/cm3Within the range of (1), a higher water-fertilizer structure can be established for the soil, which is beneficial to the flow and virtuous cycle of water-fertilizer-gas heat of the soil in the soil body, the proper soil volume weight can provide a good physical environment for the accumulation of soil nutrients, organic matters and microbial biomass, and the over-high soil volume weight has the characteristics of hard soil quality, difficult cultivation, difficult crop root growth and the like, and easily causes the soil to have the defects of hard soil quality, difficult cultivation, difficult crop root growth and the likeThe soil pore is blocked, the water-gas heat and nutrient flow of the soil are blocked, the damaged soil in a mining area is usually repeatedly rolled by heavy machinery, the soil is extremely compressed, the porosity is low, the soil structure is seriously damaged, the mechanical disturbance becomes a key factor of soil hardening obstacle, the factor belongs to a human factor, and the short-term blocking of the disturbance of the human factor can only block the continuous deterioration of the soil hardening, but can not realize the self-repair of the soil hardening obstacle. Meanwhile, from the perspective of the matrix formed by soil, the natural factor that the clay content of the soil is higher easily causes the clay hardness of the soil is analyzed, and for the reclamation cultivated land of the damaged soil in a mining area, the higher clay content also becomes another important factor of soil hardening, and the factor belongs to the natural factor, is not manually controlled in a short period and is difficult to completely eliminate. Therefore, the method can be used for reducing the hardening obstacle of the reclaimed land in the mining area, starting from two aspects, namely firstly blocking the disturbance of human factors (such as mechanical rolling), rapidly repairing the hardening obstacle by soil improvement, and secondly reducing the induction effect of high clay grains of the soil on the hardening obstacle of the soil by technical measures, the invention invents organic materials and inorganic materials aiming at the influence of the human factors and natural factors on the hardening of the soil, aims to completely repair the hardening obstacle of the reclaimed land by one-time implementation, is rich in stable biomass carbon materials in the organic materials, can be continuously stored in the soil for a long time, can rapidly fertilize the soil by active rotten organic matters in the organic materials, rapidly supplement soil nutrients in a plough layer, increase the storage capacity of the soil nutrients in a short time, accelerate the water, fertilizer, gas and heat cycle of a soil microenvironment and rapidly domesticate microorganisms, the soil fertility is quickly recovered, and the buffering capacity for resisting external disturbance is enhanced. The inorganic material used in the invention adopts coarse bone coal slag particles and biomass carbon, which are high in stability, loose and porous, on one hand, the barriers of soil texture adhesion, hardening and the like caused by soil clay particles can be effectively eliminated, and meanwhile, the inorganic material can open a water-gas heat circulation channel in soil by virtue of the loose and porous characteristic of the inorganic material, so that the substance circulation of soil microenvironment is increased, the soil structure is reconstructed, the hardening barrier is radically eliminated, and the inorganic material can be remained in the soil for a long time, is not decomposed and volatilized, can play a role for a long time, and has long-term effectAnd (4) validity.
The results of the field tests on the maturity of the first-season corn show (fig. 4, fig. 6, fig. 7 and fig. 8), compared with the comparative example, the soil volume weight and the clay content of the example are greatly reduced, the reduction rates are respectively 17.34% and 10.55%, the total soil porosity and the saturated water content are also greatly reduced, and the increase rates are respectively 25.47%, 356.25% and 42.91%, so that the soil hardening obstacle is greatly reduced, the soil structure is preliminarily reconstructed, and the hardening characteristics of soil blocking and hardening are obviously changed. Meanwhile, compared with the comparative example, the organic matter content of the soil of the example is greatly improved, and the growth rate is 54.36% (figure 5). Compared with the comparative example, the corn yield in the first season of the example is greatly increased, the corn yield increase rate is about 20%, and the corn yield increase per mu is about 70kg (figure 9).
In order to verify the stability of the soil improvement effect of the embodiment, the experiment samples again and measures the yield in the second year, and the analysis result shows (fig. 10, fig. 11 and fig. 12), compared with the comparative example, the soil volume weight reduction range of the second year corn maturity stage is 19.76%, the soil organic matter growth rate is 71.22% and the corn yield increase is 30.21%, so that the embodiment is continuously effective in reducing the soil hardening obstacle, the soil fertility and the yield show a continuous rising trend, and the technology is basically verified to have an obvious effect in reducing the soil hardening obstacle.
Claims (7)
1. A method for rapidly repairing hardened obstacle of reclaimed cultivated land of damaged land in a mining area is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, sampling and surveying soil to be repaired: measuring the percentage content and volume weight of clay particles in the soil; step 2, classifying the soil barriers into secondary hardening barriers and primary hardening barriers according to the volume weight and the clay content detected in the step 1, wherein the volume weight is not less than 1.2g/cm3The clay content is not less than 15 percent, and the clay content is primary hardening obstacle; step 3, preparing a barrier reducing material: the organic material is used for reducing secondary hardening obstacles, and the inorganic material is used for reducing primary hardening obstacles; the organic material is prepared from biomass carbon and decomposed animal manureAnd crop straw material, the inorganic material is made of coal cinder, and the application amount of the organic material and the inorganic material is determined according to the barrier type and the barrier degree by utilizing the division level of the plate-knot barrier in the step 2; step 4, leveling the soil, removing impurities on the ground surface, deeply ploughing the cultivated land to break a hardened soil layer to enable the size of hardened soil blocks of 0-25cm soil to be less than or equal to 10cm, then uniformly spreading the improved material on the ground surface, deeply ploughing for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator, enabling the improved material to be fully and uniformly mixed with the soil, and finally, pouring water with the pH range of 6-8 into the soil to enable the instantaneous water content of the 0-25cm soil to reach 20%; and 5, standing for 3-15 days after the step 4 is finished, and then performing conventional farming and sowing.
2. The method for rapidly remedying the hardening disorder of the reclaimed farmland in the mining area damaged land according to claim 1, wherein the organic material is prepared by: collecting air-dried animal manure and air-dried crop straws, wherein the animal manure is at least one of pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure or cow manure, the crop straws are at least one of wheat straws, corn straws, sorghum straws, peanuts, cotton straws and soybean straws, crushing crop straws into particles with the particle size of less than 2cm by using crushing equipment, mixing the collected animal manure and the straw particles according to the dry basis weight of 1:3, putting the mixture into a closed space, sterilizing the mixture by steam while stirring for 70 hours, cooling the mixture to room temperature after the sterilization is finished, adding a decomposition agent, wherein the application amount of the decomposition agent is 1/500 of the weight of the straw particles, mixing the mixture with biomass carbon according to the dry basis weight ratio of 6:4 after 30-40 days of stacking decomposition, dehydrating, stirring and crushing to obtain an organic material; the preparation method of the inorganic material comprises the following steps: soaking the coal slag for 24 hours, filtering the coal slag by using a sieve with the aperture of 2mm, reserving the coal slag with the particle size smaller than 2mm, sprinkling and wetting the coal slag with the aperture larger than 2mm, then mechanically crushing the coal slag to obtain coal slag particles with the particle size smaller than 2mm for later use, mixing the coal slag particles and the biomass carbon according to the dry basis weight ratio of 10:1, adding a functional microbial inoculum, humidifying, stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture to ensure that the water content reaches 8-12%, thereby obtaining the inorganic material.
3. The method for rapidly repairing hardened obstacle of reclamation cultivated land of mining area damaged land according to claim 1, wherein the method for leveling land in the step 4 is as follows: leveling by using a laser land leveling instrument, wherein the vertical height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of a single dry land is not more than 5cm, and the vertical height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of a single paddy field is not more than 3 cm; deep ploughing is carried out on the cultivated land by using a rotary cultivator, and a hardened soil layer is broken, so that the size of a hardened soil block of 0-25cm is less than or equal to 10 cm.
4. The method for rapidly remedying the hardening disorder in the reclaimed farmland from the mining area damaged land according to claim 1, wherein the application amounts of the organic material and the inorganic material are determined based on the results of the measured volume weight and the clay content, and only one of the organic material and the inorganic material is used for soil improvement if the measured soil data reaches one of the secondary disorder and the primary disorder; if the measured soil data meets the standards of both secondary and primary sexual disorders, both organic and inorganic materials are used for soil improvement.
5. The method for rapidly remedying the hardening disorder of the reclaimed farmland in the mining area damaged land according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 is performed by standing for 3 to 15 days after completion of conventional farming and seeding, and if the standing time is more than 15 days, the farming and seeding cannot be performed, water is added again according to the soil conditions during actual farming and seeding, but the maximum value of the water content of the soil after the water addition does not exceed 20%.
6. The method for rapidly remedying the hardened disorder in the reclaimed farmland of the mining area damaged land according to claim 1, wherein the volume weight is more than 1.8g/cm3The application amount of the organic material in the soil with severe secondary disorder is 30 t/ha; the volume weight is more than 1.5g/cm3Not more than 1.8g/cm3The application amount of the organic material in the moderate secondary obstacle soil is 22.5 t/ha; the volume weight is more than 1.2g/cm3Not more than 1.5g/cm3The application amount of the organic material in the mild secondary obstacle soil is 15 t/ha; the clay content is more than 40 percent, and the application amount of the inorganic material is 45 t/ha; the content of clay particles is more than 30% and not more than40% of moderate original sexual disorder soil, and the application amount of the inorganic material is 30 t/ha; the clay content is more than 15% and not more than 30%, and the application amount of the inorganic material is 15 t/ha.
7. The method for rapidly repairing the hardening disorder of the reclaimed farmland in the damaged land of the mining area according to claim 1, wherein the functional microbial inoculum is produced by wakawa wobbe biotechnology limited, the functional microbial inoculum is uniformly scattered on the mixture of the coal cinder particles and the biomass carbon, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly, and the application amount of the functional microbial inoculum is 1/1000 by weight of the coal cinder.
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| ZA2023/01356A ZA202301356B (en) | 2022-02-28 | 2023-02-02 | A long-term method for repairing defective farmland soil by using exogenous materials |
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| ZA202301356B (en) | 2023-04-26 |
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