CN114589974A - 一种光伏背板及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种光伏背板及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN114589974A
CN114589974A CN202210255181.7A CN202210255181A CN114589974A CN 114589974 A CN114589974 A CN 114589974A CN 202210255181 A CN202210255181 A CN 202210255181A CN 114589974 A CN114589974 A CN 114589974A
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梁丽萍
郭睿
徐征
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种光伏背板及其制作方法，包括金属基板、吸水层、第一耐候层、第二耐候层、聚合物基膜层、绝缘层及阻水层；其中，金属基板、吸水层、第一耐候层、第二耐候层、聚合物基膜层、绝缘层及阻水层依次设置，金属基板上设置有若干个通孔，该背板的降温性能优异，且制备方法简单。

Description

一种光伏背板及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明属于光伏背板技术领域，涉及一种光伏背板及其制作方法。
背景技术
太阳能光伏发电是可再生能源中最重要的一种。世界各国都在争相发展太阳能光伏发电，并制定和实施光伏发电的线路图。全球太阳能光伏产业在过去的五年，以50％以上的速度高速增长，据预测，在未来十年将以30％以上的速度持续发展。
太阳能背板位于太阳能电池板的背面，对电池片起保护和支撑的作用，具有可靠的绝缘性、阻水性、耐老化性。
随着太阳光的不断辐照，光伏背板会随之不断升温，导致光伏转换率会下降，也即降低了能源利用率。
如何对光伏背板进行降温，以便于增强光伏转换率，以提高能源利用率，是目前需要解决的主要问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种光伏背板及其制作方法，该背板的降温性能优异，且制备方法简单。
为达到上述目的，本发明所述的光伏背板包括金属基板、吸水层、第一耐候层、第二耐候层、聚合物基膜层、绝缘层及阻水层；
其中，金属基板、吸水层、第一耐候层、第二耐候层、聚合物基膜层、绝缘层及阻水层依次设置，金属基板上设置有若干个通孔；
所述金属基板与吸水层之间、吸水层与第一耐候层之间、第一耐候层与第二耐候层之间、第二耐候层与聚合物基膜层之间、聚合物基膜层与绝缘层之间以及绝缘层与阻水层之间均通过胶黏剂粘结固定。
吸水层的厚度为100-600um；
第一耐候层及第二耐候层的厚度均为10～150μm；
绝缘层的厚度为25～140μm；
阻水层的厚度为10～500μm；
金属基板的厚度为10～20μm。
所述第一耐候层为氟树脂外耐候层。
所述第二耐候层为氟树脂外耐候层。
所述聚合物基膜层为PET层。
所述胶黏剂为聚氨酯胶黏剂、环氧树脂胶黏剂、丙烯酸树脂胶黏剂及有机硅树脂胶黏剂中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明所述的光伏背板的制备方法包括以下步骤：
利用烘干箱、层压机及胶黏剂将金属基板、吸水层、第一耐候层、第二耐候层、聚合物基膜层、绝缘层及阻水层依次粘接固定，得光伏背板。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明所述的光伏背板及其制作方法在具体操作时，金属基板上设置有若干通孔，通过吸水层吸收空气中的水分并锁住水分，为光伏背板提供蒸发所需水分，从而降温，同时不影响白天水分的蒸发；通过第一耐候层及第二耐候层提高光伏背板的耐候性能以及光伏背板的寿命，为光伏背板提供良好的机械支撑的作用；阻水层7具有良好的水汽阻隔性能，另外，本发明在制备时，只需利用烘干箱、层压机及胶黏剂将金属基板、吸水层、第一耐候层、第二耐候层、聚合物基膜层、绝缘层及阻水层依次粘接固定，制备方法较为简单，实用性极强。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
其中，1为金属基板、2为吸水层、3为第一耐候层、4为第二耐候层、5为聚合物基膜层、6为绝缘层、7为阻水层。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，不是全部的实施例，而并非要限制本发明公开的范围。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要的混淆本发明公开的概念。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
在附图中示出了根据本发明公开实施例的结构示意图。这些图并非是按比例绘制的，其中为了清楚表达的目的，放大了某些细节，并且可能省略了某些细节。图中所示出的各种区域、层的形状及它们之间的相对大小、位置关系仅是示例性的，实际中可能由于制造公差或技术限制而有所偏差，并且本领域技术人员根据实际所需可以另外设计具有不同形状、大小、相对位置的区域/层。
参考图1，本发明所述的光伏背板包括金属基板1、吸水层2、第一耐候层3、第二耐候层4、聚合物基膜层5、绝缘层6及阻水层7；
其中，金属基板1、吸水层2、第一耐候层3、第二耐候层4、聚合物基膜层5、绝缘层6及阻水层7依次设置，金属基板1上设置有若干个通孔；
所述金属基板1与吸水层2之间、吸水层2与第一耐候层3之间、第一耐候层3与第二耐候层4之间、第二耐候层4与聚合物基膜层5之间、聚合物基膜层5与绝缘层6之间以及绝缘层6与阻水层7之间均通过胶黏剂粘结固定。
所述吸水层2为可聚合亲水单体、抗氧剂、紫外吸收剂、光稳定剂、固化剂和无机填料形成的超吸水树脂涂覆层；所述吸水层2的厚度为100-600um。
所述第一耐候层3及第二耐候层4均为氟树脂外耐候层；所述氟树脂外耐候层所用材料由100份的氟树脂、20～30份的导热纳米颗粒以及10～15的碳纤维份制备而成；所述第一耐候层3及第二耐候层4的厚度均为10μm～150μm。
所述聚合物基膜层5为PET层；
所述绝缘层6所有材料由65～85份的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、5～15份的聚氯乙烯及10～25份的纳米二氧化硅制备而成；绝缘层6的厚度为25～140μm。
所述阻水层7所用材料由100份的聚丙烯树脂、10～25份的接枝聚丙烯树脂、8～15份的笼型聚倍半硅氧烷、0.1～0.3份的紫外光吸收剂、0.1～0.3份的光稳定剂及0.1～0.3份的抗氧剂制备而成；所述紫外光吸收剂为2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮；所述光稳定剂为双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯；所述抗氧剂为四[β-(3’,5’-二叔丁基-4’-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯；所述阻水层7的厚度为10μm～500μm。
金属基板1的厚度为10μm～20μm。
所述胶黏剂为聚氨酯胶黏剂、环氧树脂胶黏剂、丙烯酸树脂胶黏剂、有机硅树脂胶黏剂中的一种或多种的组合；所述胶黏剂的厚度为3～25μm。
本发明通过吸水层2吸收空气中的水分并锁住水分，为光伏背板提供水分蒸发，从而降温；通过第一耐候层3及第二耐候层4提高光伏背板的耐候性能以及光伏背板的寿命，并为光伏背板提供良好的机械支撑的作用；阻水层7具有良好的水汽阻隔性能；
在吸水层2上方设置具有若干个通孔的金属基板1，可以更好的保证吸水层2晚上锁住水分，同时又不影响白天水分的蒸发。
本发明所述的光伏背板进行降温，以便于增强光伏转换率，以提高能源利用率。
本发明所述光伏背板的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)在吸水层2上远离第一耐候层3的一面涂覆胶黏剂，经过烘干箱，烘干胶黏剂中的溶剂，所述烘干箱内的温度为60～100℃；
2)在烘干后具有胶黏剂的吸水层2的一面上放置金属基板1，经过层压机进行层压复合形成背板，所述层压机热辊温度为50～70℃；
3)将第一耐候层3上远离吸水层2的一面涂覆胶黏剂，经过烘干箱烘干胶黏剂中的溶剂，所述烘干箱内的温度为60～100℃；
4)在烘干后具有胶黏剂的第一耐候层3一面放置第二耐候层4，将吸水层2、第二耐候层4及第一耐候层3经过层压机进行层压复合，所述层压机热辊温度设置为50～70℃；
5)在第二耐候层4上远离第一耐候层3的一面涂覆胶黏剂，经过烘箱烘干胶黏剂中溶剂，所述烘干箱内的温度为60～100℃；
6)在烘干后具有胶黏剂的第二耐候层4的一面放置聚合物基膜层5，经过层压机进行层压复合，所述层压机热辊温度为50～70℃；
7)在聚合物基膜层5上远离第二耐候层4的一面涂覆胶黏剂，经过烘箱烘干胶黏剂中溶剂，所述烘干箱内的温度为60～100℃；
8)在烘干后具有胶黏剂的聚合物基膜层5的一面放置绝缘层6，经过层压机进行层压复合，所述层压机热辊温度为50～70℃；
9)在绝缘层6上远离所述聚合物基膜层5的一面涂覆胶黏剂，经过烘箱烘干胶黏剂中溶剂，所述烘干箱内的温度为60～100℃；
10)在烘干后具有胶黏剂的绝缘层6的一面放置阻水层7，经过层压机进行层压复合形成背板，所述层压机热辊温度为50～70℃；
11)将所述背板进行冷却及收卷，收卷后将其送入烘箱熟化。
应理解,上述实施例中各步骤的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本发明实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
需要说明的是,诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个....”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅是本申请的具体实施方式,使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本申请将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
应当理解的是,本申请并不局限于上面己经描述并在附图中示出的内容,并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本申请的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。

Claims (8)

1.一种光伏背板，其特征在于，包括金属基板(1)、吸水层(2)、第一耐候层(3)、第二耐候层(4)、聚合物基膜层(5)、绝缘层(6)及阻水层(7)；
其中，金属基板(1)、吸水层(2)、第一耐候层(3)、第二耐候层(4)、聚合物基膜层(5)、绝缘层(6)及阻水层(7)依次设置，金属基板(1)上设置有若干个通孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏背板，其特征在于，所述金属基板(1)与吸水层(2)之间、吸水层(2)与第一耐候层(3)之间、第一耐候层(3)与第二耐候层(4)之间、第二耐候层(4)与聚合物基膜层(5)之间、聚合物基膜层(5)与绝缘层(6)之间以及绝缘层(6)与阻水层(7)之间均通过胶黏剂粘结固定。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光伏背板，其特征在于，吸水层(2)的厚度为100-600um；
第一耐候层(3)及第二耐候层(4)的厚度均为10～150μm；
绝缘层(6)的厚度为25～140μm；
阻水层(7)的厚度为10～500μm；
金属基板(1)的厚度为10～20μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光伏背板，其特征在于，所述第一耐候层(3)为氟树脂外耐候层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光伏背板，其特征在于，所述第二耐候层(4)为氟树脂外耐候层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光伏背板，其特征在于，所述聚合物基膜层(5)为PET层。
7.根据权利要求2所述的光伏背板，其特征在于，所述胶黏剂为聚氨酯胶黏剂、环氧树脂胶黏剂、丙烯酸树脂胶黏剂及有机硅树脂胶黏剂中的一种或多种的组合。
8.一种权利要求2所述的光伏背板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
利用烘干箱、层压机及胶黏剂将金属基板(1)、吸水层(2、)第一耐候层(3)、第二耐候层(4)、聚合物基膜层(5)、绝缘层(6)及阻水层(7)依次粘接固定，得光伏背板。
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