CN114575896A - Tunnel deformation joint waterproof structure and waterproof method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel deformation joint waterproof structure and a waterproof method, which belong to the technical field of tunnel engineering and comprise a first concrete structure in a tunnel structure and a second concrete structure in the tunnel structure, wherein a deformation joint is formed between the first concrete structure and the second concrete structure. The invention has the advantages that: by arranging the detachable water stop belt on the upstream surface, fixing the water stop belt by using a chemical anchor bolt and spraying quick-setting rubber waterproof paint on the periphery, the sealing treatment is effectively carried out, the good waterproof performance can be still kept under the condition that the two sides of the deformation joint are staggered, and the water leakage condition of the tunnel lining is effectively prevented; the waterproof design of the open cut tunnel lining deformation joint is simple and convenient to construct, the process is simple, and the rapid construction can be realized.

Description

A kind of tunnel deformation joint waterproof structure and waterproof method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular, to a waterproof structure and a waterproof method for tunnel deformation joints.

Background technique

The leakage of water in the tunnel is a comprehensive reflection of the water content of the surrounding rock and the defects of the lining. Water leakage mostly occurs in the "three joints" (construction joints, settlement joints, expansion joints), poor lining quality and weak parts where cracks occur during construction. Water leakage is also prone to occur in the cavities adjacent to the super excavation and backfill that are not compacted. Although waterproofing and drainage are the key points in the design and construction of railway tunnels, the problem of water leakage in the lining still occurs in operating railway tunnels to varying degrees. The leakage of water in tunnels not only directly affects the driving safety, but also reduces the work of tunnel ventilation and lighting systems. efficiency, induce corrosion of operating facilities, affect the durability of the tunnel structure, and water leakage in the tunnel in cold regions will also cause adverse diseases such as ice hanging and kick drum, which seriously endangers driving safety. It is very difficult to cure the leakage of tunnel water. The leakage of tunnel water has become a worldwide problem that plagues the tunnel and underground engineering community. How to completely rectify the leakage of tunnel water has become a huge and arduous task in China.

Deformation joints are the weakest link in the waterproofing of cut-and-cover tunnels. The investigation on the diseases of cut-and-cover tunnels shows that most of the leakage of open-cut tunnels occurs at the position of deformation joints. Therefore, strengthening the waterproofing of deformation joints is the key to waterproofing of cut-and-cover tunnels.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a waterproof structure and a waterproof method for a tunnel deformation joint to solve the above problems. In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows:

The present application provides a tunnel structure, including a first concrete structure in the tunnel structure and a second concrete structure in the tunnel structure, a deformation joint is formed between the first concrete structure and the second concrete structure, and a The water-stop is detachably sealed at the opening of the deformation seam, and the two sides of the water-stop are provided with connecting pieces for anchoring the water-stop.

In the invention, a detachable water stop is arranged on the upstream surface, the water stop is fixed with chemical anchor bolts, and quick-setting rubber waterproof coating is sprayed on the periphery, so that the sealing treatment is effectively carried out, and in the case of dislocation on both sides of the deformation joint It can still maintain good waterproof performance, effectively prevent the leakage of water in the tunnel lining, the construction is simple, the process is simple, and the construction can be carried out quickly, reducing labor and increasing construction efficiency.

Combining the technical solutions provided above, in some possible implementations, the deformation seam extends vertically in the longitudinal direction of the sidewall of the tunnel structure, and the deformation seam is filled with a filler for waterproof sealing, and the filler is a seal glue.

A method for waterproofing a tunnel deformation joint, comprising the following steps:

S1: grouting and filling the deformation joint: cleaning both sides of the deformation joint, and grouting and filling the deformation joint;

S2: Setting a waterstop: after grouting and filling the joint in step S1, a waterstop is set at the position of the deformation joint;

S3: Fixing the waterstop: using a first anchor bolt and a second anchor bolt to fix both ends of the waterstop respectively;

S4: Pad the first anchor bolt and the second anchor bolt: respectively use the third seal, the fourth seal and the first round steel on both sides of the first anchor lining; using the first seal, the second seal and the second round steel respectively on both sides of the second anchor bolt for lining;

S5: Spraying waterproof material: cleaning the concrete surface in the cleaning range of the deformation joint, and spraying waterproof coating;

S6: Layered backfill: Layered backfill is performed on the concrete surface.

The beneficial effects of the invention are: waterproof and reliable: by setting a detachable water stop on the upstream surface, the water stop is fixed with chemical anchor bolts, and spraying quick-setting rubber waterproof paint on the periphery, the sealing treatment is effectively carried out, and the deformation In the case of staggered movement on both sides of the joint, it can still maintain good waterproof performance, effectively preventing the leakage of water in the tunnel lining; the detachable water stop can be tightly connected with the sprayed waterproof coating by means of chemical anchor bolts. , to prevent water leakage; convenient construction: the invention adopts the open-cut tunnel open-hole lining deformation joint waterproof design, the construction is simple, the process is relatively simple, the construction can be fast, the labor amount is reduced, and the construction efficiency is increased.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore do not It should be regarded as a limitation of the scope, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Markings in the figure: 1, the first seal; 2, the second seal; 3, the water stop; 4, the sealant; 5, the first anchor bolt; 6, the first round steel; 7, the first concrete structure; 8. Waterstop; 9. Second concrete structure; 10. Second anchor bolt; 11. Second round steel; 12. Third sealing member; 13. Fourth sealing member.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that like numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the prior art, the setting of the deformation joints is to prevent the damage of the tunnel structure caused by the deformation of the tunnel. The deformation of the open cut tunnel mainly includes the uneven settlement caused by the uneven soft and hard foundation of the tunnel bottom, and the uneven backfill load above the tunnel. differential settlement. When the uneven settlement _sc exceeds the deformation resistance _smax of the tunnel structure, deformation joints should be set.

The longitudinal uneven settlement of the tunnel structure can be calculated by numerical simulation according to the surrounding rock conditions of the foundation at the bottom of the tunnel and the backfill load of the upper part of the tunnel.

The deformation resistance of the tunnel structure is determined according to the compressive and tensile strength of the tunnel concrete. As shown in the figure below, since the current tunnel is mainly reinforced in the circumferential direction, and structural reinforcement is used in the longitudinal direction, therefore, without considering the effect of longitudinal reinforcement, The tunnel structure can be considered as plain concrete.

Example 1:

As shown in FIG. 1 , this embodiment provides a waterproof structure for tunnel deformation joints, including a first concrete structure 7 in the tunnel structure and a second concrete structure 9 in the tunnel structure, the first concrete structure 7 and the second concrete structure A deformation seam is formed between 9, and a waterstop 3 detachably sealed at the opening of the deformation seam is also included. The two sides of the waterstop 3 are provided with connecting pieces for anchoring the waterstop 3.

In some optional embodiments, the deformation seam extends vertically in the longitudinal direction of the side wall of the tunnel structure, and the deformation seam is filled with filler for waterproof sealing, and the filler is sealant 4 .

In some optional embodiments, the connecting member includes a first sealing member 1 , a third sealing member 12 , a first anchor bolt 5 and a second anchor bolt 10 , the first anchor bolt 5 passing through the third sealing member 12 will stop One end of the water belt 3 is fixed between the third sealing member 12 and the second concrete structure 9, and the second anchor bolt 10 passes through the first sealing member 1 to fix one end of the water stop belt 3 between the first sealing member 1 and the first sealing member 1. Between concrete structures 7.

In some optional embodiments, the connecting member further includes a fourth sealing member 13 and a second sealing member 2, the fourth sealing member 13 is provided between the third sealing member 12 and one end of the water stop 3, and the second sealing member The part 2 is arranged between the first sealing part 1 and the other end of the water stop belt 3 .

In some optional embodiments, a first round steel 6 is provided between the end of the third sealing member 12 and the second concrete structure 9 , and the top of the first round steel 6 is flush with the top of the fourth sealing member 13 ;

A second round steel 11 is provided between the end of the first sealing member 1 and the first concrete structure 7 , and the top of the second round steel 11 is flush with the top of the second sealing member 2 .

In some optional embodiments, the first anchor bolt 5 runs through the concrete structure and uses the third seal 12 and the fourth seal 13 to press one end of the waterstop 3 on the second concrete structure 9, and the second anchor bolt 10 The other end of the waterstop 3 is pressed against the first concrete structure 7 through the concrete structure using the first sealing member 1 and the second sealing member 2 .

f_t,k、E为混凝土抗拉强度标准值和弹性模量，r₂为隧道衬砌外半径，则隧道沉降最大可容许变形为It should be noted that for plain concrete lining members, the control standard is that the tensile stress value of the tensile side does not exceed the tensile strength of the concrete during bending, and the concrete has not yet cracked. It can be considered that the neutral axis is located at the centroid of the section. , assuming that the deformation curvature of the section is κ when subjected to bending deformation. According to the assumption of the plane section, the maximum tensile strain of the section is ε _t,max =κr ₂ . When the maximum tensile strain reaches the ultimate tensile strain of the concrete, the section will fail. At this time, the ultimate curvature of the plain concrete section can be obtained as

f _t,k , E are the standard value of concrete tensile strength and elastic modulus, r ₂ is the outer radius of tunnel lining, the maximum allowable deformation of tunnel settlement is

Therefore, in order to meet the operational safety of high-speed rail trains, the maximum allowable displacement _Dmax of the tunnel deformation joint is determined according to the high-speed rail track smoothness control requirements A _s and the high-speed rail ballastless track fastener adjustable amount A _f .

In order to prevent the track slab from emptying and stress concentration caused by the displacement of the deformation joint, the track slab should be disconnected at the deformation joint, so that the track slab, inverted arch filling, and tunnel inverted arch concrete are all disconnected at the deformation joint, and the displacement of the deformation joint The movement is adjusted by the track fasteners, as shown in the figure below, the maximum allowable displacement of the deformation joint is calculated as follows

In some optional embodiments, a middle buried waterstop 3 is provided in the longitudinal middle of the deformation joint, and both ends of the middle buried waterstop 3 extend into the tunnel side walls on both sides of the deformation joint.

Example 2:

A method for waterproofing a tunnel deformation joint, comprising the following steps:

S1: Grouting and filling the deformation joints: clean both sides of the deformation joints, and grouting and filling the deformation joints;

S2: Setting the waterstop 3: After grouting and filling the joint in step S1, set the waterstop 3 at the position of the deformation joint;

S3: Fixing the waterstop 3: The first anchor bolt 5 and the second anchor bolt 10 are used to fix both ends of the waterstop 3 respectively;

S4: Pad the first anchor bolt 5 and the second anchor bolt 10: use the third sealing member 12, the fourth sealing member 13 and the first round steel 6 on both sides of the first anchor bolt 5 to pad; The first sealing member 1, the second sealing member 2 and the second round steel 11 are used for padding on both sides of the second anchor bolt 10;

S5: Spraying waterproof material: Clean the concrete surface within the cleaning range of the deformation joint, and spray the waterproof coating;

S6: Layered backfill: Layered backfill is performed on the concrete surface.

It should be noted that in the waterproof design of deformation joints, the deformation capacity of the buried waterstop and the detachable waterstop should be greater than the maximum allowable displacement D _max of the tunnel deformation joint.

The deformation joint is filled with polyurethane building sealant, the upper part is pasted with a removable water stop, and the two sides are fixed with stainless steel plates and M14 chemical anchor bolts. During construction, the sprayed quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating on both sides of the deformation joint is heated with an electric baking lamp. After it is soft, each side is cleaned by 20cm to expose the fresh concrete surface, and the loose objects are removed. The unevenness is ground with epoxy resin mortar. Flat, then use a sander or sandpaper to smooth it to ensure that the concrete surface on both sides of the deformation joint is flat, clean and dry.

Eliminate the caulking material on the outside of the waterstop in the deformation joints within the excavation range, and perform grouting and grouting. The caulking material is a single-component polyurethane building sealant, and the caulking depth is from the outer edge of the open hole to the buried type. Waterstop location. The grouting in the joint must be dense, find a professional construction team, arrange a special person to observe, prevent the construction from affecting the driving, the performance indicators and acceptance standards of the polyurethane filler should meet the requirements of "Polyurethane Building Sealant" (JC/T 482-2003) Regulations.

A detachable water stop is set on the outside of the lining of the open hole at the position of the deformation joint. The width of the detachable water stop is 300mm and the thickness is 14mm. M14 chemical anchor bolts are used for fixing, and the bolt spacing is 20cm.

Clean the concrete surface within the cleaning range of the deformation joint, smooth it, rinse it clean, spray the surface with a 4mm thick sprayed quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating (the surface of the detachable waterstop should also be sprayed), and then spray on both sides of the deformation joint. M10 cement mortar is used for outsourcing treatment within each 50cm range (the thickest part is 15cm, a layer of steel mesh is set in the middle, the mesh size is 2cm, the wire diameter is 0.9mm, and the width is 50cm). Clean and blow it with high-pressure wind, spray 4mm thick sprayed quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating on its surface and the surface of M10 cement mortar outer layer, and the lap length of the newly sprayed waterproof coating and the existing waterproof coating is not less than 30cm.

Preferably, the deformation seam is heated by means of electric baking lamp heating.

Preferably, M10 cement mortar is used for treatment within the range of 40-55cm on both sides of the deformation joint, and a waterproof coating with a thickness of 3.5-4.5mm is sprayed on the surface of the outer layer of the M10 cement mortar.

The specific steps are as follows:

1. Clean both sides of the deformation seam. For the quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating sprayed on both sides of the deformation joint, use the heating method of electric baking lamp for treatment. After the coating is soft, use a scraper to clean out about 20 cm on each side of the deformation joint, exposing the fresh concrete surface, and chisel the loose material on the surface. , Smooth the unevenness with epoxy resin mortar, and then smooth it with a grinder or sandpaper to ensure that the concrete surface on both sides of the deformation joint is smooth, clean and dry.

2. Removal of deformation joint filling and grouting treatment. The caulking material is made of sealant, and the caulking depth is from the outer edge of the open hole to the position of the buried waterstop. The grouting in the joint must be dense, find a professional construction team, arrange a special person to observe, prevent the construction from affecting the driving, the performance indicators and acceptance standards of the polyurethane filler should meet the requirements of "Polyurethane Building Sealant" (JC/T 482-2003) Regulations.

3. Installation and fixation of the water stop. A water belt is set on the outside of the lining of the open hole at the position of the deformation joint. The width of the unloading water stop is 300mm and the thickness is 14mm. The first anchor bolt and the second anchor bolt are used for fixing. The distance between the anchor bolts is 20cm. A seal, the second seal and the first round steel are lined, and the two sides of the anchor bolt are respectively lined with the third seal, the fourth seal and the second round steel.

4. Spray waterproof material. Clean the concrete surface within the cleaning range of the deformation joint, smooth it, rinse it clean, spray the surface with a 4mm thick sprayed quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating (the surface of the detachable waterstop should also be sprayed), and then spray on both sides of the deformation joint. M10 cement mortar is used for outsourcing treatment within each 50cm range (the thickest part is 15cm, a layer of steel mesh is set in the middle, the mesh size is 2cm, the wire diameter is 0.9mm, and the width is 50cm). Clean and blow it with high-pressure wind, spray 4mm thick sprayed quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating on its surface and the surface of M10 cement mortar outer layer, and the lap length of the newly sprayed waterproof coating and the existing waterproof coating is not less than 30cm.

5. After the deformation joint treatment is completed, backfill in layers.

To sum up, in the present invention, a detachable water stop belt is arranged on the upstream surface, the water stop belt is fixed with chemical anchor bolts, and quick-setting rubber waterproof coating is sprayed on the periphery, so that the sealing treatment is effectively carried out, and the deformation joint is located on both sides of the deformation joint. In the case of dislocation, it can still maintain good waterproof performance, and effectively prevent the leakage of water in the tunnel lining; the waterproof design of the lining deformation joint of the open-cut tunnel is adopted, and the construction is simple, the process is relatively simple, and the construction can be carried out quickly.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the product of the invention is usually placed in use, only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying The device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to differentiate the description and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "arranged", "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A tunnel deformation joint waterproof structure, comprising a first concrete structure (7) in the tunnel structure and a second concrete structure (9) in the tunnel structure, the first concrete structure (7) and the second concrete A deformation seam is formed between the structures (9), which is characterized in that it further comprises a waterstop (3) detachably sealed at the opening of the deformation seam, and the waterstops (3) are provided on both sides for anchoring The connecting piece of the waterstop (3). 2 . The waterproof structure for tunnel deformation joints according to claim 1 , wherein the deformation joints extend vertically in the longitudinal direction of the side walls of the tunnel structure, and the deformation joints are filled with fillers for waterproof sealing. 3 . , and the filler is sealant (4). 3. A waterproof structure for tunnel deformation joints according to claim 1, characterized in that: the connecting member comprises a first sealing member (1), a third sealing member (12), a first anchor bolt (5) and A second anchor bolt (10), the first anchor bolt (5) passes through the third seal (12) to fix one end of the waterstop (3) on the third seal (12) and the second concrete structure, the second anchor bolt (10) passes through the first sealing member (1) to fix one end of the waterstop (3) on the first sealing member (1). 1) and the first concrete structure. 4. A waterproof structure for tunnel deformation joints according to claim 3, characterized in that: the connecting member further comprises a fourth sealing member (13) and a second sealing member (2), the fourth sealing member ( 13) is provided between the third sealing member (12) and one end of the water stop belt (3), and the second sealing member (2) is provided between the first sealing member (1) and the between the other ends of the waterstop (3). 5. A waterproof structure for tunnel deformation joints according to claim 4, characterized in that: a first circle is provided between the end of the third sealing member (12) and the second concrete structure (9). Steel (6), the top of the first round steel (6) is flush with the top of the fourth seal (13); A second round steel (11) is arranged between the end of the first sealing member (1) and the first concrete structure (7), and the top of the second round steel (11) is connected to the second round steel (11). The top of the seal (2) is flush. 6 . The waterproof structure for tunnel deformation joints according to claim 4 , wherein the first anchor bolt ( 5 ) penetrates through the concrete structure and utilizes the third sealing member ( 12 ) and the fourth sealing member ( 12 ) and the fourth The sealing member (13) presses one end of the waterstop (3) on the second concrete structure (9), and the second anchor bolt (10) penetrates the concrete structure and utilizes the first sealing member (1) and the second seal (2) press the other end of the waterstop (3) on the first concrete structure (7). 7 . The waterproof structure for tunnel deformation joints according to claim 1 , wherein a middle-buried waterstop is arranged in the longitudinal middle of the deformation joint, and both ends of the middle-buried waterstop extend to the Inside the tunnel side walls on both sides of the deformation seam. 8. A method for waterproofing a tunnel deformation joint, the waterproof structure for a tunnel deformation joint according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: S1: grouting and filling the deformation joint: cleaning both sides of the deformation joint, and grouting and filling the deformation joint; S2: Setting a waterstop (3): after grouting and filling the joint in step S1, a waterstop (3) is set at the position of the deformation joint; S3: Fixing the waterstop (3): using a first anchor bolt (5) and a second anchor bolt (10) to fix both ends of the waterstop (3) respectively; S4: Pad the first anchor bolt (5) and the second anchor bolt (10): the third seal (12), the third seal (12), the The fourth sealing member (13) and the first round steel (6) are lined; the first sealing member (1), the first sealing member (1), the second Two seals (2) and the second round steel (11) are backed; S5: Spraying waterproof material: cleaning the concrete surface in the cleaning range of the deformation joint, and spraying waterproof coating; S6: Layered backfill: Layered backfill is performed on the concrete surface. 9 . The waterproof method for tunnel deformation joints according to claim 8 , wherein the deformation joints are heated by means of electric baking lamps. 10 . 10. The waterproof method for tunnel deformation joints according to claim 8, characterized in that: M10 cement mortar is used for treatment in the range of 40-55cm on both sides of the deformation joints, and the surface of the outer cladding of the M10 cement mortar is used for processing. Spray 3.5-4.5mm thick waterproof paint.

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