CN114568194A - Oil peony industrial seedling raising method - Google Patents
Oil peony industrial seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114568194A CN114568194A CN202210186472.5A CN202210186472A CN114568194A CN 114568194 A CN114568194 A CN 114568194A CN 202210186472 A CN202210186472 A CN 202210186472A CN 114568194 A CN114568194 A CN 114568194A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
- A01G27/02—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots having a water reservoir, the main part thereof being located wholly around or directly beside the growth substrate
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- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of peony seedling raising methods, and discloses an oil peony industrial seedling raising method, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1, preprocessing; s2, preparing a matrix; s3, disinfecting; s4, planting; and S5, performing later management. The seedling raising method can improve the emergence rate and the seedling rate of the oil peony seeds, the emergence rate is up to more than 90%, the seedling rate is up to more than 80%, and the seedling raising method has great significance for cultivating strong oil peony seedlings, promoting industrial seedling raising of the oil peony and rapid development of the oil peony industry.
Description
Field of the method
The invention relates to the field of peony seedling raising methods, in particular to an oil peony industrial seedling raising method.
Background method
The peony for oil is a general name of seeds which have strong seed setting capability and high seed oil yield and can process edible oil in the plants of Paeoniaceae, Paeonia and peony groups, and integrates various values of edible use, medicinal health care, appreciation and the like. The peony for oil is one of new woody oil plants which are vigorously developed in China for ensuring the safety of grain and oil and the effective supply of high-quality edible oil, has the advantages of high yield, high oil yield and low cost, and has two varieties of paeonia ostii and purpura. The peony seed oil has the total content of unsaturated fatty acid of more than 92 percent and the linoleic acid of more than 40 percent, has higher nutritional value, and is called as the best edible oil in the world. In recent years, the economic value of the oil peony is gradually paid attention to the medicinal aspect and the edible aspect, which promotes the development of the oil peony industry.
In order to healthily develop the oil peony industry, firstly, an oil peony seedling raising method is developed, and the existing oil peony seedling raising methods comprise seed seedling raising, cutting seedling raising and tissue seedling raising, wherein the most common seedling raising method is seed seedling raising, and the seed seedling raising is economical and practical. However, most of the seedling culture substrates adopted by the existing seedling culture method for the oil peony seeds are mixed substrates prepared by taking vermiculite, perlite, turf, gravel, ceramsite and the like as raw materials, and although the mixed substrates have a good ventilation effect, the germination process of the seeds with large water demand and insufficient water retention in the seedling culture process not only can reduce the emergence rate of the seeds in the germination stage of the seeds, but also can cause serious water loss of seedlings in the growth stage of the seedlings, are unfavorable for the growth of the seedlings and reduce the survival rate of the seedlings. If artificial water replenishing is adopted, the temperature is very high at noon in summer, the seedling substrate loses water seriously due to poor water retention effect of the seedling substrate, the seedling substrate watered at high temperature is suddenly stimulated by cold water, the temperature of the seedling substrate is rapidly reduced, the water absorption capacity of the root system of the plantlet is reduced, the transpiration of the plant at noon in summer is very strong, and the water absorption capacity of the root system of the plantlet is smaller than the transpiration water loss, so that the plantlet withers.
Therefore, a better oil peony seedling raising method needs to be researched at present, the emergence rate of oil peony seeds is improved by enhancing the water retention capacity of a seedling raising substrate, the moisture required by seedlings in summer is ensured, excellent strong oil peony seedlings are cultured, the industrial seedling raising is facilitated, and the oil peony industry is expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an industrial seedling raising method for oil peonies, which solves the problems of poor water retention effect and serious water loss of root systems of small oil peonies in the existing seedling raising method.
The invention solves the above problems by the following method schemes:
an oil peony industrial seedling raising method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, seed soaking treatment: soaking the peony seeds in clear water for 4-6 days, changing water every 0.5-1 days, screening and removing individual inferior and damaged seeds in the water changing process, taking out the seeds after soaking in clear water, soaking the seeds in gibberellin solution for 1 day, taking out the seeds, and cleaning with clear water;
s2, preparing a matrix: rinsing perlite, grinding peat, removing impurities from garden soil, grinding, mixing peat, garden soil, river sand and perlite, mixing, and solarizing for 2-4 days to obtain seedling culture medium;
s3, sowing: regularly placing a seedling raising tray in a greenhouse, paving a water-retaining cushion at the bottom in the seedling raising tray, arranging non-woven fabric seedling raising bags on the water-retaining cushion, pouring seedling raising matrixes into the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, filling gaps among the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags with the seedling raising matrixes, and sowing oil peony seeds in the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags;
s4, post management: after sowing, before the rooting length of the seeds reaches 5-6 cm, spraying clear water to the seedling culture substrate every 7-8 days, wherein the spraying amount is 2-3L/m2Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 15-25 ℃; and after the rooting length of the seeds reaches 5-6 cm, carrying out low-temperature induction on the seeds until the seeds bud.
Further, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 100-300 mg/L.
Further, the mass ratio of peat to garden soil to river sand to perlite in the S2 is 4:2:2: 1.
Further, the specific operations of the low temperature induction in S4 are: keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 3-5 deg.C, and spraying clear water into the seedling culture substrate every 8-10 days, wherein the spraying amount is 1-1.5L/m2。
Further, in the S4, after the seeds sprout, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 24-28 ℃, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the seedling substrate every 8-10 days, wherein the spraying amount is 2-3L/m2Continuously spraying for 3 months.
Further, in the step S3, the sowing depth of the seeds is 2-3cm, and 2-3 oil peony seeds are sowed in each non-woven fabric seedling raising bag.
Further, the water retention pad comprises the following raw materials: lignocellulose, vermiculite, sepiolite, acrylic acid, ammonium persulfate and N, N-methylene diacryloyl, wherein the volume mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the N, N-methylene diacryloyl to the ammonium persulfate is 500 ml: 12 g: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
Further, the mass-to-volume ratio of the lignocellulose to the vermiculite to the sepiolite to the acrylic acid is as follows: (1-1.2) g: 6 g: (2-3) g: 10 ml.
Further, the preparation method of the water-retaining cushion comprises the following steps:
adding water into acrylic acid, stirring uniformly, adding sepiolite, stirring uniformly, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 75%, stirring for 10-15min, adding ammonium persulfate and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, heating in a water bath to 45 ℃, stirring for 5-10min, then adding lignocellulose, stirring uniformly, heating again to 60-70 ℃, adding vermiculite, stirring uniformly, pouring into a mold, standing and cooling to obtain the water-retaining cushion.
Further, the thickness of the water storage pad paved at the bottom in the seedling raising tray in the S4 is 4-6 cm, and the width and the length of the water storage pad are manufactured according to the size of the seedling raising tray.
Further, the particle size of the vermiculite is 5-10mm, and the particle size of the sepiolite is 2-3 mm.
The water-retaining pad has the functions of absorbing and retaining water, so that the substrate can be kept in a wet state for a long time, and a proper amount of water is provided for the growth and development of the peony seeds and the peony seedlings. A non-woven fabric seedling raising bag filled with a seedling raising matrix is placed above the water retaining mat, and the water retaining mat is easy to crack and break if the strength is not enough in the seedling raising process, so that the water retaining and releasing effects cannot be achieved. Therefore, the sepiolite is added into the water retention pad, the sepiolite has a porous structure, the chain structure of the special fiber layer of the sepiolite and the gel complex are crosslinked to form a net-shaped three-dimensional structure, the strength of the water retention pad is enhanced, the supporting force and the durability are improved, the added lignocellulose and the sepiolite further improve the strength of the three-dimensional net-shaped structure, the strength of the water retention pad is further improved, and the lignocellulose has the corrosion resistance and can prevent the water retention pad from being rotten after being used for a long time. In addition, the vermiculite has a porous structure, so that the air permeability and the drainage performance of the water retention cushion are further improved, and root rot caused by the fact that root systems stretching into the water retention cushion cannot perform aerobic respiration due to too high moisture content and insufficient oxygen content in the later period is avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the water retention and release functions of the water retention cushion to keep the seedling substrate in a wet state for a long time, thereby being beneficial to promoting the good development of oil peony seeds and seedlings, improving the emergence rate and the seedling rate of the oil peony, leading the emergence rate to reach more than 90 percent and the seedling rate to reach more than 80 percent, reducing the spraying and watering frequency and being beneficial to reducing the labor input in the seedling process.
2. The seedling culture method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the gibberellin solution is used for seed soaking and low-temperature induction to break the epicotyl dormancy of the oil peony seeds, the germination time of the seeds is shortened, the quality of the oil peony seedlings can be improved, the root system is developed, the stress resistance is good, the excellent oil peony strong seedlings can be cultured, the development of industrial seedling culture is promoted, and the oil peony industry is expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view after sowing in a greenhouse in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the oil peony germinated seedlings of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the oil peony plant of example 1 after one year of cultivation.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and drawings, wherein:
and (3) carrying out industrial seedling raising on oil-used peony seeds with seed sources of Anhui copper-tomb, Anhui millizhou, Shaanxi Yangling, Shandong Neze and Henan Luoyang in scientific and technological parks in the same city school of Suzhou agricultural profession institute in 10 months in 2020.
Example 1: oil peony industrial seedling raising method 1
In this embodiment, before seedling raising, a water retention mat needs to be prepared, and the preparation process is as follows:
weighing raw materials: 12kg of lignocellulose, 36kg of vermiculite with the grain diameter of 5-8mm, 24kg of sepiolite with the grain diameter of 2-3mm, 120L of acrylic acid, 2.88kg of N, N-methylene diacryloyl and 0.24kg of ammonium persulfate.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
adding water into acrylic acid, stirring uniformly to prepare a 20 wt% acrylic acid solution, adding sepiolite with the particle size of 2-3mm, stirring uniformly, adding 30 wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 75%, stirring for 10min, adding ammonium persulfate and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, heating in a water bath to 45 ℃, stirring for 5min, then adding lignocellulose, stirring uniformly, heating again to 60 ℃, adding vermiculite with the particle size of 5-8mm, pouring into a mold after stirring uniformly, standing and cooling to obtain a water retention cushion with the thickness of 4 cm.
The seedling raising process comprises the following steps:
s1, seed soaking treatment: collecting 1000 full and insect-free oil peony seeds from Anhui copper Ling, Anhui millizhou, Shaanxi Yangling, Shandong lotus and Henan Luoyang, soaking the seeds in clear water for 4d, changing water every 1d, taking out the seeds after soaking in clear water, soaking the seeds in 100mg/L gibberellin solution for 1d, taking out the oil peony seeds, and cleaning the oil peony seeds with clear water;
s2, preparing a matrix: weighing 600kg of peat, 300kg of garden soil, 300kg of river sand and 150kg of perlite, rinsing the perlite, grinding the peat, removing impurities from the garden soil, grinding the garden soil into fine powder, fully mixing the peat, the garden soil, the river sand and the perlite uniformly, and solarizing for 2d after mixing uniformly to prepare a seedling culture medium;
s3, sowing: placing a seedling raising tray in a greenhouse, paving a layer of water-retaining cushion prepared according to the embodiment at the bottom in the seedling raising tray, arranging non-woven fabric seedling raising bags on the water-retaining cushion in order, pouring seedling raising matrix into the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, filling gaps among the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags with the seedling raising matrix, sowing oil peony seeds in the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and 2 seeds are sown in each seedling raising bag.
S4, post management: after sowing, before the rooting length of the seeds reaches 5cm, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 15 ℃, and spraying clear water to the seedling culture substrate every 8 days, wherein the spraying amount is 2L/m2；
When the rooting length of the seeds reaches 5cm, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at about 3 ℃, and clear water is sprayed into the seedling culture substrate every 10 days, wherein the spraying amount is 1L/m2；
After the seeds sprout, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at about 24 ℃, and spraying 20 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to the seedling substrate every 10 days, wherein the spraying amount is 2L/m2Continuously spraying for 3 months.
Example 2: oil peony industrial seedling raising method 2
In this embodiment, before seedling raising, a water retention mat needs to be prepared, and the preparation process is as follows:
weighing raw materials: 13.2kg of lignocellulose, 36kg of vermiculite with the grain diameter of 5-8mm, 36kg of sepiolite with the grain diameter of 2-3mm, 120L of acrylic acid, 2.88kg of N, N-methylene diacryloyl and 0.24kg of ammonium persulfate.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
adding water into acrylic acid, stirring uniformly to prepare a 20 wt% acrylic acid solution, adding sepiolite with the particle size of 2-3mm, stirring uniformly again, adding 30 wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 75%, stirring for 12min, adding ammonium persulfate and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, heating in a water bath to 45 ℃, stirring for 8min, then adding lignocellulose, stirring uniformly, heating again to 65 ℃, adding vermiculite with the particle size of 5-8mm, pouring into a mold after stirring uniformly, standing and cooling to obtain a water retention cushion with the thickness of 5 cm.
The seedling raising process comprises the following steps:
s1, seed soaking treatment: collecting 1000 full and insect-free oil peony seeds from Anhui copper Ling, Anhui millizhou, Shaanxi Yangling, Shandong lotus and Henan Luoyang, soaking the seeds in clear water for 5d, changing water every 1d, taking out the seeds after soaking in the clear water, soaking the seeds in 200mg/L gibberellin solution for 1d, taking out the oil peony seeds, and cleaning the oil peony seeds with the clear water;
s2, preparing a matrix: weighing 600kg of peat, 300kg of garden soil, 300kg of river sand and 150kg of perlite, rinsing the perlite, grinding the peat, removing impurities from the garden soil, grinding the garden soil into fine particles, fully mixing the peat, the garden soil, the river sand and the perlite, and solarizing for 3d after mixing uniformly to obtain a seedling culture medium;
s3, sowing: placing a seedling raising tray in a greenhouse, paving a layer of water-retaining cushion prepared according to the embodiment at the bottom in the seedling raising tray, arranging non-woven fabric seedling raising bags on the water-retaining cushion in order, pouring seedling raising matrix into the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, filling gaps among the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags with the seedling raising matrix, sowing oil peony seeds in the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and 2 seeds are sown in each seedling raising bag.
S4, post management: after sowing, before the rooting length of the seeds reaches 6cm, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 20 ℃, and clear water is sprayed to the seedling culture substrate every 8 days, wherein the spraying amount is 2.5L/m2；
After the rooting length of the seeds reaches 6cm,keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at about 4 deg.C, spraying clear water into the seedling substrate every 9 days, the spraying amount is 1L/m2；
After the seeds sprout, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at about 26 ℃, 20 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the seedling substrate every 9 days, and the spraying amount is 2.5L/m2Continuously spraying for 3 months.
Example 3: oil peony industrial seedling raising method 3
In this embodiment, before seedling raising, a water retention mat needs to be prepared, and the preparation process is as follows:
weighing raw materials: 14.4kg of lignocellulose, 36kg of vermiculite with the grain diameter of 5-8mm, 48kg of sepiolite with the grain diameter of 2-3mm, 120L of acrylic acid, 2.88kg of N, N-methylene diacryloyl and 0.24kg of ammonium persulfate.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
adding water into acrylic acid, stirring uniformly to prepare a 20 wt% acrylic acid solution, adding sepiolite with the particle size of 2-3mm, stirring uniformly again, adding 30 wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 75%, stirring for 15min, adding ammonium persulfate and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, heating in a water bath to 45 ℃, stirring for 10min, then adding lignocellulose, stirring uniformly, heating again to 70 ℃, adding vermiculite with the particle size of 5-8mm, pouring into a mold after stirring uniformly, standing and cooling to obtain a water retention cushion with the thickness of 6 cm.
The seedling raising process comprises the following steps:
s1, seed soaking treatment: collecting 1000 full and insect-free oil seeds of Anhui copper Ling, Anhui millizhou, Shaanxi Yangling, Shandong lotus and Henan Luoyang respectively, soaking the seeds in clear water for 6d, changing water every 0.5d, fishing out the seeds after soaking in the clear water, soaking the seeds in 300mg/L gibberellin solution for 1d, fishing out the oil, and cleaning the oil seeds with the clear water;
s2, preparing a matrix: weighing 600kg of peat, 300kg of garden soil, 300kg of river sand and 150kg of perlite, rinsing the perlite, grinding the peat, removing impurities from the garden soil, grinding the garden soil into fine particles, fully mixing the peat, the garden soil, the river sand and the perlite, and solarizing for 4 days after mixing uniformly to obtain a seedling culture medium;
s3, sowing: placing a seedling raising tray in a greenhouse, paving a water-retaining pad with the thickness of 6cm at the bottom in the seedling raising tray, arranging non-woven fabric seedling raising bags on the water-retaining pad in order, pouring a seedling raising matrix into the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, filling gaps among the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags with the seedling raising matrix, sowing oil peony seeds in the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, and sowing 3 seeds in each seedling raising bag at the sowing depth of 2-3 cm.
S4, post management: after sowing, before the rooting length of the seeds reaches 6cm, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25 ℃, and spraying clear water to the seedling culture substrate every 7 days, wherein the spraying amount is 3L/m2；
When the rooting length of the seeds reaches 6cm, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at about 5 ℃, and clear water is sprayed into the seedling culture substrate every 8 days, wherein the spraying amount is 1.5L/m2；
After the seeds sprout, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at about 28 ℃, and spraying 20 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to the seedling substrate every 8 days, wherein the spraying amount is 3L/m2Continuously spraying for 3 months.
Example 4: oil peony industrial seedling raising method 4
The seedling raising method of example 4 is compared with the seedling raising method of example 3, and the main difference is that no water-retaining mat is used in the seedling raising process of example 4, and the seedling raising process of example 4 is as follows:
s1, seed soaking treatment: collecting 1000 full and insect-free oil seeds of Anhui copper Ling, Anhui millizhou, Shaanxi Yangling, Shandong lotus and Henan Luoyang respectively, soaking the seeds in clear water for 6d, changing water every 0.5d, fishing out the seeds after soaking in the clear water, soaking the seeds in 300mg/L gibberellin solution for 1d, fishing out the oil, and cleaning the oil seeds with the clear water;
s2, preparing a matrix: weighing 600kg of peat, 300kg of garden soil, 300kg of river sand and 150kg of perlite, rinsing the perlite, grinding the peat, removing impurities from the garden soil, grinding the garden soil into fine particles, fully mixing the peat, the garden soil, the river sand and the perlite, and solarizing for 4 days after mixing uniformly to obtain a seedling culture medium;
s3, sowing: placing a seedling raising tray in a greenhouse, regularly arranging non-woven fabric seedling raising bags in the seedling raising tray, pouring seedling raising matrixes into the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, filling gaps among the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags with the seedling raising matrixes, sowing oil peony seeds in the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and 3 seeds are sown in each seedling raising bag.
S4, post management: after sowing, before the rooting length of the seeds reaches 6cm, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25 ℃, and spraying clear water to the seedling culture substrate every 7 days, wherein the spraying amount is 3L/m2；
When the rooting length of the seeds reaches 6cm, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at about 5 ℃, and clear water is sprayed into the seedling culture substrate every 8 days, wherein the spraying amount is 1.5L/m2；
After the seeds sprout, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at about 28 ℃, and spraying 20 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to the seedling substrate every 8 days, wherein the spraying amount is 3L/m2Continuously spraying for 3 months.
And I, statistics: counting the emergence rates of the oil peony seeds of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 at 1 day 4/2021;
and II, statistics: the seedling rate of the oil peony seeds of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 was counted at 8 months and 5 days in 2021.
TABLE 1
Analyzing the data in Table 1, it can be seen that:
the overall emergence rate and the seedling rate of the examples 1 to 3 are higher than those of the example 4, wherein the emergence rate of the example 3 is 21.7% higher than that of the example 4, the seedling rate is 25.6% higher than that of the example 4, and compared with the example 3, the examples 1 to 3 do not show water shortage at every 8d watering frequency without cushioning a layer at the bottom in the seedling tray in the sowing step, so that the water retaining cushions of the invention have the functions of water absorption and water release, timely supplement of the moisture of the seedling substrate to keep the seedling substrate in a wet state for a long time, reduce the watering frequency, provide a proper amount of water for the growth of oil peony seeds and oil peony plantlets, and be beneficial to improving the emergence rate and the seedling rate of the oil peony seeds, so that the emergence rate of the oil peony seeds reaches more than 90%, and the seedling rate reaches more than 80%.
Comparative example 1: water-retaining pad 1
The water-retention mat of comparative example 1 is compared with the water-retention mat of example 3, and the main difference is that the water-retention mat of comparative example 1 is prepared without adding sepiolite as follows:
weighing raw materials: 14.4kg of lignocellulose, 36kg of vermiculite with the particle size of 5-8mm, 120L of acrylic acid, 2.88kg of N, N-methylenebisacryloyl and 0.24kg of ammonium persulfate.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
adding water into acrylic acid, stirring uniformly to prepare a 20 wt% acrylic acid solution, adding a 30 wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 75%, stirring for 15min, adding ammonium persulfate and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, heating in a water bath to 45 ℃, stirring for 10min, then adding lignocellulose, stirring uniformly, heating again to 70 ℃, adding vermiculite with the particle size of 5-8mm, stirring uniformly, pouring into a mold, standing and cooling to obtain a water-retaining cushion with the thickness of 6 cm.
Comparative example 2: water-retaining cushion 2
The water retention mat of comparative example 2 is compared to the water retention mat of example 3, with the main difference that the water retention mat of comparative example 2 was prepared without the addition of vermiculite, as follows:
weighing raw materials: 14.4kg of lignocellulose, 48kg of sepiolite with the grain diameter of 2-3mm, 120L of acrylic acid, 2.88kg of N, N-methylenebisacryloyl and 0.24kg of ammonium persulfate.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
adding water into acrylic acid, stirring uniformly to prepare a 20 wt% acrylic acid solution, adding sepiolite with the particle size of 2-3mm, stirring uniformly again, adding 30 wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 75%, stirring for 15min, adding ammonium persulfate and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, heating in a water bath to 45 ℃, stirring for 10min, then adding lignocellulose, stirring uniformly, heating again to 70 ℃, pouring into a mold, standing and cooling to obtain a water-retaining pad with the thickness of 6 cm.
Comparative example 3: water-retaining cushion III
The water-retention mat of comparative example 3 is compared with the water-retention mat of example 3, and the main difference is that no lignocellulose is added in the preparation process of the water-retention mat of comparative example 3, which is as follows:
weighing raw materials: 36kg of vermiculite with the grain diameter of 5-8mm, 48kg of sepiolite with the grain diameter of 2-3mm, 120L of acrylic acid, 2.88kg of N, N-methylene diacrylic acid and 0.24kg of ammonium persulfate.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
adding water into acrylic acid, stirring uniformly to prepare a 20 wt% acrylic acid solution, adding sepiolite with the particle size of 2-3mm, stirring uniformly again, adding 30 wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 75%, stirring for 15min, adding ammonium persulfate and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, heating in a water bath to 45 ℃, stirring for 10min, heating again to 70 ℃, adding vermiculite with the particle size of 5-8mm, stirring uniformly, pouring into a mold, standing and cooling to obtain a water-retaining cushion with the thickness of 6 cm.
Comparative example 4: water-retaining cushion
The water-retaining mat of comparative example 4 is compared with the water-retaining mat of example 3, and the main difference is that sepiolite, lignocellulose and vermiculite are not added in the preparation process of the water-retaining mat of comparative example 4, and sodium polyacrylate gel is directly used as the water-retaining mat, and the preparation process is as follows:
weighing raw materials: 120L of acrylic acid, 2.88kg of N, N-methylenebisacryloyl and 0.24kg of ammonium persulfate.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
adding water into acrylic acid, stirring uniformly to prepare a 20 wt% acrylic acid solution, adding a 30 wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 75%, stirring for 15min, adding ammonium persulfate and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, heating in a water bath to 45 ℃, stirring for 10min, heating again to 70 ℃, pouring into a mold, standing and cooling to obtain a water-retaining cushion with the thickness of 6 cm.
Measuring the water absorption rate, the water release rate and the strength of the water retention cushion:
i: measuring under the conditions that the temperature is 20 ℃ and the humidity is 80%, respectively taking the water storage cushions of the embodiment 3 and the comparative examples 1-4, wherein the sizes of the water storage cushions are 10cm multiplied by 10cm, the thicknesses of the water storage cushions are 6cm, and the mass of the water storage cushions is recorded as the initial mass;
II: soaking the water retention mats of the embodiment 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 4 in clear water for 3 hours, taking out the water retention mats after soaking, weighing the mass of the water retention mats again, and recording the mass as the mass after water absorption; calculating the water absorption: the water absorption rate of the water retention pad is (mass after water absorption of the water retention pad-initial mass of the water retention pad)/initial mass of the water retention pad multiplied by 100%;
III: and (3) regularly arranging non-woven fabric seedling raising bags on the water-retaining mat after water absorption, placing 1 non-woven fabric seedling raising bag on each water-retaining mat, pouring the seedling raising matrix prepared in the embodiment 3 into the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, weighing the seedling raising matrixes poured into each seedling raising bag, taking down the seedling raising bags after 4 days, weighing the mass of the water-retaining mat, and recording the mass as the mass after water release. Calculating the water release rate: the water release rate of the water retention pad is (the mass of the water retention pad after water absorption-the mass of the water retention pad after water release)/the mass of the water retention pad after water absorption is multiplied by 100%;
IV: weighing the mass of the seedling raising bag after water absorption, and calculating the water absorption of the matrix: the water absorption rate of the substrate is (the mass of the seedling raising bag after water absorption-the mass of the seedling raising bag before water absorption)/(the mass of the water-retaining mat after water absorption-the mass of the water-retaining mat after water release) multiplied by 100%;
v: the water storage cushions of the embodiment 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 4 are respectively measured, the size is about 30cm x 30cm, the thickness is about 6cm, and the strength of the water storage cushions is measured by using a gel strength tester.
VI: the experiment was repeated three times, and the data obtained by averaging are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | |
| Water absorption rate | 47.1％ | 47.6％ | 48.3％ | 47.3％ | 48.9％ |
| Water release rate | 25.4％ | 23.7％ | 19.1％ | 28.5％ | 12.2％ |
| Water absorption of matrix | 91.0％ | 91.2％ | 89.4％ | 88.9％ | 90.1％ |
| Strength (g/cm)2) | 1127 | 504 | 652 | 531 | 429 |
Analyzing the data in the table 2 shows that:
(1) compared with the water retention mat of comparative example 1, the water absorption rate, the water release rate and the strength of the water retention mat of example 3 are all higher than those of comparative example 1, and the water absorption rate of the matrix is combined, so that most of the water released by the water retention mat is absorbed by the matrix, and accounts for about 90%, and therefore the water of the water retention mat can provide water for seeds or seedlings by wetting the matrix. Compared with the water retention pad of example 3, the water retention pad of comparative example 1 is different from the water retention pad of example 3 only in that sepiolite is not added in the preparation process of the water retention pad of comparative example 1, and compared with example 3, lignocellulose is not added in comparative example 3, and the strength of the water retention pads of comparative example 1 and comparative example 3 is lower than that of example 3, which shows that the water absorption performance and the water release performance of the water retention pad are improved by the cooperation of sepiolite and lignocellulose, the three-dimensional reticular three-dimensional structure of gel is enhanced, the strength of the water retention pad is improved, and the supporting force and the durability of the water retention pad are improved.
(2) Compared with the water retention pad of the comparative example 2, the water retention pad of the example 3 has the water absorption rate lower than that of the water retention pad of the comparative example 2 by 1.2 percent, and the water release rate higher than that of the water retention pad of the comparative example 2 by 6.3 percent, which shows that although the water retention pad of the comparative example 2 takes gel as a main raw material to improve the water absorption capacity, the porous vermiculite in the example 3 is not used, the water release rate is reduced, and the vermiculite in the example 3 has the functions of ventilation and water filtration, so that the water release rate can be improved, water can be continuously supplied to the substrate, the oxygen respiration of root systems extending into the water retention pad in the later period of seedlings is facilitated, and the healthy growth of the root systems is promoted. The strength of the water retention mat of example 3 is much greater than that of comparative example 2, indicating that the strength of the water retention mat is further improved by vermiculite according to the present invention.
(3) The water retention mat of example 3 was compared with the water retention mat of comparative example 4, sepiolite, vermiculite and lignocellulose, with only sodium polyacrylate gel as the water retention mat, although the water absorption rate of comparative example 4 is high, the water release rate is low, and the hardness of the water retention mat of comparative example 4 is also lower than that of example 3, and thus it can be illustrated that, the gel of comparative example 4, although having strong water absorption, has a poor rate of releasing water, and is insufficient to supply moisture to the substrate, and the water-retaining cushion has lower strength and can not be placed below the seedling-raising bag for a long time, is easy to damage and rot, therefore, after the water retention mat is treated by sepiolite, vermiculite and lignocellulose, the hardness of the water retention mat is improved, the drainage of the water retention mat is also improved, the water stored in the water retention mat can be absorbed by the seedling raising matrix, so that the seedling substrate is kept in a wet state, thereby being beneficial to the growth of oil peony seeds and seedlings.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive method as defined in the appended claims. The methods, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known methods.
Claims (10)
1. An oil peony industrial seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, seed pretreatment: soaking the oil in clear water for 4-6 days, changing water every 0.5-1 days, taking out the seeds, soaking in gibberellin solution for 1 day, taking out the seeds, and cleaning;
s2, preparing a matrix: mixing peat, garden soil, river sand and perlite, and solarizing for 2-4 days to obtain seedling culture medium;
s3, sowing: placing a seedling raising tray in a greenhouse, paving a water-retaining cushion at the bottom in the seedling raising tray, arranging non-woven fabric seedling raising bags on the water-retaining cushion, pouring seedling raising matrixes into the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags, filling gaps among the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags with the seedling raising matrixes, and sowing oil peony seeds in the non-woven fabric seedling raising bags;
s4, post management: after sowing, the rooting length of the seeds reaches 5-6 cmBefore that, clear water is sprayed on the seedling substrate every 7-8 days, and the spraying amount is 2-3L/m2Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 15-25 ℃; and after the rooting length of the seeds reaches 5-6 cm, carrying out low-temperature induction on the seeds until the seeds bud.
2. The industrial seedling raising method for peony for oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of said gibberellin solution is 100-300 mg/L.
3. The oil peony industrial seedling raising method according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of peat, garden soil, river sand and perlite in the S2 is 4:2:2: 1.
4. The oil peony industrial seedling raising method according to claim 3, wherein the specific operations of the low-temperature induction in S4 are as follows: keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 3-5 deg.C, and spraying clear water into the seedling culture substrate every 8-10 days, wherein the spraying amount is 1-1.5L/m2。
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in S4, after the seeds sprout, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 24-28 ℃, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed onto the seedling substrate every 8-10 days, and the spraying amount is 2-3L/m2Continuously spraying for 3 months.
6. The industrial seedling raising method of oil peonies according to claim 5, wherein in S3, the seeds are sown to a depth of 2-3cm, and 2-3 oil peonies are sown in each non-woven fabric seedling raising bag.
7. The oil peony industrial seedling raising method according to claim 6, wherein the water retention mat comprises the following raw materials: lignocellulose, vermiculite, sepiolite, acrylic acid, ammonium persulfate and N, N-methylene diacryloyl, wherein the volume mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the N, N-methylene diacryloyl to the ammonium persulfate is 500 ml: 12 g: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
8. The oil peony industrial seedling raising method according to claim 7, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the lignocellulose to the vermiculite to the sepiolite to the acrylic acid is as follows: (1-1.2) g: 3 g: (2-3) g: 10 ml.
9. The oil peony industrial seedling raising method according to claim 8, wherein the water-retaining mat is prepared by the following method:
adding water into acrylic acid, stirring uniformly, adding sepiolite, stirring uniformly, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 75%, stirring for 10-15min, adding ammonium persulfate and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, heating in a water bath to 45 ℃, stirring for 5-10min, then adding lignocellulose, stirring uniformly, heating again to 60-70 ℃, adding vermiculite, stirring uniformly, pouring into a mold, standing and cooling to obtain the water retention pad.
10. The industrial seedling raising method for oil peonies according to claim 9, characterized in that the particle size of the vermiculite is 5-10mm, and the particle size of the sepiolite is 2-3 mm.
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