CN114527037A - Method and device for measuring liquid viscosity - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring liquid viscosity Download PDFInfo
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- CN114527037A CN114527037A CN202210156691.9A CN202210156691A CN114527037A CN 114527037 A CN114527037 A CN 114527037A CN 202210156691 A CN202210156691 A CN 202210156691A CN 114527037 A CN114527037 A CN 114527037A
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- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种液体粘度测量方法及装置，适用于对透明液体进行粘度测量。该方法具有原理简单、操作简便和测量准确等特点。其装置核心部分是在透明管道内用细线悬吊一个小球。当液体以层流方式流经透明管道时，悬吊小球的悬线将产生一定的偏转角度θ，此时小球将受到液体作用于小球的粘滞力、液体作用于小球的浮力、小球自身的重力和悬线作用于小球的拉力等四个力作用。通过调节液体的流速和小球悬线的长度，使小球在上述四个力作用下处于管道的中轴线上，并达到平衡状态。利用小球所受四力平衡关系，建立液体粘度η 液与流速及悬线偏转角度θ关系，通过测量液体流速和悬线偏转角度θ，便能计算得到液体运动粘度η 液。
The invention discloses a liquid viscosity measurement method and device, which are suitable for viscosity measurement of transparent liquids. The method has the characteristics of simple principle, simple operation and accurate measurement. The core part of the device is a small ball suspended by a thin wire inside a transparent tube. When the liquid flows through the transparent pipe in a laminar flow, the suspension line suspending the ball will generate a certain deflection angle θ . At this time, the ball will be subjected to the viscous force of the liquid on the ball and the buoyancy of the liquid to the ball. , the gravity of the ball itself and the pulling force of the suspension acting on the ball. By adjusting the flow rate of the liquid and the length of the suspension line of the small ball, the small ball is placed on the central axis of the pipeline under the action of the above four forces, and the equilibrium state is achieved. The relationship between the liquid viscosity η liquid and the flow velocity and the deflection angle θ of the suspension line can be established by using the balance relationship between the four forces on the ball.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid viscosity measurement, in particular to a method and a device for measuring liquid viscosity.
Background
At present, the liquid viscosity measurement method includes a falling ball method, a rotation method, a vibration method, a capillary method, and the like. The falling ball method, the rotation method and the vibration method all adopt a liquid relative motion mode (namely, liquid does not flow, a ball/a rotor/a vibrator moves, and the liquid does relative motion relative to the ball/the rotor/the vibrator), and the method can not reflect the real viscosity of the flowing liquid; although the capillary method adopts a liquid absolute motion mode and can reflect the viscosity of flowing liquid, the liquid viscosity measured by the capillary method cannot reflect the real viscosity of the flowing liquid in an actual pipeline because the pipe diameter of a capillary is far smaller than that of the actual pipeline.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the background art, the invention provides a method and a device for measuring the viscosity of liquid, which solve the problem that the real viscosity of flowing liquid in the actual pipe diameter is inconvenient to measure in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a liquid viscosity measuring device comprises a liquid storage mechanism, wherein a water outlet and a water inlet are formed in the liquid storage mechanism, and a pipeline measuring assembly is connected between the water outlet and the water inlet; pipeline measurement subassembly is including surveying buret and extension pipe, surveys buret's both ends all with the extension union coupling, the extension pipe is connected with delivery port, water inlet respectively, and is equipped with the flowmeter between extension pipe and the delivery port, survey buret and extension are equipped with the rectification pipeline between managing, survey buret in-connection has the suspension line, is connected with the bobble on the suspension line.
Further, liquid storage mechanism includes the cistern, is equipped with the water tank on the cistern, be provided with liquid adjusting part between cistern and the water tank, the delivery port sets up on the water tank, and the water inlet setting is on the cistern.
Furthermore, the liquid adjusting component comprises a water suction pump and an adjusting pipe, the water suction pump is arranged in the water storage tank, and the water suction pump is provided with a water inlet pipe connected with the water tank; the regulating pipe is arranged at the lower part of the water tank and is communicated with the reservoir; and a plurality of bubble removing partition plates are arranged in the water tank.
Furthermore, an adjusting valve is arranged between the water outlet and the extension pipe, the adjusting valve and the flowmeter are both connected with a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with an adapter connected with the extension pipe; and valves are arranged on the water outlet and the water inlet. The suspension wires are light thin wires; the measuring tube is a transparent measuring pipeline.
A measuring method of a liquid viscosity measuring device comprises the following steps:
s1: when the liquid in the measuring tube performs laminar motion and the flow velocity of the liquid is stable, the small ball suspended in the measuring tube is positioned on the central axis of the measuring tube, and the average flow velocity of the liquid in the measuring tube is obtained through the flow meter
S2: when the liquid makes laminar flow movement, the flow velocity of the liquid on the central axis of the measuring tube is equal to twice of the average flow velocity of the liquid, namely
When the deflection angle of the small ball is theta relative to the initial state, the small ball in the step S1 is subjected to the viscous force F applied by liquid and the horizontal component force pulled by the pulling force F applied by the suspension line in the horizontal direction, and the small ball is subjected to the buoyancy F floating and the vertical component force pulled by the pulling force F applied by the suspension line in the vertical direction and the gravity G ball of the small ball per se;
s3: the small ball is positioned on the central axis and is stressed in a balanced manner in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the small ball reaches a balanced state, and the kinematic viscosity of the liquid is calculated according to a stress balance formula.
In step S2, according to stokes law, the viscosity force f applied by the liquid to the small ball in the tube is measured:
fglue stick＝6πηLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionvLiquid for treating urinary tract infection r Ball with ball-shaped section ①
Wherein, r ball is the radius of the small ball, and eta liquid is the kinematic viscosity of the liquid;
the small ball is subjected to buoyancy F applied by liquid:
Ffloating body＝ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong ②
Wherein rho liquid is the density of liquid, V balls are the volume of small balls, and g is the acceleration of gravity;
gravity of the pellet itself G pellet:
Gball with ball-shaped section＝ρBall with ball-shaped sectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong ③
Where ρ balls are the density of the pellets.
When the small ball reaches the balance state in the step S3, the vertical stress of the small ball satisfies the following conditions:
Fpulling devicecosθ+ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong＝ρBall with ball-shaped sectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong ④
When the pellet reaches the equilibrium state, satisfy in the horizontal direction:
Fpulling devicesinθ＝6πηLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionvLiquid for treating urinary tract infection r Ball with ball-shaped section ⑤
The kinematic viscosity eta of the liquid can be obtained by the following formulas:
wherein the volume of the small ball is
Inserting the r into formula (c):
further, step 2
Substitution intoObtaining the kinematic viscosity of the liquid in formula (c):
further, the dynamic viscosity of the liquid is obtained according to the kinematic viscosity of the liquid: μ liquid ═ η liquid × ρ liquid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages of simple principle, simple and convenient operation and accurate measurement. The core part of the device in the application is that a small ball is suspended in a transparent pipeline by a suspension wire. When liquid flows through the transparent pipeline in a laminar flow mode, the suspension line suspending the small ball generates a certain deflection angle theta, and the small ball is subjected to four forces of viscous force of the liquid acting on the small ball, buoyancy of the liquid acting on the small ball, pulling force of the suspension line acting on the small ball and gravity of the small ball. By adjusting the flow rate of the liquid and the length of the suspension line of the small ball, the small ball is positioned on the central axis of the pipeline under the four forces and reaches a balanced state. The liquid viscosity eta is established by utilizing the four-force equilibrium relation of the small ballLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionAnd flow rate
And the relation of the deflection angle theta of the suspension line by measuring the flow rate of the liquid
And the deflection angle theta of the suspension line can be calculated to obtain the viscosity eta of the liquidLiquid for treating urinary tract infection。
Drawings
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the invention more clearly, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be derived from those drawings by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a force analysis diagram of the bead of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the measurement tube of fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. the water pump, the water storage tank, the water inlet pipe, the water tank, the bubble removing partition plate, the adjusting pipe, the water outlet pipe, the valve, the water inlet pipe, the pipeline, the measuring table, the measuring pipe, the rectifying pipeline, the extending pipe, the regulating valve, the adapter, the flowmeter, the ball and the suspension wire are sequentially connected, wherein the water pump, the water storage tank, the water inlet pipe, the water tank, the bubble removing partition plate, the regulating pipe, the water outlet pipe, the valve, the water inlet pipe, the pipeline, the measuring table, the measuring pipe, the rectifying pipeline, the extending pipe, the regulating valve, the adapter, the flowmeter, the ball and the suspension wire are sequentially connected, and the flow meter, the ball and the suspension wire are sequentially connected.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in embodiment 1, a liquid viscosity measurement device includes a liquid storage mechanism, the liquid storage mechanism is provided with a water outlet 7 and a water inlet 9, and a pipeline measurement assembly is connected between the water outlet 7 and the water inlet 9; pipeline measurement subassembly is including surveying buret 12 and a plurality of extension pipe 14, surveys buret 12 and is connected with extension pipe 14's one end, and is equipped with rectification pipeline 13 between surveying buret 12 and the extension pipe 14, survey buret 12 in-connection has suspension 19, is connected with bobble 18 on the suspension 19, extension pipe 14's the other end is connected with delivery port 7, water inlet 9 respectively, and is equipped with flowmeter 17 between extension pipe 14 and the delivery port 7. The liquid storage mechanism comprises a reservoir 2, a water tank 4 is arranged on the reservoir 2, a liquid adjusting component is arranged between the reservoir 2 and the water tank 4, and the liquid adjusting component adjusts the height of liquid in the water tank, so that the total amount of the liquid in the water tank is kept unchanged during working, and errors are reduced; the water outlet 7 is arranged on the water tank 4, and the water inlet 9 is arranged on the water storage tank 2. The water tank 4 is provided with a water outlet 7, the water outlet 7 is arranged at the lower part of the water tank 4 to facilitate the liquid to flow out, the water storage tank 2 is provided with a water inlet 9, the water inlet 9 is arranged at the upper part of the water storage tank 2 and is higher than the liquid in the water storage tank 2, the water outlet 7 is arranged above the water inlet 9 to facilitate the liquid circulation, and a pipeline measuring mechanism is connected between the water outlet 7 and the water inlet 9; the pipeline measuring mechanism is used for measuring the kinematic viscosity of the liquid. Pipeline measurement mechanism is including surveying buret 12 and a plurality of extension pipes 14, and extension pipe 14 passes through pipeline 10 to be connected with delivery port 7, water inlet 9 respectively, surveys buret 12 in-connection and has a suspension line 19, is connected with bobble 18 on the suspension line 19, and bobble 18's diameter is less than the diameter of surveying buret 12, and surveys buret 12 diameter and be 4 times and above of bobble 18 diameter. Extension pipe 14 is connected with delivery port 7, water inlet 9 through pipeline 10 respectively, is equipped with flowmeter 17 between extension pipe 14 and the delivery port 7, and flowmeter 17 is used for surveying the velocity of flow of liquid in the buret 12, and extension pipe 14 is connected with survey buret 12 and/or extension pipe 14, and is equipped with rectification pipeline 13 between extension pipe 14 and the survey buret 12, and rectification pipeline 13 is used for realizing the laminar motion of liquid. The number of the extension pipes can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and a rectification channel is arranged inside the connection part of the extension pipes 14 and the extension pipes 14.
In the embodiment, the liquid regulating assembly comprises a water suction pump 1 and a regulating pipe 6, the water suction pump 1 is arranged in the reservoir 2, and the water suction pump 1 is provided with a water inlet pipe 3 connected with a water tank 4; the adjusting pipe 6 is arranged on the lower portion of the water tank 4 and communicated with the water storage tank 2, the water suction pump 1 is used for conveying liquid in the water storage tank 2 into the water tank 4, and the adjusting pipe 6 is used for adjusting the height of the liquid in the water tank 4 to ensure the stability of the liquid water pressure. The inside of water tank 4 is equipped with a plurality of bubble baffles 5 that remove, and bubble baffle 5 that remove sets up and is used for detaching the bubble in the liquid between inlet tube 3 and regulating tube 6, regulating tube 6 and delivery port 7 to guarantee to flow into the stability of measuring the interior liquid of pipeline mechanism.
In this embodiment, a regulating valve 15 is disposed between the water outlet 7 and the extension pipe 14, and the regulating valve 15 is used for regulating the flow rate of the liquid in the measuring pipeline mechanism. All be equipped with the adapter 16 of being connected with extension pipe 14 on the pipeline 10 that governing valve 15 and flowmeter 17 are connected, adapter 16 is horn type adapter, and extension pipe 14 and pipeline 10 are connected to adapter 16. And the water outlet 7 and the water inlet 9 are both provided with valves 8, and the valves 8 control the inflow and outflow of liquid. The suspension wire 19 is a light thin wire, and the influence of the suspension wire on the stress of the small ball 18 can be reduced by adopting the light thin wire; the measuring tube 12 is a transparent measuring tube, the deflection angle of the small ball 18 can be conveniently measured by adopting the transparent measuring tube, and the scale of the angle with the zero degree at the initial position of the suspension line can be selectively arranged on the transparent measuring tube, so that the angle can be conveniently and directly measured.
S2: when the flow rate of the liquid in the central axis of the measuring tube 12 is equal to twice the average flow rate of the liquid in the pipe
When the liquid is in laminar motion, the flow velocity of the liquid at the pipe wall is 0, and the flow velocity at the central axis is maximum, so that the average flow velocity of the liquid is 1/2 of the flow velocity at the central axis. The deflection angle of the bead 18 with respect to the initial state is θ, and the bead 18 in step S1 is subjected to the viscous force f applied by the liquid in the horizontal directionSticking machineAnd tension F exerted by the suspension wirePulling deviceThe small ball 18 is subjected to a buoyancy force F in the vertical directionFloating bodyThe tension F exerted by the suspension wirePulling deviceAnd the vertical component of the force of gravity G of the ball 18 itselfBall with ball-shaped section；
S3: the small ball 18 is positioned on the central axis and is stressed in a balanced manner in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the small ball 18 reaches a balanced state, and the kinematic viscosity of the liquid is calculated according to a stress balance formula.
Further, in step S2, the viscous force f exerted by the liquid on the inner ball 18 of the tube is measured according to Stokes' lawGlue stick：fGlue stick＝6πηLiquid for medical purposevLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionrBall with ball-shaped sectionR, whereinBall with ball-shaped sectionThe radius of the bead 18;
the ball 18 being subjected to the buoyancy F exerted by the liquidFloating body：
FFloating body＝ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong (where ρ)Liquid for treating urinary tract infectionIs the density of a liquid, VBall with ball-shaped sectionIs the volume of the bead 18, g is the acceleration of gravity;
gravity G of the ball 18 itselfBall with ball-shaped section：
GBall with ball-shaped section＝ρBall with ball-shaped sectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong. where pBall with ball-shaped sectionIs the density of the beads 18.
When the pellets reach the equilibrium state in step S3, the vertical stress of the pellets 18 satisfies:
Fpulling devicecosθ+ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong＝ρBall with ball-shaped sectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong ④
When the small ball 18 is stressed and balanced, the following conditions are satisfied in the horizontal direction:
Fpulling devicesinθ＝6πηLiquid for medical purposevLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionrBall with ball-shaped section ⑤
The kinematic viscosity eta of the liquid can be obtained by the formulasLiquid for treating urinary tract infection：
Wherein the pellets 18 have a volume of
Substituting the r into equation:
in step 2
Substituting formula (c) to obtain kinematic viscosity of the medium liquid:
wherein theta is the included angle between the initial state and the stable state,
is the average flow rate of the liquid in the pipe. And further obtaining the dynamic viscosity of the liquid according to the kinematic viscosity of the liquid: mu.sLiquid for treating urinary tract infection＝ηLiquid for treating urinary tract infection×ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection。
The specific working measurement process is as follows: a. the water pump 1 pumps liquid from the reservoir 2 to the water tank 4, and the water tank 4 is internally provided with an adjusting pipe 6; b. opening a valve 8 on a water outlet 7 of the water tank 4, and enabling liquid to enter a pipeline measuring mechanism; c. adjusting valve 15 on the pipeline measuring mechanism to control the liquid speed and make the extension pipe 14 and the liquid in the measuring pipe 12 do laminar motion, and obtaining the average flow speed of the liquid in the extension pipe 14 and the measuring pipe 12 through the reading on the flowmeter 17
d. In the liquid with laminar flow motion in step c, when the small ball 18 in the measuring tube is balanced in force and is positioned at the central axis in the measuring tube 12, the small ball 18 suspended in the measuring tube 12 is subjected to viscous force and buoyancy exerted by the liquid, and simultaneously is also subjected to pulling force exerted by the suspension line and gravity of the small ball 18, and the forward incoming flow speed of the small ball 18 is equal to twice of the average flow speed of the liquid in the measuring tube 12, namely
Measuring the included angle theta between the initial state and the stable state of the small ball 18; e. according to the steps and the stress balance of the small ball 18, the kinematic viscosity of the liquid is obtained.
The suction pump 1 pumps liquid from the reservoir 2 to the water tank 4, the adjusting pipe 6 is arranged in the water tank 4, the height of the liquid in the water tank 4 is adjusted, a bubble removing partition plate 5 is arranged between the adjusting pipe 6 and the water outlet 7, and the bubble removing partition plate 5 is convenient to discharge and is externally used for influencing the flow speed. The valve 8 on the water outlet 7 is opened, and the liquid enters the pipeline measuring mechanism. Adjusting the adjusting valve 15 on the pipeline measuring mechanism, controlling the water flow speed and making the extension pipe 14 and the liquid in the measuring pipe 12 do laminar motion, when the small ball 18 in the measuring pipe 12 is positioned on the central axis and the stress is balanced, the average flow speed of the liquid in the pipeline is obtained by the reading on the flowmeter 17
The angle theta between the initial state of the bead 18 and the steady state is measured. In the liquid with laminar flow motion, the small ball 18 suspended in the measuring tube 12 is subjected to viscous force and buoyancy force exerted by the liquid, and simultaneously is subjected to pulling force exerted by the suspension wire 19 and gravity of the small ball 18, and the forward incoming flow speed of the small ball 18 is equal to twice of the average flow speed of the liquid, namely
Example 3 the method of measuring the viscosity of a liquid according to the invention requires a laminar flow of the liquid. The Reynolds number is the criterion for determining the flow characteristics of the liquid. Taking the water flowing in the measuring pipe 12 as an example, when the Reynolds number is less than 2300, the water performs laminar flow motion; when the Reynolds number is more than 4000, the water carries out turbulent motion; when the Reynolds number is in the range of 2300 to 4000, the flow characteristic of water is between laminar flow and turbulent flow, which is a transition state.
The Reynolds number is related to parameters such as the flow velocity v of the liquid, the density rho of the liquid, the viscosity eta of the liquid, the characteristic length L and the like, and satisfies the following relation: re is rho vL/eta.
With regard to the characteristic length L and the flow velocity v, there are two cases: an inner flow and an outer flow. The term "inflow" refers to a situation in which a liquid flows when it is obstructed inside an object (for example, water flows in a pipe); by outflow is meant the situation where liquid is obstructed outside the object (e.g. water flows around a stone). For the internal flow condition, the characteristic length L is the inner diameter of the pipeline, and the flow velocity v is the average flow velocity of the liquid in the pipeline; for the outflow case, the characteristic length L takes the major dimension of the object and the flow velocity v takes the incoming flow velocity ahead. The liquid viscosity measuring device of the present invention includes both of an inner flow and an outer flow. Wherein the characteristic length of the inner flow case relates to the inner diameter of the pipeline and the characteristic length of the outer flow case relates to the diameter of the small ball.
The liquid viscosity measurement method related by the invention requires that: 1. the ball is positioned on the central axis of the transparent measuring pipeline, and the incoming flow speed in front of the ball is equal to twice of the average flow speed of the liquid in the pipeline; 2. the inner diameter of the pipeline is far larger than the diameter of the small ball, and according to a Reynolds number calculation formula (Re ═ rho vL/eta), when the inner flow condition meets the Reynolds number of the laminar flow condition, the outer flow condition inevitably meets the Reynolds number of the laminar flow condition, and otherwise, the inner diameter is not larger than the diameter of the small ball. Therefore, the liquid viscosity measuring device related to the invention only needs to judge the Reynolds number under the laminar flow motion condition aiming at the internal flow condition. In order to make it easier for the liquid to reach a laminar state, parameters such as the inner diameter of the pipe, the diameter of the pellets, and the density of the pellets (in terms of Re ═ ρ vL/η) may be selected in advance as appropriate for the properties (viscosity and density range) of the object to be measured.
The core component of the liquid viscosity measuring device related to the invention is a transparent measuring pipeline (with marked lines and a small ball suspended by fine lines inside), and a structural schematic diagram of the liquid viscosity measuring device related to the invention is shown in figure 1. The liquid viscosity measuring device of the invention also comprises an extension pipe 14 (front/back) and a rectification pipeline (front/back), and the number of the extension pipe 14 and the rectification pipeline 13 can be properly increased or decreased according to the requirement in order to realize the laminar motion of the liquid in the transparent measuring pipeline.
Both sides all are connected with extension pipe 14 and rectification pipeline around the transparent measurement pipeline, and preceding extension pipe makes liquid flow steady gradually, and preceding rectification pipeline makes the light laminar flow motion that realizes of the liquid of steady flow, and back rectification pipeline and back extension pipe make the liquid that flows out survey buret 12 continue to keep laminar flow state to influence the laminar flow motion of liquid in the transparent measurement pipeline. When the liquid in laminar flow motion flows through the transparent measuring pipeline, the small ball suspended in the pipeline is subjected to viscous force and buoyancy force exerted by the liquid, and simultaneously is subjected to pulling force exerted by the suspension wire and self gravity.
When the flow rate of the liquid is stable, the small ball is in a stress balance state, and then a viscosity calculation formula can be obtained:
wherein eta isLiquid for treating urinary tract infection-the kinematic viscosity of the liquid;
ρball with ball-shaped section-the density of the pellets;
ρliquid for treating urinary tract infection-the density of the liquid;
rball with ball-shaped section-the radius of the pellet;
g-gravitational acceleration;
theta is the included angle between the suspension line and the vertical marking line;
The kinematic viscosity eta of the liquid can be calculated by the formulaLiquid for treating urinary tract infection. According to the formula: mu.sLiquid for treating urinary tract infection＝ηLiquid for treating urinary tract infection×ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionThe method can also obtain the dynamic viscosity mu of the liquidLiquid for treating urinary tract infection。
In order to reduce the measurement error of the liquid viscosity, the suspension line should be a light thin line, the small ball should be controlled on the central axis of the transparent measurement pipeline, and the Reynolds number should be controlled to be as small as possible to ensure the liquid to make laminar flow movement.
The derivation process of the calculation formula of the viscosity of the liquid related by the invention is as follows:
according to Stokes' law, the small ball in the transparent measuring pipeline is subjected to viscous force f exerted by liquidGlue stick：
fGlue stick＝6πηLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionvLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionrBall with ball-shaped section ①
Wherein v isLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionThe liquid flow rate at the central axis of the pipe (the beads are located on the pipe axis).
The ball being subjected to a buoyancy force F exerted by the liquidFloating body：
FFloating body＝ρLiquid for medical purposeVBall with ball-shaped sectiong ②
Gravity G of the pellet itselfBall with ball-shaped section：
GBall with ball-shaped section＝ρBall with ball-shaped sectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong ③
The ball is also subjected to a pulling force F exerted by the suspension wirePulling deviceThus, the pellet can reach an equilibrium state.
As shown in fig. 2, when the small ball is stressed in balance, the following conditions are satisfied in the vertical direction:
Fpulling devicecosθ+ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong＝ρBall with ball-shaped sectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong ④
As shown in fig. 2, when the small ball is stressed in balance, the following conditions are satisfied in the horizontal direction:
Fpulling devicesinθ＝6πηLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionvLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionrBall with ball-shaped section ⑤
The kinematic viscosity eta of the liquid can be obtained by the formulasLiquid for medical purpose：
Wherein,
inserting the r into formula (c):
the flow velocity of the liquid in the pipeline is distributed in a gradient way along the radial direction. The liquid flow velocity at the pipe wall is zero, and the liquid flow velocity v on the central axisLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionMaximum and average flow velocity of liquid in the pipe
Satisfies the relationship:
substituting formula (8) into formula (c) yields:
and ninthly, the following formula: etaLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionAnd rhoBall with ball-shaped section、ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection、rBall with ball-shaped sectionG, θ and
in connection with, where ρBall with ball-shaped section、ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionAnd rBall with ball-shaped sectionCan be measured beforehand and used as a known quantity, g can be obtained by looking up a table, theta and
measured by the device of the invention.
The invention relates to a method for measuring the viscosity of liquid, which only needs to measure the flow rate of the liquid
And the deflection angle theta of the suspension line of the small sphere, namely the viscosity eta of the liquid can be calculated by using the formulaLiquid for treating urinary tract infection. If the device related to the invention is put into a temperature-variable device, the liquid viscosity eta under different temperature conditions can be measuredLiquid for treating urinary tract infection。
Accurate measurement of liquid flow rate
And the angle of deflection theta of the bead suspension is the key to the method of measuring the viscosity of a liquid to which the present invention relates. The high-precision flowmeter can accurately measure the flow velocity of liquid in the pipeline, and the marked lines on the transparent measuring pipeline can visually and accurately read the angle of the suspension line of the small ball.
Example 4:
the transparent measuring tube is made of PVC material, the inner diameter is 20.00mm, and the outer diameter is 25.00 mm.
The test pellet is agate pellet with radius of 1.889mm and density of 2647kg/m3。
The liquid to be measured is sucrose aqueous solution with the mass percent of 50 wt% (5kg of sucrose and 5kg of water) and the density of 1229kg/m3The viscosity was 15.54 mPas (20 ℃ C.).
The liquid flow rate can be controlled by the regulating valve, and meanwhile, the value can be directly read by an instrument (a flowmeter connected with a pipeline can be selected, and an externally connected ultrasonic flowmeter can also be selected).
During testing, the liquid flow rate is adjusted to be suitable for the size, the length of the suspension line of the small ball is adjusted, the small ball is stabilized on the central axis of the transparent measuring tube, the liquid flow rate and the deflection angle of the suspension line of the small ball are recorded at the moment, and the detailed data are as follows:
the specific calculation process of the liquid kinematic viscosity of the 50 wt% sucrose aqueous solution is as follows:
the kinematic viscosity of the liquid thus measured was 16.11mPa · s, and the kinematic viscosity error of the liquid from the measurement result in the standard state was 3.7%.
Example 5:
the transparent measuring pipeline is made of PVC materials, the inner diameter is 20.00mm, and the outer diameter is 25.00 mm.
The test pellet is agate pellet with radius of 1.889mm and density of 2647kg/m3。。
The liquid to be measured is sucrose aqueous solution with the mass percent of 55 wt% (5.5kg of sucrose and 4.5kg of water) and the density of 1257kg/m3The viscosity was 28.28 mPas (20 ℃ C.).
The liquid flow rate can be controlled by the regulating valve, and meanwhile, the value can be directly read by an instrument (a flowmeter connected with a pipeline can be selected, and an externally connected ultrasonic flowmeter can also be selected).
During testing, the liquid flow rate is adjusted to be suitable for the size, the length of the suspension line of the small ball is adjusted, the small ball is stabilized on the central axis of the transparent measuring pipeline, the liquid flow rate and the deflection angle of the suspension line of the small ball are recorded at the moment, and the detailed data are as follows:
the liquid kinematic viscosity of the 55 wt% sucrose aqueous solution is calculated by the following specific process:
example 6:
the transparent measuring pipeline is made of PVC materials, the inner diameter is 20.00mm, and the outer diameter is 25.00 mm.
The test pellet is agate pellet with radius of 1.889mm and density of 2647kg/m3。
The liquid to be measured is sucrose aqueous solution with the mass percent of 60 wt% (6kg of sucrose and 4kg of water) and the density of 1286kg/m3The viscosity was 58.93 mPas (20 ℃ C.).
The liquid flow rate can be controlled by the regulating valve, and meanwhile, the value can be directly read by an instrument (a flowmeter connected with a pipeline can be selected, and an externally connected ultrasonic flowmeter can also be selected).
During testing, the liquid flow rate is adjusted to be suitable for the size, the length of the suspension line of the small ball is adjusted, the small ball is stabilized on the central axis of the transparent measuring pipeline, the liquid flow rate and the deflection angle of the suspension line of the small ball are recorded at the moment, and the detailed data are as follows:
the specific calculation process of the liquid kinematic viscosity of the 60 wt% sucrose aqueous solution is as follows:
the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A liquid viscosity measuring device characterized by: the device comprises a liquid storage mechanism, wherein a water outlet (7) and a water inlet (9) are arranged on the liquid storage mechanism, and a pipeline measuring assembly is connected between the water outlet (7) and the water inlet (9); pipeline measurement subassembly is including surveying buret (12) and extension pipe (14), and the both ends of surveying buret (12) all are connected with extension pipe (14), and extension pipe (14) are connected with delivery port (7), water inlet (9) respectively, and are equipped with flowmeter (17) between extension pipe (14) and delivery port (7), survey buret (12) and extend and be equipped with rectification pipeline (13) between pipe (14), survey buret (12) in-connection have suspension (19), be connected with bobble (18) on suspension (19).
2. The liquid viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: liquid storage mechanism includes cistern (2), is equipped with water tank (4) on cistern (2), be provided with liquid adjusting part between cistern (2) and water tank (4), delivery port (7) set up on water tank (4), and water inlet (9) set up on cistern (2).
3. The liquid viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: the liquid adjusting assembly comprises a water suction pump (1) and an adjusting pipe (6), the water suction pump (1) is arranged in the reservoir (2), and a water inlet pipe (3) connected with the water tank (4) is arranged on the water suction pump (1); the adjusting pipe (6) is arranged at the lower part of the water tank (4) and is communicated with the reservoir (2); a plurality of bubble removing partition plates (5) are arranged in the water tank (4).
4. The liquid viscosity measurement device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: an adjusting valve (15) is arranged between the water outlet (7) and the extension pipe (14), the adjusting valve (15) and the flowmeter (17) are both connected with the pipeline (10), and an adapter (16) connected with the extension pipe (14) is arranged on the pipeline (10); and valves (8) are arranged on the water outlet (7) and the water inlet (9).
5. The liquid viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: the suspension wire (19) is a light fine wire; the measuring tube (12) is a transparent measuring pipeline.
6. A measuring method of a liquid viscosity measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1: when the liquid in the measuring pipe (12) performs laminar movement and the flow rate of the liquid is stable, the small ball (18) hung in the measuring pipe (12) is positioned on the central axis of the measuring pipe (12), and the average flow rate of the liquid in the measuring pipe (12) is obtained through the flow meter (17)
S2: when the liquid makes laminar flow movement, the flow velocity of the liquid on the central axis of the measuring tube (12) is equal to twice of the average flow velocity of the liquid, namely
Eighthly, the deflection angle of the small ball (18) relative to the initial state is theta, and the small ball (18) in the step S1 is subjected to viscous force f exerted by the liquid in the horizontal directionGlue stickAnd tension F exerted by the suspension wirePulling deviceThe small ball (18) is subjected to a buoyancy force F in the vertical directionFloating bodyTension F exerted by suspension wirePulling deviceVertical component of force and gravity G of the pellet itselfBall with ball-shaped section；
S3: the small ball (18) is positioned on the central axis and is stressed in a balanced manner in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the small ball (18) reaches a balanced state, and the kinematic viscosity of the liquid is calculated according to a stress balance formula.
7. The measuring method of the liquid viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: in step S2, the small ball (18) in the measuring tube (12) is subjected to viscous force f exerted by liquid according to Stokes' lawGlue stick：fSticking machine＝6πηLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionvLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionrBall with ball-shaped section ①
Wherein r isBall with ball-shaped sectionIs the radius, eta, of the bead (18)Liquid for treating urinary tract infectionIs the kinematic viscosity of the liquid;
the pellets (18) being subjected to a liquid-applied buoyancy force FFloating body：
FFloating body＝ρLiquid for medical purposeVBall with ball-shaped sectiong ②
Where ρ isLiquid for medical purposeIs the density of a liquid, VBall with ball-shaped sectionIs the volume of the small ball (18),g is the acceleration of gravity;
gravity G of the pellet 18 itselfBall with ball-shaped section：
GBall with ball-shaped section＝ρBall with ball-shaped sectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong ③
Wherein ρBall with ball-shaped sectionIs the density of the pellets (18).
8. The measuring method of the liquid viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: when the small ball (18) reaches the balance state in the step S3, the vertical stress of the small ball (18) satisfies the following conditions:
Fpulling devicecosθ+ρLiquid for medical purposeVBall with ball-shaped sectiong＝ρBall with ball-shaped sectionVBall with ball-shaped sectiong ④
When the small ball (18) reaches the equilibrium state, the following conditions are satisfied in the horizontal direction:
Fpulling devicesinθ＝6πηLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionvLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionrBall with ball-shaped section ⑤
Calculating the kinematic viscosity eta of the liquid according to the formulasLiquid for medical purpose：
Wherein the volume of the small ball (18) is
Substituting the r into formula:
9. the measuring method of the liquid viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: will be in step S2
Substituting into formula (c) to obtain the kinematic viscosity of the liquid:
10. the measuring method of the liquid viscosity measuring apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that: and further obtaining the dynamic viscosity of the liquid according to the kinematic viscosity of the liquid: mu.sLiquid for treating urinary tract infection＝ηLiquid for treating urinary tract infection×ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection。
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Application publication date: 20220524 Assignee: Jiangsu anluoda Electric Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Zhengzhou University of light industry Contract record no.: X2025980043354 Denomination of invention: A method and device for measuring the viscosity of a liquid Granted publication date: 20241126 License type: Common License Record date: 20251210 |