CN114517662B - Linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction system and method - Google Patents
Linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 8
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/126—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/008—Monitoring of down-hole pump systems, e.g. for the detection of "pumped-off" conditions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
The invention discloses a linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction system and a method, wherein the oil extraction system comprises a driving motor, steering lifting mechanisms and a control mechanism, wherein the driving motor is connected with two or more steering lifting mechanisms through a transmission speed change mechanism, the driving motor controls the work of the two or more steering lifting mechanisms through the transmission speed change mechanism, and each steering lifting mechanism is arranged corresponding to one oil well, and the method comprises the following steps: the first step, the configuration of an oil extraction system; secondly, constructing an installation foundation; thirdly, installing the central connecting line at 5-10 degrees; fourthly, carrying out oil extraction production by the two steering lifting mechanisms; fifthly, the underground rod column loads are balanced; step six, engaging a clutch between the output shaft and the rotary shaft of the roller; seventh, when one well is repaired, the other well works normally. The beneficial effects are that: the equipment cost is reduced, a large amount of steel is saved, the energy conservation and consumption reduction are effectively realized, and the maintenance is easy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultra-long stroke oil extraction system and method, in particular to a linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction system and method.
Background
At present, low-permeability petroleum resources are widely distributed and have large reserves, and according to the third oil gas evaluation result developed by related departments, the low-permeability petroleum resources are widely distributed in various large basins, and the distant view resource quantity is 537 multiplied by 10 lambda 8t, which accounts for 49% of the total national petroleum distant view resource quantity. The medium-petroleum low-permeability resources account for more than 65% of the total resources; in the residual petroleum resources, the low-permeability petroleum resources are more than 75%, the development technology of cluster wells of low-permeability oil fields is mature, the new number of wells drilled in China is about 2 ten thousand wells, 60% of the wells are inclined wells, more than 7000 cluster wells of long-term celebration oil fields and Daqing oil fields are used in the year 2000, more than 95% of capacity construction represented by the long-term celebration oil fields adopts a cluster well group development mode, the accumulated reduction land is 40 ten thousand mu, and the single well field is combined with 8.7 wells.
The cluster well has the following technical advantages of developing a low permeability oilfield:
Land resources are saved, development difficulty is reduced, exploitation efficiency is improved, and economic benefit is improved;
investment is reduced by the industrial drilling and completion technology;
The whole casing fracturing modification technology of the factory reservoir realizes the maximization of the single well yield of the low permeability oilfield;
the well station integrated construction optimizes and simplifies the ground gathering and transportation process;
lays a foundation for realizing a new mode of electronic patrol, remote monitoring, intelligent management, development, production and management for the oil well.
The development difficulty of the low permeability oil field is reduced, and the exploitation efficiency and economic benefit are improved;
At present, low permeability oil field oil extraction technology is developed, and a single-machine single-well development mode is still adopted for cluster well development by adopting a beam pumping unit or a tower-type beam-free pumping unit. The problems of high equipment cost, large steel demand, low system efficiency, high energy consumption and the like are compared with the current situation of low oil price and low productivity in the current petroleum industry and the implementation of the strategy of cost reduction and synergy, so that the development and construction of low-permeability oil fields are seriously restricted. Therefore, research on how to effectively utilize the characteristics of the low-permeability oil field and the cluster well, research and development of a cluster well linkage artificial lifting mechanical oil extraction technology corresponding to the characteristics of the cluster well, realize that two or more wells are driven by one motor to be extracted simultaneously, effectively realize energy conservation and consumption reduction, improve the system efficiency, further improve the economic benefit of low-permeability oil field development by using the cluster well, and have important significance.
In addition, low permeability fields are found in many foreign oil producing countries, and the number of cluster wells drilled is gradually increasing. The cluster well linkage oil extraction technology mainly comprises the following steps: two or more wells are produced simultaneously by using one pumping unit, and the focus is on: the labor cost is reduced, and the research focus for the pumping unit is mainly on the two aspects of modularized design and digital management technology of the pumping unit.
Domestic single machine multi-well linkage oil extraction technology:
The main time is double-well pumping unit and single-machine multi-well pumping unit, the tower type one-machine double-well pumping unit and the conventional crank two-way balance beam type double-horsehead double-well pumping unit have technical advantages in the aspects of input cost, occupied area, production parameter adjustment, maintenance, safety and the like, and have the problems respectively, and the method is as follows:
Cluster well load mutual balance energy-saving oil pumping system, patent number: ZL200920032163.2, has the problems: the balance between wells is realized by determining the phase angle of each pumping unit through analysis and calculation of a tester and a computer, and the balance between wells is realized by setting and adjusting the phase angle of each pumping unit. Therefore, the pumping unit has poor operability, the single-well oil extraction equipment is reduced by only one motor, a transmission case is added, and the whole manufacturing cost is equivalent to that of a conventional pumping unit.
The multi-well flexible linkage pumping unit for cluster wells has a patent number of CN201120069943.1, and a first prototype performs field test in an extended field glycation oil extraction factory from 2012. After the machine has completed the indoor test in 2012, the field test is completed in the Gangepost oil extraction plant. There are problems: the chain serving as the main stress element bears larger oil well load, frequent reciprocating motion has larger influence on the service life of the chain, and the chain has poorer reliability, is easy to fatigue crack and break and has shorter service life from the aspect of field use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the existing cluster well in the production process and provides a linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction system and method.
The invention provides a linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction system which comprises a driving motor, steering lifting mechanisms and a control mechanism, wherein the driving motor is connected with two or more steering lifting mechanisms through a transmission speed change mechanism, the driving motor controls the two or more steering lifting mechanisms to work through the transmission speed change mechanism, each steering lifting mechanism is arranged corresponding to an oil well, each steering lifting mechanism is connected with a sucker rod in the oil well through a flexible sucker rod and drives the sucker rod to work, and the control mechanism is connected with the driving motor and controls the driving motor to work.
The driving motor is a variable frequency speed regulating motor, the transmission speed changing mechanism is a speed reducer, the driving motor and the transmission speed changing mechanism are assembled on the first truss, a sliding rail is arranged on the first truss, a first pulley is assembled on the sliding rail, the first pulley can move along the sliding rail, the driving motor and the transmission speed changing mechanism are assembled on the first pulley and synchronously move with the first pulley, a first steering wheel is hung at the bottom of the first pulley, the first pulley can move along the sliding rail arranged on the first truss in a directional manner through the first steering wheel, an electromagnetic brake is connected to a tail shaft of the driving motor, the electromagnetic brake is connected with the control mechanism and controlled to work by the control mechanism, a foundation fixed connecting piece is assembled at the bottom of the first truss, and the first truss can be fixed on a foundation through the foundation fixed connecting piece.
The transmission speed change mechanism is connected with an input shaft and output shafts with the corresponding quantity of the steering lifting mechanisms, the transmission speed change mechanism is connected with a transmission shaft of the driving motor through the input shaft, the transmission speed change mechanism is connected with a rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism through the output shaft, and the output shaft on the transmission speed change mechanism drives the rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism to synchronously rotate.
Every turns to elevating system and all establishes on the second truss, also be provided with the slide rail on the second truss, be equipped with the second coaster on the slide rail, the second coaster can slide on the slide rail on the second truss, turn to elevating system and assemble on the second coaster and carry out synchronous motion with the second coaster, the bottom of second coaster is hung and is equipped with the second directional wheel, can make the second coaster follow the slide rail on the second truss through the second directional wheel and orient and remove, slide rail one end that sets up on the second truss is equipped with travel switch, travel switch is connected with control mechanism, travel switch can give control mechanism with the real-time transmission of data of gathering, turn to elevating system including pivot and cylinder, the cylinder cover is established in the pivot and is rotated in step with the pivot, the one end of cylinder is equipped with the clamp type stopper, stop and the rotation that can control the cylinder through the clamp type stopper, the one end of pivot is connected with the output shaft on the transmission gear, be close to the pivot of universal joint shaft coupling position is equipped with the clutch, open and shut with the output shaft orientation along the slide rail on the second truss through clutch control, travel switch is connected with the first truss of pivot and bearing support on first bearing seat, first side of the first truss and encoder, the encoder can be assembled with the first encoder and the encoder in real-time transmission of data, the first truss bottom is equipped with the first encoder.
The rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism is a hollow shaft, a nut is fixedly connected in the hollow shaft and synchronously rotates with the rotating shaft, a screw rod is screwed in the nut, the outer end of the screw rod is fixed on a second support on the second truss, the rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism can drive a first pulley and a second pulley to move along the orientation of the sliding rails on the first truss and the second truss respectively under the guiding action of the screw rod, and a telescopic sleeve is sleeved at the outer end of the screw rod.
The two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism are symmetrically provided with two steering lifting mechanisms, the included angle between the central lines of the output shafts on the two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism and the central connecting line of the two oil wells is more than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees, the distance between the two oil well heads is 5-8 meters, each roller on each steering lifting mechanism is wound with a flexible pumping polished rod, the flexible pumping polished rods on the two rollers are reversely wound, and the two rollers can enable the two reversely wound flexible pumping polished rods to move in opposite directions in the synchronous rotation process.
The control mechanism comprises a programmable controller PLC, a human-computer interface and a remote data transmission unit, wherein the human-computer interface and the remote data transmission unit are both connected with the programmable controller PLC, the programmable controller PLC is connected with a driving motor, a frequency converter is assembled on a connecting line of the programmable controller PLC and the driving motor, the frequency converter receives instructions of the programmable controller PLC to control the work of the driving motor, the programmable controller PLC is also respectively connected with a travel switch, an encoder, a load sensor and an electromagnetic brake, the travel switch, the encoder and the load sensor can transmit collected data to the programmable controller PLC in real time, the programmable controller PLC controls the work of the electromagnetic brake, the programmable controller PLC can display the collected data through the human-computer interface, the human-computer interface is used for setting working parameters and displaying the running data of the whole system, the remote data transmission unit consists of communication equipment, an antenna and a standby power supply, and the remote data transmission unit utilizes a wireless data transmission system to send load data, displacement data, running parameters and fault alarm data information to a mobile phone or a computer terminal of a user, and simultaneously the user can also utilize the mobile phone or the computer to remotely control the operation of the oil extraction system.
The flexible oil pumping polished rod wound on the roller in the steering lifting mechanism is a steel wire rope, the lower end of the steel wire rope is connected with a sealing plunger in an inner working barrel arranged in the oil extraction system, the sealing plunger is driven by the steel wire rope to move up and down to perform oil pumping operation, an outer working barrel is sleeved outside the inner working barrel, an annular channel is formed between the inner working barrel and the outer working barrel, an oil pipe four-way is arranged at the top of the outer working barrel, the inner working barrel is inserted in the oil pipe four-way, a backflow one-way valve is assembled in an annular space between the oil pipe four-way and the inner working barrel, an inlet of the backflow one-way valve is communicated with an inner cavity of the inner working barrel, and an outlet of the backflow one-way valve is communicated with the oil pipe four-way.
The lower extreme of wire rope is equipped with wire rope sleeve joint spare with sealed plunger junction, and wire rope sleeve joint spare's upper portion is equipped with wire rope backward flow polished rod, and the top of oil pipe cross is connected with backward flow polished rod packing box, installs wire rope in backward flow polished rod packing box from last to installing in proper order down and scrapes oil tanker, packing compensation spring and backward flow polished rod packing.
The driving motor, the travel switch, the clutch, the encoder, the load sensor, the caliper brake, the programmable logic controller PLC, the man-machine interface and the remote data transmission unit are all assembled by the existing equipment, so that specific models and specifications are not repeated.
The invention provides a linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
Firstly, configuring an oil extraction system according to the given pump-down depth and the drainage volume of an oil well;
Secondly, constructing installation foundations of a first truss and a second truss on site according to the design requirements of an oil field, installing the first truss and the second truss, and respectively assembling a driving motor, a transmission speed change mechanism and a steering lifting mechanism on the first truss and the second truss after the first truss and the second truss are installed;
Thirdly, when the two steering lifting mechanisms are assembled, the steel wire ropes wound on the rollers of the two steering lifting mechanisms are different in rope outlet direction, when the system device is installed on site, the axis of the output shaft and the central connecting line of the two well heads form 5-10 degrees, and the distance between the two well heads on the ground is 5-8 m;
determining the minimum stroke length allowed by different pump hanging depths according to the stroke loss ratio of the oil well pump not more than 10%, calculating the liquid extraction amount of the system through Q=360 pi D2 eta n x S, for a given displacement system, increasing the stroke and the pump diameter of the oil well pump can reduce the stroke frequency of the oil well pump, adopting a pumping process of long stroke, low stroke frequency and larger pump diameter, driving two steering lifting mechanisms to carry out oil extraction production by using one power source, enabling the stroke and the stroke number of two wells to be consistent, and under the condition that the liquid extraction amount requirement of one well cannot be met under the condition that the pumping speed SN of the long stroke and the low stroke number is maximum, producing the two wells by adopting different pump diameters, and enabling the high-yield liquid well to adopt larger pump diameter to meet the liquid extraction requirement;
fifthly, balancing the system device in a way that the underground rod string loads of the two wells are balanced, wherein the balancing rate is 90% or more;
step six, driving two sets of steering lifting mechanisms by one set of power source to carry out oil well oil extraction production, debugging one by one when commissioning is carried out, wherein one well stays at a top dead center while the other well stays at a bottom dead center when debugging is carried out, and engaging a clutch between an output shaft and a rotary shaft of a roller after the debugging is finished;
And seventh, driving two sets of steering lifting mechanisms by one set of power source to carry out oil extraction production, wherein when one well is subjected to well workover operation, the rotating shaft and the output shaft are separated by a clutch between the output shaft and the rotating shaft of the roller, the device is moved out of the well head by more than 700cm to meet the requirement of the oil well workover operation, and the other well is kept in normal working production without influence.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
The control mechanism in the linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction system and the method provided by the invention judges displacement information acquired by the encoder and the travel switch through logic analysis of the control mechanism, controls the driving motor to rotate forward and backward to drive the double-wing output shaft of the transmission speed change mechanism to drive the rollers in the two sets of steering lifting mechanisms to output forward and backward, and the steel wire ropes wound on the two rollers do up-and-down reciprocating motion along with the forward and backward rotation of the rollers.
The invention designs that the travelling distance of the trolley is the roller rope groove pitch when the nut rotates for each circle, and a steel wire rope wound on the roller pulls an underground sucker rod and a rod oil pump to do reciprocating motion so as to finish the mutual balance oil extraction lifting of two oil wells driven by the same power source.
The encoder is assembled on a bearing support at one side of the roller, the output of the encoder is connected to a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) in the control mechanism, the direction of the pulse received by the encoder is judged and counted in the PLC, the counting result is in direct proportion to the length of the steel wire rope wound on the roller, namely the displacement length of the up-down stroke of the steel wire rope is measured, the forward rotation or the reverse rotation of the driving motor is controlled according to the corresponding logic relation, and the up-down stroke of the pumping unit and the synchronous rope arrangement reversing action of the roller are realized.
When the control mechanism measures the indicator diagram, the remote data transmission unit starts to start, the load sensor starts to detect the change of the underground load of the up-down stroke of the oil well, the load signal is transmitted to the programmable controller PLC, the programmable controller PLC sends data to the remote data transmission unit through the wired or wireless communication module, the displacement of the steel wire rope calculated by the output signal of the encoder is paired with the change of the underground load measured by the load sensor, and when one stroke cycle is finished, the load and displacement relation curve, namely the indicator diagram of the oil well is measured.
The man-machine interface is connected with the programmable controller PLC and is used for setting working parameters and displaying the running data of the whole pumping unit system. The remote data transmission unit is connected with the programmable controller PLC, and remote control of the system can be realized through wireless signal transmission.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction system and the method provided by the invention can effectively utilize the characteristics of a low-permeability oil field and a cluster well, develop a cluster well linkage artificial lifting mechanical oil extraction technology corresponding to the characteristics of the cluster well, realize that two or more wells are driven by one motor to be simultaneously extracted, reduce equipment cost, save a large amount of steel, effectively realize energy conservation and consumption reduction, improve system efficiency, further improve economic benefit of low-permeability oil field development by using the cluster well, and have important significance.
The invention can realize that two wells are driven simultaneously by a set of power source and a transmission speed change system, the stroke length of the pumping unit is only related to the number of turns of a roller steel wire rope wound on a roller and the axial movement distance of a trolley, is unrelated to other mechanism parameters of the pumping unit, fully utilizes the land area between the two wells, can be installed and used by the effective distance of the two oil well heads within 5-8m, reduces the occupied area of the pumping unit, reduces the well head support and pulleys of the ultra-long stroke pumping unit by a vertical structure, and synchronously axially slides along the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the truss platform track of the pumping unit under the drive of a rope arrangement reversing traction mechanism, and ensures that the steel wire rope is always positioned at the center of the well head as a pumping polished rod;
The technical scheme provided by the invention realizes the mutual balance of up and down strokes by utilizing the two-port suspension point load, the balance rate reaches 100%, the energy-saving effect is better, and the technical bottleneck problems of unbalanced and poor energy-saving effect of the ultra-long stroke pumping unit, especially the pumping unit with more than 10 types are effectively solved;
The technical scheme provided by the invention replaces the high towers of the four-bar and tower type pumping units of the beam pumping unit, the rotation operation characteristic of the roller is utilized to realize the conversion of the rotation motion of the prime motor into the linear motion, the winding wire rope is wound in different rotation directions, the up-and-down reciprocating opposite motion of the two oil well down-hole sucker rod oil pumps is realized under the condition that the roller rotates in the same direction, the opposite motion adjustment operation is convenient and simple, the oil pumping unit can be installed and used at the included angle sigma of the connecting line between the central line of the transmission shaft and the central line of the two oil well heads of less than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees, and meanwhile, the electric control and mechanical reversing electromechanical integrated design is adopted, so that the transmission and conversion mechanism of the pumping unit is simpler, the transmission links are fewer, the failure rate is low, reliable and durable, and the maintenance is easy.
The technical scheme provided by the invention realizes that the special steel wire rope for petroleum is used for replacing the existing steel wire rope which adopts a special process to entirely cover the outer layer of the steel wire rope main body with a wear-resistant composite material to be used as an oil pumping polished rod, and the steel wire rope is provided with a downhole sealer, so that the model breakthrough of a vertical ultra-long stroke (more than 10 m) oil pumping machine is realized by more than 10 types, the problems of large mechanical oil extraction stroke loss and low efficiency of a deep well and a medium deep well by using the existing rod pump are solved, and the effective development and utilization of oil layer burial depth and low-permeability difficult-to-extract reserves are satisfied.
The intelligent control and internet of things combined design is adopted, so that the oil pumping unit is simple, convenient and easy to use and operate, and oil extraction production management is realized; the traditional oil extraction production management mode is changed;
the system provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure is firm, the lubrication points are few, the balance adjustment and the impact adjustment are not needed, the belt pulley replacement is realized, the intelligent prompt management of the fastening and the lubrication maintenance is realized, when one oil well is subjected to workover operation, the system can be separated from the other oil well through the jaw clutch between the transmission shaft and the roller shaft, the other oil well can be normally produced without being influenced by the jaw clutch, the parameter adjustment is convenient, the man-machine conversation operation of the intelligent control system of the oil pumping machine is finished, the balance adjustment, the impact resistance and the automatic test of the indicator diagram are not needed, the labor intensity of workers and the safety risk of use and operation are effectively reduced, and the structure of post operators is optimized and simplified.
The safety coefficient of the pumping polished rod is improved, the safety coefficient of the pumping polished rod is calculated according to rated load to reach more than 3.5, the safety coefficient meets the safety use standard, the model can reach more than 10 types, and the requirements of development and production of medium and deep wells are met.
The system provided by the invention effectively prolongs the service life of the underground rod pipe of the ground equipment, reduces the maximum load of the suspension point, increases the minimum load, reduces the fluctuation of the load of the suspension point, effectively reduces the radial eccentric wear force, effectively reduces the fatigue damage and the eccentric wear degree of the sucker rod, prolongs the service life of the pipe rod, also reduces the running wear of the ground equipment, and prolongs the service life of the ground equipment.
The working state of the existing beam pumping unit is as follows, calculated by the daily output of the oil well of 5 tons and the pump efficiency of 60 percent: the 2880 cycle was run on a single day with a stroke of 4.2 meters, a pump diameter of 32 millimeters, and a number of strokes of 2 times/minute. The system provided by the invention has the working states that: the 192 cycle period was run a day with a stroke of 30 meters, a pump diameter of 44 millimeters, and a stroke number of 8 times/hour. The number of circulating reciprocations of the existing beam pumping unit is 15 times of that of the system provided by the invention.
The intelligent control system provided by the invention can form a closed-loop control system of the oil pumping unit, and effectively solves the matching problem of two capacities of mechanical oil extraction: firstly, how much liquid can infiltrate into the oil well every day; secondly, the amount of liquid permeated into the oil well needs pumping parameter combination of how large the displacement is needed to lift the oil well to the ground, so that essential energy conservation is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of an oil recovery system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the oil recovery system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the transmission shaft and the center line of two wellhead according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the connection of a flexible sucker rod to an oil well according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the steel wire rope and the sealing plunger according to the invention.
The labels in the above figures are as follows:
1. Drive motor 2, steering lifting mechanism 3, control mechanism 4 and transmission speed change mechanism
5. Flexible pumping polish rod 6, first truss 7, first pulley 8 and first directional wheel
9. An electromagnetic brake 10, an input shaft 11, an output shaft 12, a rotating shaft 13 and a second truss
14. A second pulley 15, a second directional wheel 16, a travel switch 17, a roller 18, and a caliper brake
19. Universal joint coupling 20, clutch 21, first support 22, encoder
23. Load sensor 24, nut 25, lead screw 26, second support 27, telescopic sleeve
28. Programmable controller PLC 29, man-machine interface 30, remote data transmission unit
31. Inner working cylinder 32, sealing plunger 33, outer working cylinder 34 and oil pipe four-way joint
35. Reflux one-way valve 36, wire rope sleeve 37 and wire rope reflux polished rod
38. Reflux polished rod packing box 39, wire rope oil scraping wheel 40 and packing compensating spring
41. Reflux polished rod packing 42, frequency converter.
Detailed Description
Please refer to fig. 1 to 5:
The invention provides a linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction system which comprises a driving motor 1, steering lifting mechanisms 2 and a control mechanism 3, wherein the driving motor 1 is connected with two or a plurality of steering lifting mechanisms 2 through a transmission speed change mechanism 4, the driving motor 1 controls the work of the two or a plurality of steering lifting mechanisms 2 through the transmission speed change mechanism 4, each steering lifting mechanism 2 is arranged corresponding to an oil well, each steering lifting mechanism 2 is connected with a sucker rod in the oil well through a flexible sucker rod 5 and drives the sucker rod to work, and the control mechanism 3 is connected with the driving motor 1 and controls the work of the driving motor 1.
The driving motor 1 is a variable frequency speed regulating motor, the transmission speed changing mechanism 4 is a speed reducer, the driving motor 1 and the transmission speed changing mechanism 4 are assembled on the first truss 6, a sliding rail is arranged on the first truss 6, a first pulley 7 is assembled on the sliding rail, the first pulley 7 can move along the sliding rail, the driving motor 1 and the transmission speed changing mechanism 4 are assembled on the first pulley 7 and synchronously move with the first pulley 7, a first directional wheel 8 is hung at the bottom of the first pulley 7, the first pulley 7 can move along the sliding rail arranged on the first truss 6 in a directional manner through the first directional wheel 8, an electromagnetic brake 9 is connected on a tail shaft of the driving motor 1, the electromagnetic brake 9 is connected with the control mechanism 3 and is controlled to work by the control mechanism 3, a foundation fixed connecting piece is assembled at the bottom of the first truss 6, and the first truss 6 can be fixed on a foundation through the foundation fixed connecting piece.
The transmission speed change mechanism 4 is connected with an input shaft 10 and output shafts 11 corresponding to the steering lifting mechanisms 2 in number, the transmission speed change mechanism 4 is connected with a transmission shaft of the driving motor 1 through the input shaft 10, the transmission speed change mechanism 4 is connected with a rotating shaft 12 of the steering lifting mechanisms 2 through the output shafts 11, and the output shafts 11 on the transmission speed change mechanism 4 drive the rotating shaft 12 of the steering lifting mechanisms 2 to synchronously rotate.
Each steering lifting mechanism 2 is arranged on a second truss 13, a sliding rail is also arranged on the second truss 13, a second pulley 14 is assembled on the sliding rail, the second pulley 14 can slide on the sliding rail on the second truss 13, the steering lifting mechanisms 2 are assembled on the second pulley 14 and synchronously move with the second pulley 14, a second directional wheel 15 is hung at the bottom of the second pulley 14, the second pulley 14 can directionally move along the sliding rail on the second truss 13 through the second directional wheel 15, one end of the sliding rail arranged on the second truss 13 is provided with a travel switch 16, the travel switch 16 is connected with the control mechanism 3, the travel switch 16 can transmit collected data to the control mechanism 3 in real time, the steering lifting mechanisms 2 comprise a rotating shaft 12 and a roller 17, the roller 17 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 12 and synchronously rotates with the rotating shaft 12, one end of the roller 17 is provided with a clamp brake 18, the stopping and the rotation of the roller 17 can be controlled through the clamp brake 18, one end of the rotating shaft 12 is connected with the output shaft 11 on the transmission speed change mechanism 4 through a universal joint coupling 19, a clutch 20 is arranged on the rotating shaft 12 near the universal joint coupling 19, the opening and the closing of the rotating shaft 12 and the output shaft 11 are controlled through the clutch 20, the rotating shaft 12 is fixedly connected on a first support 21 on a second pulley 14 through a bearing and a bearing seat, one side of the first support 21 is provided with an encoder 22, the bottom of the first support 21 is provided with a load sensor 23, the encoder 22 and the load sensor 23 are both connected with the control mechanism 3, the encoder 22 and the load sensor 23 can transmit collected data to the control mechanism 3 in real time, the bottom of the second truss 13 is provided with rollers, the second truss 13 can be moved within the basic range of the second truss 13.
The rotating shaft 12 of the steering lifting mechanism 2 is a hollow shaft, a nut 24 is fixedly connected in the hollow shaft, the nut 24 and the rotating shaft 12 synchronously rotate, a screw rod 25 is screwed in the nut 24, the outer end of the screw rod 25 is fixed on a second support 26 on the second truss 13, the rotating shaft 12 of the steering lifting mechanism 2 can drive the first pulley 7 and the second pulley 14 to move along the orientation of sliding rails on the first truss 6 and the second truss 13 respectively under the guiding action of the screw rod 25, and a telescopic sleeve 27 is sleeved at the outer end of the screw rod 25.
The two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism 4 are symmetrically provided with two steering lifting mechanisms 2, the included angle between the central lines of the output shafts 11 on the two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism 4 and the central connecting line of the two oil wells is more than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees, the distance between the two oil well heads is 5-8 meters, the flexible pumping polished rod 5 is wound on each roller 17 on each steering lifting mechanism 2, the flexible pumping polished rod 5 on the two rollers 17 is reversely wound, and the two rollers 17 can enable the reversely wound two parts of flexible pumping polished rods 5 to move in opposite directions in the synchronous rotation process.
The control mechanism 3 comprises a programmable controller PLC28, a human-computer interface 29 and a remote data transmission unit 30, wherein the human-computer interface 29 and the remote data transmission unit 30 are connected with the programmable controller PLC28, the programmable controller PLC28 is connected with the driving motor 1, a frequency converter 42 is assembled on a connecting line of the programmable controller PLC28 and the driving motor 1, the frequency converter 42 receives instructions of the programmable controller PLC28 to control the operation of the driving motor 1, the programmable controller PLC28 is also respectively connected with the travel switch 16, the encoder 22, the load sensor 23 and the electromagnetic brake 9, the travel switch 16, the encoder 22 and the load sensor 23 can transmit collected data to the programmable controller PLC28 in real time, the programmable controller PLC28 controls the operation of the electromagnetic brake 9, the programmable controller PLC28 can display the collected data through the human-computer interface 29, the human-computer interface 29 is used for setting operating parameters and displaying operating data of the whole system, the remote data transmission unit 30 consists of communication equipment, an antenna and a standby power supply, the remote data transmission unit 30 can transmit load data, displacement data and fault operating parameters to a mobile phone or a mobile phone computer by utilizing a wireless data transmission system, and the mobile phone can also transmit fault data to a remote computer or a user to an alarm system.
The flexible pumping polish rod 5 wound on the roller 17 in the steering lifting mechanism 2 is a steel wire rope, the lower end of the steel wire rope is connected with a sealing plunger 32 in an inner working barrel 31 arranged in the oil extraction system, the sealing plunger 32 moves up and down under the drive of the steel wire rope to perform pumping operation, an outer working barrel 33 is sleeved outside the inner working barrel 31, an annular channel is formed between the inner working barrel 31 and the outer working barrel 33, an oil pipe four-way joint 34 is arranged at the top of the outer working barrel 33, the inner working barrel 31 is inserted in the oil pipe four-way joint 34, a backflow one-way valve 35 is assembled in an annular space between the oil pipe four-way joint 34 and the inner working barrel 31, and the inlet of the backflow one-way valve 35 is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner working barrel 31, and the outlet of the backflow one-way valve 35 is communicated with the oil pipe four-way joint 34.
The lower extreme of wire rope is equipped with wire rope socket 36 with sealed plunger 32 junction, and wire rope socket 36's upper portion is equipped with wire rope backward flow polished rod 37, and the top of oil pipe cross 34 is connected with backward flow polished rod packing box 38, installs wire rope oil scraping wheel 39, packing compensation spring 40 and backward flow polished rod packing 41 from top to bottom in proper order in the backward flow polished rod packing box 38.
The driving motor 1, the travel switch 16, the clutch 20, the encoder 22, the load sensor 23, the caliper brake 18, the programmable controller PLC28, the man-machine interface 29 and the remote data transmission unit 30 are all assembled by the existing devices, and therefore, specific models and specifications are not repeated.
The invention provides a linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
Firstly, configuring an oil extraction system according to the given pump-down depth and the drainage volume of an oil well;
Secondly, constructing installation foundations of the first truss 6 and the second truss 13 on site according to the oil field design requirements, installing the first truss 6 and the second truss 13, and respectively assembling the driving motor 1, the transmission speed change mechanism 4 and the steering lifting mechanism 2 on the first truss 6 and the second truss 13 after the first truss 6 and the second truss 13 are installed;
And thirdly, when the two steering lifting mechanisms 2 are assembled, the steel wire ropes wound on the rollers 17 of the two steering lifting mechanisms 2 are different in rope outlet direction, and when the system device is installed on site, the axis of the output shaft 11 and the central connecting line of the two well heads form 5-10 degrees, and the distance between the two well heads on the ground is 5-8 m.
Determining the minimum stroke length allowed by different pump hanging depths according to the stroke loss ratio of the oil well pump not more than 10%, calculating the liquid extraction amount of the system through Q=360 pi D2 eta n x S, for a given displacement system, increasing the stroke and the pump diameter of the oil well pump can reduce the stroke frequency of the oil well pump, adopting a pumping process of long stroke, low stroke frequency and larger pump diameter, driving two steering lifting mechanisms 2 by using one power source to carry out oil extraction production, enabling the stroke and the stroke number of two wells to be consistent, and under the condition that the liquid extraction amount requirement of one well is still not met under the condition that the pumping speed SN of the long stroke and the low stroke number is maximum, producing the two wells by adopting different pump diameters, and enabling the high-yield liquid well to adopt larger pump diameter to meet the liquid extraction requirement;
fifthly, balancing the system device in a way that the underground rod string loads of the two wells are balanced, wherein the balancing rate is 90% or more;
Step six, driving two sets of steering lifting mechanisms 2 by one set of power source to carry out oil well oil extraction production, debugging one by one when commissioning is carried out, wherein one well stays at a top dead center and the other well must stay at a bottom dead center when debugging is carried out, and engaging a clutch 20 between an output shaft 11 and a rotating shaft 12 of a roller 17 after the debugging is finished;
And seventh, driving the two sets of steering lifting mechanisms 2 by one set of power source to carry out oil extraction production, wherein when one well is subjected to well workover, the rotating shaft 12 and the output shaft 11 are separated by a clutch 20 between the output shaft 11 and the rotating shaft 12 of the roller 17, the device is moved out of the well to be more than 700cm away from the well head to meet the requirement of the well workover, and the other well is kept in normal working production without influence.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
according to the linkage mutual balance vertical ultra-long stroke oil extraction system and method provided by the invention, the control mechanism 3 judges displacement information acquired by the encoder 22 and the travel switch 16 through logic analysis of the control mechanism 3, controls the driving motor 1 to rotate forward and backward to drive the double-wing output shaft 11 of the transmission speed change mechanism 4 to drive the rollers 17 in the two sets of steering lifting mechanisms 2 to output forward and backward, and the steel wire ropes wound on the two rollers 17 do up-and-down reciprocating motion along with forward and backward rotation of the rollers 17.
The invention designs that the travelling distance of the trolley is the pitch of rope grooves of the roller 17 when the nut 24 rotates for each circle, and a steel wire rope wound on the roller 17 pulls an underground sucker rod and a rod oil pump to do reciprocating motion so as to finish the mutual balance oil extraction lifting of two oil wells driven by the same power source.
The encoder 22 is assembled on a bearing support at one side of the roller 17, the output of the encoder 22 is connected to a programmable controller PLC28 in the control mechanism 3, the direction of the pulse received by the encoder 22 is judged and counted in an accumulated manner in the programmable controller PLC28, the counting result is in direct proportion to the length of the steel wire rope wound on the roller 17, namely the displacement length of the up-down stroke of the steel wire rope is measured, the forward rotation or the reverse rotation of the driving motor 1 is controlled according to the corresponding logic relation, and the up-down stroke of the pumping unit and the synchronous rope arrangement reversing action of the roller 17 are realized.
When the control mechanism 3 measures the indicator diagram, the remote data transmission unit 30 starts to start after the bottom dead center travel switch 16 is turned on, the load sensor 23 starts to detect the change of the underground load of the up and down strokes of the oil well, the load signal is transmitted to the programmable controller PLC28, the programmable controller PLC28 sends data to the remote data transmission unit 30 through a wired or wireless communication module, the displacement of the steel wire rope calculated by the output signal of the encoder 22 is paired with the change of the underground load measured by the load sensor 23, and when one stroke cycle is finished, the load and displacement relation curve, namely the indicator diagram of the oil well is measured.
The human-machine interface 29 is connected to the programmable controller PLC28 for setting operating parameters and displaying overall pumping unit system operating data. The remote data transmission unit 30 is connected with the programmable controller PLC28, and can realize remote control of the system through wireless signal transmission.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a vertical overlength stroke oil recovery system of linkage mutual balance, including driving motor, turn to hoist mechanism and control mechanism, wherein driving motor is connected with two hoist mechanisms that turn to through transmission gear change, driving motor passes through the work that transmission gear change control two or several turned to hoist mechanism, every all corresponds an oil well and sets up, every is turned to hoist mechanism and is all connected and drive the work of pump through flexible pumping polished rod and the sucker rod in the oil well, control mechanism is connected and controls driving motor's work with driving motor, its characterized in that: the transmission speed change mechanism is provided with an input shaft and output shafts with the same number as the steering lifting mechanisms, the transmission speed change mechanism is connected with a transmission shaft of the driving motor through the input shaft, the transmission speed change mechanism is connected with a rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism through the output shaft, and the output shaft on the transmission speed change mechanism drives the rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism to synchronously rotate; the two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism are symmetrically provided with two steering lifting mechanisms, the included angle between the central lines of the output shafts at the two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism and the connecting line of the centers of the two oil wells is more than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees, the distance between the two oil well heads is 5-8 meters, flexible pumping polished rods are wound on rollers on each steering lifting mechanism, the flexible pumping polished rods on the two rollers are reversely wound, and the two rollers can enable the two reversely wound flexible pumping polished rods to move in opposite directions in the synchronous rotation process; the flexible oil pumping polished rod wound on the roller in the steering lifting mechanism is a steel wire rope, the lower end of the steel wire rope is connected with a sealing plunger in an inner working barrel arranged in the oil extraction system, the sealing plunger moves up and down under the drive of the steel wire rope, so that oil pumping operation is performed, an outer working barrel is sleeved outside the inner working barrel, an annular channel is formed between the inner working barrel and the outer working barrel, an oil pipe four-way is arranged at the top of the outer working barrel, the inner working barrel is inserted in the oil pipe four-way, a backflow one-way valve is assembled in an annular space between the oil pipe four-way and the inner working barrel, an inlet of the backflow one-way valve is communicated with an inner cavity of the inner working barrel, and an outlet of the backflow one-way valve is communicated with the oil pipe four-way; the lower extreme of wire rope is equipped with wire rope sleeve joint spare with sealed plunger junction, and wire rope sleeve joint spare's upper portion is equipped with wire rope backward flow polished rod, and the top of oil pipe cross is connected with backward flow polished rod packing box, installs wire rope in backward flow polished rod packing box from last to installing in proper order down and scrapes oil tanker, packing compensation spring and backward flow polished rod packing.
2. The interlocking balanced vertical ultra-long stroke oil recovery system according to claim 1, wherein: the driving motor is a variable frequency speed regulating motor, the transmission speed changing mechanism is a speed reducer, the driving motor and the transmission speed changing mechanism are assembled on the first truss, a sliding rail is arranged on the first truss, a first pulley is assembled on the sliding rail, the first pulley can move along the sliding rail, the driving motor and the transmission speed changing mechanism are assembled on the first pulley and synchronously move with the first pulley, a first steering wheel is hung at the bottom of the first pulley, the first pulley can be enabled to move along the sliding rail arranged on the first truss in a directional manner through the first steering wheel, an electromagnetic brake is connected to a tail shaft of the driving motor, the electromagnetic brake is connected with the control mechanism and is controlled to work by the control mechanism, a basic fixed connecting piece is assembled at the bottom of the first truss, and the first truss can be fixed on a foundation through the basic fixed connecting piece.
3. The interlocking balanced vertical ultra-long stroke oil recovery system according to claim 2, wherein: each steering lifting mechanism is arranged on a second truss, a sliding rail is also arranged on the second truss, a second pulley is assembled on the sliding rail and can slide on the sliding rail on the second truss, the steering lifting mechanism is assembled on the second pulley and synchronously moves with the second pulley, a second directional wheel is hung at the bottom of the second pulley, the second pulley can move along the sliding rail on the second truss in a directional manner through the second directional wheel, a travel switch is assembled at one end of the sliding rail arranged on the second truss and is connected with a control mechanism, the travel switch can transmit acquired data to the control mechanism in real time, the steering lifting mechanism comprises a rotating shaft and a roller, the roller sleeve is arranged on the rotating shaft and synchronously rotates with the rotating shaft, a clamp type brake is assembled at one end of the roller, stop and rotation of the roller can be controlled through the clamp type brake, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft on a transmission speed change mechanism through a universal joint, a clutch is assembled on the rotating shaft close to a position of the universal joint coupling, the rotating shaft is controlled to be combined with the output shaft through the clutch, a bearing seat is assembled with the output shaft in a bearing seat, the rotating shaft is assembled with the first truss in a real-time manner, the first truss is assembled with a first truss is provided with a load sensor, and a load sensor is fixedly connected with the first truss, and a load sensor is assembled on one side of the first truss is provided with a first truss, and a load sensor is connected with the first truss in real-time, and a load sensor is assembled on the first truss is connected with the bottom of the first truss, and a load sensor is provided with a load sensor.
4. A ganged-balanced vertical ultra-long stroke oil recovery system according to claim 3, wherein: the rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism is a hollow shaft, a nut is fixedly connected in the hollow shaft and synchronously rotates with the rotating shaft, a screw rod is screwed in the nut, the outer end of the screw rod is fixed on a second support on the second truss, the rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism can drive a first pulley and a second pulley to move along the orientation of sliding rails on the first truss and the second truss respectively under the guiding action of the screw rod, and a telescopic sleeve is sleeved at the outer end of the screw rod.
5. A ganged-balanced vertical ultra-long stroke oil recovery system according to claim 3, wherein: the control mechanism comprises a programmable controller PLC, a human-computer interface and a remote data transmission unit, wherein the human-computer interface and the remote data transmission unit are both connected with the programmable controller PLC, the programmable controller PLC is connected with a driving motor, a frequency converter is assembled on a connecting line of the programmable controller PLC and the driving motor, the frequency converter receives instructions of the programmable controller PLC to control the driving motor to work, the programmable controller PLC is further connected with a travel switch, an encoder, a load sensor and an electromagnetic brake respectively, the travel switch, the encoder and the load sensor can transmit collected data to the programmable controller PLC in real time, the programmable controller PLC controls the electromagnetic brake to work, the programmable controller PLC can display the collected data through the human-computer interface, the human-computer interface is used for setting working parameters and displaying the running data of the whole system, the remote data transmission unit consists of communication equipment, an antenna and a standby power supply, and utilizes a wireless data transmission system to send load data, displacement data, the working parameters and fault alarm data information to a mobile phone or a computer terminal of a user, and simultaneously the user can also utilize the wireless data transmission system to remotely control the oil extraction system to operate.
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| CN115387765B (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-01-30 | 西安洛科电子科技股份有限公司 | Manual-automatic adjusting separate mining instrument and separate mining method |
| CN115637961A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-01-24 | 陕西银禾油气工程技术服务有限公司 | A direct-drive long-stroke pumping unit with winch-type downhole sliding seal without counterweight |
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