CN114517662A - Linkage mutual-balance vertical type super-long stroke oil production system and method - Google Patents
Linkage mutual-balance vertical type super-long stroke oil production system and method Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/126—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a linkage mutual-balance vertical type super-long stroke oil extraction system and a method, wherein the oil extraction system comprises a driving motor, two or a plurality of steering lifting mechanisms and a control mechanism, wherein the driving motor is connected with the two or the plurality of steering lifting mechanisms through a transmission speed change mechanism, the driving motor controls the work of the two or the plurality of steering lifting mechanisms through the transmission speed change mechanism, each steering lifting mechanism is arranged corresponding to an oil well, and the method comprises the following steps: the first step, the configuration of an oil extraction system; secondly, constructing and installing a foundation; thirdly, installing a central connecting line at an angle of 5-10 degrees; fourthly, performing oil extraction production by the two steering lifting mechanisms; fifthly, balancing the loads of the underground rod columns; sixthly, engaging a clutch between the output shaft and the rotary shaft of the roller; and seventhly, when one well is repaired, the other well works normally. Has the advantages that: the equipment cost is reduced, a large amount of steel is saved, energy conservation and consumption reduction are effectively realized, and the maintenance is easy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultra-long stroke oil production system and method, in particular to a linkage mutual-balance vertical type ultra-long stroke oil production system and method.
Background
At present, low-permeability petroleum resources are widely distributed and have large reserves, and according to the third oil and gas evaluation result developed by related departments, the low-permeability petroleum resources are widely distributed in each large basin, and the quantity of the perspective resources is 537 multiplied by 10 lambda 8t, which accounts for 49 percent of the total quantity of national petroleum perspective resources. The medium-low-permeability petroleum resources account for more than 65 percent of the total resource amount; in the rest petroleum resources, the amount of low-permeability petroleum resources exceeds 75 percent, the cluster well development technology of low-permeability oil fields is mature day by day, the number of newly drilled wells of China is about 2 ten thousand wells every year, 60 percent of wells are inclined wells, only Changqing oil fields and Daqing oil fields cluster well groups exceed 7000 wells since 2000, and cluster well group development mode is adopted for the construction of capacity of more than 95 percent in more than one decade represented by the Changqing oil fields, the land occupation is reduced by 40 ten thousand mu in an accumulated way, and 8.7 wells are combined in a single well field.
The technical advantages of cluster wells for developing low permeability oil fields are as follows:
the land resource is saved, the development difficulty is reduced, the mining efficiency is improved, and the economic benefit is improved;
the investment is reduced by the industrialized drilling and well completion technology;
the industrialized reservoir stratum integral casing fracturing transformation technology realizes the maximization of the single well yield of the low-permeability oil field;
Well station integrated construction optimizes and simplifies the ground gathering and transportation process;
the method lays a foundation for realizing a new mode of electronic patrol, remote monitoring, intelligent management, development and production management of the oil well.
The development difficulty of the low-permeability oil field is reduced, and the exploitation efficiency and the economic benefit are improved;
at present, the oil extraction technology of low permeability oil fields is developed, and a single-machine single-well development mode is still carried out on cluster wells by adopting a beam pumping unit or a tower type non-beam pumping unit. The problems of high equipment cost, large steel demand, low system efficiency, high energy consumption and the like are solved, and the method has a prominent contradiction with the current situation of low oil price and low productivity in the current petroleum industry and the implementation of the strategy of cost reduction and efficiency improvement, and seriously restricts the development and construction of low-permeability oil fields. Therefore, the research on how to effectively utilize the characteristics of the low-permeability oil field and the cluster well per se is carried out, the cluster well linkage artificial lifting mechanical oil extraction technology corresponding to the characteristics of the cluster well per se is developed, and two or more wells are driven by one motor to be exploited simultaneously, so that the energy conservation and consumption reduction are effectively realized, the system efficiency is improved, the economic benefit of applying the cluster well to the low-permeability oil field development is improved, and the method has important significance.
In addition, low permeability oil fields are found in many oil producing countries abroad, and the number of cluster well drilling is gradually increasing. The cluster well linkage oil production technology mainly embodies: when a pumping unit is used for simultaneously exploiting two or more wells, the following points are concerned: the labor cost is reduced, and the research on the pumping unit mainly focuses on the two aspects of modular design and digital management technology of the pumping unit.
The domestic single-machine multi-well linkage oil production technology comprises the following steps:
the main time is twin-well pumping unit and unit multi-well pumping unit, and two mule-head twin-well pumping unit of two-way balanced beam-type of tower posture one-machine twin-well pumping unit and conventional crank respectively have technical advantages in the aspect of input cost, area, production parameter adjustment, maintenance and security etc. also have the problem separately, specifically as follows:
a cluster well load mutual balance energy-saving oil pumping system, which has the patent number: ZL200920032163.2, has problems: the balance among wells is realized by determining the phase angle of each pumping unit through analysis and calculation of a tester and a computer, and the balance among wells is realized by setting and adjusting the phase angle of each pumping unit. Therefore, the pumping unit has poor operability, single-well oil extraction equipment only reduces one motor and increases one transmission case, and the whole cost is equivalent to that of the conventional pumping unit.
A cluster well multi-well flexible linkage pumping unit is disclosed, and a patent number CN201120069943.1 is that from 2012, a first prototype is subjected to field test in a lengthened oilfield Gangguyi oil production plant. After the machine completes the indoor test in 2012, the field test is completed in the Gangguyi oil production plant. The problems exist: the chain as a main stress element bears large oil well load, frequently reciprocates and has large influence on the service life of the chain, and the reliability of the whole machine is poor, the chain is easy to fatigue crack and break and has short service life in the field use condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the conventional cluster well in the production process and provides a linkage mutual-balance vertical type super-long stroke oil production system and a method.
The invention provides a linkage mutual-balancing vertical type ultra-long stroke oil production system which comprises a driving motor, steering lifting mechanisms and a control mechanism, wherein the driving motor is connected with two or a plurality of steering lifting mechanisms through a transmission speed change mechanism, the driving motor controls the work of the two or a plurality of steering lifting mechanisms through the transmission speed change mechanism, each steering lifting mechanism is arranged corresponding to an oil well, each steering lifting mechanism is connected with a sucker rod in the oil well through a flexible sucker rod and drives the sucker pump to work, and the control mechanism is connected with the driving motor and controls the work of the driving motor.
The driving motor is a variable-frequency speed-regulating motor, the transmission speed-regulating mechanism is a speed reducer, the driving motor and the transmission speed-regulating mechanism are assembled on a first truss, a slide rail is arranged on the first truss, a first pulley is assembled on the slide rail and can move along the slide rail, the driving motor and the transmission speed-regulating mechanism are both assembled on the first pulley and can synchronously move with the first pulley, a first directional wheel is hung at the bottom of the first pulley, the first pulley can directionally move along the slide rail arranged on the first truss through the first directional wheel, an electromagnetic brake is connected to a tail shaft of the driving motor, the electromagnetic brake is connected with the control mechanism and is controlled by the control mechanism to work, a base fixed connecting piece is assembled at the bottom of the first truss, and the first truss can be fixed on a base through the base fixed connecting piece.
The transmission speed change mechanism is connected with an input shaft and output shafts with the number corresponding to that of the steering lifting mechanisms, the transmission speed change mechanism is connected with a transmission shaft of the driving motor through the input shaft, the transmission speed change mechanism is connected with rotating shafts of the steering lifting mechanisms through the output shafts, and the output shafts on the transmission speed change mechanism drive the rotating shafts of the steering lifting mechanisms to synchronously rotate.
Each steering lifting mechanism is arranged on the second truss, a sliding rail is also arranged on the second truss, a second pulley is assembled on the sliding rail and can slide on the sliding rail on the second truss, the steering lifting mechanisms are assembled on the second pulley and can synchronously move with the second pulley, a second directional wheel is hung at the bottom of the second pulley, the second pulley can directionally move along the sliding rail on the second truss through the second directional wheel, one end of the sliding rail arranged on the second truss is provided with a travel switch, the travel switch is connected with the control mechanism, the travel switch can transmit acquired data to the control mechanism in real time, the steering lifting mechanisms comprise rotating shafts and rollers, the rollers are sleeved on the rotating shafts and can synchronously rotate with the rotating shafts, one ends of the rollers are provided with caliper brakes, and the stopping and the rotation of the rollers can be controlled through the caliper brakes, the one end of pivot is connected with the last output shaft of transmission speed change mechanism through the universal joint coupling, be equipped with the clutch in the pivot near universal joint coupling position, through opening and shutting of clutch control pivot and output shaft, the pivot is passed through on the first support of bearing and bearing frame rigid coupling on the second coaster, one side of first support is equipped with the encoder, the bottom of first support is equipped with load sensor, encoder and load sensor all are connected with control mechanism, encoder and load sensor can give control mechanism to the data real-time transmission of gathering, the bottom of second truss is equipped with the gyro wheel, the second truss can remove in the basic scope of second truss.
The rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism is a hollow shaft, a nut is fixedly connected in the hollow shaft and synchronously rotates with the rotating shaft, a lead screw is screwed in the nut, the outer end of the lead screw is fixed on a second support on a second truss, the rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism can drive a first pulley and a second pulley to respectively move along the slide rail on the first truss and the second truss in a rotating process under the guiding action of the lead screw, and a telescopic sleeve is sleeved at the outer end of the lead screw.
The two steering lifting mechanisms are symmetrically assembled on two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism, the included angle between the center line of output shafts on two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism and the center connecting line of two oil wells is not less than 5 degrees and not more than 10 degrees, the distance between two oil well mouths is 5-8 meters, a flexible oil pumping polished rod is wound on each roller on the steering lifting mechanism, the flexible oil pumping polished rods on the two rollers are reversely wound, and the two rollers can enable the two reversely wound flexible oil pumping polished rods to oppositely move in the synchronous rotating process.
The control mechanism comprises a programmable controller PLC, a human-computer interface and a remote data transmission unit, wherein the human-computer interface and the remote data transmission unit are connected with the programmable controller PLC, the programmable controller PLC is connected with a driving motor, a frequency converter is assembled on a connecting circuit of the programmable controller PLC and the driving motor, the frequency converter receives an instruction of the programmable controller PLC to control the driving motor to work, the programmable controller PLC is also respectively connected with a travel switch, an encoder, a load sensor and an electromagnetic brake, the travel switch, the encoder and the load sensor can transmit collected data to the programmable controller PLC in real time, the programmable controller PLC controls the electromagnetic brake to work, the programmable controller PLC can display the collected data through the human-computer interface, and the human-computer interface is used for setting working parameters and displaying the whole system operation data, the remote data transmission unit is composed of communication equipment, an antenna and a standby power supply, the load data, the displacement data, the operation parameters and the fault alarm data information are sent to a mobile phone or a computer terminal of a user by the remote data transmission unit through a wireless data transmission system, and meanwhile, the user can remotely control the operation of the oil extraction system through the mobile phone or the computer.
The flexible oil pumping polished rod wound on a roller in the steering lifting mechanism is a steel wire rope, the lower end of the steel wire rope is connected with a sealing plunger in an inner working barrel arranged in an oil extraction system, the sealing plunger moves up and down under the driving of the steel wire rope to carry out oil pumping operation, an outer working barrel is sleeved outside the inner working barrel, an annular channel is formed between the inner working barrel and the outer working barrel, an oil pipe cross joint is arranged at the top of the outer working barrel, the inner working barrel is inserted into the oil pipe cross joint, a backflow check valve is assembled in an annular space between the oil pipe cross joint and the inner working barrel, the inlet of the backflow check valve is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner working barrel, and the outlet of the backflow check valve is communicated with the oil pipe cross joint.
The lower extreme of wire rope is equipped with wire rope and cup joints the piece with the sealed plunger junction, and wire rope cup joints the upper portion of piece and is equipped with wire rope backward flow polished rod, and the top of oil pipe cross is connected with backward flow polished rod packing box, installs wire rope from last in the backward flow polished rod packing box down and scrapes oil ship, packing compensating spring and backward flow polished rod packing in proper order.
The driving motor, the travel switch, the clutch, the encoder, the load sensor, the caliper brake, the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), the human-computer interface and the remote data transmission unit are all assembled on the existing equipment, and therefore specific models and specifications are not described any more.
The invention provides a linkage mutual-balance vertical type super-long stroke oil extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, an oil extraction system is configured according to the pump lowering depth and the liquid discharge quantity given by an oil well;
secondly, constructing an installation foundation of the first truss and the second truss on site according to oil field design requirements, then installing the first truss and the second truss, and assembling a driving motor, a transmission speed change mechanism and a steering lifting mechanism on the first truss and the second truss respectively after the first truss and the second truss are installed;
step three, when two steering lifting mechanisms are assembled, the rope outlet directions of the steel wire ropes wound on the rollers of the two steering lifting mechanisms are different, the axis of an output shaft is arranged at an angle of 5-10 degrees with the central connecting line of the well mouths of two wells when the system device is arranged on site, and the ground well mouth distance of the two wells is 5-8 m;
fourthly, determining the allowable minimum stroke length of different pump hanging depths according to the stroke loss ratio of the oil well pump being less than or equal to 10%, calculating the liquid extraction amount of the system through Q being 360 pi D ^2 eta xn xS, increasing the stroke and the pump diameter of the oil well pump to reduce the stroke frequency of the oil well pump for the system with given displacement, adopting the pumping process of long stroke, low stroke frequency and larger pump diameter, driving two steering lifting mechanisms by using a power source to carry out oil extraction production, enabling the stroke and the stroke number of two wells to be consistent, and adopting different pump diameters to produce the two wells when the liquid extraction amount requirement of a certain SN well cannot be met under the condition of the maximum pumping speed of long stroke and low stroke number, and adopting the larger pump diameter to meet the liquid extraction amount requirement of the high liquid production well;
Fifthly, the system device balance mode is that the underground rod column loads of the two wells are balanced with each other, and the balance rate is 90% or more;
sixthly, driving two sets of steering and lifting mechanisms by using one set of power source to carry out oil production of the oil well, debugging one by one when commissioning, wherein when debugging is carried out, one well stays at a top dead center, the other well must stay at a bottom dead center, and after debugging is finished, a clutch between an output shaft and a rotary drum rotating shaft is engaged;
and seventhly, driving two sets of steering and lifting mechanisms by using one set of power source to carry out oil production, wherein when one well is workover treated, the rotating shaft and the output shaft are separated by a clutch between the output shaft and the rotating shaft of the roller, the device is moved out of the well mouth by more than 700cm to meet the requirement of oil well workover treatment, and the other well keeps normal working production without being influenced.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the control mechanism in the linkage mutual-balancing vertical type super-long stroke oil extraction system and method provided by the invention controls the driving motor to rotate forward and reverse through the logic analysis judgment of the control mechanism according to the displacement information acquired by the encoder and the travel switch, so as to drive the double-wing output shaft of the transmission speed change mechanism to drive the rollers of the two sets of steering lifting mechanisms to output forward and reverse, the steel wire ropes wound on the two rollers reciprocate up and down along with the forward and reverse rotation of the rollers, because the rotating directions of the steel wire ropes wound on the two rollers are opposite, when one of the steel wire ropes is ascending, the other steel wire rope is descending, the loads of the underground sucker rods of the two oil wells are mutually balanced, and the steel wire ropes can be ensured to be always positioned in the central part of a well head.
The invention relates to a self-balancing oil pumping machine, which is characterized in that a nut, a roller and a transmission speed change mechanism are respectively fixed on a trolley base of each mechanism, the nut drives the trolley base to slide along a truss platform rail when in linear movement, the travelling distance of the trolley is the pitch of a roller rope groove every time the nut rotates for one circle, and a steel wire rope wound on the roller pulls an underground oil pumping rod and a rod oil pumping pump to do reciprocating movement, so that the same power source drives two oil wells to perform mutual balance oil extraction and lifting.
The encoder is assembled on a bearing support at one side of the roller, the output of the encoder is connected to a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) in the control mechanism, the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) judges the direction and counts the pulse received from the encoder in an accumulated way, the counting result is in direct proportion to the length of the steel wire rope wound on the roller, namely the displacement length of the up-down stroke of the steel wire rope is measured, and the forward rotation or the reverse rotation of the driving motor is controlled according to the corresponding logical relationship, so that the synchronous rope-arranging reversing action of the up-down stroke of the oil pumping unit and the roller is realized.
When the control mechanism measures the indicator diagram, the lower dead point travel switch is switched on, the remote data transmission unit starts, the load sensor starts to detect the change of the underground load of the upper stroke and the lower stroke of the oil well, a load signal is transmitted to the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), the PLC sends data to the remote data transmission unit through the wired or wireless communication module, the steel wire rope displacement calculated by the output signal of the encoder is matched with the underground load change measured by the load sensor, and when a stroke cycle is finished, the measurement of the load and the displacement relation curve, namely the indicator diagram of the oil well is finished.
The human-computer interface is connected with the programmable controller PLC and is used for setting working parameters and displaying the operation data of the whole pumping unit system. The remote data transmission unit is connected with the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), and the remote control of the system can be realized through wireless signal transmission.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the linkage mutual-balance vertical type super-long stroke oil extraction system and method provided by the invention can effectively utilize the self characteristics of the low-permeability oil field and the cluster well, develop a cluster well linkage artificial lifting mechanical oil extraction technology corresponding to the self characteristics of the cluster well, realize that two or more wells are driven by one motor to be simultaneously extracted, reduce the equipment cost, save a large amount of steel, effectively realize energy conservation and consumption reduction, improve the system efficiency, further improve the economic benefit of applying the cluster well to develop the low-permeability oil field, and have important significance.
The invention can realize that two wells are driven simultaneously by one set of power source and transmission speed change system, the stroke length of the pumping unit is only related to the number of turns of a drum steel wire rope wound on a drum and the axial moving distance of the trolley, and is unrelated to other mechanism parameters of the pumping unit, the land area between the two wells is fully utilized, the effective distance of the well mouths of the two wells can be installed and used within 5-8m, the floor area of the pumping unit is reduced, the well mouth bracket and the pulley of the ultra-long stroke pumping unit are reduced by the vertical structure, three trolleys do synchronous axial sliding along the truss platform track while the oil well reciprocates up and down under the driving of the rope arrangement reversing traction mechanism, and the steel wire rope is ensured to be positioned at the central part of the well mouth all the time as a pumping polished rod;
The technical scheme provided by the invention realizes mutual balance of upper and lower strokes by using two-port suspension point load, the balance rate reaches 100%, the energy-saving effect is better, and the technical bottleneck problems of no balance and poor energy-saving effect of an ultra-long stroke oil pumping unit, particularly an oil pumping unit of more than 10 types, are effectively solved;
the technical scheme provided by the invention replaces a four-connecting-rod of a beam pumping unit and a high tower of a tower frame type pumping unit, the rotary motion of a prime motor is converted into linear motion by utilizing the rotary operation characteristic of a roller, the wound steel wire ropes are wound in different rotary directions, and the up-and-down reciprocating opposite motion of a rod oil pump under two oil wells is realized under the condition that the roller rotates in the same direction, so that the opposite motion is convenient and simple to adjust and operate, the pumping unit can be installed and used at an included angle sigma of more than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees between a central line of a transmission shaft and a central line of well heads of the two oil wells, and meanwhile, an electric control and mechanical reversing electromechanical integrated design is adopted, so that the transmission mechanism and the conversion mechanism of the pumping unit are simpler, the transmission link is less, the failure rate is low, the reliability and the durability are ensured, and the maintenance is easy.
The technical scheme provided by the invention realizes that the steel wire rope special for petroleum replaces the existing steel wire rope which is made by adopting a special process and integrally wraps a wear-resistant composite material on the outer layer of the steel wire rope main body to be used as the oil pumping polished rod, and the underground sealer is arranged on the steel wire rope, so that the vertical type ultra-long stroke (10 m) oil pumping machine type breaks through more than 10 types, the problems of large loss and low efficiency of mechanical oil extraction stroke of the existing rod pump applied to deep wells and medium-deep wells are solved, and the effective development and utilization of the buried depth and low-permeability hard-to-extract reserves of oil layers are met.
The intelligent control and Internet of things combined design is adopted, so that the pumping unit is simple, convenient and easy to use, operate and manage oil production; the traditional oil production management mode is changed;
the system provided by the invention has the advantages of firm structure, few lubricating points, no need of manual balance adjustment, impulse adjustment and pulley replacement, and intelligent prompt management of fastening, lubrication and maintenance, when one oil well is repaired, the system can be separated from the other oil well through the jaw clutch between the transmission shaft and the roller shaft, the other oil well can be normally produced without being influenced by the system, the parameter adjustment is convenient, the system is completed through the man-machine interactive operation of the intelligent control system of the pumping unit, the balance adjustment is not needed, the anti-impact distance and the indicator diagram are automatically tested, the labor intensity of workers is effectively reduced, the use and operation safety risks are effectively reduced, and the structure of a post operator is optimized and simplified.
The safety coefficient of the oil pumping polished rod is improved, the safety coefficient of the oil pumping polished rod is calculated according to the rated load to reach more than 3.5, the oil pumping polished rod meets the safe use standard, the model can reach more than 10, and the requirements of development and production of medium-deep wells and deep wells are met.
The system provided by the invention effectively prolongs the service life of the underground rod pipe of the ground equipment, reduces the maximum load of a suspension point, increases the minimum load, reduces the fluctuation of the load of the suspension point, effectively lightens the radial eccentric wear force, effectively reduces the fatigue damage and the eccentric wear degree of the sucker rod, prolongs the service life of the rod pipe, also reduces the running wear of the ground equipment and prolongs the service life of the ground equipment.
The working state of the existing beam-pumping unit is calculated by taking the daily yield of an oil well as 5 tons and the pump efficiency as 60 percent: stroke 4.2 m, pump diameter 32 mm, stroke number 2 times/min, running 2880 cycle period a day. The system provided by the invention has the following working states: stroke 30 m, pump diameter 44 mm, stroke number 8 times/hour, 192 cycles of operation a day. The number of times of the cycle reciprocating of the existing beam pumping unit is 15 times of that of the system provided by the invention.
The intelligent control system provided by the invention can form a closed-loop control system of the oil pumping unit, and effectively solves the matching problem of two capabilities of mechanical oil extraction: one is how much liquid will be able to penetrate the well each day; and secondly, the liquid amount permeating into the oil well needs to be lifted to the ground by the pumping parameter combination with large displacement, so that the essential energy saving is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the oil recovery system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the oil recovery system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the relationship between the drive shaft and the centerline of two well heads according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection between the flexible sucker rod and the oil well.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the connection relationship between the steel cable and the sealing plunger according to the present invention.
The labels in the above figures are as follows:
1. driving motor 2, steering lifting mechanism 3, control mechanism 4 and transmission speed change mechanism
5. Flexible oil pumping polished rod 6, first truss 7, first pulley 8 and first directive wheel
9. Electromagnetic brake 10, input shaft 11, output shaft 12, rotating shaft 13 and second truss
14. A second pulley 15, a second directional wheel 16, a travel switch 17, a roller 18 and a clamp brake
19. Universal joint coupler 20, clutch 21, first support 22 and encoder
23. Load sensor 24, nut 25, lead screw 26, second support 27, telescopic sleeve
28. Programmable controller PLC 29, human-computer interface 30, remote data transmission unit
31. Inner working barrel 32, sealing plunger 33, outer working barrel 34 and oil pipe four-way joint
35. Backflow check valve 36, steel wire rope sleeve joint piece 37 and steel wire rope backflow polished rod
38. Backflow polish rod packing box 39, steel wire rope oil scraping wheel 40 and packing compensation spring
41. Backflow polish rod packing 42 and a frequency converter.
Detailed Description
Please refer to fig. 1 to 5:
the invention provides a linkage mutual-balance vertical type super-long stroke oil extraction system which comprises a driving motor 1, steering lifting mechanisms 2 and a control mechanism 3, wherein the driving motor 1 is connected with two or a plurality of steering lifting mechanisms 2 through a transmission speed change mechanism 4, the driving motor 1 controls the work of the two or a plurality of steering lifting mechanisms 2 through the transmission speed change mechanism 4, each steering lifting mechanism 2 is arranged corresponding to an oil well, each steering lifting mechanism 2 is connected with a sucker rod in the oil well through a flexible sucker rod 5 and drives the oil pump to work, and the control mechanism 3 is connected with the driving motor 1 and controls the work of the driving motor 1.
The driving motor 1 is a variable frequency speed regulating motor, the transmission speed changing mechanism 4 is a speed reducer, the driving motor 1 and the transmission speed changing mechanism 4 are assembled on a first truss 6, a slide rail is arranged on the first truss 6, a first pulley 7 is assembled on the slide rail, the first pulley 7 can move along the slide rail, the driving motor 1 and the transmission speed changing mechanism 4 are both assembled on the first pulley 7 and move synchronously with the first pulley 7, a first steering wheel 8 is hung at the bottom of the first pulley 7, the first pulley 7 can be moved directionally along a sliding rail arranged on the first truss 6 through the first directional wheel 8, the tail shaft of the driving motor 1 is connected with the electromagnetic brake 9, the electromagnetic brake 9 is connected with the control mechanism 3 and is controlled by the control mechanism 3 to work, the bottom of the first truss 6 is provided with a base fixed connecting piece, and the first truss 6 can be fixed on a base through the base fixed connecting piece.
The transmission speed change mechanism 4 is connected with an input shaft 10 and output shafts 11 with the number corresponding to that of the steering lifting mechanisms 2, the transmission speed change mechanism 4 is connected with a transmission shaft of the driving motor 1 through the input shaft 10, the transmission speed change mechanism 4 is connected with rotating shafts 12 of the steering lifting mechanisms 2 through the output shafts 11, and the output shafts 11 on the transmission speed change mechanism 4 drive the rotating shafts 12 of the steering lifting mechanisms 2 to synchronously rotate.
Each steering and lifting mechanism 2 is arranged on a second truss 13, a slide rail is also arranged on the second truss 13, a second pulley 14 is assembled on the slide rail, the second pulley 14 can slide on the slide rail on the second truss 13, the steering and lifting mechanism 2 is assembled on the second pulley 14 and synchronously moves with the second pulley 14, a second directional wheel 15 is hung at the bottom of the second pulley 14, the second pulley 14 can directionally move along the slide rail on the second truss 13 through the second directional wheel 15, one end of the slide rail arranged on the second truss 13 is provided with a travel switch 16, the travel switch 16 is connected with the control mechanism 3, the travel switch 16 can transmit acquired data to the control mechanism 3 in real time, the steering and lifting mechanism 2 comprises a rotating shaft 12 and a roller 17, the roller 17 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 12 and synchronously rotates with the rotating shaft 12, one end of the roller 17 is provided with a caliper brake 18, the stopping and rotation of the roller 17 can be controlled through the caliper brake 18, one end of the rotating shaft 12 is connected with the output shaft 11 on the transmission speed change mechanism 4 through the universal joint coupler 19, the clutch 20 is assembled on the rotating shaft 12 close to the universal joint coupler 19, the opening and closing of the rotating shaft 12 and the output shaft 11 are controlled through the clutch 20, the rotating shaft 12 is fixedly connected on the first support 21 on the second pulley 14 through a bearing and a bearing seat, the encoder 22 is assembled on one side of the first support 21, the load sensor 23 is assembled at the bottom of the first support 21, the encoder 22 and the load sensor 23 are both connected with the control mechanism 3, the encoder 22 and the load sensor 23 can transmit collected data to the control mechanism 3 in real time, the roller is assembled at the bottom of the second truss 13, and the second truss 13 can move within the basic range of the second truss 13. .
The rotating shaft 12 of the steering lifting mechanism 2 is a hollow shaft, a nut 24 is fixedly connected in the hollow shaft, the nut 24 and the rotating shaft 12 synchronously rotate, a lead screw 25 is screwed in the nut 24, the outer end of the lead screw 25 is fixed on a second support 26 on the second truss 13, the rotating shaft 12 of the steering lifting mechanism 2 under the guiding action of the lead screw 25 can drive the first pulley 7 and the second pulley 14 to respectively move along the sliding rails on the first truss 6 and the second truss 13 in a directional mode in the rotating process, and a telescopic sleeve 27 is sleeved at the outer end of the lead screw 25.
The two steering lifting mechanisms 2 are symmetrically assembled on two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism 4, the included angle between the central line of the output shaft 11 on two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism 4 and the central connecting line of two oil wells is not less than 5 degrees and not more than 10 degrees, the distance between the well mouths of the two oil wells is 5-8 meters, a flexible oil pumping polished rod 5 is wound on each roller 17 on the steering lifting mechanism 2, the flexible oil pumping polished rods 5 on the two rollers 17 are reversely wound, and the two rollers 17 can enable the two reversely wound flexible oil pumping polished rods 5 to move oppositely in the synchronous rotating process.
The control mechanism 3 comprises a programmable controller PLC28, a human-computer interface 29 and a remote data transmission unit 30, wherein the human-computer interface 29 and the remote data transmission unit 30 are both connected with a programmable controller PLC28, the programmable controller PLC28 is connected with the driving motor 1, a frequency converter 42 is arranged on a connecting line of the programmable controller PLC28 and the driving motor 1, the frequency converter 42 receives an instruction of the programmable controller PLC28 to control the work of the driving motor 1, the programmable controller PLC28 is also respectively connected with a travel switch 16, an encoder 22, a load sensor 23 and an electromagnetic brake 9, the travel switch 16, the encoder 22 and the load sensor 23 can transmit acquired data to the programmable controller PLC28 in real time, the programmable controller PLC28 controls the work of the electromagnetic brake 9, the programmable controller PLC28 can display the acquired data through the human-computer interface 29, the human-computer interface 29 is used for setting working parameters and displaying the whole system operation data, the remote data transmission unit 30 is composed of communication equipment, an antenna and a standby power supply, the remote data transmission unit 30 transmits load data, displacement data, operation parameters and fault alarm data information to a mobile phone or a computer terminal of a user by using a wireless data transmission system, and meanwhile, the user can remotely control the operation of the oil extraction system by using the mobile phone or the computer.
The flexible oil pumping polished rod 5 wound on the roller 17 in the steering lifting mechanism 2 is a steel wire rope, the lower end of the steel wire rope is connected with a sealing plunger 32 in an inner working barrel 31 arranged in an oil extraction system, the sealing plunger 32 moves up and down under the driving of the steel wire rope to perform oil pumping operation, an outer working barrel 33 is sleeved outside the inner working barrel 31, an annular channel is formed between the inner working barrel 31 and the outer working barrel 33, an oil pipe four-way joint 34 is arranged at the top of the outer working barrel 33, the inner working barrel 31 is inserted in the oil pipe four-way joint 34, a backflow check valve 35 is assembled in an annular space between the oil pipe four-way joint 34 and the inner working barrel 31, the inlet of the backflow check valve 35 is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner working barrel 31, and the outlet of the backflow check valve 35 is communicated with the oil pipe four-way joint 34.
The joint of the lower end of the steel wire rope and the sealing plunger 32 is provided with a steel wire rope sleeve joint part 36, the upper part of the steel wire rope sleeve joint part 36 is provided with a steel wire rope return polish rod 37, the top of the oil pipe cross 34 is connected with a return polish rod packing box 38, and a steel wire rope oil scraping wheel 39, a packing compensation spring 40 and a return polish rod packing 41 are sequentially arranged in the return polish rod packing box 38 from top to bottom.
The driving motor 1, the travel switch 16, the clutch 20, the encoder 22, the load sensor 23, the caliper brake 18, the programmable controller PLC28, the human-computer interface 29 and the remote data transmission unit 30 are all assembled in the existing equipment, and therefore specific models and specifications are not described in detail.
The invention provides a linkage mutual-balance vertical type super-long stroke oil extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, an oil extraction system is configured according to the pump lowering depth and the liquid discharge quantity given by an oil well;
secondly, constructing an installation foundation of the first truss 6 and the second truss 13 on site according to oil field design requirements, then installing the first truss 6 and the second truss 13, and assembling the driving motor 1, the transmission speed change mechanism 4 and the steering and lifting mechanism 2 on the first truss 6 and the second truss 13 respectively after the first truss 6 and the second truss 13 are installed;
and thirdly, when the two steering lifting mechanisms 2 are assembled, the rope outlet directions of the steel wire ropes wound on the rollers 17 of the two steering lifting mechanisms 2 are different, the axis of the output shaft 11 and the central connecting line of the well mouths of the two wells are arranged at an angle of 5-10 degrees when the system device is installed on site, and the ground well mouth distance of the two wells is 5-8 m.
Fourthly, determining the allowable minimum stroke length of different pump hanging depths according to the stroke loss ratio of the oil well pump being less than or equal to 10%, calculating the liquid extraction amount of the system through Q being 360 pi D ^2 eta xn xS, increasing the stroke and the pump diameter of the oil well pump to reduce the stroke frequency of the oil well pump for the system with given displacement, adopting the pumping process of long stroke, low stroke frequency and larger pump diameter, driving two steering lifting mechanisms 2 by a power source to carry out oil extraction production, enabling the stroke and the stroke number of two wells to be consistent, and adopting different pump diameters to produce the two wells when the liquid extraction amount requirement of a certain SN cannot be met under the condition of the maximum pumping speed of long stroke and low stroke number, and adopting the larger pump diameter to meet the liquid extraction requirement of the high liquid production well;
Fifthly, the system device balance mode is that the underground rod column loads of the two wells are balanced with each other, and the balance rate is 90% or more;
sixthly, driving two sets of steering and lifting mechanisms 2 by using one set of power source to carry out oil production of the oil well, debugging one by one when commissioning, wherein when debugging is carried out, one well stays at a top dead center and the other well must stay at a bottom dead center, and after debugging is finished, engaging a clutch 20 between an output shaft 11 and a rotary shaft 12 of a roller 17;
and seventhly, driving the two steering lifting mechanisms 2 by using one power source to carry out oil production, wherein when one well is subjected to workover treatment, the rotating shaft 12 and the output shaft 11 are separated by the clutch 20 between the output shaft 11 and the rotating shaft 12 of the roller 17, the device is moved out of the well mouth by more than 700cm to meet the requirement of the workover treatment of the oil well, and the other well is kept in normal working production without being influenced.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the control mechanism 3 in the linkage mutual-balance vertical type super-long stroke oil extraction system and method provided by the invention controls the driving motor 1 to rotate in the forward and reverse directions through the logic analysis and judgment of the control mechanism 3 according to the displacement information acquired by the encoder 22 and the travel switch 16, so as to drive the double-wing output shaft 11 of the transmission speed change mechanism 4 to drive the rollers 17 in the two sets of steering lifting mechanisms 2 to output in the forward and reverse directions, the steel wire ropes wound on the two rollers 17 reciprocate up and down along with the forward and reverse rotation of the rollers 17, and because the rotating directions of the steel wire ropes wound on the two rollers 17 are opposite, when one of the steel wire ropes is in an upward direction, the other one of the steel wire ropes is in a downward direction, the loads of the two oil well downhole sucker rods are mutually balanced, and the steel wire ropes can be ensured to be always positioned at the center part of a well head.
The invention is designed in such a way that the trolley walking distance of each rotation circle of the nut 24 is the pitch of the rope groove of the roller 17, and a steel wire rope wound on the roller 17 pulls an underground sucker rod and a sucker rod pump to do reciprocating motion, thereby completing the mutually balanced oil extraction and lifting of two oil wells driven by the same power source.
The encoder 22 is assembled on a bearing support at one side of the roller 17, the output of the encoder 22 is connected to a programmable controller PLC28 in the control mechanism 3, the programmable controller PLC28 judges the direction and counts the pulse received by the encoder 22 cumulatively, the counting result is in direct proportion to the length of the steel wire rope wound on the roller 17, namely the displacement length of the up-down stroke of the steel wire rope is measured, the forward rotation or the reverse rotation of the driving motor 1 is controlled according to the corresponding logical relationship, and the up-down stroke of the oil pumping unit and the synchronous rope arranging and reversing action of the roller 17 are realized.
When the control mechanism 3 measures the indicator diagram, the lower dead point travel switch 16 is switched on, the remote data transmission unit 30 starts, the load sensor 23 starts to detect the change of the underground load of the up-down stroke of the oil well, a load signal is transmitted to the programmable controller PLC28, the programmable controller PLC28 sends data to the remote data transmission unit 30 through a wired or wireless communication module, the steel wire rope displacement calculated by the output signal of the encoder 22 is matched with the underground load change measured by the load sensor 23, and when a stroke cycle is finished, the measurement of the load and displacement relation curve, namely the indicator diagram of the oil well is finished.
The human-computer interface 29 is connected with a programmable controller PLC28 and is used for setting working parameters and displaying the operation data of the whole pumping unit system. The remote data transmission unit 30 is connected with the programmable controller PLC28, and can realize the remote control of the system through wireless signal transmission.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a vertical overlength stroke oil recovery system of linkage mutual balance which characterized in that: the oil well pumping device comprises a driving motor, steering lifting mechanisms and a control mechanism, wherein the driving motor is connected with two or a plurality of steering lifting mechanisms through a transmission speed change mechanism, the driving motor controls the work of the two or the plurality of steering lifting mechanisms through the transmission speed change mechanism, each steering lifting mechanism is arranged corresponding to one oil well, each steering lifting mechanism is connected with an oil pumping rod in the oil well through a flexible oil pumping polished rod and drives the oil pumping pump to work, and the control mechanism is connected with the driving motor and controls the work of the driving motor.
2. The vertical type linkage mutual-balance ultra-long stroke oil production system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving motor is a variable frequency speed regulating motor, the transmission speed changing mechanism is a speed reducer, the driving motor and the transmission speed changing mechanism are assembled on a first truss, a slide rail is arranged on the first truss, a first pulley is assembled on the slide rail and can move along the slide rail, the driving motor and the transmission speed changing mechanism are both assembled on the first pulley and can synchronously move with the first pulley, a first directional wheel is hung at the bottom of the first pulley, the first pulley can directionally move along the slide rail arranged on the first truss through the first directional wheel, an electromagnetic brake is connected onto a tail shaft of the driving motor, the electromagnetic brake is connected with the control mechanism and is controlled by the control mechanism to work, a base fixed connecting piece is assembled at the bottom of the first truss, and the first truss can be fixed on a base through the base fixed connecting piece.
3. The vertical type linkage mutual-balance ultra-long stroke oil production system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission speed change mechanism is provided with input shafts and output shafts with the number corresponding to that of the steering lifting mechanisms, the transmission speed change mechanism is connected with a transmission shaft of the driving motor through the input shafts, the transmission speed change mechanism is connected with a rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism through the output shafts, and the output shafts on the transmission speed change mechanism drive the rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism to synchronously rotate.
4. The vertical type linkage mutual-balance ultra-long stroke oil production system according to claim 1, characterized in that: each steering lifting mechanism is arranged on the second truss, a sliding rail is also arranged on the second truss, a second pulley is assembled on the sliding rail and can slide on the sliding rail on the second truss, the steering lifting mechanisms are assembled on the second pulley and can synchronously move with the second pulley, a second directional wheel is hung at the bottom of the second pulley and can enable the second pulley to directionally move along the sliding rail on the second truss through the second directional wheel, one end of the sliding rail arranged on the second truss is provided with a travel switch, the travel switch is connected with the control mechanism, the travel switch can transmit acquired data to the control mechanism in real time, the steering lifting mechanisms comprise rotating shafts and rollers, the rollers are sleeved on the rotating shafts and synchronously rotate with the rotating shafts, one end of each roller is provided with a clamp brake, and the stopping and rotating of the rollers can be controlled through the clamp brakes, the one end of pivot is connected with the last output shaft of transmission speed change mechanism through the universal joint coupling, be equipped with the clutch in the pivot near universal joint coupling position, through opening and shutting of clutch control pivot and output shaft, the pivot is passed through on the first support of bearing and bearing frame rigid coupling on the second coaster, one side of first support is equipped with the encoder, the bottom of first support is equipped with load sensor, encoder and load sensor all are connected with control mechanism, encoder and load sensor can give control mechanism to the data real-time transmission of gathering, the bottom of second truss is equipped with the gyro wheel, the second truss can remove in the basic scope of second truss.
5. The vertical type linkage mutual-balance ultra-long stroke oil production system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism is a hollow shaft, a nut is fixedly connected in the hollow shaft and synchronously rotates with the rotating shaft, a lead screw is screwed in the nut, the outer end of the lead screw is fixed on a second support on a second truss, the rotating shaft of the steering lifting mechanism under the guiding action of the lead screw can drive a first pulley and a second pulley to respectively move along the slide rail on the first truss and the second truss in an oriented mode in the rotating process, and a telescopic sleeve is sleeved at the outer end of the lead screw.
6. The linked mutual-balance vertical type ultra-long stroke oil production system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two steering lifting mechanisms are symmetrically assembled on two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism, the included angle between the center line of output shafts on two sides of the transmission speed change mechanism and the center connecting line of two oil wells is not less than 5 degrees and not more than 10 degrees, the distance between two oil well mouths is 5-8 meters, a flexible oil pumping polished rod is wound on each roller on each steering lifting mechanism, the flexible oil pumping polished rods on the two rollers are reversely wound, and the two rollers can enable the two reversely wound flexible oil pumping polished rods to move oppositely in the synchronous rotating process.
7. The vertical type linkage mutual balance ultra-long stroke oil production system according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the control mechanism comprises a programmable controller PLC, a human-computer interface and a remote data transmission unit, wherein the human-computer interface and the remote data transmission unit are connected with the programmable controller PLC, the programmable controller PLC is connected with a driving motor, a frequency converter is assembled on a connecting line of the programmable controller PLC and the driving motor, the frequency converter receives an instruction of the programmable controller PLC to control the work of the driving motor, the programmable controller PLC is also respectively connected with a travel switch, an encoder, a load sensor and an electromagnetic brake, the travel switch, the encoder and the load sensor can transmit the collected data to the programmable controller PLC in real time, the programmable controller PLC controls the work of the electromagnetic brake, the programmable controller PLC can display the collected data through the human-computer interface, and the human-computer interface is used for setting working parameters and displaying the running data of the whole system, the remote data transmission unit is composed of communication equipment, an antenna and a standby power supply, the load data, the displacement data, the operation parameters and the fault alarm data information are sent to a mobile phone or a computer terminal of a user by the remote data transmission unit through a wireless data transmission system, and meanwhile, the user can remotely control the operation of the oil extraction system through the mobile phone or the computer.
8. The vertical type linkage mutual-balance ultra-long stroke oil production system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the flexible oil pumping polished rod wound on the roller in the steering lifting mechanism is a steel wire rope, the lower end of the steel wire rope is connected with a sealing plunger in an inner working barrel arranged in an oil extraction system, the sealing plunger moves up and down under the driving of the steel wire rope to carry out oil pumping operation, an outer working barrel is sleeved outside the inner working barrel, an annular channel is formed between the inner working barrel and the outer working barrel, an oil pipe cross joint is arranged at the top of the outer working barrel, the inner working barrel is inserted into the oil pipe cross joint, a backflow check valve is assembled in an annular space between the oil pipe cross joint and the inner working barrel, the inlet of the backflow check valve is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner working barrel, and the outlet of the backflow check valve is communicated with the oil pipe cross joint.
9. The vertical type linkage mutual-balancing super-long stroke oil production system according to claim 8, characterized in that: the connecting part of the lower end of the steel wire rope and the sealing plunger is provided with a steel wire rope sleeve joint part, the upper part of the steel wire rope sleeve joint part is provided with a steel wire rope return polish rod, the top of the oil pipe cross is connected with a return polish rod packing box, and a steel wire rope oil scraping wheel, a packing compensating spring and a return polish rod packing are sequentially arranged in the return polish rod packing box from top to bottom.
10. A linkage mutual-balance vertical type super-long stroke oil extraction method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, an oil extraction system is configured according to the pump lowering depth and the liquid discharge quantity given by an oil well;
secondly, constructing an installation foundation of the first truss and the second truss on site according to oil field design requirements, then installing the first truss and the second truss, and assembling a driving motor, a transmission speed change mechanism and a steering lifting mechanism on the first truss and the second truss respectively after the first truss and the second truss are installed;
step three, when two steering lifting mechanisms are assembled, the rope outlet directions of the steel wire ropes wound on the rollers of the two steering lifting mechanisms are different, the axis of an output shaft is arranged at an angle of 5-10 degrees with the central connecting line of the well mouths of two wells when the system device is arranged on site, and the ground well mouth distance of the two wells is 5-8 m;
fourthly, determining the allowable minimum stroke length of different pump hanging depths according to the stroke loss ratio of the oil well pump being less than or equal to 10%, calculating the liquid extraction amount of the system through Q being 360 pi D ^2 eta xn xS, increasing the stroke and the pump diameter of the oil well pump to reduce the stroke frequency of the oil well pump for the system with given displacement, adopting the pumping process of long stroke, low stroke frequency and larger pump diameter, driving two steering lifting mechanisms by using a power source to carry out oil extraction production, enabling the stroke and the stroke number of two wells to be consistent, and adopting different pump diameters to produce the two wells when the liquid extraction amount requirement of a certain SN well cannot be met under the condition of the maximum pumping speed of long stroke and low stroke number, and adopting the larger pump diameter to meet the liquid extraction amount requirement of the high liquid production well;
Fifthly, the system device balance mode is that the underground rod column loads of the two wells are balanced with each other, and the balance rate is 90% or more;
sixthly, driving two sets of steering and lifting mechanisms by using one set of power source to carry out oil production of the oil well, debugging one by one when commissioning, wherein one well needs to stay at a top dead center and the other well needs to stay at a bottom dead center when debugging is carried out, and engaging a clutch between an output shaft and a rotary shaft of the roller after debugging is finished;
and seventhly, driving two sets of steering and lifting mechanisms by using one set of power source to carry out oil production, wherein when one well is subjected to workover treatment, the rotating shaft and the output shaft are separated by the clutch between the output shaft and the rotating shaft of the roller, the device is moved out to a position more than 700cm away from the well mouth to meet the workover treatment requirement of the oil well, and the other well is kept in normal working production without being influenced.
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