CN114514864B - A cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between wide rows of sugarcane - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between wide rows of sugarcane, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting and preparing the soil; (2) planting, field management and harvesting of newly planted sugarcane; (3) planting peanuts, field management and harvesting (4) sweet potato planting, field management and harvesting; (5) interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between perennial cane fields; the present invention increases the ventilation and light transmission between sugarcane rows by increasing the row spacing of sugarcane planting, which is conducive to increasing the diameter of sugarcane stems It is more conducive to the mechanization of sugarcane and intercropping crops; at the same time, about half an acre of land per acre of sugarcane can be used for intercropping peanuts and interplanting sweet potatoes. In the case of ensuring a sugarcane yield of 5-7 tons, One more season of peanuts and one more season of sweet potatoes can be harvested. Each mu of sugarcane land can produce 150-250kg of fresh peanuts, with an output value of 750-1,500 yuan; 250-500kg of fresh sweet potatoes, with an output value of 500-1,500 yuan, effectively increasing the planting income of sugarcane fields , also increased the land use rate and multiple cropping index.

Description

A cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between wide rows of sugarcane

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between wide rows of sugarcane.

Background technique

Sugarcane is the main sugar crop in China, with a planting area of about 1.3819 million hm ² in 2019. In recent years, with the downturn in international sugar prices and the continuous rise in sugarcane planting costs, the planting benefits of sugarcane farmers have been greatly affected. The growth of sugarcane is relatively slow in the early stage, and it enters the rapid growth period from late June to early July and gradually closes. During this period, the rows of sugarcane plants become bare land, which not only wastes light energy, but also breeds weeds, increases farming hours, and is not conducive to soil moisture conservation. On the other hand, the continuous cropping time of sugarcane fields in my country is generally long, and the soil degradation is serious, which has become an important problem that plagues the sustainable development of sugarcane production in my country. The development of other crops will occupy the sugarcane planting area, which is not conducive to the stability of the sugarcane planting area, and the interplanting of sugarcane fields is one of the measures to better solve the above problems. Peanut is an important oil crop and economic crop in my country. my country's total peanut production and export rank first in the world. Sweet potato is the fourth largest food crop in my country, and its cultivated area occupies the first place in the world. The interplanting of peanuts and sweet potatoes between sugarcane fields is of great significance in alleviating the conflict of crop land competition, ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products, and improving soil fertility to achieve sustainable development of the sugarcane industry.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a sugarcane wide-row interplanting peanut that is convenient for mechanized operation, improves land utilization rate and multiple cropping index, alleviates the contradiction between crops competing for land, ensures the effective supply of agricultural products, and improves the income of sugarcane planting. And the cultivation method of sweet potato.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows: a cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between wide rows of sugarcane, comprising the following steps:

(1) Land selection and land preparation: select loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose structure, and rich organic matter as the planting land; mechanically plow the planting land 40-50 cm deep, and the depth of trenching is 25-35 cm at a row spacing of 2.2-2.6 m , A sugarcane ditch with a width of 20-25cm;

(2) Newly planted sugarcane planting, field management and harvesting:

2.1) Newly planted sugarcane:

Select annual half-stem or half-stem full-stem species with strong tillering ability, good perennial root, strong drought resistance, lodging resistance, high yield and high sugar as sugarcane species, and cut the sugarcane species into double-bud segments to obtain sugarcane;

Disinfect the stems of the sugarcane seeds to be sown before planting, and sow them from early February to early March. The amount of seeds planted is 4000-6000 buds per mu. , and then cover the film with plastic film to complete the cultivation of plastic film covering;

2.2) Field management of newly planted sugarcane:

Check the seedlings and supplement the seedlings, artificially rupture the membranes of the sugarcane seedlings that have not been ruptured, help the sugarcane seedlings to emerge, and do a good job of drought prevention and water conservation at the same time;

From the end of tillering to the beginning of elongation, apply 50-75kg of sugarcane medicinal fertilizer and 10-15kg of potassium chloride per mu to fertilize and cultivate soil; strip off old and dead leaves 2-3 times from August to October; at the same time, according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests, Timely spraying for prevention and control;

2.3) Harvesting of newly planted sugarcane: Cut and harvest sugarcane from the end of January to the end of February of the following year;

(3) Peanut planting, field management and harvesting:

3.1) Peanut planting: After planting sugarcane, ditch the wide rows to plant peanuts, and apply 20-30kg of compound fertilizer and 50-60kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer per mu according to the actual planting area of peanuts as the base fertilizer for peanut planting; sugarcane rows and peanut rows The spacing is 70-80cm, and within 3 days after peanut planting, spray sugarcane rows with 200-300 times of 50% acetochlor to seal;

3.2) Peanut field management: Carry out intertillage, weeding, weeding and soil cultivation at the peanut flowering and needle stage, and spray 400-600 times of peanut-specific foliar fertilizer 1-2 times at the peanut pod stage; at the same time, according to the occurrence of peanut pests, timely spray drug prevention;

3.3) Peanut harvesting: when the peanuts meet the harvesting requirements, harvest them in time;

(4) Sweet potato planting, field management and harvesting:

4.1) Sweet potato planting: After the peanuts are harvested, ridges are formed between the sugarcane wide rows, and then sweet potatoes are planted on the ridges. The depth of the sweet potato planting ditch is 5-8cm, and the bio-organic fertilizer is applied per mu according to the actual sweet potato planting area. 50kg, 10-20kg of compound fertilizer, 15-20kg of potassium sulfate as base fertilizer, and at the same time, apply 1-2kg of Duxin granules per mu of sweet potato planting land, mix well with the soil, and carry out underground insect control; use horizontal planting method to place sweet potato seedlings, Cover with soil and film to complete sweet potato planting;

4.2) Sweet potato field management: check the seedlings and replenish the seedlings within 7 days after the sweet potato is planted; when the sweet potato vines grow too vigorously, spray the sweet potato leaves with 1000-1200 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspending agent for 1-3 times;

4.3) Sweet potato harvest: when the sweet potato meets the harvest requirements, harvest in time;

(5) Continue to interplant peanuts and sweet potatoes in ratoon cane fields:

5.1) After the sugarcane is cut and harvested, the cane leaves should be mechanically crushed or incinerated in time, and then peanuts should be planted between the rows with a rotary tiller. The peanut planting method is the same as that of the newly planted sugarcane field;

5.2) Fertilize sugarcane from March to April, applying 75-100kg of sugarcane fertilizer and 10-15kg of potassium chloride per mu;

5.3) After the peanuts are harvested, the sweet potatoes are planted in a ridge in time, and the sweet potato planting method is the same as that of the newly planted sugarcane field.

Further, soak the sugarcane seeds to be sown for 10 minutes with 800 times aqueous solution of 50% carbendazim or 1000 times aqueous solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl before planting in the step (2), sterilize the seed stems, and in 2 Sowing is carried out from the beginning of the month to the beginning of March. The amount of seeding per acre is 4000-6000 buds. After planting, apply 25-50 kg of sugarcane fertilizer on the planting land per acre, cover with soil, and then use a thickness of 0.005-0.010mm and a width of 40-60cm. The photodegradable mulching film can complete the mulching cultivation.

Further, in the step (2) from the late tillering stage to the early elongation stage, apply 55-75 kg of sugarcane medicinal fertilizer and 12-15 kg of potassium chloride per mu to fertilize and cultivate soil; strip off old leaves and dead leaves for 2-2 3 times; at the same time, spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests.

Further, the sugarcane medicinal fertilizer in the step (2) is processed and fused together with insecticides, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium and trace elements, and organic fertilizers through physical and chemical methods to form a sugarcane pest control, It is also a comprehensive medicinal fertilizer granule mixture that provides the necessary large, medium and trace elements for the growth of sugarcane.

Further, the compound fertilizer in the step (3) and step (4) is 45% (15-15-15) compound fertilizer.

Further, in the step (3), at the flowering and needle stage of peanuts, intertillage, weeding and soil cultivation are carried out once, and 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed 1 to 2 times at the same time; Spray 400-600 times of peanut special foliar fertilizer 1-2 times.

Further, in the step (4), single-row or double-row planting is adopted for sweet potato planting, the planting distance of single-row planting is 15-20 cm, and 1300-2000 plants are planted per mu; the planting distance of double-row planting is 20-25 cm, and the Plant 2100-3000 plants.

Further, when the sweet potato vines are growing too vigorously in the step (4), spray the sweet potato leaves 1 to 3 times with 1000-1200 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspending agent; 1 to 3 times of the auxiliary root growth liquid; the auxiliary root growth liquid is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 to 500 parts of water, 15 to 20 parts of borax, 10 to 15 parts of ethanol, and 25 to 30 parts of sodium humate , 0.3-0.6 parts of brassinosteroid, 1.3-1.6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Further, the root auxiliary growth solution in the step (4) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450-500 parts of water, 17-20 parts of borax, 12-15 parts of ethanol, and 28-30 parts of sodium humate , 0.4-0.6 parts of brassinolide, 1.4-1.6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Further, in the step (4), after the sweet potatoes are harvested, 300-400 kg of biogas slurry is topdressed per mu of sugarcane.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is a cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between sugarcane wide rows. Compared with the conventional sugarcane monoculture with a row spacing of 1.0-1.2m, the present invention increases the row spacing of sugarcane planting and increases the sugarcane row spacing. ventilation and light transmission, which is conducive to increasing the diameter of the sugarcane stem and the weight of a single stem, and is more conducive to the mechanization of sugarcane and intercropping crops; at the same time, the present invention can use about half an acre of land in each mu of sugarcane land for intercropping peanuts and interplanting For sweet potatoes, under the condition of ensuring a sugarcane yield of 5-7 tons, one more season of peanuts and one more season of sweet potatoes can be harvested. Each mu of sugarcane land can produce 150-250 kg of fresh peanuts, with an output value of 750-1500 yuan; it can produce 250-500 kg of fresh sweet potatoes, The output value is 500-1,500 yuan, which effectively increases the planting income of sugarcane land, and also improves the land utilization rate and multiple cropping index, alleviates the contradiction between crops competing for land, and ensures the effective supply of agricultural products.

The present invention relates to a cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between wide rows of sugarcane, spraying root system auxiliary growth liquid on the sweet potato leaves to assist the sweet potato tubers to float up, and the mature sweet potato tubers are closer to the top of the soil, which is convenient for harvesting the sweet potato tubers, and at the same time does not It will reduce the yield of sweet potato tubers. Further, after the sweet potato tubers float up, the sweet potato root system will float up and down, and the damage of the sweet potato root system to the soil structure will be small, and the soil water retention, fertilizer retention capacity, permeability and buffer performance will remain in a good state. Repeated interplanting of sweet potatoes and peanuts will not cause damage to the soil structure, which can ensure stable crop production, good economic benefits, and ecological and environmental protection.

Detailed ways

The following examples can help those skilled in the art to understand the present invention more comprehensively, but the present invention cannot be limited in any way.

The cultivation method of interplanting peanut and sweet potato between a kind of sugarcane wide row of the present invention, the sugarcane medical fertilizer in the following embodiment is that insecticide and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, middle and trace element, organic fertilizer are passed through physical and chemical method, Processed and fused together to form a comprehensive medicinal fertilizer granule mixture that can prevent and control sugarcane pests and provide necessary large, medium and trace elements for sugarcane growth; sugarcane medicinal fertilizers can be purchased on the market.

A kind of cultivation method of interplanting peanut and sweet potato between the wide rows of sugarcane of the present invention, the compound fertilizer in following embodiment is 45% (15-15-15) compound fertilizer, also can be the compound fertilizer of other types that obtains on the market .

Example 1

A cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between sugarcane wide rows, comprising the following steps:

(1) Land selection and land preparation: choose loamy soil or sandy loam soil with deep soil layer, loose structure, and rich in organic matter as the planting land; mechanically plow the planting land 40 cm deep, and trench the sugarcane with a depth of 25 cm and a width of 20 cm according to a row spacing of 2.2 m. ditch;

(2) Newly planted sugarcane planting, field management and harvesting:

2.1) Newly planted sugarcane:

Select annual half-stem or half-stem full-stem species with strong tillering ability, good perennial root, strong drought resistance, lodging resistance, high yield and high sugar as sugarcane species, and cut the sugarcane species into double-bud segments to obtain sugarcane;

Before sowing, soak the sugarcane seeds to be sown with 800 times aqueous solution of 50% carbendazim for 10 minutes, sterilize the stems, and sow seeds from early February to early March. Or horizontally, close to the soil, with buds on both sides; after planting, apply 25kg of sugarcane fertilizer per mu of planting land, cover the soil, and then cover with photodegradable plastic film with a thickness of 0.005mm and a width of 40cm to complete the plastic film covering Cultivation; if the soil of the sugarcane field is relatively dry during planting, it should be drenched with water and then covered with plastic film;

2.2) Field management of newly planted sugarcane:

Check the seedlings and replenish the seedlings, artificially rupture the membranes of the sugarcane seedlings that have not been ruptured, and help the sugarcane seedlings to emerge. Drip irrigation or micro-spray irrigation;

From the end of tillering to the beginning of elongation, apply 50 kg of sugarcane medicinal fertilizer and 10 kg of potassium chloride per mu to fertilize and cultivate soil; strip off old and dead leaves twice from August to October; at the same time, spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests;

2.3) Harvesting of newly planted sugarcane: cutting and harvesting of sugarcane from the end of January to the end of February of the following year, if conditions permit, sugarcane harvesters can be used for harvesting;

(3) Peanut planting, field management and harvesting:

3.1) Peanut planting: After planting sugarcane, plant peanuts in wide rows with furrows between rows, row spacing of peanuts is 30cm, spacing of plants is 10cm, and single-grain drill; according to the actual planting area of peanuts, apply 20kg of compound fertilizer and 50kg of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers for peanut planting. Base fertilizer: the distance between sugarcane rows and peanut rows is 70cm, and within 3 days after peanut planting, spray sugarcane rows with 200 times of 50% acetochlor to seal;

3.2) Peanut field management: Intertillage, weeding and soil cultivation should be carried out once during the flowering and needle stage of peanuts, and at the same time, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed once, and the spraying amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be 30 kg/mu/time ; Spray 400 times of peanut-specific foliar fertilizer once during the peanut pod setting period, and the spraying rate is 45 kg/mu/time; at the same time, spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of peanut pests;

3.3) Peanut harvesting: When the peanuts meet the harvesting requirements, the peanuts are harvested in time, and if possible, the peanut harvester can be used for harvesting;

(4) Sweet potato planting, field management and harvesting:

4.1) Sweet potato planting: After the peanuts are harvested, ridges are formed between the sugarcane wide rows, and then sweet potatoes are planted on the ridges. The depth of the sweet potato planting ditch is 5cm, and 40kg of bio-organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied per mu according to the actual planting area of sweet potatoes. 10kg and 15kg of potassium sulfate were used as base fertilizer, and at the same time, 1kg of Duxin granules were applied to each mu of sweet potato planting land, mixed with the soil, and underground insect control was carried out; the sweet potato seedlings were placed by horizontal planting method, and the soil was covered with 100cm thick and 0.005cm thick. The black weed-proof film is used to cover the film to complete the sweet potato planting; the sweet potato is planted in a single row, the distance between the plants in a single row is 15cm, and 2000 plants are planted per mu;

4.2) Sweet potato field management: check seedlings and replenish seedlings within 7 days after sweet potato planting; when sweet potato vines grow too vigorously, spray sweet potato leaves with 1000 times liquid of 25% paclobutrazol suspending agent once, and the spraying rate is 30 kg/mu / time; Spray the root system auxiliary growth liquid 1 time of auxiliary sweet potato tuber root to float on sweet potato blade again, spraying amount is 45 kilograms/mu/time; Described root system auxiliary growth liquid is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: water 400 parts , 15 parts of borax, 10 parts of ethanol, 25 parts of sodium humate, 0.3 parts of brassinolide, 1.3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

When the sweet potato leaves are infested with insects, add 10ml of 5% emamectin benzoate, 10ml of 5% lufenuron and 30g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to every 15 kg of water to spray the sweet potato leaves;

4.3) Sweet potato harvest: when the sweet potato meets the harvest requirements, harvest in time; after the sweet potato is harvested, topdress biogas slurry 300kg per mu of sugarcane;

(5) Continue to interplant peanuts and sweet potatoes in ratoon cane fields:

5.1) After the sugarcane is cut and harvested, the cane leaves should be mechanically crushed or incinerated in time, and then peanuts should be planted between the rows with a rotary tiller. The peanut planting method is the same as that of the newly planted sugarcane field;

5.2) Fertilize sugarcane from March to April, applying 75kg of sugarcane fertilizer and 15kg of potassium chloride per mu;

5.3) After the peanuts are harvested, the sweet potatoes are planted in a ridge in time, and the sweet potato planting method is the same as that of the newly planted sugarcane field.

Example 2

A cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between sugarcane wide rows, comprising the following steps:

(1) Land selection and land preparation: select loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose structure, and rich organic matter as the planting land; mechanically plow the planting land 50 cm deep, and trench the sugarcane with a depth of 35 cm and a width of 25 cm according to a row spacing of 2.6 m. ditch;

(2) Newly planted sugarcane planting, field management and harvesting:

2.1) Newly planted sugarcane:

Select annual half-stem or half-stem full-stem species with strong tillering ability, good perennial root, strong drought resistance, lodging resistance, high yield and high sugar as sugarcane species, and cut the sugarcane species into double-bud segments to obtain sugarcane;

Before sowing, soak the sugarcane seeds to be sown with 1000 times aqueous solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl for 10 minutes, sterilize the stems, and sow seeds from early February to early March. Put the seeds or place them sideways, sticking to the soil, with the buds on both sides; after planting, apply 50kg of sugarcane fertilizer per mu of planting land, cover with soil, and then cover with a photodegradable mulch film with a thickness of 0.010mm and a width of 60cm to complete Plastic film mulching cultivation; if the soil of the sugarcane field is dry during planting, it should be drenched with water and then covered with plastic film;

2.2) Field management of newly planted sugarcane:

Check the seedlings and replenish the seedlings, artificially rupture the membranes of the sugarcane seedlings that have not been ruptured, and help the sugarcane seedlings to emerge. Drip irrigation or micro-spray irrigation;

From the end of tillering to the beginning of elongation, apply 75kg of sugarcane medicinal fertilizer and 15kg of potassium chloride per mu to fertilize and cultivate soil; strip off old and dead leaves 3 times from August to October; at the same time, spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests;

2.3) Harvesting of newly planted sugarcane: cutting and harvesting of sugarcane from the end of January to the end of February of the following year, if conditions permit, sugarcane harvesters can be used for harvesting;

(3) Peanut planting, field management and harvesting:

3.1) Peanut planting: After planting sugarcane, ditch and plant peanuts between the wide rows, the peanut row spacing is 40cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and single-grain drill; according to the actual peanut planting area, apply 30kg of compound fertilizer and 60kg of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers for peanut planting. Base fertilizer: the distance between sugarcane rows and peanut rows is 80cm, and within 3 days after peanut planting, spray sugarcane rows with 300 times of 50% acetochlor to seal;

3.2) Peanut field management: During the flowering and needle stage of peanuts, perform intertillage, weeding and soil cultivation once, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice at the same time, and the spraying amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 45 kg/mu/time ; Spray 600 times of peanut-specific foliar fertilizer twice during the peanut pod setting period, and the spraying rate is 30 kg/mu/time; at the same time, according to the occurrence of peanut pests, spray pesticides in time;

3.3) Peanut harvesting: When the peanuts meet the harvesting requirements, the peanuts are harvested in time, and if possible, the peanut harvester can be used for harvesting;

(4) Sweet potato planting, field management and harvesting:

4.1) Sweet potato planting: After the peanuts are harvested, ridges are formed between the sugarcane wide rows, and then sweet potatoes are planted on the ridges. The depth of the sweet potato planting ditch is 8cm, and 50kg of bio-organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied per mu according to the actual planting area of sweet potatoes. 20kg and 20kg of potassium sulfate as base fertilizer, and at the same time, apply 2kg of Duxin granules to each mu of sweet potato planting land, mix well with the soil, and carry out underground insect control; use horizontal planting method to place sweet potato seedlings, cover soil, choose 120cm, thickness is 0.008cm The black weed-proof film is used to cover the film to complete the planting of sweet potatoes; when planting sweet potatoes, double-row planting is adopted, the distance between the plants of the double-row planting is 25cm, and 2100 plants are planted per mu;

4.2) Sweet potato field management: check the seedlings and replenish the seedlings within 7 days after the sweet potato is planted; when the sweet potato vines grow too vigorously, spray the sweet potato leaves with 1200 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspending agent for 3 times, and the spraying rate is 45 kg/mu / time; Spray the root system auxiliary growth liquid of auxiliary sweet potato tuber to float on the sweet potato blade again 3 times, spraying amount is 45 kilograms/mu/time; Described root system auxiliary growth liquid is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: water 500 parts , 20 parts of borax, 15 parts of ethanol, 30 parts of sodium humate, 0.6 parts of brassinolide, 1.6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

When the sweet potato leaves are infested with insects, add 15ml of 5% emamectin benzoate, 15ml of 5% lufenuron and 45g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to every 15 kg of water to spray the sweet potato leaves;

4.3) Sweet potato harvest: when the sweet potato meets the harvest requirements, harvest in time; after the sweet potato is harvested, topdress biogas slurry 400kg per mu of sugarcane;

(5) Continue to interplant peanuts and sweet potatoes in ratoon cane fields:

5.1) After the sugarcane is cut and harvested, the cane leaves should be mechanically crushed or incinerated in time, and then peanuts should be planted between the rows with a rotary tiller. The peanut planting method is the same as that of the newly planted sugarcane field;

5.2) Fertilize sugarcane from March to April, applying 80kg of sugarcane fertilizer and 12kg of potassium chloride per mu;

5.3) After the peanuts are harvested, the sweet potatoes are planted in a ridge in time, and the sweet potato planting method is the same as that of the newly planted sugarcane field.

Example 3

A cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between sugarcane wide rows, comprising the following steps:

(1) Land selection and land preparation: choose loamy soil or sandy loam soil with deep soil layer, loose structure, and rich in organic matter as the planting land; mechanically plow the planting land at a depth of 45 cm, and trench the sugarcane with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 22 cm according to a row spacing of 2.4 m. ditch;

(2) Newly planted sugarcane planting, field management and harvesting:

2.1) Newly planted sugarcane:

Select annual half-stem or half-stem full-stem species with strong tillering ability, good perennial root, strong drought resistance, lodging resistance, high yield and high sugar as sugarcane species, and cut the sugarcane species into double-bud segments to obtain sugarcane;

Before sowing, soak the sugarcane seeds to be sown with 800 times aqueous solution of 50% carbendazim for 10 minutes, sterilize the stems, and sow seeds from early February to early March. Or horizontally, close to the soil, with buds on both sides; after planting, apply 35kg of sugarcane fertilizer per mu of planting land, cover with soil, and then cover with photodegradable plastic film with a thickness of 0.008mm and a width of 50cm to complete the plastic film covering Cultivation; if the soil of the sugarcane field is relatively dry during planting, it should be drenched with water and then covered with plastic film;

2.2) Field management of newly planted sugarcane:

Check the seedlings and replenish the seedlings, artificially rupture the membranes of the sugarcane seedlings that have not been ruptured, and help the sugarcane seedlings to emerge. Drip irrigation or micro-spray irrigation;

From the end of tillering to the beginning of elongation, apply 55kg of sugarcane medicinal fertilizer and 12kg of potassium chloride per mu to fertilize and cultivate soil; strip off old and dead leaves 3 times from August to October; at the same time, spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests;

2.3) Harvesting of newly planted sugarcane: cutting and harvesting of sugarcane from the end of January to the end of February of the following year, if conditions permit, sugarcane harvesters can be used for harvesting;

(3) Peanut planting, field management and harvesting:

3.1) Peanut planting: After planting sugarcane, plant peanuts in wide rows with furrows between rows, row spacing of peanuts is 35cm, spacing of plants is 10cm, and single-grain drill; according to the actual planting area of peanuts, apply 25kg of compound fertilizer and 55kg of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers for peanut planting. Base fertilizer: the distance between sugarcane rows and peanut rows is 75cm, and within 3 days after peanut planting, spray sugarcane rows with 250 times of 50% acetochlor to seal;

3.2) Peanut field management: Intertillage, weeding, and soil cultivation should be carried out once during the flowering and needle stage of peanuts, and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed twice at the same time, and the spraying amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be 30 kg/mu/time ; Spray 500 times of peanut-specific foliar fertilizer twice at the peanut pod stage, and the spraying rate is 45 kg/mu/time; at the same time, spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of peanut pests;

3.3) Peanut harvesting: When the peanuts meet the harvesting requirements, the peanuts are harvested in time, and if possible, the peanut harvester can be used for harvesting;

(4) Sweet potato planting, field management and harvesting:

4.1) Sweet potato planting: After the peanuts are harvested, ridges are formed between the sugarcane wide rows, and then sweet potatoes are planted on the ridges. The depth of the sweet potato planting ditch is 6cm, and 45kg of bio-organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied per mu according to the actual planting area of sweet potatoes. 15kg and 17kg of potassium sulfate are used as base fertilizer, and at the same time, 1.5kg of Duxin granules are applied to each mu of sweet potato planting land, mixed with the soil, and underground insect control is carried out; the sweet potato seedlings are placed by horizontal planting method, and the soil is covered with 110cm and the thickness is 0.007cm The black weed-proof film is used to cover the film to complete the planting of sweet potatoes; when planting sweet potatoes, single-row planting is adopted, and the spacing of single-row planting is 18cm, and 1600 plants are planted per mu;

4.2) Sweet potato field management: check the seedlings and replenish the seedlings within 7 days after the sweet potato is planted; when the sweet potato vines grow too vigorously, spray the sweet potato leaves twice with 1100 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspending agent, and the spraying rate is 45 kg/mu / time; Spray the root system auxiliary growth liquid that assists sweet potato tubers to float on the sweet potato blade again 2 times, and the spraying amount is 30 kilograms/mu/time; The root system auxiliary growth liquid is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 450 parts of water , 17 parts of borax, 12 parts of ethanol, 28 parts of sodium humate, 0.4 parts of brassinosteroid, 1.4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

When the sweet potato leaves are infested with insects, add 12ml of 5% emamectin benzoate, 12ml of 5% lufenuron and 35g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to every 15 kg of water to spray the sweet potato leaves;

4.3) Sweet potato harvest: when the sweet potato meets the harvest requirements, harvest in time; after the sweet potato is harvested, topdress biogas slurry 350kg per mu of sugarcane;

(5) Continue to interplant peanuts and sweet potatoes in ratoon cane fields:

5.1) After the sugarcane is cut and harvested, the cane leaves should be mechanically crushed or incinerated in time, and then peanuts should be planted between the rows with a rotary tiller. The peanut planting method is the same as that of the newly planted sugarcane field;

5.2) Fertilize sugarcane from March to April, applying 100kg of sugarcane fertilizer and 10kg of potassium chloride per mu;

5.3) After the peanuts are harvested, the sweet potatoes are planted in a ridge in time, and the sweet potato planting method is the same as that of the newly planted sugarcane field.

Example 4

A cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between sugarcane wide rows, comprising the following steps:

(1) Land selection and land preparation: choose loamy soil or sandy loam soil with deep soil layer, loose structure, and rich in organic matter as the planting land; mechanically plow the planting land at a depth of 45 cm, and trench the sugarcane with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 22 cm according to a row spacing of 2.4 m. ditch;

(2) Newly planted sugarcane planting, field management and harvesting:

2.1) Newly planted sugarcane:

Select annual half-stem or half-stem full-stem species with strong tillering ability, good perennial roots, strong drought resistance, lodging resistance, high yield and high sugar as sugarcane species, and cut the sugarcane species into double-bud segments to obtain sugarcane;

Before sowing, soak the sugarcane seeds to be sown with 800 times aqueous solution of 50% carbendazim for 10 minutes, sterilize the stems, and sow seeds from early February to early March. Or horizontally, close to the soil, with buds on both sides; after planting, apply 35kg of sugarcane fertilizer per mu of planting land, cover with soil, and then cover with photodegradable plastic film with a thickness of 0.008mm and a width of 50cm to complete the plastic film covering Cultivation; if the soil of the sugarcane field is relatively dry during planting, it should be drenched with water and then covered with plastic film;

2.2) Field management of newly planted sugarcane:

Check the seedlings and replenish the seedlings, artificially rupture the membranes of the sugarcane seedlings that have not been ruptured to help the sugarcane seedlings emerge, and at the same time do a good job in drought prevention and water conservation, drain water in spring, and irrigate in a timely manner when drought occurs. Drip irrigation or micro-spray irrigation;

From the end of tillering to the beginning of elongation, apply 55kg of sugarcane medicinal fertilizer and 12kg of potassium chloride per mu to fertilize and cultivate soil; strip off old and dead leaves 3 times from August to October; at the same time, spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests;

2.3) Harvesting of newly planted sugarcane: cutting and harvesting of sugarcane from the end of January to the end of February of the following year, if conditions permit, sugarcane harvesters can be used for harvesting;

(3) Peanut planting, field management and harvesting:

3.1) Peanut planting: After sugarcane planting, ridges are formed between the wide rows, and then peanuts are planted on the ridges. The row spacing of peanuts is 35cm, the spacing of plants is 10cm, and single-grain drill; according to the actual planting area of peanuts, apply 25kg of compound fertilizer and calcium fertilizer per mu. Magnesium phosphate fertilizer 55kg is used as base fertilizer for peanut planting; the distance between sugarcane rows and peanut rows is 75cm, and within 3 days after peanut planting, spray sugarcane rows with 250 times of 50% acetochlor to seal;

3.2) Peanut field management: Intertillage, weeding, and soil cultivation should be carried out once during the flowering and needle stage of peanuts, and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed twice at the same time, and the spraying amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be 30 kg/mu/time ; Spray 500 times of peanut-specific foliar fertilizer twice at the peanut pod stage, and the spraying rate is 45 kg/mu/time; at the same time, spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of peanut pests;

3.3) Peanut harvesting: When the peanuts meet the harvesting requirements, the peanuts are harvested in time, and if possible, the peanut harvester can be used for harvesting;

(4) Sweet potato planting, field management and harvesting:

4.1) Sweet potato planting: After the peanuts are harvested, ditch the wide rows of sugarcane to plant sweet potatoes. The depth of the sweet potato planting ditch is 6cm. According to the actual planting area of sweet potatoes, apply 45kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 15kg of compound fertilizer and 17kg of potassium sulfate per mu as base fertilizer. At the same time, apply 1.5kg of Duxin granules to each mu of sweet potato planting land, mix well with the soil, and carry out underground insect control; adopt the horizontal planting method to place sweet potato seedlings, cover with soil, and use 110cm, 0.007cm thick black weed-proof film for covering film to complete the planting of sweet potatoes; single-row planting is adopted for sweet potato planting, the planting distance of single-row planting is 18cm, and 1600 plants are planted per mu;

4.2) Sweet potato field management: check the seedlings and replenish the seedlings within 7 days after the sweet potato is planted; when the sweet potato vines grow too vigorously, spray the sweet potato leaves twice with 1100 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspending agent, and the spraying rate is 45 kg/mu /Second-rate;

When the sweet potato leaves are infested with insects, add 12ml of 5% emamectin benzoate, 12ml of 5% lufenuron and 35g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to every 15 kg of water to spray the sweet potato leaves;

4.3) Sweet potato harvest: when the sweet potato meets the harvest requirements, harvest in time; after the sweet potato is harvested, topdress biogas slurry 350kg per mu of sugarcane;

(5) Continue to interplant peanuts and sweet potatoes in ratoon cane fields:

5.1) After the sugarcane is cut and harvested, the cane leaves should be mechanically crushed or incinerated in time, and then peanuts should be planted between the rows with a rotary tiller. The peanut planting method is the same as that of the newly planted sugarcane field;

5.2) Fertilize sugarcane from March to April, applying 100kg of sugarcane fertilizer and 10kg of potassium chloride per mu;

5.3) After the peanuts are harvested, the sweet potatoes are planted in a ridge in time, and the sweet potato planting method is the same as that of the newly planted sugarcane field.

The sugarcane yield, peanut fresh fruit yield, sweet potato fresh potato yield, and sweet potato tuber root fruiting position in the above-mentioned embodiments 1-4 were counted, and the statistical results are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1

project Sugarcane production (tons) Peanut Fresh Fruit Yield (kg) Yield of fresh sweet potato (kg) Sweet potato root firm location Example 1 6.8 220 355 --- Example 2 6.7 215 330 --- Example 3 7.2 235 468 --- Example 4 6.9 224 375 Floating 4~7cm

As can be seen from the planting conditions of the foregoing examples, a cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes between sugarcane wide rows of the present invention, compared with the conventional 1.0-1.2m row spacing sugarcane monoculture, the present invention increases the sugarcane planting row spacing by increasing the sugarcane planting distance. The ventilation and light transmission between the rows is conducive to increasing the diameter of the sugarcane stem and the weight of a single stem, and is more conducive to the mechanization of sugarcane and intercropping crops; at the same time, the present invention can use about half an acre of land in each acre of sugarcane field for intercropping peanuts Intercropping with sweet potatoes, under the condition of ensuring the sugarcane yield of 5-7 tons, one more season of peanuts and one more season of sweet potatoes can be harvested. Each mu of sugarcane land can produce 150-250kg of fresh peanuts, with an output value of 750-1500 yuan; it can produce fresh sweet potatoes of 250-250kg 500kg, the output value is 500-1500 yuan, which effectively improves the planting income of sugarcane fields, and also improves the land utilization rate and multiple cropping index, alleviates the contradiction between crops competing for land, and ensures the effective supply of agricultural products; The root system auxiliary growth liquid, the mature sweet potato tubers are closer to the top of the soil, which is convenient for harvesting sweet potato tubers, and at the same time will not reduce the yield of sweet potato tubers. Further, after the sweet potato tubers float up, the sweet potato roots will not float up and down, and the sweet potato roots will affect the soil structure. The damage is small, and the soil water retention, fertilizer retention capacity, permeability and buffer performance are all kept in a good state. Repeated interplanting of sweet potatoes and peanuts will not cause damage to the soil structure, which can ensure stable crop production, good economic benefits, and ecological protection.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A cultivation method for interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes in a wide row of sugarcane is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Land selection and preparation: selecting soil or sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose structure and rich organic matters as a planting field; mechanically deep ploughing the planting land by 40-50 cm, and ditching sugarcane furrows with the furrow depth of 25-35 cm and the width of 20-25 cm at the row width of 2.2-2.6 m;

(2) Planting newly planted sugarcane, field management and harvesting:

2.1 New sugarcane plants:

selecting half-stem seeds or full-stem seeds of full-year sugarcane with strong tillering capacity, good perennial root property, strong drought resistance, lodging resistance, high yield and high sugar as sugarcane seeds, and cutting the sugarcane seeds into double-bud segments to obtain sugarcane seeds to be sowed;

the method comprises the steps of (1) sterilizing seed stems of sugarcane seeds to be sown before sowing, sowing at the beginning of 2 months to 3 months, sowing 4000-6000 buds per mu, applying 25-50 kg of sugarcane fertilizer to each mu of planting land after sowing, covering soil, and covering a film with a mulching film to finish mulching cultivation;

2.2 Field management of newly planted sugarcane:

checking and supplementing seedlings, performing artificial membrane rupture on sugarcane seedlings which do not rupture membranes, helping the sugarcane seedlings to sprout, and simultaneously doing drought prevention and water conservation work;

from the late tillering stage to the early elongation stage, applying 50-75 kg of sugarcane pesticide fertilizer and 10-15 kg of potassium chloride to each mu of land for fertilizing and hilling; stripping off old and dead leaves for 2-3 times within 8-10 months; meanwhile, pesticide spraying is carried out in time according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests;

2.3 New planted sugarcane harvest: cutting and harvesting sugarcane from the bottom of 1 month to the bottom of 2 months in the next year;

(3) Peanut planting, field management and harvesting:

3.1 Peanut planting: after sugarcane is planted, furrowing is conducted on peanuts among wide rows, and 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer and 50-60 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to each mu of actual planting area of the peanuts as base fertilizers for planting the peanuts; the spacing between sugarcane rows and peanut rows is 70-80 cm, and within 3 days after peanut planting, 200-300 times of 50% acetochlor is sprayed between sugarcane rows for sealing;

3.2 Peanut field management: carrying out intertillage weeding and ridging for one time in the flowering and sowing period of the peanuts, and spraying 400-600 times of liquid of the foliar fertilizer special for the peanuts for 1-2 times in the pod bearing period of the peanuts; meanwhile, spraying pesticide to prevent and control in time according to the occurrence condition of peanut insect pests;

3.3 Harvesting peanuts: when the peanuts meet the harvesting requirements, harvesting in time;

(4) Sweet potato planting, field management and harvesting:

4.1 ) sweet potato planting: after the peanuts are harvested, ridging among wide rows of sugarcane, ditching and planting sweet potatoes on the ridges, wherein the depths of the ditches for planting the sweet potatoes are 5-8 cm, applying 40-50 kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 10-20 kg of compound fertilizer and 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate as base fertilizer per mu according to the actual planting area of the sweet potatoes, simultaneously applying 1-2 kg of toxic and pungent granules to each mu of sweet potato planting land, uniformly mixing the toxic and pungent granules with soil, and carrying out underground insect prevention; arranging sweet potato seedlings by adopting a horizontal planting method, covering soil and covering a film to complete sweet potato planting;

4.2 Sweet potato field management: seedling checking and supplementing are carried out within 7d after sweet potato planting; when the growth vigor of the sweet potato vines is over-vigorous, 1000-1200 times of liquid of 25 percent paclobutrazol suspension concentrate is sprayed on the sweet potato leaves for 1-3 times; spraying root system auxiliary growth liquid for assisting the floating of the sweet potato tuberous roots on the sweet potato leaves for 1 to 3 times; the root system auxiliary growth liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 to 500 portions of water, 15 to 20 portions of borax, 10 to 15 portions of ethanol, 25 to 30 portions of sodium humate, 0.3 to 0.6 portion of brassinolide and 1.3 to 1.6 portions of monopotassium phosphate;

4.3 ) sweet potato harvesting: when the sweet potatoes meet the harvesting requirement, harvesting in time;

(5) Continuously interplanting peanuts and sweet potatoes in the perennial root sugarcane field:

5.1 The sugarcane is chopped and harvested, sugarcane leaves are mechanically crushed or incinerated in time, and then peanuts are planted in a land preparation manner by a rotary cultivator between rows, wherein the peanut planting method is the same as that of the peanut planting method in a new sugarcane planting land;

5.2 Fertilizing sugarcane in 3-4 months, wherein 75-100 kg of sugarcane insecticide-fertilizer and 10-15 kg of potassium chloride are applied to each mu of sugarcane;

5.3 Timely ridging and planting the sweet potatoes after the peanuts are harvested, wherein the sweet potato planting method is the same as that of the sweet potatoes in the newly planted sugarcane field.

2. The method for cultivating the wide-row sugarcane interplanting peanuts and the sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the sugarcane seeds to be sown are soaked in an aqueous solution which is 800 times that of 50% carbendazim or an aqueous solution which is 1000 times that of 70% thiophanate-methyl for 10min before sowing in the step (2), seed stems are disinfected, sowing is carried out from 2 months to 3 months, the seed sowing amount per mu is 4000-6000 buds, 25-50 kg of sugarcane fertilizer is applied to each mu of planting land after sowing, soil is covered, and then a photodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.005-0.010 mm and the width of 40-60 cm is used for mulching cultivation.

3. The method for cultivating wide-row sugarcane inter-sleeved peanuts and sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein 55-75 kg of sugarcane insecticide fertilizer and 12-15 kg of potassium chloride are applied to each mu of land for fertilizing and banking in the step (2) from the late tillering stage to the early elongation stage; stripping off old and dead leaves for 2-3 times within 8-10 months; meanwhile, pesticide spraying prevention and control are carried out in time according to the occurrence condition of sugarcane insect pests.

4. The method for cultivating wide-row intercropped peanuts and sweet potatoes of sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein the sugarcane insecticide-fertilizer in the step (2) is a comprehensive insecticide-fertilizer particle mixture which is formed by processing and fusing an insecticide, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium and trace elements and an organic fertilizer together through a physical and chemical method and has the effects of controlling pests of the sugarcane and providing essential large and medium trace elements for the growth of the sugarcane.

5. The method for cultivating sugar cane wide-row intercropped peanuts and sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer in the step (3) and the step (4) is 45% (15-15-15) of the compound fertilizer.

6. The method for cultivating the wide-row intercropped peanuts and the sweet potatoes in the sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), one intertillage weeding and hilling is carried out in the needle period of peanut flowering, and 0.2-0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed for 1-2 times; spraying 400-600 times of the foliar fertilizer special for peanuts for 1-2 times in the pod bearing period of the peanuts.

7. The method for cultivating sugar cane wide-row intercropped peanuts and sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the sweet potatoes are planted in step (4) in a single row or double row mode, the row spacing of the single row planting is 15-20 cm, and 1300-2000 plants are planted per mu; the row spacing of double row planting is 20-25 cm, and 2100-3000 plants are planted per mu.

8. The method for cultivating wide-row sugarcane intercropped peanuts and sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the root system auxiliary growth solution in the step (4) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450 to 500 portions of water, 17 to 20 portions of borax, 12 to 15 portions of ethanol, 28 to 30 portions of sodium humate, 0.4 to 0.6 portion of brassinolide and 1.4 to 1.6 portions of monopotassium phosphate.

9. The method for cultivating wide-row intercropped peanuts and sweet potatoes of sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein 300-400 kg of biogas slurry is applied to each acre of sugarcane after the sweet potatoes are harvested in the step (4).