CN114508757A - Air distribution system for small household garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator and incinerator thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an air distribution system for a small household garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator, which comprises an annular air pipe and an air supply main pipe, wherein the air supply main pipe is provided with a first air pipe, a second air pipe and a third air pipe. The air distribution system for the small household garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator actively conveys the doped combustion air to different reaction regions of a hearth by three paths of air to maintain garbage reaction, actively controls a flow field in the incinerator, can actively control oxygen supply to corresponding regions according to aerobic rules of garbage in different reaction regions, is favorable for improving the stability of the flow field of the hearth, optimizing the reaction process of the garbage, reducing external energy consumption of various reactions of the garbage and the heat ignition rate of ash residues, improving the component stability of pyrolysis gas and the operation stability of a secondary combustion chamber, is convenient for further treatment of the pyrolysis gas, and creates favorable conditions for the incinerator to achieve better emission level.

Description

Air distribution system for small domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator and its incinerator

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of domestic waste treatment, in particular to an air distribution system for a small-scale domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator and the incinerator thereof.

Background technique

Distributed domestic waste incineration is another new trend to solve urban and rural domestic waste in addition to large-scale centralized incineration power generation, and it is a necessary supplement to large-scale centralized incineration power generation. The key to the development of decentralized domestic waste incineration treatment is the maturity of small domestic waste incinerators with strict pollutant discharge standards. The study found that the small-scale domestic waste incinerator based on the pyrolysis incineration process can achieve extremely low emission levels due to important pollution factors such as dioxins and carbon monoxide, and has a good development prospect.

The core idea of the pyrolysis process is to heat the domestic waste in an oxygen-free environment to cause a pyrolysis reaction to generate pyrolysis gas containing combustible components and environmentally harmless residues. The pyrolysis gas is supplemented by air. Premixed combustion occurs and the desired temperature is reached, and the concentration of organic pollutant components in the high-temperature flue gas discharged through the secondary combustion is very low.

Since the pyrolysis reaction is an endothermic reaction with reducing properties, two conditions, such as high temperature and no oxygen, are required for the pyrolysis reaction of waste to occur. Among them, having high temperature conditions means that the garbage should be heated, and the usual heating methods include direct heating and indirect heating. The so-called direct heating means that the high-temperature working fluid directly contacts and exchanges heat with the waste, that is, the working fluid directly seeps through the waste layer to heat the waste; the so-called indirect heating means that the heated working fluid does not directly contact the waste, and the working fluid does not directly contact the waste. The heat in the rubbish is transmitted to the garbage through the conduction of the heat-conducting wall, that is, there is a heat-conducting wall between the garbage and the heating medium. Since garbage is a poor conductor of heat, indirect heating methods are often extremely inefficient and costly, making it difficult to get practical engineering applications. Therefore, it is more advantageous to use direct heating to heat up the garbage. With anaerobic conditions, it means that the garbage cannot come into contact with oxygen.

For the practical engineering problem of waste incineration, using high temperature flue gas without oxygen components as the working medium for heating waste is the most feasible technical route. The most direct way to obtain high-temperature flue gas without oxygen components is to oxidize the air with the solid residue after the pyrolysis of the garbage until the oxygen in the mixed air is exhausted.

Compared with large-scale domestic waste incinerators, the furnace volume of small incinerators is small, and the garbage layer in the furnace is very uneven because the garbage is not pretreated before entering the furnace, so the flow field in the furnace is very unstable, which is easy to cause the furnace The matching relationship between the internal waste and the air has undergone major changes, resulting in unstable components of the high-temperature flue gas entering the pyrolysis zone and the pyrolysis reaction, resulting in unstable components of the pyrolysis gas, and sometimes even non-flammable, making the secondary pyrolysis gas unstable. It is difficult for the combustion chamber to operate stably and the emission of flue gas pollutants exceeds the standard. Therefore, for small domestic waste incinerators using pyrolysis process, it is very important to organize an ideal and stable flow field in the furnace, and the air distribution system is the key to organize the flow field in the furnace.

Therefore, the development of an air distribution system that is conducive to ideal organization and stable flow field in the furnace is of great significance to the research and development of ultra-low emission small domestic waste incinerators.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an air distribution system for a small-scale domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator and its incinerator, so as to solve the problem that the waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator in the prior art cannot achieve an ideal and stable furnace Internal flow field problem.

For solving the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

Air distribution system for small domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator, including:

an annular air duct, the annular air duct is arranged inside the side wall of the furnace body, and is provided with an inward blowing port that communicates with the furnace in the circumferential direction;

an air supply main pipe, the air supply main pipe is arranged outside the furnace body, and is provided with a first air duct, a second air duct, and a third air duct;

The first air duct passes through the side wall of the furnace body and communicates with the annular air duct;

The second air duct passes through the side wall of the furnace body and extends to the ash and slag cavity; the second air duct is provided with a vertical pipe that communicates with the ash and slag cavity; the vertical The pipe passes through the grate, extends to the hearth, and is provided with an outward blowing port communicated with the hearth;

The third air duct passes through the side wall of the slag collecting hopper and extends to the ash and slag cavity.

Preferably, the distance between the gas outlet of the outward blowing port and the centerline of the furnace increases from top to bottom along the vertical pipe.

Preferably, the vertical pipe is located on the center line of the furnace, and the outward blowing port is a blowing pipe provided on the vertical pipe; the blowing pipe goes up along the vertical pipe from top to bottom. The lower circumference is arranged, and the length of the blowing pipe with a high horizontal position is smaller than the length of the blowing pipe with a low horizontal position, so that the distance between the gas outlet of the blowing pipe and the center line of the furnace is from top to bottom gradually increase.

Preferably, the gas outlet direction of the inward blowing port is inclined upward.

Preferably, there is an included angle of 20-45° between the gas outlet direction of the inward blowing port and the horizontal plane.

Preferably, the first air duct is provided with a first air regulating valve outside the furnace body; and/or,

The second air duct is provided with a second air regulating valve outside the furnace body; and/or,

The third air duct is provided with a third air regulating valve outside the wall of the slag collecting hopper.

Preferably, one or more of the first air regulating valve, the second air regulating valve and the third air regulating valve are electric valves.

Preferably, one or more of the first air regulating valve, the second air regulating valve and the third air regulating valve are manual valves.

Preferably, the manual valve includes:

an air duct, the air duct is coaxial with the air duct to be adjusted;

a rotating shaft seat, the rotating shaft seat is arranged on the outer side of the air passage;

a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft penetrates the air passage and the rotating shaft seat;

a fixed plate, the fixed plate is arranged on the rotating shaft seat;

a spoiler plate, which is arranged on the rotating shaft and is located inside the air passage pipe, so that the spoiler plate can rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft inside the wind passage pipe;

a swing arm, the swing arm is arranged on the rotating shaft and is located outside the air passing duct, so that the swing arm can rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft outside the air passing duct; the swing arm and the The fixed plate is fixed, and the flow rate of the valve is indicated by the relative position between the swing arm and the fixed plate.

When the above manual valve needs to adjust the flow, the swing arm can be toggled to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby making the baffle plate rotate at a certain angle, changing the gap between the baffle plate and the air passage. By changing the relative position of the air passage, the flow rate of the air can be changed, and the reaction atmosphere in the deep burning zone and the burnout zone can be controlled, such as the adjustment of oxygen concentration and gas temperature.

The air distribution system for the small-scale domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator according to the present invention has the following working process when the incinerator is running:

The mixed combustion air enters the air supply main pipe and is divided into three air paths:

The first air enters the annular air duct through the first air duct, and then enters into the deep burning area of the furnace from the inward blowing port to participate in the combustion of garbage;

The second air passes through the second air duct, enters the vertical duct, and then enters the deep burning area of the furnace from the outward blowing port to participate in the combustion of the waste pyrolysis residue.

The third air enters the ash cavity through the third air duct, and turns to flow upward while exchanging heat with the slag, crosses the gap of the grate and enters the burnout area of the furnace. Participate in the burning of residues from the deep burning of garbage.

When it is necessary to adjust the flow of any one or several of the first air, the second air, and the third air, the first air adjustment valve, the second air adjustment valve, and the third air adjustment can be used. valve to adjust.

After the mixed combustion air passes through the reaction of the deep combustion zone and the burnout zone, the oxygen components in it are exhausted, and the temperature rises, generally reaching above 600°C, and then the mixed combustion air enters the heat. The pyrolysis zone provides energy for the pyrolysis reaction of the waste, and generates pyrolysis gas containing combustible components, which is discharged from the exhaust pipe and flows downstream for further processing.

The incinerator of the present invention includes the air distribution system for the small-scale domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator.

Preferably, the incinerator includes at least:

a furnace body, the interior of the furnace body is a cavity;

a grate, which is located in the furnace body and divides the cavity of the furnace body into an upper furnace chamber and a lower ash cavity;

A slag collecting hopper, the slag collecting hopper is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body.

The above-mentioned scheme of the present invention at least includes the following beneficial effects:

The air distribution system for a small-scale domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator of the present invention actively transports the mixed combustion air into three different reaction zones of the furnace to maintain the reaction of the waste, actively controls the flow field in the furnace, and can Actively controlling the oxygen supply in the corresponding areas according to the oxygen demand laws of different reaction areas is beneficial to improve the stability of the furnace flow field, optimize the reaction process of the waste, and reduce the external energy consumption of various reactions of the waste and the heat of the ash and slag. The reduction rate on ignition, the improvement of the composition stability of the pyrolysis gas and the running stability of the secondary combustion chamber are convenient for the further treatment of the pyrolysis gas, and create favorable conditions for the incinerator to achieve a better emission level. in particular:

(1) The air distribution system actively controls the oxygen supply required by each reaction zone according to the ideal oxygen supply law required by the waste in different reaction zones of the furnace, thereby helping to optimize the reaction process of the waste;

(2) Forcibly feeding air into different parts of the furnace is conducive to improving the stability of the flow field in the furnace and reducing the fluctuation range of the reaction of garbage in the furnace, so that the composition of the pyrolysis gas flowing out of the furnace is more stable, which is more conducive to heat The downstream processing link of degassing is carried out;

(3) Part of the energy contained in the ash and slag is recovered to improve the reaction in the furnace, and the temperature when the ash and slag is discharged out of the furnace is reduced to improve the safety of operation.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of an air distribution system for a small-scale domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator described in Example 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view at I of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the axonometric view of the second air pipe, the vertical pipe and the outward blowing port assembly of the air distribution system for the small-scale domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator described in Example 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view at II of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view at III of Fig. 1;

6 is a cross-sectional view in the direction A-A of FIG. 5;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the incinerator described in the embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram in the A direction of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view of part I of Fig. 7;

Fig. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view in the direction B-B of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view of II of Fig. 7 in the state before the ash and slag chamber is not discharged;

Fig. 12 is a partial enlarged view of II in Fig. 7 in the state after the ash and slag chamber has not been discharged;

13 is a schematic structural diagram of the furnace body of the incinerator described in Example 2 of the present invention;

Among them, 1. Furnace body; 2. Furnace; 3. Exhaust pipe; 4. Pyrolysis gas; 5. First air regulating valve; 6. First air duct; 7. Second air regulating valve; 8. No. Two-way air duct; 9. Third air regulating valve; 10. Third-way air duct; 11. Air supply main pipe; 12. Mixing air; 13. Slag collecting bucket; 14. Ash; 15. Ash cavity; 16. The third wind; 17, the grate; 18, the burnout area; 19, the annular air duct; 20, the first wind; 21, the deep burning area; 22, the second wind; 23, the pyrolysis area; 24, vertical pipe; 25, inward air outlet, 26, outward air outlet; 27, included angle; 28, air duct; 29, spoiler; 30, shaft seat; 31, fixed plate; 32, swing Arm; 33, rotating shaft; 34, smoke collecting pipe; 35, secondary combustion chamber; 36, feeding port; 37, feeding door; 38, gas gathering channel; 381, first gas gathering channel plate; 382, second Gas gathering channel plate; 39, flue gas pipe; 40, slag discharge port; 41, slag discharge door; 42, shell; 43, thermal insulation layer; 44, refractory layer; 45, anchor; 46, slag blocking bar; 47, Preheat drying zone.

Detailed ways

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be more thoroughly understood, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1-6, the air distribution system for a small-scale domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator proposed by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

Annular air duct 19, the annular air duct 19 is arranged inside the side wall of the furnace body 1, and is circumferentially provided with an inward blowing port 25 that communicates with the furnace 2; the gas outlet of the inward blowing port 25 points to the The centerline of furnace 2;

The air supply main pipe 11, the air supply main pipe 11 is arranged outside the furnace body 1, and is provided with the first air duct 6, the second air duct 8, and the third air duct 10;

The first air duct 6 passes through the side wall of the furnace body 1 and communicates with the annular air duct 19;

The second air duct 8 passes through the side wall of the furnace body 1 and extends to the ash cavity 15 ; the second air duct 8 is provided with a vertical pipe communicating with the ash cavity 15 24; the vertical pipe 24 passes through the grate 17, extends to the furnace 2, and is provided with an outward blowing port 26 that communicates with the furnace 2; the gas outlet of the outward blowing port 26 points to the Describe the surrounding side walls of the hearth 2;

The third air duct 10 passes through the side wall of the slag collecting bucket 13 and extends to the ash and slag cavity 15 .

The air distribution system for a small domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator described in this embodiment can be applied to an incinerator with the following structure: the incinerator includes a furnace body 1, a grate 17, a slag collecting hopper 13, a Gas pipe 3, wherein the inside of the furnace body 1 is a cavity; the grate 17 is located in the furnace body 1, and divides the cavity of the furnace body 1 into the upper furnace chamber 2 and the lower ash slag cavity 15 ; the slag collecting hopper 13 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1 ; the exhaust pipe 3 is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 1 .

There are mainly three chemical reaction zones in the furnace 2, from top to bottom are the pyrolysis zone 23 where the pyrolysis reaction occurs, the deep burning zone 21 where the pyrolysis residues undergo incomplete oxidation reaction, and the deep burning residues are burnt through. In the burnout zone 23 , the burnt-out ash 14 enters the ash cavity 15 .

The working process of the air distribution system for the small-scale domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator described in this embodiment is as follows:

The mixed combustion air 12 enters the air supply main pipe 11 and is divided into three air paths:

The first air 20 enters the annular air duct 19 through the first air duct 6, and then enters the deep burning area 21 of the furnace 2 from the inward air outlet 25 to participate in the combustion of garbage;

The second air 22 enters the vertical pipe 24 through the second air duct 8, and then enters the deep burning area 21 of the furnace 2 from the outward air outlet 26 to participate in the pyrolysis of waste residues burning,

The third air 16 enters the ash and slag cavity 15 through the third air duct 10 , and turns to flow upward while exchanging heat with the ash 14 , and enters the furnace through the gap of the grate 17 . The burnout zone 18 of 2 participates in the burning of the residues of the deep burning of garbage.

After the mixed combustion air 12 passes through the reaction of the deep combustion zone 21 and the burnout zone 18, the oxygen components in it are exhausted, and the temperature rises, generally reaching above 600°C, and then the mixed combustion air 12 is fed. In the pyrolysis zone 23 , energy is provided for the pyrolysis reaction of the garbage, and a pyrolysis gas 4 containing combustible components is generated, and the pyrolysis gas 4 is discharged out of the furnace from the exhaust pipe 3 and flows downstream.

As a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the distance between the gas outlet of the outward blowing port 26 and the centerline of the furnace 2 increases from top to bottom along the vertical pipe 24 . With this arrangement, the lower the position of the gas outlet of the outward blowing port 26, that is, the closer it is to the grate 17, the farther the gas outlet is from the centerline of the furnace 2, so that all the The outward air outlet 26 is formed into a roughly "pagoda-like" structure, which is more conducive to the waste pyrolysis residue entering the deep burning area 21, and the waste deep burning residue passing through the deep burning area when entering the burning out area 18. It is more loose, and the distribution of the second road air 22 is more uniform, which can speed up the reaction speed of the deep-burning zone 21 and the burning-out zone 18 .

The structural design of the outward blowing port 26 is not unique. In this embodiment, a specific design method is provided. The vertical pipe 24 is located on the center line of the furnace 2, and the outward blowing port is 26 is a blowing pipe arranged on the vertical pipe 24; the blowing pipe is circumferentially arranged from top to bottom along the vertical pipe 24, and the length of the blowing pipe with a high horizontal position is shorter than that of a low horizontal position. The length of the blowing pipe is such that the distance between the gas outlet of the blowing pipe and the centerline of the furnace 2 increases from top to bottom.

In order to form an ideal flow field, the gas outlet direction of the inward blowing port 25 is inclined upward. That is, the gas outlet direction of the inward blowing port 25 is directed obliquely upward to the centerline of the furnace chamber 2 . There is an included angle 27 of 20-45° between the gas outlet direction of the inward blowing port 25 and the horizontal plane. The existence of the included angle 27 within the above-mentioned value range is conducive to the more uniform distribution of the first air flow 20 in the deep-burning area 21, thereby improving the deep-burning effect of the waste pyrolysis residue.

In order to better control the gas flow of the first air 20 , the second air 22 and the third air 16 , the first air duct 6 is provided with a first air regulating valve outside the furnace body 1 . 5. The second air duct 8 is provided with a second air regulating valve 7 outside the furnace body 1; Three damper 9.

One or more of the first air regulating valve 5 , the second air regulating valve 7 and the third air regulating valve 9 may be electric valves or manual valves. When an electric valve is used, the flow of the three-way air can be automatically controlled by the control system of the incinerator, thereby controlling the reaction atmosphere in the deep combustion zone 21 and the burnout zone 18, such as the adjustment of oxygen concentration and gas temperature.

When a manual valve is used, a conventional manual valve in the prior art can be selected. In this embodiment, a preferred implementation is provided. The manual valve includes: an air passage 28 , a rotating shaft seat 30 , a rotating shaft 33 , and a fixed plate 31 , spoiler 29 , swing arm 32 . The air passage 28 is coaxial with the air duct to be adjusted; in this embodiment, taking the first air regulating valve 5 as an example, the air passage 28 is coaxial with the first air duct 6 . The rotating shaft seat 30 is arranged on the outer side of the air passage 28 . The rotating shaft 33 penetrates the air passage 28 and the rotating shaft seat 20 . The fixing plate 31 is arranged on the rotating shaft seat 30 . The baffle plate 29 is disposed on the rotating shaft 33 and located inside the air passage 28 , so that the baffle 29 can rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 33 inside the air passage 28 . The swing arm 32 is arranged on the rotating shaft 33 and is located outside the air passage 28, so that the swing arm 32 can rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 33 outside the air passage 28; the The swing arm 32 is fixed to the fixed plate 31 , and the flow rate of the valve is indicated by the relative position between the swing arm 32 and the fixed plate 31 .

When the above manual valve needs to adjust the flow, the swing arm 32 can be toggled to drive the rotating shaft 33 to rotate, thereby making the baffle 29 rotate a certain angle, and changing the relationship between the baffle 29 and the filter. The relative position between the air ducts 28 can change the flow area of the air duct 28, and the flow rate of the air can be changed, thereby controlling the reaction atmosphere of the deep-burning zone 21 and the burning-out zone 18, such as oxygen concentration, gas temperature regulation.

Example 2

As shown in FIGS. 7-13 , this embodiment proposes an incinerator, including the air distribution system described in Embodiment 1 for a small-scale domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator. The incinerator at least includes: a furnace body 1 , a grate 17 , and a slag collecting hopper 13 .

As a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the incinerator includes: a furnace body 1, a grate 17, a smoke collecting pipe 34, an exhaust pipe 3, a secondary combustion chamber 35, and a slag collecting hopper 13;

The inside of the furnace body 1 is a cavity, and the top is provided with a feeding port 36 and a feeding door 37 that can be sealingly matched with the feeding port 36 .

The grate 17 is located in the furnace body 1 and divides the cavity of the furnace body 1 into an upper furnace chamber 2 and a lower ash cavity 15; that is, the grate 17 and the furnace body 1 The space enclosed by the inner surface of the side wall, the top, and the feeding door 37 is the furnace 2, the inner surface of the side wall of the grate 17 and the furnace body 1, the inner surface of the slag collecting hopper 13, the slag discharge The space enclosed by the door 41 is the ash cavity 15;

The smoke collecting pipe 34 is arranged on the side inner wall of the furnace body 1, and communicates with the furnace chamber 2 through a gas gathering channel 38; The gas channel plate 382 is formed; one end of the first gas gathering channel plate 381 is fixed on the inner wall of the furnace body 1, the other end is a free end, and extends toward the second gas gathering channel plate 382; the second gas gathering channel plate 382 is formed. One end of the gas-gathering channel plate 382 is fixed on the inner wall of the furnace body 1, and the other end is a free end, and extends toward the first gas-gathering channel plate 381; the first gas-gathering channel plate 381, the second gas-gathering channel plate 381 An acute angle is formed between the channel plates 382 , and the free ends of the first gas gathering channel plate 381 and the second gas gathering channel plate 382 form a gap toward the bottom of the furnace body 1 suitable for the passage of gas.

The exhaust pipe 3 is arranged on the side outer wall of the furnace body 1 and communicates with the smoke collecting pipe 34;

The inlet of the secondary combustion chamber 35 is communicated with the exhaust pipe 3, and the outlet is provided with a flue gas pipe 39;

The slag collecting hopper 13 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1, and is provided with a slag discharge port 40 and a slag discharge door 41 which can be sealed and matched with the slag discharge port 40.

The geometric center of the feed port 36 coincides with the geometric center of the top of the furnace body 1 . In this way, the symmetry of the garbage layer after the garbage enters the furnace 2 can be better on the center line of the furnace, so as to prevent the garbage layer from converging to a certain side of the furnace body 1 to cause the furnace flow field, which is not conducive to the flow field of the furnace. various reactions.

The side wall of the furnace body 1 is sequentially provided with an outer shell 42 , a heat insulating layer 43 and a refractory layer 44 from the outside to the inside. The arrangement of the three-layer structure not only increases the durability of the furnace body 1 , but also reduces the heat dissipation of the furnace body 1 and increases the strength of the furnace body 1 .

As a preferred implementation of this embodiment, a tension anchor 45 is provided between the refractory layer 44 and the outer shell 42 , one end of the tension anchor 45 is fixed on the outer shell 42 , and the other end is embedded in the refractory layer 44 . The arrangement of the anchors 45 can effectively prevent the refractory layer 44 from falling off, so that the refractory layer of the furnace body is stronger. In this embodiment, one end of the anchor 45 embedded in the refractory layer 44 is "L" shaped, and such a structure is more stable when embedded in the refractory layer 44 and is not easy to fall off. It should be noted that the specific structural design of the pull anchor 45 is not unique, and the end of the pull anchor 45 embedded in the refractory layer 44 may also be in a "T" shape.

As a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the slag collecting hopper 13 is provided with a slag retaining bar 46 inside, and the slag retaining bar 46 is provided on the inner surface of the slag collecting hopper 13 . Every time the ash is discharged, due to the blocking effect of the slag blocking bar 46, there is still some remaining ash in the ash cavity 15, and the remaining cold ash can mix the hot ash 14 that falls subsequently with the ash. The inner wall of the slag collecting hopper 13 is separated, or the possibility of contact between the hot ash and the inner wall of the slag collecting hopper can be reduced. Since the ash and slag are poor conductors of heat, the surface temperature of the outer wall of the slag collecting hopper 13 can be reduced, and the incineration can be improved. The operation of the furnace is safe, and the heat dissipation of the ash and slag is reduced, which is more conducive to the ideal reaction of the garbage in the furnace.

The working process of the small-scale domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator described in this embodiment is as follows:

Open the feeding door 37, feed the garbage to be treated from the feeding port 36 to the furnace chamber 2, and then close the feeding door 37, so that the air outside the furnace cannot enter the furnace; Entering into the furnace 2 through the air distribution system to maintain a series of reactions of the garbage in the furnace 2; the garbage in the furnace 2 forms ash after a series of reactions such as preheating, drying, pyrolysis, deep burning, and burning out. Slag 14 and pyrolysis gas 4 containing organic combustible components, the ash 14 falls into the ash cavity 15 from the gap of the grate 17;

The pyrolysis gas 4 enters the smoke collecting pipe 34 from the gas gathering channel 38, and then enters the secondary combustion chamber 35 through the exhaust pipe 3, and the pyrolysis gas 4 enters the The secondary combustion chamber 35 is mixed with air mixed to form an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, in which the combustible components undergo an oxidation reaction, release heat, and convert the pyrolysis gas 4 into The high-temperature flue gas with higher temperature and very low concentration of organic pollutants enters the high-temperature flue gas pipe 39 and is discharged or discharged downstream; wherein, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 850°C-930°C.

The waste moves from top to bottom in the furnace 2, and forms an oxygen-free preheating and drying zone 47, an oxygen-free pyrolysis zone 23, and an oxygen-depleted atmosphere deep burning in the furnace 2 from top to bottom. Zone 21, burnout zone 18 for oxygen-enriched atmosphere.

Specifically, the garbage enters the furnace 2, and firstly, it enters the preheating and drying zone 47 in an oxygen-free atmosphere (“anaerobic” here refers to an extremely oxygen-depleted state that is almost oxygen-free), where the garbage is preheated and dried. Zone 47 is preheated and dried, and in the process of preheating and drying, it gradually moves to the pyrolysis zone 23 in an oxygen-free atmosphere, and further absorbs heat and heats up to above 110°C, so that the moisture in the garbage is further evaporated, and some organic The polymer components are close to the cracked state;

Then, the garbage enters the pyrolysis zone 23, and in the pyrolysis zone 23, the garbage further absorbs heat, heats up to a temperature range where the pyrolysis reaction can occur, and starts a pyrolysis reaction; the pyrolysis reaction includes: The organic polymer components in the garbage undergo cracking reaction, and the biomass components undergo dry distillation reaction. Specifically, the organic polymer material components in the garbage, such as various plastics, rubbers, etc., will undergo cracking reactions when heated in an oxygen-free atmosphere, generating C ₂ H ₄ , C ₂ H ₆ , CH ₄ , H ₂ , etc. Combustible gases and carbon black, the so-called gasification reaction. The components of the products at different temperatures are different. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the smaller the product molecules. The pyrolysis reaction is generally carried out in the temperature range of 280°C to 650°C; at the same time, the biomass material components in the garbage, such as leaves, wood, etc. , in an oxygen-free atmosphere, a dry distillation reaction will occur, resulting in gaseous wood tar in the furnace, wood gas containing CH ₄ , H ₂ , CH ₃ OH and other combustible components, and solid carbon, also known as the so-called carbonization reaction. The temperature of the carbonization reaction is generally carried out in the temperature range of 250 ° C - 600 ° C, which is similar to the common principle of wood charcoal. The above reactions are very complex, and various reactions are intertwined, and there is no clear temperature, time, and physical space boundaries. Both the cracking reaction and the dry distillation reaction are endothermic reactions, that is, external heat is required to make the reaction continue. The heat that keeps the reaction going includes high-temperature flue gas from bottom to top, in the opposite direction of the garbage movement. Although garbage is a poor conductor of heat, because the high-temperature flue gas seeps through the gaps in the garbage layer and directly and fully contacts the garbage, the heat absorption rate of the garbage is fast, and the pyrolysis reaction proceeds rapidly.

Next, after the pyrolysis reaction, the waste residue and solid products move downward in the furnace 2 and enter the deep-burning zone 21 in a moderately oxygen-depleted atmosphere, where they come into contact with the mixed-burning air once, and in the deep-firing zone Insufficient oxidation reaction occurs in 21, generating combustible components such as CO, H ₂ and non-combustible components such as CO ₂ , and releasing heat;

Finally, the waste residues and solid products after deep burning, such as combustion-resistant components, inert substances, solid carbon, etc. in the waste, move downward in the furnace chamber 2 and enter the oxygen-rich burn-out zone 18. The burnout zone 18 is in contact with the first-combustion air containing oxygen concentration, and a sufficient oxidation reaction occurs, releasing heat, and forming ash 14 with an extremely low thermal loss rate, and the ash 14 passes through the grate 17 into the ash cavity 15 .

It can be seen that the movement of waste and its reaction products and residues at all levels in the furnace 2 is gradually downward, and the process of morphological change is gradually changing from primary waste to dry waste, pyrolysis residues, deep burning residues, ash residues 14.

As a preferred implementation of this implementation, when the garbage reacts in the furnace chamber 2, a combustion air is sent into the furnace chamber 2 through the air distribution system, so that part of the combustion air enters the furnace chamber 2. The ash cavity 15 absorbs part of the heat of the ash 14 and then passes upward through the grate 17 into the burnout zone 18, the deep combustion zone 21 and other combustion air entering the furnace. Mixing, maintaining the continuous progress of various reactions in the burn-out zone 18 and the deep-burning zone 21, the oxygen components in the first-combustion mixing air are gradually consumed, and the temperature is raised; then the A combustion-mixed air enters the pyrolysis zone 23, so that the garbage undergoes a pyrolysis reaction in the pyrolysis zone 23 to form a pyrolysis gas 4 containing combustible components; finally, the combustion-mixed air enters the pyrolysis zone 23. The preheating and drying zone 47 is used to preheat and dry the garbage and reduce the temperature.

It can be seen that the movement of the first-combustion mixed air in the furnace chamber 2 is gradually upward, the temperature change history is first increased and then decreased, and the change history of its oxygen content is gradually reduced to zero.

It should also be noted that the small-scale domestic waste cleaning incineration system of the present invention is mainly used for small-scale domestic waste incinerators, but can also be used in other occasions, including but not limited to medium-sized domestic waste incinerators, medical waste incinerators, industrial waste incinerators, etc. Solid waste incinerators, etc.

The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An air distribution system for a small-sized domestic garbage pyrolysis and gasification incinerator, which is characterized by comprising:

the annular air pipe (19) is annularly arranged inside the side wall of the furnace body (1), and an inward blowing opening (25) communicated with the hearth (2) is circumferentially arranged on the annular air pipe (19);

the main air supply pipe (11) is arranged outside the furnace body (1), and is provided with a first air pipe (6), a second air pipe (8) and a third air pipe (10);

the first air pipe (6) penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body (1) and is communicated with the annular air pipe (19);

the second air pipe (8) penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body (1) and extends to the ash cavity (15); a vertical pipe (24) communicated with the ash cavity (15) is arranged on the second air pipe (8); the vertical pipe (24) penetrates through the fire grate (17), extends to the hearth (2), and is provided with an outward blowing port (26) communicated with the hearth (2);

and the third air pipe (10) penetrates through the side wall of the slag collecting hopper (13) and extends to the ash cavity (15).

2. The air distribution system for a small-sized domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the gas outlet of said outward blowing port (26) and the center line of said furnace (2) increases from top to bottom along said vertical pipe (24).

3. The air distribution system for a small-sized domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said gas outlet direction of said inward blowing port (25) is obliquely upward.

4. The air distribution system for a small-sized domestic garbage pyrolysis and gasification incinerator according to claim 3, wherein said inward blowing port (25) has an angle (27) between the gas outlet direction and the horizontal plane of 20-45 °.

5. The air distribution system for a small-sized domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator according to claim 1,

the first air duct (6) is provided with a first air regulating valve (5) outside the furnace body (1); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the second air pipe (8) is provided with a second air regulating valve (7) outside the furnace body (1); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

and a third air adjusting valve (9) is arranged outside the wall of the slag collecting hopper (13) of the third air pipe (10).

6. The air distribution system for the small-sized domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator according to claim 5, wherein one or more of said first air regulating valve (5), said second air regulating valve (7) and said third air regulating valve (9) are electrically operated valves.

7. The air distribution system for the small-sized domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator according to claim 5, wherein one or more of said first air regulating valve (5), said second air regulating valve (7) and said third air regulating valve (9) are manual valves.

8. The air distribution system for a small-sized domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator according to claim 7, wherein said manual valve comprises:

the air passing pipe (28) is coaxial with the air pipe to be adjusted;

the rotating shaft seat (30), the rotating shaft seat (30) is arranged on the outer side of the air passing pipe (28);

the rotating shaft (33), the rotating shaft (33) penetrates through the air passing pipe (28) and the rotating shaft seat (20);

the fixed disc (31), the said fixed disc (31) locates on the said spindle seat (30);

the spoiler (29) is arranged on the rotating shaft (33) and is positioned inside the air passing pipe (28), so that the spoiler (29) can rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft (33) inside the air passing pipe (28);

the swing arm (32) is arranged on the rotating shaft (33) and is positioned outside the air passing pipe (28), so that the swing arm (32) can rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft (33) outside the air passing pipe (28); the swing arm (32) is fixed with the fixed disc (31), and the flow rate of the valve is indicated through the relative position between the swing arm (32) and the fixed disc (31).

9. An incinerator comprising the air distribution system for a small-sized domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Incinerator according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises at least:

the furnace body (1), the inside of the furnace body (1) is a cavity;

the grate (17) is positioned in the furnace body (1) and divides the cavity of the furnace body (1) into an upper hearth (2) and a lower ash cavity (15);

the slag collecting hopper (13), the slag collecting hopper (13) is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body (1).

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