CN114504313A - Portable wearable respiration monitoring device and monitoring method - Google Patents
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
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Abstract
The invention discloses a portable wearable respiration monitoring device and a monitoring method. The monitoring device comprises a flexible respiration monitoring module, a sensing circuit module, a signal processing module and a wearable module; the flexible respiration monitoring module comprises a high-flexibility molecule curing material consisting of hydroxyl-rich natural polymer, flexible polymer and metal salt. The flexible respiration monitoring module is fixed below the nostril of a monitored person through the wearable module, water molecules in the exhaled air of a human body are adsorbed and desorbed on the flexible high polymer curing material, and the respiration action is generated to respond to the change of electrical parameters under the action of an electric field; the sensing circuit module collects the electric signals output by the flexible respiration monitoring module and outputs the electric signals to the signal processing module, so that multidimensional monitoring on the respiratory frequency, the respiratory intensity, the time ratio of expiration to inspiration, the respiratory fluctuation, the tidal volume, abnormal respiration behaviors and the like of a wearer is realized, and the flexible respiration monitoring device has the characteristics of accurate and reliable monitoring result, high monitoring sensitivity and convenience in use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a portable wearable respiration monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof, belonging to the technical field of physiological parameter monitoring.
Background
Respiration, one of the physiological parameters, is an important vital sign that helps to understand a person's overall health. The breathing rate and breathing pattern are also considered as indicators reflecting the underlying health status of the individual. Therefore, the respiratory rate sensor is particularly important, and the respiratory rate sensor can reflect the respiratory condition in real time, record the respiratory frequency in a respiratory unit time and display the current respiratory rate, so that people can know the respiratory condition of a monitored person in real time and take effective measures in time. Therefore, it is more and more important to monitor parameters related to the respiratory rate of a person in daily life.
There are several common ways currently used to monitor respiration:
1. piezoelectric respiration sensor
Piezoelectric respiration sensors are sensors made by measuring the piezoelectric effect caused by respiratory muscle movement or thoracic cavity movement. When breathing, the piezoelectric material is stressed due to muscle movement or thoracic movement, charges are generated after the surface of the material is stressed, the changes of the surface charges are sensed, signals of the charges are output to a measuring circuit, and the breathing is monitored through simulation according to the changes of the surface charges, for example, the Chinese patent invention CN105491947B discloses an inductive breathing sensor; chinese invention patent CN102415884A discloses an MCP packaging form of a piezoelectric film sensor and a wireless respiration detection circuit; chinese invention patent CN104516387A discloses a constant current source power supply circuit of a respiration signal sensor based on an air cushion bed. These indirect measurements are not reliable, since breathing muscle or chest movements may occur even when the person suffers from apnea. Meanwhile, the device is easy to be disturbed by motion artifacts such as turning over, lying on one's side and other body activities when measuring.
2. Thermal respiration sensor
A thermistor is an electronic device whose resistance value changes with temperature. The constant current source supplies power, according to U = IR, the change times of the resistance R in a certain time are the same as the change times of the voltage, the change of the resistance R is caused by the change of the outside temperature, the temperature change of the resistance outside in a small range is caused by the temperature difference between the gas exhaled by the human body and the outside air, and therefore the breathing times can be obtained only by recording the change times of the voltage. The signal is filtered and amplified to obtain a required voltage waveform, and then an analog signal is converted into a digital signal through AD conversion to realize the monitoring of respiration, and Chinese utility model patent CN206576848U discloses a sleep apnea monitoring system; international patent application WO2017202038a1 discloses a portable integrated machine for measuring body temperature and respiratory rate. In the device provided by the technical scheme, the thermistor is in a suspension state and is directly connected with disturbed air flowing through the thermistor, so that the thermistor is easily influenced by external factors. The thermistor may be in direct contact with the patient's skin, and such devices may suffer signal disturbance, or reduced signal sensitivity, as the patient's body increases in temperature due to disease.
3. Airflow type respiration sensor
The airflow type respiration sensor mainly measures the flow of gas so as to judge the respiration frequency of a user, for example, the Chinese invention patent CN104458886A provides a nanometer respiration sensor and a preparation method thereof, and the Chinese utility model patent CN205493782U provides a respiration airflow sensor and a sleep monitoring device. Devices based on sensing respiratory gas flow or pressure are particularly sensitive to mechanical movements and vibrations and to the air flowing through them, which can lead to disturbances and artefacts. Some of these devices are particularly sensitive to skin contact, thus reducing sensitivity or even destroying the measurement.
4. Blood oxygen saturation (SpO)2）
Whether the respiratory function of the user is normal or not is judged by monitoring the blood oxygen saturation. Generally, the response speed of the oximeter for monitoring the respiratory function is slow, and the blood oxygen saturation can be changed after a period of time after the respiration is stopped.
5. Respiration sensor
In US20170356899a1 DETECTION gas AND RESPIRATION BY THE method OF detecting THE RESPIRATION sensitivity OF WATER WITHIN A pore moisture SENSOR, THE RESPIRATION SENSOR monitors THE RESPIRATION through THE CONDUCTIVITY change OF THE POROUS material in different humidities, AND because THE response current OF THE provided POROUS humidity sensing material changes to nano-ampere level under THE condition OF low humidity, THE current is too small to be easily monitored, AND THE POROUS humidity sensing material is easily interfered BY other external factors, THE RESPIRATION SENSOR can only judge whether THE RESPIRATION stops, THE depth OF THE RESPIRATION AND THE irregular RESPIRATION only through THE size OF THE response value, AND other parameters such as THE time ratio OF expiration to inspiration are not monitored. The Chinese invention patent CN106725490A provides a humidity sensor and a breath detection system using the humidity sensor, which can rapidly adsorb and desorb water molecules through a loose porous structure, but the sensor is easily affected by excessive adsorption of water molecules due to the characteristic of water molecules adsorbed by the porous structure, and the sensing performances including sensing precision, response speed and long-term working stability are also affected. Meanwhile, the available respiratory parameters comprise respiratory frequency and respiratory intensity, the obtained parameters have low dimensionality, multi-dimensional monitoring and recording on respiratory behaviors cannot be realized, and an accurate and effective respiratory behavior database cannot be established.
For devices that are in close contact with the airways of the human body, disposability is one of the requirements for safety and hygiene, but many of the prior art respiratory monitoring devices are complicated in structure, expensive, and reusable, and their cleaning facilities are not complete and do not have sufficiently high purity, and the level of immunity of the patient to bacteria and viruses is reduced, so that contaminated reusable devices are liable to cause cross contamination between different patients.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the portable wearable respiratory monitoring device and the respiratory behavior monitoring method which have high monitoring sensitivity and can realize multi-dimensional accurate monitoring on the respiratory behavior.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is to provide a portable wearable respiration monitoring device, which comprises a flexible respiration monitoring module, a sensing circuit module, a signal processing module and a wearable module; the flexible respiration monitoring module comprises a flexible high polymer curing material, wherein the flexible high polymer curing material comprises 50-80% by volume of hydroxyl-rich natural high polymer, 20-50% by volume of flexible high polymer and 20-50% by mass of metal salt;
the hydroxyl-rich natural polymer is one of starch, alginate and cellulose, or any combination thereof;
the flexible polymer is one of polydimethylsiloxane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl hydrocarbon and ethylene propylene diene monomer;
the metal salt is one of magnesium nitrate, zinc nitrate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate and calcium chloride, or any combination thereof.
The invention provides a portable wearable respiration monitoring device, wherein a flexible high polymer curing material is prepared by a four-section temperature control forming method, and the device comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving metal salt in deionized water at the temperature of T1 to obtain an electrolyte solution, adding the hydroxyl-rich natural polymer into the electrolyte solution, and uniformly stirring; t1 is 10-50 ℃;
(2) heating from T1 to T2 temperature by gradient, stirring at T2 temperature until the natural polymer rich in hydroxyl group is completely gelatinized or gelatinized; t2 is 55-90 ℃, and the gradient heating rate from T1 to T2 is 1-5 ℃/min;
(3) cooling to T3 temperature, adding flexible polymer, stirring, and shaping; t3 is 15-40 ℃;
(4) heating or cooling the molded mixture to T4 temperature in a gradient manner until the flexible polymer is cured to obtain a flexible polymer cured material; when the flexible polymer is polydimethylsiloxane, the temperature T4 is 50-90 ℃, and the gradient heating rate from T3 to T4 is 1-10 ℃/min; when the flexible polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, the temperature T4 is-80 to-20 ℃, and the gradient temperature reduction rate of T3 to 4 is-5 to-10 ℃/min.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the starch is corn starch, wheat starch, mung bean starch, cassava starch, sweet potato starch or modified starch thereof.
The invention provides a portable wearable respiration monitoring device.A sensing circuit module comprises a power supply and a communication interface, wherein the input end of the communication interface of the sensing circuit module is connected with the electric signal output end of a flexible respiration monitoring module, and the output end of the communication interface is connected with a signal processing module; the signal processing module is used for receiving, processing and outputting the respiratory behavior electric signal obtained by the flexible respiration monitoring module; the wearable module is used for carrying the sensing circuit module and the flexible respiration monitoring module, and the flexible respiration monitoring module is fixed below the nostril of the human body for monitoring the respiration behavior.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the output signal of the sensing circuit module is response voltage; in the exhalation process, the output response voltage change rate is 3.5-6.0 millivolts/second; in the interval between expiration and inspiration, water molecules are naturally desorbed, and the change rate of the output response voltage is-0.85-0 millivolt/second; in the process of inspiration, water molecules are desorbed quickly, and the change rate of the output response voltage is-3.0 to-2.0 millivolts per second.
The invention provides a portable wearable respiration monitoring device, wherein the output end of a communication interface of the portable wearable respiration monitoring device is connected with a signal processing module in a wired or wireless mode.
The technical scheme of the invention also comprises a respiration monitoring method of the portable wearable respiration monitoring device, the flexible respiration monitoring module is fixed below the nostril of a monitored person through the wearable module, water molecules in the exhaled air of a human body are adsorbed and desorbed on the flexible high polymer curing material, response electrical parameter change corresponding to the respiration action is generated under the action of an electric field, and the flexible respiration monitoring module outputs an electrical signal to the sensing circuit module; the sensing circuit module outputs the acquired electric signals to the signal processing module to realize monitoring of the breathing behavior of the wearer; the monitored respiratory behaviors comprise respiratory frequency, respiratory intensity, time ratio of expiration to inspiration, respiratory fluctuation, tidal volume and abnormal respiratory behaviors;
the respiratory frequency is monitored by calculating the change times of the signal processing module according to the increase or decrease of the response electrical parameters output by the flexible respiratory monitoring module within a fixed time;
the respiratory intensity is monitored by the signal processing module according to the difference value or the ratio of the maximum value and the minimum value of the response electrical parameters output by the flexible respiratory monitoring module;
the monitoring of the expiration time ratio to the inspiration time ratio is obtained by calculating the increasing time and the decreasing time or the ratio of the decreasing time to the increasing time of the signal processing module according to the response electrical parameter output by the flexible respiration monitoring module;
monitoring the respiratory fluctuation degree, wherein the signal processing module calculates the variation coefficient of the respiratory intensity according to the respiratory intensity obtained by monitoring; the variation coefficient of the respiratory intensity is the ratio of the standard deviation of the respiratory intensity to the average value;
monitoring the tidal volume, wherein the tidal volume is obtained by calculating the product of the respiratory frequency and the respiratory intensity obtained by monitoring through a signal processing module;
and the signal processing module is used for processing the abnormal signal output by the flexible respiration monitoring module to obtain the abnormal respiration behavior monitoring result.
The invention provides a monitoring method of a portable wearable respiration monitoring device, which comprises the steps of establishing a respiration behavior database by using respiration behavior information obtained by monitoring; and performing machine learning on the respiratory behavior database.
According to the invention, after the flexible respiration monitoring module absorbs moisture generated by the exhalation behavior, the related electrical parameters of the flexible respiration monitoring module change, and the respiration monitoring can be realized according to the changed response electric signal. The portable wearable respiration monitoring device provided by the invention can be used independently, and can also be used as a respiration monitoring source to be mutually connected with the existing vital sign monitoring system, so that multi-aspect monitoring is realized. Meanwhile, the alarm device can be connected with the alarm device. When breathing is abnormal, the warning device can give out an alarm prompt. The monitoring device is used for monitoring, evaluating, judging and predicting respiratory behaviors.
The flexible respiration monitoring module provided by the invention adopts the technical scheme of mixing and shaping of hydroxyl-rich natural polymer, flexible polymer and metal salt, is selected from starch, alginate or cellulose or modified products thereof, and can be gelatinized or gelatinized in metal salt solution; the gelatinization temperature of starch is usually above 53 ℃; sodium alginate can form gel rapidly under extremely mild conditions, and Ca is available2+、Mg2+When divalent cations exist, sodium ions on sodium alginate G units and the divalent cations are subjected to ion exchange reaction, and the G units are stacked to form a cross-linked network structure, so that hydrogel is formed; cellulose can form hydrogel through hydrogen bond and ion interaction under the condition of cation existence; in the flexible respiration monitoring module, after a monitored person wears the respiration monitoring device, water molecules in the exhaled air are adsorbed and desorbed on the flexible respiration monitoring module; under the action of an electric field, the adsorption and desorption of water molecules lead to the flexible respiration monitoring moduleThe output electric signal changes, and the monitoring of the breathing behavior is realized by collecting the changed electric signal; the specific mechanism of respiratory monitoring is as follows: the hydroxyl-rich natural polymer is mixed with the hydrophobic flexible polymer after gelatinization or gelation, a large number of hydroxyl groups exist on the surface of the obtained flexible respiration monitoring module to provide water molecule adsorption sites, and meanwhile, the hydrophobic flexible polymer on the surface of the flexible respiration monitoring module can realize rapid desorption of water molecules under the action of airflow; during exhalation, water molecules in the exhaled breath combine with the hydroxyl groups and form a layer of water molecules at the surface. Under the action of an external electric field, protons are transferred among water molecules through hydrogen bonds, and metal salt ions in the flexible respiration monitoring module are partially dissolved in the adsorbed water molecule layer, so that the conductivity is improved, and the output electric signal is changed; in the alternate interval process of expiration and inspiration, the humidity difference between the flexible respiration monitoring module and the environment causes the natural desorption of water molecules, and the output electric signal is slowly changed; in the air suction process, the air flow causes the water molecules on the hydrophobic flexible polymer substrate to be rapidly desorbed, the output signal is rapidly changed, and the monitoring sensitivity and the monitoring accuracy are effectively improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the respiration is directly monitored by monitoring the humidity change generated by the respiration, rather than monitoring related vital signs (muscle or chest movement) generated along with the respiration, and the monitoring result is accurate and reliable; the monitoring sensitivity is high, and the breath of small animals such as SD rats can be monitored; the method can be used for monitoring the breathing frequency, intensity, breathing fluctuation, tidal volume, expiration-inspiration time ratio and breathing characteristic images under special conditions; based on the acquired various respiratory parameters, the multi-dimensional monitoring of respiration can be realized, a respiratory behavior database is established, and the intelligent prediction and auxiliary judgment of respiratory behavior or the evaluation of respiratory function can be realized by combining with machine learning.
2. Due to the defects of mechanical property and long-term storage or working stability of gelatinized or gelatinized starch, sodium alginate or cellulose, the flexible polymer curing material provided by the invention is mixed with flexible polymers with biocompatibility and hydrophobicity, so that the mechanical property of the flexible polymer curing material can be effectively improved; the gelatinized or gelatinized starch, sodium alginate or cellulose has high water content and slow reaction to humidity change, and the hydroxyl-rich natural polymer and the flexible polymer are uniformly mixed, so that a large number of hydroxyl groups exist on the surface of the flexible polymer curing material, and the flexible polymer curing material has a hydrophobic characteristic while providing water molecule adsorption sites, and the obtained flexible respiration monitoring module can adsorb water molecules, generates a changed electric signal through proton conduction, can realize rapid desorption of the water molecules through hydrophobicity, and improves the response speed and monitoring precision; particularly, the high-crystallinity starch is adopted, so that the tensile property of the flexible high-molecular curing material is improved, and sites required by water molecule adsorption are provided; the hydrophobic flexible polymer improves the mechanical property of the flexible respiration monitoring module, reduces the hydrophilic ability of the flexible respiration monitoring module, and realizes the rapid desorption of water molecules. The surface topography can be changed during the shaping process to increase the surface area and improve the breath monitoring performance.
3. The preparation method is simple, low in cost and portable; the flexible respiration monitoring module is light and flexible, so that the portable and wearable respiration monitoring device can be manufactured; the monitoring device provided by the invention can be integrated with the existing vital sign monitoring system, warning device and the like, and is cooperatively used, so that multi-directional monitoring management is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable wearable respiration monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a flexible respiration monitoring module in the portable wearable respiration monitoring device according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph comparing the results of the portable wearable respiratory monitoring device and the oximeter provided by the embodiment of the present invention for monitoring the respiratory function.
Fig. 4 is sign data related to normal breathing in a sitting position monitored by the portable wearable breathing monitoring device provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is monitored and obtained sign data related to normal breathing during sleep by the portable wearable breathing monitoring device provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a breathing image obtained during different running speeds monitored by the portable wearable breathing monitoring device provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 to 10 are information of the breathing frequency, intensity, breathing fluctuation and tidal volume of the tester respectively obtained by monitoring the portable wearable breathing monitoring device provided by the embodiment of the invention during different running speeds.
Fig. 11 shows the repeated abnormal respiratory behavior of the SD rat in a certain abnormal state, which is monitored by the portable wearable respiratory monitoring device provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is an image of the exhalation to inhalation time ratio output by the portable wearable respiratory monitoring device provided by embodiments of the present invention while monitoring the sleep of the wearer.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the embodiment.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of a portable wearable respiratory monitoring device provided in this embodiment, the respiratory monitoring device includes a wearable module, a flexible respiratory monitoring module, a sensing circuit module, and a signal processing module; the wearable module is used as a carrier of the flexible respiration monitoring module and the sensing circuit module, and the flexible respiration monitoring module is fixed below a nostril of a human body and used for acquiring respiration signals; the sensing circuit module comprises a power supply and a communication interface, the input end of the communication interface is connected with the electric signal output end of the flexible respiration monitoring module, and the output end of the communication interface is connected with the signal processing module; the signal processing module is used for receiving, processing and outputting the respiratory behavior electric signals obtained by the flexible respiratory monitoring module.
In this embodiment, wearable module is the face guard, can be wrist-watch, bracelet etc. installs flexible breathing monitoring module on wearable module, can conveniently monitor humidity variation immediately. The output end of the communication interface is connected with the signal processing module in a wireless mode such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi signals or infrared. The signal processing module can be a mobile phone, a tablet, a computer and the like, and is used for analyzing and processing the output electric signal of the flexible respiration monitoring module to realize the real-time monitoring of respiration.
The breathing monitoring device that this embodiment provided can the independent utility, also can with warning device interconnect, when breathing unusually, warning device can send out the alarm and remind. The respiration monitoring device can also be used as a respiration monitoring source to be mutually connected with the existing vital sign monitoring system, thereby realizing multi-directional monitoring.
The flexible respiration monitoring module provided by the embodiment comprises a flexible high polymer curing material, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving calcium nitrate in deionized water at 50 ℃ by 30 mass percent to obtain an electrolyte solution; selecting corn starch as a natural polymer rich in hydroxyl, adding the corn starch into an electrolyte solution according to the mass percentage of 20%, and uniformly stirring; heating to 60 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and fully stirring until the corn starch is completely gelatinized; cooling to 25 ℃, stirring and shaping according to 60 percent by volume of gelatinized corn starch and 40 percent by volume of polydimethylsiloxane; and heating the molded mixture to 70 ℃ according to the heating rate of 10 ℃/min until the polydimethylsiloxane is cured to obtain the flexible polymer curing material.
Referring to fig. 2, it is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the flexible respiration monitoring module provided in this embodiment; when a certain voltage is applied to the two ends of the flexible respiration monitoring module. After expiration, the water molecules generated by adsorption and respiration of the flexible respiration monitoring module are adsorbed on the hydroxyl on the surface of the flexible respiration monitoring module through hydrogen bonds in the first adsorption stage. Due to the immobilization of two adjacent hydrogen bonds, the adsorbed water molecules are ordered. Due to the limitation of two hydrogen bonds, water molecules can not move freely, hydrogen bonds can not be formed between the adsorbed water molecules, and protons can not be conducted. In the second stage of adsorption, as the water molecules continue to adsorb to the surface, a second layer of water molecules is physically adsorbed on the first layer, which is less ordered because there may be only one hydrogen bond locally. As more of the water layer condenses, the ordering of the initially surface adsorbed water molecules gradually diminishes, the adsorbed water molecules layer becomes nearly identical to the bulk of liquid water, and protons can be transferred between water molecules by the grotthus mechanism (grotthus mechanism), i.e., protons can transfer one proton from one water molecule to another water molecule by hydrogen bonding. In addition, metal salt ions dissolved in the water-absorbing layer will also act as carriers and improve the conductivity and sensitivity of the flexible respiration monitoring module. In the process of air suction, due to the hydrophobic flexible polymer substrate material, water molecules are rapidly desorbed, and the conductivity is reduced.
Example 2
By adopting the structure of the portable wearable respiration monitoring device provided by the embodiment 1, the preparation method of the flexible polymer curing material in the flexible respiration monitoring module comprises the following steps: dissolving calcium chloride in deionized water at 20 ℃ according to the mass percent of 20 percent to obtain an electrolyte solution; sodium alginate as a natural polymer rich in hydroxyl groups is added into an electrolyte solution according to the mass percentage of 5 percent and is stirred uniformly; heating to 55 ℃ according to the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and fully stirring until the sodium alginate is gelatinized; cooling to 20 ℃, stirring and shaping according to 50 percent by volume of the gelatinized sodium alginate and 50 percent by volume of the polyvinyl alcohol; and (3) cooling the molded mixture to-20 ℃ according to the cooling rate of-10 ℃/min until the polyvinyl alcohol is gelatinized to obtain the flexible polymer curing material.
The present embodiment monitors the respiratory condition in real time by correlating the responsive electrical parameters. The relevant response electrical parameter can be one or more direct parameters of response current, response voltage, resistance, resistivity and impedance, or derived parameters obtained by direct parameter processing.
Example 3
A flexible respiration monitoring module was prepared using the flexible polymer cured material prepared in example 1, and used for respiration monitoring. Human breathing leads to mouth and nose department environmental humidity to change, and mouth and nose department environmental humidity changes and leads to the relevant response electrical parameter of flexible breathing monitoring module to produce the change, and light wearable breathing monitoring devices carries out analysis processes through sensing circuit module with signal transmission to corresponding signal processing device (cell-phone, panel, computer etc.), realizes the real-time detection to breathing.
The respiration condition is monitored in real time by a relevant response electrical parameter, wherein the relevant response electrical parameter can be one or more direct parameters of response voltage, response current, resistance, resistivity and impedance, or derived parameters obtained by processing the direct parameters.
The monitoring method comprises the following steps: the flexible respiration monitoring module is fixed below the nostril of a monitored person through the mask wearable module, water molecules in the exhaled air of a human body are adsorbed and desorbed on the flexible high polymer curing material, response electrical parameter change corresponding to the respiration action is generated under the action of an electric field, and the flexible respiration monitoring module outputs an electrical signal to the sensing circuit module; the sensing circuit module outputs the acquired electric signals to the signal processing module to realize monitoring of the breathing behavior of the wearer; the monitored respiratory behavior includes respiratory rate, respiratory intensity, time ratio of expiration to inspiration, respiratory fluctuation, tidal volume, abnormal respiratory behavior.
The monitoring of the respiratory frequency is obtained by calculating the change times of the signal processing module according to the increase or decrease of the response electrical parameters output by the flexible respiratory monitoring module within a fixed time;
the monitoring of the respiration intensity is obtained by the signal processing module according to the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the response electrical parameters output by the flexible respiration monitoring module or the ratio calculation;
the monitoring of the expiration-inspiration time ratio is obtained by calculating the ratio of the increase time to the decrease time or the decrease time to the increase time of the signal processing module according to the response electrical parameter output by the flexible respiration monitoring module;
monitoring the respiratory fluctuation degree, namely calculating the variation coefficient of the respiratory intensity by a signal processing module according to the respiratory intensity obtained by monitoring; the variation coefficient of the respiratory intensity is the ratio of the standard deviation of the respiratory intensity to the average value;
monitoring tidal volume, which is calculated by a signal processing module according to the product of the respiratory frequency and the respiratory intensity obtained by monitoring;
and monitoring abnormal breathing behaviors, wherein the abnormal breathing behaviors are obtained by processing the abnormal signals output by the flexible breathing monitoring module through the signal processing module.
Referring to fig. 3, the result of the respiration monitoring device provided in this embodiment is compared with the result of the respiration monitoring function of the oximeter. The tester pauses breathing in 10 seconds, the breathing monitoring device responds in real time, the response voltage drops, the reaction of the oximeter is slow, and the blood oxygen saturation changes after about 100 seconds. Similarly, the tester recovers breathing at 110 seconds, the respiration monitoring device responds immediately, the response voltage recovers periodic fluctuation, and the oximeter starts to respond after about 140 seconds and gradually rises. The invention can reflect the breathing condition in real time and has accurate monitoring result.
Example 4
A flexible respiration monitoring module was fabricated using the flexible polymer cured material prepared in example 1, and used for respiration monitoring according to the monitoring method provided in example 3.
Referring to fig. 4, the monitoring data of the normal breathing during sitting and standing obtained by the monitoring device provided by the embodiment is output within 200 seconds after the monitoring is started. As can be seen from fig. 4, the respiration monitoring device monitors 76 breaths within 200 seconds, and the respiratory rate is about 23 breaths/min, which is consistent with the actual respiratory rate; the respiration intensity is about 5-15 millivolts; the ratio of expiration time to inspiration time is about 1.5: 1-2: 1; in the exhalation process, the output response voltage change rate is 5.3 millivolts/second; the output response voltage change rate is-0.1 millivolt/second in the interval between expiration and inspiration; during inspiration, the rate of change of the output response voltage was-3.0 millivolts/second.
Referring to fig. 5, the data of the relevant signs of normal breathing during sleep, which is obtained by monitoring the monitoring device provided by the present embodiment, is shown. The flexible respiration monitoring module is arranged at a position where the actual respiratory gas flowing through the mouth and the nose can be measured, and after monitoring is started, the monitoring data of normal respiration in a light sleep state within 200 seconds are output. It can be observed that the respiration monitoring device monitors 70 breaths within 200 seconds, and the respiratory rate is about 21 times/minute and is consistent with the actual respiratory rate; the respiration intensity is about 7-10 millivolts; the ratio of expiration time to inspiration time is about 1.5: 1-2: 1; in the exhalation process, the output response voltage change rate is 3.8 millivolts/second; the output response voltage change rate is-0.2 millivolt/second in the interval between expiration and inspiration; in the process of air suction, water molecules are rapidly desorbed, and the change rate of the output response voltage is-2.0 millivolts/second.
Example 5
In this embodiment, the flexible polymer cured material prepared in embodiment 1 is used to prepare a flexible respiration monitoring module, and respiration images obtained during monitoring different running speeds are obtained. The tester stands on the treadmill, wears the portable wearable respiration monitoring device, and after the test begins, the respiration monitoring device begins to monitor, refer to fig. 6, which is a respiration image obtained when the monitoring device provided by the embodiment monitors and obtains the respiration image during different running speeds.
The sensing circuit module outputs the electric signals, the electric signals are processed by the signal processing module, information of breathing frequency, strength, breathing fluctuation degree and tidal volume of the wearer is obtained respectively, and breathing behavior data of the tester is obtained, and the data are shown in fig. 7-10.
Referring to fig. 7, the breathing rate of the wearer is obtained after the processing of the signal processing module, and the breathing rate of the tester gradually increases with the increase of the running speed.
Referring to fig. 8, the breathing intensity of the wearer obtained after the processing of the signal processing module gradually increases with the increase of the running speed, and becomes smaller after the running speed reaches 9km/h, which indicates that the breathing pattern of the wearer changes from slow to deep to fast and shallow.
Referring to fig. 9, it is the breathing fluctuation of the wearer obtained after the signal processing module processes, it can be seen that the breathing is stable during running, when the running speed changes, the tester changes the breathing mode to adapt to the new running speed, and at this time, the breathing is slightly disordered, so the breathing fluctuation becomes high when the running speed changes.
Referring to fig. 10, the tidal volume of the wearer is obtained after the processing of the signal processing module, and as the running speed increases, the body needs more oxygen, so it can be seen that as the running speed increases, the tidal volume also gradually increases.
Example 6
The flexible polymer cured material prepared in example 1 is used to prepare a flexible respiration monitoring module for monitoring repeated abnormal respiration behaviors of an SD rat in an abnormal state. In this embodiment, a model of an abnormal state of a rat is established, so that the SD rat is in an abnormal state during testing, and the respiration behavior of the SD rat is obtained by a respiration monitoring device in the abnormal state.
Referring to fig. 11, the monitoring device provided in this embodiment monitors the abnormal breathing behavior of the SD rat repeatedly under certain abnormal conditions. As can be seen from fig. 11, unlike the regular and stable respiration curve of the SD rat in the normal state, in the abnormal state, a special respiration characteristic image can be monitored and appears repeatedly, so that it can be considered that in the abnormal state, the special respiration image is a characteristic image corresponding to the abnormal respiration behavior, and the characteristic image has a possibility of monitoring and assisting in distinguishing the abnormal respiration behavior.
Example 7
The flexible polymer cured material prepared in example 1 is used to prepare a flexible respiration monitoring module, and an image of the ratio of expiration time to inspiration time output when a wearer sleeps (snoring occurs during sleeping) is monitored. The tester monitors the breath of the tester during sleep through the breath monitoring device when the tester starts to sleep, and compares the expiration time ratio with the inspiration time ratio during normal sleep and when snoring occurs.
Referring to fig. 12, it is an image of the exhalation-to-inhalation time ratio output by the monitoring device provided in this embodiment when monitoring the sleep of the wearer. As can be seen from fig. 12, the exhalation to inhalation time ratio (fitted line slope) is significantly different between normal sleep and snoring.
According to the invention, through respiration-related sign data such as respiration frequency, and/or strength, and/or expiration-inspiration time ratio and the like, and/or respiration fluctuation, and/or tidal volume, and/or abnormal respiration behaviors, the multi-dimensional monitoring of respiration can be realized, whether the respiration is abnormal (respiratory arrest, respiratory depth, respiratory tachycardia, respiratory bradycardia, respiratory irregularity and the like) is judged, and then the method is used for monitoring and assisting in judging whether sleep apnea exists. And a breathing behavior database can be established, and can be combined with machine learning to realize monitoring and auxiliary judgment of related abnormal breathing behaviors or evaluation judgment of breathing functions.
Claims (9)
1. A portable wearable respiration monitoring device comprises a flexible respiration monitoring module, a sensing circuit module, a signal processing module and a wearable module; the method is characterized in that: the flexible respiration monitoring module comprises a flexible high polymer curing material, wherein the flexible high polymer curing material comprises 50-80% by volume of hydroxyl-rich natural high polymer, 20-50% by volume of flexible high polymer and 20-50% by mass of metal salt;
the hydroxyl-rich natural polymer is one of starch, alginate and cellulose, or any combination thereof;
the flexible polymer is one of polydimethylsiloxane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl hydrocarbon and ethylene propylene diene monomer;
the metal salt is one of magnesium nitrate, zinc nitrate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate and calcium chloride, or any combination thereof.
2. The portable wearable respiratory monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the flexible polymer cured material is prepared by a four-stage temperature control molding method, comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving metal salt in deionized water at the temperature of T1 to obtain an electrolyte solution, adding the hydroxyl-rich natural polymer into the electrolyte solution, and uniformly stirring; t1 is 10-50 ℃;
(2) heating from T1 to T2 temperature by gradient, stirring at T2 temperature until the natural polymer rich in hydroxyl group is completely gelatinized or gelatinized; t2 is 55-90 ℃, and the gradient heating rate from T1 to T2 is 1-5 ℃/min;
(3) cooling to T3 temperature, adding flexible polymer, stirring, and shaping; t3 is 15-40 ℃;
(4) heating or cooling the molded mixture to T4 temperature in a gradient manner until the flexible polymer is cured to obtain a flexible polymer cured material; when the flexible polymer is polydimethylsiloxane, the temperature T4 is 50-90 ℃, and the gradient heating rate from T3 to T4 is 1-10 ℃/min; when the flexible polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, the temperature T4 is-80 to-20 ℃, and the gradient temperature reduction rate of T3 to 4 is-5 to-10 ℃/min.
3. A lightweight wearable respiratory monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the starch is corn starch, wheat starch, mung bean starch, cassava starch, sweet potato starch or modified starch thereof.
4. A portable wearable respiratory monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the sensing circuit module comprises a power supply and a communication interface, the input end of the communication interface of the sensing circuit module is connected with the electric signal output end of the flexible respiration monitoring module, and the output end of the communication interface is connected with the signal processing module; the signal processing module is used for receiving, processing and outputting the respiratory behavior electric signal obtained by the flexible respiration monitoring module; the wearable module is used for carrying the sensing circuit module and the flexible respiration monitoring module, and the flexible respiration monitoring module is fixed below the nostril of the human body for monitoring the respiration behavior.
5. A lightweight wearable respiratory monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the output signal of the sensing circuit module is a response voltage; in the exhalation process, the output response voltage change rate is 3.5-6.0 millivolts/second; in the interval between expiration and inspiration, water molecules are naturally desorbed, and the change rate of the output response voltage is-0.85-0 millivolt/second; in the process of inspiration, water molecules are desorbed quickly, and the change rate of the output response voltage is-3.0 to-2.0 millivolts per second.
6. A lightweight wearable respiratory monitoring device according to claim 5, wherein: the output end of the communication interface is connected with the signal processing module in a wired or wireless mode.
7. The respiratory monitoring method of a portable wearable respiratory monitoring device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the flexible respiration monitoring module is fixed below the nostril of a monitored person through the wearable module, water molecules in the exhaled air of a human body are adsorbed and desorbed on the flexible high polymer curing material, response electrical parameter change corresponding to the respiration action is generated under the action of an electric field, and the flexible respiration monitoring module outputs an electrical signal to the sensing circuit module; the sensing circuit module outputs the acquired electric signals to the signal processing module to realize monitoring of the breathing behavior of the wearer; the monitored respiratory behavior comprises respiratory frequency, respiratory intensity, time ratio of expiration to inspiration, respiratory fluctuation, tidal volume and abnormal respiratory behavior;
the respiratory frequency is monitored by calculating the change times of the signal processing module according to the increase or decrease of the response electrical parameters output by the flexible respiratory monitoring module within a fixed time;
the respiratory intensity is monitored by the signal processing module according to the difference value or the ratio of the maximum value and the minimum value of the response electrical parameters output by the flexible respiratory monitoring module;
the monitoring of the expiration time ratio to the inspiration time ratio is obtained by calculating the increasing time and the decreasing time or the ratio of the decreasing time to the increasing time of the signal processing module according to the response electrical parameter output by the flexible respiration monitoring module;
monitoring the respiratory fluctuation degree, wherein the signal processing module calculates the variation coefficient of the respiratory intensity according to the respiratory intensity obtained by monitoring; the variation coefficient of the respiratory intensity is the ratio of the standard deviation of the respiratory intensity to the average value;
monitoring the tidal volume, wherein the tidal volume is obtained by calculating the product of the respiratory frequency and the respiratory intensity obtained by monitoring through a signal processing module;
and the signal processing module is used for processing the abnormal signal output by the flexible respiration monitoring module to obtain the abnormal respiration behavior monitoring result.
8. The method of monitoring a portable wearable respiratory monitoring device of claim 7, wherein: and establishing a respiratory behavior database according to the respiratory behavior information obtained by monitoring.
9. The method of monitoring a portable wearable respiratory monitoring device of claim 8, wherein: and performing machine learning on the respiratory behavior database.
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