CN114479874B - Red mud-based heavy metal curing agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Red mud-based heavy metal curing agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114479874B
CN114479874B CN202210108492.0A CN202210108492A CN114479874B CN 114479874 B CN114479874 B CN 114479874B CN 202210108492 A CN202210108492 A CN 202210108492A CN 114479874 B CN114479874 B CN 114479874B
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red mud
parts
heavy metal
stabilizer
curing agent
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CN114479874A (en
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李召峰
游浩
张健
高益凡
张明
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Shandong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00—In situ
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a red mud-based heavy metal curing agent, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the curing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of red mud, 30-40 parts of steel slag, 20-40 parts of blast furnace slag, 20-30 parts of coal gangue, 30-50 parts of fly ash, 20-45 parts of carbide slag, 20-45 parts of waste gypsum, 5-20 parts of stabilizer and 0-10 parts of adsorbent. The material not only realizes the bulk consumption of industrial solid waste, but also realizes the purposes of not using traditional cement, reducing the cement consumption, being green and environment-friendly, having simple preparation process, having good curing effect of the curing agent on heavy metal, meeting the national requirements, having low cost and being suitable for popularization and application to society.

Description

Red mud-based heavy metal curing agent and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heavy metal curing agents, and particularly provides a red mud-based heavy metal curing agent, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Common soil and groundwater pollution is mainly divided into two main categories, namely inorganic pollution and organic pollution, wherein the inorganic pollution is mainly polluted by heavy metals. Soil pollution is also closely related to groundwater pollution, and pollution is easy to spread. The heavy metal pollution of soil is one of the most extensive pollution area and the most serious pollution in China, and is also the most difficult pollution to treat, and the area of the cultivated land in China subjected to moderate and severe pollution is more than 3 ten thousand square kilometers. Copper, lead and chromium are toxic elements commonly existing in heavy metal contaminated soil, have long-term and non-mobility characteristics and the like, can be enriched by plants after entering the soil, and can influence human health through accumulation of food chains, thereby causing serious adverse effects on the life health of local residents.
At present, the heavy metal cement is a material which is mature in use and wide in application range, but the production of cement consumes a large amount of mineral resources, so that the mineral resources are not renewable, a large amount of energy is consumed, and greenhouse gases are discharged, so that certain harm is caused to the environment, the utilization rate of industrial solid wastes in China is not high, a large amount of industrial solid wastes are stored in the open air, and meanwhile, the existing curing agent also has the problem of poor curing effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a red mud-based heavy metal curing agent, and a preparation method and application thereof. The material not only realizes the bulk consumption of industrial solid waste, but also realizes the purposes of not using traditional cement, reducing the cement consumption, being green and environment-friendly, having simple preparation process, and the curing agent has good curing effect on heavy metal and meets the requirement, and has low cost and is suitable for popularization and application.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of red mud, 30-40 parts of steel slag, 20-40 parts of blast furnace slag, 20-30 parts of coal gangue, 30-50 parts of fly ash, 20-45 parts of carbide slag, 20-45 parts of waste gypsum, 5-20 parts of stabilizer and 0-10 parts of adsorbent.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent, which comprises the following steps:
mixing steel slag, blast furnace slag, coal gangue, fly ash, a stabilizer and an adsorbent to obtain a mixture A;
cooling, crushing and sieving the mixture A at room temperature to obtain a mixture B;
and (3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture B, the red mud, the waste gypsum and the carbide slag.
In a third aspect, the invention provides application of the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent in heavy metal curing;
or in the treatment of soil contaminated by organic pollutants or groundwater;
in particular to the application in solidifying Cu, pb or Cr heavy metals in soil.
The beneficial effects achieved by one or more embodiments of the present invention described above are as follows:
the invention provides a red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the red mud has a loose and porous microstructure and high porosity, and is suitable for being used as a heavy metal ion adsorption material. The modified red mud has direct adsorption effect on heavy metal pollution ions, and can be subjected to chemical reaction with steel slag ores, slag and fly ash in a system to generate hydrate gel, so that heavy metals and organic pollutants are further adsorbed and precipitated.
The fly ash is also an easily available cheap industrial solid waste, the fly ash combined with the stabilizer improves the silicon content and the solidification capacity, and the effect of cooperatively treating heavy metal pollution ions with other types of industrial solid waste is greater than the capability of treating heavy metal pollution factors by a single component of the fly ash, thereby being beneficial to regulating soil nutrients, realizing the regulation and control of the soil performance after solidification and promoting the recovery of soil quality. Meanwhile, the excessive alkali can be combined with the excessive acid in the modified red mud to maintain the pH value of the soil.
The waste gypsum and carbide slag have similar functions with red mud, have gelatinization, can provide calcium ions in the reaction process, and can improve the grouping property of the red mud, so that the physical and mechanical properties of solidified soil are macroscopically improved. The ettringite component in the waste gypsum can generate copper sulfate with copper ions to realize copper ion solidification, and meanwhile, the absorption effect of a red mud system is matched to realize the maximization of the solidification efficiency of heavy metal ions. The waste gypsum, carbide slag and red mud are matched, so that the solidification efficiency of heavy metal can be improved to the greatest extent.
After various components in the stabilizer are combined with the modified red mud-based material, a combined compound with poor solubility is easily formed by heavy metals in an alkaline environment, so that the mobility of the compound is weakened, and the toxicity is also greatly reduced. Wherein the specific hydroxyhistidine and ammonium humate as organic components can provide a large number of specific and non-specific adsorption sites, and contain various active groups (such as COO-, -NH 2 、＝NH、＝PO 4 -S-, -O-, etc.) which complex or chelate as ligands with heavy metals to form stable complexes and organic ligands, thereby immobilizing heavy metals.
The invention greatly improves the use proportion of the red mud in the curing agent, achieves the gain range of the use effect, has low cost and simple preparation process, and is suitable for popularization.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of red mud, 30-40 parts of steel slag, 20-40 parts of blast furnace slag, 20-30 parts of coal gangue, 30-50 parts of fly ash, 20-45 parts of carbide slag, 20-45 parts of waste gypsum, 5-20 parts of stabilizer and 0-10 parts of adsorbent.
In some embodiments, the red mud is an acid-treated or heat-treated modified red mud.
Preferably, the red mud is selected from bayer process red mud, sintering process red mud or mixed red mud.
Further preferably, the particle size of the red mud is 45-200 meshes.
In some embodiments, the steel slag, blast furnace slag, coal gangue, fly ash, carbide slag particle size is less than 60 mesh.
In some embodiments, the stabilizer is a mixture of stabilizer A and stabilizer B, wherein stabilizer A is selected from NaOH, KOH, ca (OH) 2 Or Na (or) 2 CO 3 The stabilizer B is selected from one or more of hydroxyhistidine or ammonium humate.
The stabilizer A creates an alkaline environment in the system to accelerate the generation of reaction hydration gel and improve the curing efficiency; the stabilizer B can be used as an organic component to provide a large number of specific and non-specific adsorption sites, can be used as a ligand to complex or chelate with heavy metals to form a stable complex and an organic ligand, and can compensate pollutant components which are not completely solidified by the red mud matrix system, so that the stability is improved.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the stabilizer A to the stabilizer B is 1-4:5-8.
In some embodiments, the waste gypsum is selected from one or more of phosphogypsum, fluorgypsum, titanium gypsum or soda gypsum.
In some embodiments, the adsorbent is one or more selected from sepiolite, 5A zeolite or attapulgite, and the adsorbent mainly has the function of ensuring that when the preparation process is difficult to mix, the components are uniformly mixed, and meanwhile, the adsorbent has a certain adsorption function to ensure that the reaction is normally carried out.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent, which comprises the following steps:
mixing steel slag, blast furnace slag, coal gangue, fly ash, a stabilizer and an adsorbent to obtain a mixture A;
cooling, crushing and sieving the mixture A at room temperature to obtain a mixture B;
and (3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture B, the red mud, the waste gypsum and the carbide slag.
In some embodiments, mix a is crushed and then passed through a 60 mesh screen.
In some embodiments, the red mud is an acid-treated or heat-treated modified red mud.
Preferably, the acid treatment method comprises the following steps: the red mud is soaked by 0.1 to 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid or 0.2 to 1mol/L nitric acid.
More preferably, the soaking time is 30min to 60min.
Preferably, the heat treatment method comprises the following steps: calcining the red mud at 500-1000 ℃ for 60-90 min.
In a third aspect, the invention provides application of the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent in heavy metal curing;
or in the treatment of soil contaminated by organic pollutants or groundwater;
in particular to the application in solidifying Cu, pb or Cr heavy metals in soil.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts of modified red mud, 35 parts of steel slag, 30 parts of blast furnace slag, 25 parts of coal gangue, 30 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of carbide slag, 30 parts of phosphogypsum and 5 parts of stabilizer;
the modified red mud is Bayer process red mud, and the particle size of the red mud is 100 meshes;
the modified red mud is red mud activated by hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.25mol/L, and the acid treatment time is 30min.
The grain size of the steel slag, the blast furnace slag, the coal gangue, the fly ash and the carbide slag is smaller than 60 meshes;
the stabilizer is NaOH, ca (OH) 2 And hydroxyhistidine mixtures, naOH, ca (OH) 2 And a molar ratio of hydroxyhistidine of 1:1:5.
The preparation method of the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent comprises the following steps:
step one: mixing steel slag, blast furnace slag, coal gangue, fly ash and a stabilizer to obtain a mixture A, cooling and crushing the mixture A at room temperature, and obtaining a mixture B through a 60-mesh nylon sieve;
step two: and (3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture B, the modified red mud, the waste gypsum and the carbide slag to obtain a mixture C, and obtaining the high-efficiency heavy metal curing agent.
Example two
The red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts of modified red mud, 40 parts of steel slag, 40 parts of blast furnace slag, 30 parts of coal gangue, 35 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of carbide slag, 40 parts of phosphogypsum, 10 parts of stabilizer and 6 parts of adsorbent;
the modified red mud is Bayer process red mud, and the particle size of the red mud is 100 meshes;
the modified red mud is red mud activated by hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, and the acid treatment time is 40min;
the grain size of the steel slag, the blast furnace slag, the coal gangue, the fly ash and the carbide slag is smaller than 60 meshes;
the stabilizer is KOH, ca (OH) 2 And ammonium humate mixtures, KOH, ca (OH) 2 And ammonium humate in a molar ratio of 2:2:5.
The adsorbent is sepiolite.
The preparation method of the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent comprises the following steps:
step one: mixing steel slag, blast furnace slag, coal gangue, fly ash, a stabilizer and an adsorbent to obtain a mixture A, cooling and crushing the mixture A at room temperature, and obtaining a mixture B through a 60-mesh nylon sieve;
step two: and (3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture B, the modified red mud, the waste gypsum and the carbide slag to obtain a mixture C, and obtaining the high-efficiency heavy metal curing agent.
Example III
The red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of modified red mud, 40 parts of steel slag, 35 parts of blast furnace slag, 30 parts of coal gangue, 40 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of carbide slag, 40 parts of fluorogypsum, 10 parts of stabilizer and 6 parts of adsorbent.
The modified red mud is Bayer process red mud, and the particle size of the red mud is 80 meshes.
The modified red mud is red mud subjected to heat activation at 600 ℃, and the heat activation time is 60 minutes.
The grain size of the steel slag, the blast furnace slag, the coal gangue, the fly ash and the carbide slag is smaller than 60 meshes.
The stabilizer is a mixture of NaOH and ammonium humate, and the mol ratio of the NaOH to the ammonium humate is 2:5.
The adsorbent is 5A zeolite.
The preparation method of the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent comprises the following steps:
step one: mixing steel slag, blast furnace slag, coal gangue, fly ash, a stabilizer and the mixture A, cooling and crushing the mixture A at room temperature, and obtaining a mixture B through a 60-mesh nylon sieve;
step two: and (3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture B, the modified red mud, the waste gypsum and the carbide slag to obtain a mixture C, and obtaining the high-efficiency heavy metal curing agent.
Comparative example 1
The difference with respect to example 1 is that: the red mud was untreated red mud, and the other materials were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference with respect to example 1 is that: fly ash was omitted and the procedure was otherwise as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The difference with respect to example 1 is that: the stabilizer was omitted and the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The difference with respect to example 1 is that: coal gangue was omitted, and the other components were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
The difference with respect to example 1 is that: the carbide slag was omitted, and the other components were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
The difference with respect to example 1 is that: waste gypsum was omitted, and the other matters were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 7
The difference with respect to example 1 is that: the steel slag was omitted, and the other components were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 8
The difference with respect to example 1 is that: the blast furnace slag was omitted, and the other matters were the same as in example 1.
Performance index
The red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent obtained in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-8 is applied to the pollution treatment of the soil with the excessive heavy metal detection.
1. And (3) selecting a heavy metal pollution exceeding test land, planning a treatment range, and sampling and detecting soil before treatment.
2. The red mud-based heavy metal curing agent is prepared by sowing examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-8 on the surface of the test land, 100kg of the curing agent is sown per square meter, and the tillage and soil turning are carried out on the test land by using a cultivator after the sowing of the curing agent is completed.
3. The test land is cured for 7 days, and the test land soil sample is taken for detection after 7 days of curing.
The soil is taken after the test is finished to carry out the toxicity test of pollutant leaching, the test method adopts an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the test instrument is an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, and the test result is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003494177120000101
The red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent obtained in examples 1-3 is used for testing the leaching toxicity of pollutants to meet the relevant requirements in hazardous waste identification standard leaching toxicity identification (GB 5085.3-2007).
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. A red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of red mud, 30-40 parts of steel slag, 20-40 parts of blast furnace slag, 20-30 parts of coal gangue, 30-50 parts of fly ash, 20-45 parts of carbide slag, 20-45 parts of waste gypsum, 5-20 parts of stabilizer and 0-10 parts of adsorbent;
the red mud is modified red mud subjected to acid treatment or heat treatment;
the stabilizer is a mixture of stabilizer A and stabilizer B, wherein the stabilizer A is selected from NaOH, KOH, ca (OH) 2 Or Na (or) 2 CO 3 One or more of the following; the stabilizer B is selected from hydroxyhistidine or ammonium humate.
2. The red mud-based efficient heavy metal solidifying agent according to claim 1, wherein: the red mud is selected from Bayer process red mud, sintering process red mud or mixed red mud.
3. The red mud-based efficient heavy metal solidifying agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: the particle size of the red mud is 45-200 meshes.
4. The red mud-based efficient heavy metal solidifying agent according to claim 1, wherein: the grain size of the steel slag, blast furnace slag, coal gangue, fly ash and carbide slag is less than 60 meshes.
5. The red mud-based efficient heavy metal solidifying agent according to claim 1, wherein: the mol ratio of the stabilizer A to the stabilizer B is 1-4:5-8.
6. The red mud-based efficient heavy metal solidifying agent according to claim 1, wherein: the waste gypsum is selected from one or more of phosphogypsum, fluorine gypsum, titanium gypsum or soda gypsum.
7. The red mud-based efficient heavy metal solidifying agent according to claim 1, wherein: the adsorbent is one or more selected from sepiolite, 5A zeolite or attapulgite.
8. The method for preparing the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
mixing steel slag, blast furnace slag, coal gangue, fly ash and a stabilizer to obtain a mixture A;
cooling, crushing and sieving the mixture A at room temperature to obtain a mixture B;
and (3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture B, the red mud, the waste gypsum and the carbide slag.
9. The method for preparing the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent, according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the mixture A is crushed and then is sieved by a 60-mesh sieve.
10. The method for preparing the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent, according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the red mud is modified red mud subjected to acid treatment or heat treatment;
the acid treatment method comprises the following steps: soaking the red mud with 0.1-0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid or 0.2-1 mol/L nitric acid;
the heat treatment method comprises the following steps: calcining the red mud at 500-1000 ℃ for 60-90 min.
11. The method for preparing the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent, according to claim 10, is characterized in that: the soaking time of the acid treatment is 30-60 min.
12. The application of the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent in heavy metal curing according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
13. The use of the red mud-based high-efficiency heavy metal solidifying agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the treatment of soil or groundwater contaminated by organic pollutants.
14. The application of the red mud-based efficient heavy metal curing agent in curing Cu, pb or Cr heavy metals in soil according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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