CN114478144A - Viscous powdery emulsion explosive for top hole and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Viscous powdery emulsion explosive for top hole and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114478144A CN114478144A CN202210083779.2A CN202210083779A CN114478144A CN 114478144 A CN114478144 A CN 114478144A CN 202210083779 A CN202210083779 A CN 202210083779A CN 114478144 A CN114478144 A CN 114478144A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/009—Wetting agents, hydrophobing agents, dehydrating agents, antistatic additives, viscosity improvers, antiagglomerating agents, grinding agents and other additives for working up
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
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- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sticky powdery emulsion explosive for a top hole, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 85.277-86.854% of ammonium nitrate, 0.283-0.287% of sodium nitrate, 6.440-6.559% of water and 6.3-8.0% of high-viscosity composite oil phase, wherein the sum of the mass fractions of the components is 100%; the invention improves the viscosity of the powdery emulsion explosive and solves the problem of high return dosage of pneumatic charge. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole, which comprises the steps of weighing raw materials, preparing an aqueous phase solution, preparing an oil phase solution, mixing the aqueous phase solution and the oil phase solution to obtain a mixed solution, pulverizing, cooling and sieving to obtain the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole; the invention can realize the production of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole without changing the main equipment and the process flow of the powdery emulsion explosive production line, and simultaneously avoids toxic and polluting energetic materials such as TNT and the like used in the production of the conventional viscous explosive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of civil blasting, and relates to a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for top holes and a preparation method of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top holes.
Background
Explosives for top holes generally exist in civil blasting engineering, before viscous granular explosives come out, a plurality of underground mines blow powdery explosives into blast holes by utilizing air-compressing explosive charging machines, and the powdery explosives have many defects when being used for top hole explosive charging: the labor condition is poor, the explosive return rate is high during pneumatic charging, explosive is wasted, the environment is polluted, and operators are deeply harmed; the labor intensity is high, the powdery emulsion explosive is easy to agglomerate, and manual screening and crushing must be carried out on an operation surface during charging; the powdery emulsion explosive has poor water resistance, and when a blast hole is wet or the charging time is long, water is easily dissolved and flows out of the blast hole, so that the explosive quantity in the deep hole is insufficient, and the blasting effect is seriously influenced.
In order to meet the requirements of shallow-hole or medium-deep-hole pneumatic mechanical explosive charging and solve a series of problems of high labor intensity of explosive charging, high explosive return quantity, low utilization rate of blast holes and the like, a lot of efforts are made in China, and T-1 and M-2 sticky granular explosives, sticky granular ammonium nitrate explosives, non-TNT sticky granular explosives, allowable sticky granular ammonium nitrate explosives for coal mines, non-TNT sticky granular explosives, novel sticky expanded ammonium nitrate explosives and the like are developed in sequence. The viscous granular explosive is widely applied to mine blasting engineering from the development, the demand is continuously increased, and the rapid development of the viscous explosive is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for a top hole, which improves the viscosity of the powdery emulsion explosive and solves the problem of high return dosage of pneumatic charge of the top hole.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole, which has simple production operation and does not need to change production equipment.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 85.277-86.854% of ammonium nitrate, 0.283-0.287% of sodium nitrate, 6.440-6.559% of water and 6.3-8.0% of high-viscosity composite oil phase, wherein the sum of the mass fractions of the components is 100%.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the high-viscosity composite oil phase is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10% of microcrystalline wax, 80% of microcrystalline wax paste, 3.5% of stearic primary amine acetate, 0.5% of SP-80 emulsifier and 6% of stearic acid.
The ammonium nitrate is industrial ammonium nitrate.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is a preparation method of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 85.277-86.854% of ammonium nitrate, 0.283-0.287% of sodium nitrate, 6.440-6.559% of water and 6.3-8.0% of high-viscosity composite oil phase, wherein the sum of the mass fractions of the components is 100%;
the high-viscosity composite oil phase is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10% of microcrystalline wax, 80% of microcrystalline wax paste, 3.5% of stearic primary amine acetate, 0.5% of SP-80 emulsifier and 6% of stearic acid;
step 2, preparing an aqueous phase solution: pouring ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a container A, dissolving and stirring uniformly to obtain a water phase solution, and controlling the temperature of the water phase solution to be maintained at 112-125 ℃;
step 3, preparing an oil phase solution: pouring the components of the high-viscosity composite oil phase into a container B according to mass fractions, dissolving and uniformly stirring to obtain an oil phase solution, and controlling the temperature of the oil phase solution to be kept at 90-95 ℃;
step 4, mixing the water phase solution and the oil phase solution by a mixer, and controlling the temperature of the mixed solution at 110-123 ℃;
step 5, pumping the mixed solution into a flour mill, and puffing the mixed solution under a vacuum state to lose water to prepare puffed powder;
and 6, cooling and sieving the prepared powder to obtain the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the dissolving temperature of the aqueous phase solution prepared in the step 2 is 80-125 ℃.
The dissolving temperature of the oil phase solution prepared in the step 3 is 70-95 ℃.
Step 5, preheating the flour mill at 60-90 ℃ and vacuum degree less than or equal to-0.078 MPa.
And 6, cooling the powder to below 60 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole, the viscosity of the powdery emulsion explosive is increased by changing the formula of the conventional composite oil phase for the powdery emulsion explosive, and a series of problems of high labor intensity, high explosive return amount, low blast hole utilization rate and the like of pneumatic charging are solved; the method can solve various defects of deep-hole pneumatic mechanical explosive charging, and is easier to compare with other viscous explosives in the production line of the powdery emulsion explosive.
The preparation method of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole, disclosed by the invention, is simple to operate and high in preparation efficiency, can realize the production of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole without changing main equipment and process flow of a powdery emulsion explosive production line, and simultaneously avoids toxic and polluting energetic materials such as TNT (trinitrotoluene) and the like used in the production of the conventional viscous explosive.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for pilot hole of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for a top hole, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 85.277-86.854 percent of industrial ammonium nitrate, 0.283-0.287 percent of sodium nitrate, 6.440-6.559 percent of water and 6.3-8.0 percent of high-viscosity composite oil phase, wherein the sum of the mass fractions of the components is 100 percent.
The high-viscosity composite oil phase is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10% of microcrystalline wax, 80% of microcrystalline wax paste, 3.5% of stearic primary amine acetate, 0.5% of SP-80 emulsifier and 6% of stearic acid.
The viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole has the following components:
ammonium nitrate: ammonium nitrate is a weak explosive with good chemical safety, no solid residue and relatively insensitive mechanical action, and is mainly used as an oxidant of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive.
Sodium nitrate: sodium nitrate is used as an auxiliary oxidant of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive; the crystallization temperature of the raw materials dissolved in water can be reduced, the flexibility of a gelling system at low temperature is improved, and the detonation sensitivity is improved; the oxygen content of the sodium nitrate is more than that of the ammonium nitrate, the oxygen supply amount is 2.35 times of that of the ammonium nitrate, and the oxygen balance of the explosive can be effectively adjusted by utilizing the sodium nitrate; the sodium nitrate emits a large amount of heat when dissolved, and is also favorable for increasing the solution temperature during pharmacy.
Water: the latex matrix is formed by matching, too little water is not beneficial to emulsification to form the latex matrix, the required temperature is high, and the potential safety hazard is increased; the latex matrix with too much water is not beneficial to forming powder during the powder making process, the water content in the final product is too high, and the explosion performance and the storage performance of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive are influenced
High viscosity composite oil phase: the high-viscosity composite oil phase has certain viscosity and film forming property, and is not easy to separate after being dispersed among ammonium nitrate particles, so that the storage stability of the product is improved. In addition, because the film forming property is good, the contact area of the oxidant and the reducing agent is increased, so that the oxidation-reduction reaction carried out when the explosive explodes is carried out more quickly and thoroughly, and various performance indexes of the explosive are comprehensively improved.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for a top hole, which is implemented according to the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step 1, weighing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 85.277-86.854% of ammonium nitrate, 0.283-0.287% of sodium nitrate, 6.440-6.559% of water and 6.3-8.0% of high-viscosity composite oil phase, wherein the sum of the mass fractions of the components is 100%;
the high-viscosity composite oil phase is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10% of microcrystalline wax, 80% of microcrystalline cerate, 3.5% of stearic primary amine acetate, 0.5% of SP-80 emulsifier and 6% of stearic acid;
step 2, preparing an aqueous phase solution: pouring ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a container A, dissolving at the temperature of 80-125 ℃, uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase solution, controlling the temperature of the water phase solution to be maintained at 112-125 ℃, and controlling the crystallization point of the water phase solution to be 110-112 ℃;
step 3, preparing an oil phase solution: pouring the components of the high-viscosity composite oil phase into a container B according to mass fraction, dissolving at 70-95 ℃, uniformly stirring to obtain a clear and uniform oil phase solution without obvious impurities and unmelted particles, and controlling the temperature of the oil phase solution to be kept at 90-95 ℃;
step 4, mixing the water phase solution and the oil phase solution by a mixer, and controlling the temperature of the mixed solution at 110-123 ℃;
step 5, preheating the flour mill at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ and the vacuum degree of less than or equal to-0.078 MPa, pumping the mixed solution into the flour mill, and puffing and dehydrating the mixed solution in a vacuum state to prepare bulk powder;
and 6, cooling the prepared powder to below 60 ℃, and sieving to obtain the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for a top hole, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 86.854% of ammonium nitrate, 0.287% of sodium nitrate, 6.559% of water and 6.3% of high-viscosity composite oil phase;
the high-viscosity composite oil phase is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10% of microcrystalline wax, 80% of microcrystalline wax paste, 3.5% of stearic primary amine acetate, 0.5% of SP-80 emulsifier and 6% of stearic acid;
step 2, preparing an aqueous phase solution: pouring ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a container A, dissolving at 115 ℃, uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase solution, controlling the temperature of the water phase solution to be kept at 115 ℃, and controlling the crystallization point of the water phase solution to be 110 ℃;
step 3, preparing an oil phase solution: pouring the components of the high-viscosity composite oil phase into a container B according to mass fraction, dissolving at the temperature of 95 ℃, uniformly stirring to obtain an oil phase solution, and controlling the temperature of the oil phase solution to be kept at 95 ℃;
step 4, mixing the water phase solution and the oil phase solution by a mixer, and controlling the temperature of the mixed solution at 115 ℃;
step 5, preheating the flour mill at 85 ℃, setting the vacuum degree to be-0.075 MPa, pumping the mixed solution into the flour mill, and puffing the mixed solution under a vacuum state to lose water and prepare puffed powder;
and 6, cooling the prepared powder to 40 ℃, and sieving to obtain the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for a top hole, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 86.204% of ammonium nitrate, 0.286% of sodium nitrate, 6.510% of water and 7.0% of high-viscosity composite oil phase;
the high-viscosity composite oil phase is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10% of microcrystalline wax, 80% of microcrystalline cerate, 3.5% of stearic primary amine acetate, 0.5% of SP-80 emulsifier and 6% of stearic acid;
step 2, preparing an aqueous phase solution: pouring ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a container A, dissolving at 115 ℃, uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase solution, controlling the temperature of the water phase solution to be kept at 115 ℃, and controlling the crystallization point of the water phase solution to be 110 ℃;
step 3, preparing an oil phase solution: pouring the components of the high-viscosity composite oil phase into a container B according to mass fraction, dissolving at the temperature of 95 ℃, uniformly stirring to obtain an oil phase solution, and controlling the temperature of the oil phase solution to be kept at 95 ℃;
step 4, mixing the water phase solution and the oil phase solution by a mixer, and controlling the temperature of the mixed solution at 115 ℃;
step 5, preheating the flour mill at 85 ℃, setting the vacuum degree to be-0.075 MPa, pumping the mixed solution into the flour mill, and puffing the mixed solution under a vacuum state to lose water and prepare puffed powder;
and 6, cooling the prepared powder to 40 ℃, and sieving to obtain the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for a top hole, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 85.741% of ammonium nitrate, 0.284% of sodium nitrate, 6.475% of water and 7.5% of high-viscosity composite oil phase;
the high-viscosity composite oil phase is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10% of microcrystalline wax, 80% of microcrystalline wax paste, 3.5% of stearic primary amine acetate, 0.5% of SP-80 emulsifier and 6% of stearic acid;
step 2, preparing an aqueous phase solution: pouring ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a container A, dissolving at 115 ℃, uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase solution, controlling the temperature of the water phase solution to be kept at 115 ℃, and controlling the crystallization point of the water phase solution to be 110 ℃;
step 3, preparing an oil phase solution: pouring the components of the high-viscosity composite oil phase into a container B according to mass fraction, dissolving at the temperature of 95 ℃, uniformly stirring to obtain an oil phase solution, and controlling the temperature of the oil phase solution to be kept at 95 ℃;
step 4, mixing the water phase solution and the oil phase solution by a mixer, and controlling the temperature of the mixed solution at 115 ℃;
step 5, preheating the flour mill at 85 ℃, setting the vacuum degree to be-0.075 MPa, pumping the mixed solution into the flour mill, and puffing the mixed solution under a vacuum state to lose water and prepare puffed powder;
and step 6, cooling the prepared powder to 40 ℃, and sieving to obtain the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for a top hole, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, respectively weighing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 85.277% of ammonium nitrate, 0.283% of sodium nitrate, 6.440% of water and 8.0% of high-viscosity composite oil phase;
the high-viscosity composite oil phase is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10% of microcrystalline wax, 80% of microcrystalline wax paste, 3.5% of stearic primary amine acetate, 0.5% of SP-80 emulsifier and 6% of stearic acid;
step 2, preparing an aqueous phase solution: pouring ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a container A, dissolving at 115 ℃, uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase solution, controlling the temperature of the water phase solution to be kept at 115 ℃, and controlling the crystallization point of the water phase solution to be 110 ℃;
step 3, preparing an oil phase solution: pouring the components of the high-viscosity composite oil phase into a container B according to mass fraction, dissolving at the temperature of 95 ℃, uniformly stirring to obtain an oil phase solution, and controlling the temperature of the oil phase solution to be kept at 95 ℃;
step 4, mixing the water phase solution and the oil phase solution by a mixer, and controlling the temperature of the mixed solution at 115 ℃;
step 5, preheating the flour mill at 85 ℃, setting the vacuum degree to be-0.075 MPa, pumping the mixed solution into the flour mill, and puffing the mixed solution under a vacuum state to lose water and prepare puffed powder;
and 6, cooling the prepared powder to 40 ℃, and sieving to obtain the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole.
Oxygen balance, detonation velocity, brisance, sympathetic detonation distance and powder return rate of the viscous powdery emulsion explosives for top holes prepared in examples 1 to 4 were calculated and tested, and the test results of examples 1 to 4 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 viscous powdery emulsion explosive for top hole Performance parameters
As can be seen from table 1, the viscous powdery emulsion explosive formulations for top hole developed in examples 1 to 4 approached zero oxygen balance, and almost no yellow smoke and toxic gas were generated after blasting operation; detonation velocity>3500m·s-1(ii) a Degree of violence>12 mm; the gap distance is more than or equal to 7 cm; the bulk density is more than or equal to 0.43g/cm3The performance requirements of the secondary rock powdery emulsion explosive in the general technical conditions of industrial explosives (GB 28286) and 2012) are as follows: detonation velocity>3200m·s-1(ii) a Degree of violence>12 mm; the gap distance is more than or equal to 3 cm. In contrast, the detonation performance of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for pilot holes prepared in examples 1 to 4 is similar to or even superior to that of the secondary rock powdery emulsion explosive. In addition, the powder recovery rate of the top hole of the explosive developed in the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 4 is less than or equal to 20 percent, and the explosive has better viscosity compared with a secondary rock powdery emulsion explosive and is more suitable for top hole charging.
From the above, the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for top hole of the invention changes the formula of the existing compound oil phase of the powdery emulsion explosive to develop a compound oil phase with large viscosity, uses the self-ground high-viscosity oil phase to replace the compound oil phase for the powdery emulsion explosive, adopts the production process of the powdery emulsion explosive, and develops the powdery emulsion explosive for top hole by emulsification, pulverization, cooling and sieving. Continuously adjusting the adding proportion of the high-viscosity oil phase, and repeatedly testing to determine a powdery emulsion explosive formula for the top hole with optimal performance and moderate viscosity and a preparation method thereof. The explosive has the explosion performance of the powdery emulsion explosive, and can meet the requirement of top hole charging on viscosity.
The viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole is researched on the basis of the powdery emulsion explosive, so that various defects of deep-hole pneumatic mechanical explosive charging can be overcome, the production operation is simpler compared with other viscous explosives, the production of the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole can be realized without changing main equipment of a powdery emulsion explosive production line, and toxic and polluted energetic materials such as TNT (trinitrotoluene) and the like used in the production of the conventional viscous explosive are avoided.
Claims (8)
1. The viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 85.277-86.854% of ammonium nitrate, 0.283-0.287% of sodium nitrate, 6.440-6.559% of water and 6.3-8.0% of high-viscosity composite oil phase, wherein the sum of the mass fractions of the components is 100%.
2. The viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole of claim 1, characterized in that the high-viscosity composite oil phase consists of the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 10% of microcrystalline wax, 80% of microcrystalline wax paste, 3.5% of stearic primary amine acetate, 0.5% of SP-80 emulsifier and 6% of stearic acid.
3. The viscous powdery emulsion explosive for pilot hole according to claim 1, characterized in that the ammonium nitrate is industrial ammonium nitrate.
4. A preparation method of a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for top holes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 85.277-86.854% of ammonium nitrate, 0.283-0.287% of sodium nitrate, 6.440-6.559% of water and 6.3-8.0% of high-viscosity composite oil phase, wherein the sum of the mass fractions of the components is 100%;
the high-viscosity composite oil phase is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10% of microcrystalline wax, 80% of microcrystalline wax paste, 3.5% of stearic primary amine acetate, 0.5% of SP-80 emulsifier and 6% of stearic acid;
step 2, preparing an aqueous phase solution: pouring ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a container A, dissolving and stirring uniformly to obtain a water phase solution, and controlling the temperature of the water phase solution to be kept at 112-125 ℃;
step 3, preparing an oil phase solution: pouring the components of the high-viscosity composite oil phase into a container B according to the mass fraction, dissolving and stirring uniformly to obtain an oil phase solution, and controlling the temperature of the oil phase solution to be kept at 90-95 ℃;
step 4, mixing the water phase solution and the oil phase solution by a mixer, and controlling the temperature of the mixed solution at 110-123 ℃;
step 5, pumping the mixed solution into a flour mill, and puffing the mixed solution under a vacuum state to lose water to prepare puffed powder;
and 6, cooling and sieving the prepared powder to obtain the viscous powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole.
5. The method for preparing a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for pilot hole according to claim 4, wherein the melting temperature of the aqueous phase solution prepared in step 2 is 80 ℃ to 125 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for pilot hole according to claim 4, wherein the melting temperature of the oil phase solution prepared in step 3 is 70 ℃ to 95 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the sticky powdery emulsion explosive for the top hole according to claim 4, wherein the preheating temperature of the powder making machine in the step 5 is 60 ℃ to 90 ℃, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to-0.078 MPa.
8. The method for producing a viscous powdery emulsion explosive for pilot holes according to claim 4, wherein the powder is cooled to 60 ℃ or lower in the step 6.
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