CN114473075A - Complex shaping grinding method and machine tool for tooth surface of precision roller enveloping worm - Google Patents
Complex shaping grinding method and machine tool for tooth surface of precision roller enveloping worm Download PDFInfo
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- CN114473075A CN114473075A CN202210219357.3A CN202210219357A CN114473075A CN 114473075 A CN114473075 A CN 114473075A CN 202210219357 A CN202210219357 A CN 202210219357A CN 114473075 A CN114473075 A CN 114473075A
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Abstract
本发明涉及精密滚子包络环面蜗杆齿面复杂修形磨削方法及机床，通过磨削刀具对待加工环面蜗杆齿面进行磨削修形；所述磨削修形的过程中，通过待加工环面蜗杆轴运动装置驱动待加工环面蜗杆以待加工环面蜗杆的轴为转动轴转动，通过角度调整装置调整待加工环面蜗杆与磨削刀具的刀面之间的角度，通过相对位置调整装置调整待加工环面蜗杆与磨削刀具的相对位置，通过磨削刀具磨削驱动装置驱动磨削刀具对待加工环面蜗杆进行磨削。本发明提高加工精度、加工效率、扩大加工范围，用于加工更大尺寸范围的待加工环面蜗杆，同时也可以在加工时对待加工环面蜗杆齿面进行复杂修形。
The invention relates to a precision roller enveloping toroidal worm tooth surface complex modification grinding method and a machine tool. The toroidal worm tooth surface to be processed is ground and modified by a grinding tool; The toroidal worm shaft motion device to be processed drives the toroidal worm to rotate with the axis of the toroidal worm to be processed as the rotation axis, and the angle between the toroidal worm to be processed and the blade face of the grinding tool is adjusted by the angle adjustment device. The relative position adjusting device adjusts the relative position of the toroidal worm to be processed and the grinding tool, and the grinding tool is driven by the grinding tool grinding driving device to grind the toroidal worm to be processed. The invention improves machining accuracy, machining efficiency, and expands the machining range, and is used for machining the toroidal worm with a larger size range, and can also perform complex modification on the tooth surface of the toroidal worm during machining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shape-modifying grinding, in particular to a complex shape-modifying grinding method and a complex shape-modifying grinding machine tool for a precision roller enveloping worm tooth surface.
Background
The enveloping worm transmission has the advantages of multi-tooth contact, large contact ratio, high bearing capacity, long service life and the like, is the main development direction of the current power worm transmission, and is widely applied in the fields of aerospace, ship navigation, mine metallurgy, coal mine chemical industry and the like, but the current situation that the enveloping worm tooth surface has low processing efficiency, insufficient processing precision and insufficient processing range hinders further popularization and large-area application.
In the aspect of a processing method of a ring-surface worm, the patent number is CN86107189A discloses a processing method of a closed curved surface enveloping ring-surface worm, which proposes to use a closed curved surface grinding wheel to envelop the ring-surface worm in a grinding mode;
the patent number CN1248504A discloses an approximate grinding method for a plane enveloping ring surface worm, which provides a grinding method for grinding the plane enveloping ring surface worm by using a large-diameter symmetrical double-conical surface grinding wheel instead of a plane grinding wheel, solves the problem of double-side grinding of a tooth surface, and improves the grinding efficiency and the processing precision of the worm;
the turning method for the spiral surface of the enveloping worm disclosed in patent No. CN101774029A proposes an enveloping worm with a modified tooth crest and annular surface, which is processed with an unrepaired tooth crest and annular surface, and has no function of modifying the tooth surface of the enveloping worm.
The patent number is CN102275016A, which discloses a method and an apparatus for double-sided precise grinding of enveloping toroidal worm tooth surface, and proposes to perform double-sided precise grinding on the enveloping toroidal worm tooth surface by a pressing module and an abrasive belt according to the enveloping generating principle, so as to improve the processing precision and grinding efficiency of the enveloping toroidal worm.
The processing method of the tooth surface of the enveloping worm provided by the patent improves the processing precision of the tooth surface of the enveloping worm to a certain extent, but the processing efficiency still has a space for improving, the size of the enveloping worm which can be processed is limited, and the function of modifying the tooth surface of the enveloping worm in the processing process is not realized.
In the context of a toroidal worm machine, the machining methods or machines generally used are roughly the following:
(1) the Chinese patent 'special machine tool for processing planar double-enveloping ring surface worm' has the application number of 93223232.9. The machine tool is formed by self-modification on the basis of a common lathe or a gear hobbing machine, has the advantages of being beneficial to popularization and low in cost, but has the defects of poor rigidity, low machining efficiency, low precision, strong dependence on operators, narrow machining range, no shape modification function and the like.
(2) The Chinese patent 'multifunctional numerical control enveloping worm machine tool' has the application number of 01213122.9. The machine tool adopts an integral base and a T-shaped split bed body, the front end of the machine tool body is a front bed body for mounting a spindle box, the middle of the machine tool body is a middle bed body for mounting a workbench, the rear end of the machine tool body is a rear bed body for mounting a tail, and a worm gear pair is mounted at the bottom of the workbench, so that the integral size of the machine tool is reduced, the processing manufacturability is improved, the machine tool is ensured to have enough strength and rigidity, but the problem of low precision of processing the ring surface worm also exists, the ring surface worm in a large size range can not be processed, and the function of modifying the processed ring surface worm is not realized.
(3) The Chinese patent 'numerical control five-axis linkage plane enveloping ring surface worm gear cutting machine' has the publication number of CN 1493427A. The machine tool has the function of X, Y, Z, A, B five-axis linkage, controls the cutting edge opening on the cutter disc to move on a spatial simulation inclined plane, and enables the cutting edge opening to be enveloped with a enveloping worm tooth surface.
(4) Chinese patent No. 200610095040.4, Town Worm numerical control machine tool with virtual center distance. The machine tool can machine the enveloping worm with the large center distance by the machine tool with the small center distance, and can realize turning, milling or grinding of all spiral surfaces such as the enveloping worm, the drum-shaped worm, the cylindrical worm, the conical worm and the like by selecting different numerical control shaft linkages, but the machine tool also has the problem of low precision of machining the enveloping worm and does not have the function of modifying the machined enveloping worm.
(5) Chinese patent 'numerical control five-axis linkage plane enveloping ring surface worm whirlwind cutting machine tool', publication No. CN 101362229A. The machine tool has X, Y, Z, A, B five-axis motion, realizes a linkage function in the X, Y, Z three-axis direction, realizes the accurate molding of the tooth surface of the enveloping worm by using the cyclone milling, realizes the processing of the small enveloping worm, improves the production efficiency, reduces the cost of the machine tool and the worm, but also has the problem of low accuracy of processing the enveloping worm, cannot process the large-size enveloping worm, and does not have the function of modifying the processed enveloping worm.
(6) Chinese patent "special machine tool for processing enveloping worms with primary envelope, secondary envelope and conical envelope", application number: 200910024612.3. the machine tool comprises two parts of special equipment and a tool and a home, has the function of trimming edges, is simple in structure, can be used for respectively processing the enveloping worms with primary envelope, secondary envelope and conical envelope, has the problems of long service life and wide application range, but also has the problem of low processing precision, can not process the enveloping worms with large size range, and does not have the function of trimming the processed enveloping worms.
(7) Chinese patent 'a torus worm processing machine tool with online detection and correction processing functions', application number 201410393515.2. The machine tool body is provided with a main shaft unit and a processing unit, and further comprises a detection unit and a control unit, so that online detection and correction processing in the processing process of the tooth surface of the enveloping worm are realized, the problem of low processing precision of the tooth surface of the enveloping worm at present is fundamentally solved, the defects of low processing efficiency exist, the enveloping worm in a large size range cannot be processed, and the function of correcting the processed enveloping worm is not realized.
(8) Chinese patent 'torus worm turning and grinding compound machine tool based on turning center', application No. 201610389670.6. The method has the advantages that the two working procedures of turning and grinding the enveloping worm can be completed by one-time clamping, repeated positioning is avoided, the machining precision is improved, the problem that the machining range is not large enough still exists, and the function of modifying the machined enveloping worm is not realized.
(9) Chinese patent 'plane enveloping ring surface worm tooth surface double-sided grinding machine tool based on fixed revolution center', application number 201810811354.2. The problems of low processing efficiency and low processing precision of the tooth surface of the existing plane enveloping ring surface worm are fundamentally solved, but the problem of insufficient processing range still exists, and the function of modifying the processed ring surface worm is not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a complex shape-modifying grinding method and a machine tool for the tooth surface of a precision roller enveloping ring surface worm, improves the processing precision and the processing efficiency, enlarges the processing range, is used for processing a ring surface worm to be processed with a larger size range, and can modify the shape of the ring surface worm to be processed during processing.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a complex shape-modifying grinding method for the tooth surface of a precision roller enveloping ring surface worm is characterized in that a grinding tool is used for grinding and modifying the shape of a ring surface worm to be processed; in the process of grinding and shape modification, the to-be-processed enveloping worm is driven by the to-be-processed enveloping worm shaft motion device to rotate by taking a shaft of the to-be-processed enveloping worm as a rotating shaft, the angle between the to-be-processed enveloping worm and the tool face of the grinding tool is adjusted by the angle adjusting device, the relative position between the to-be-processed enveloping worm and the grinding tool is adjusted by the relative position adjusting device, and the to-be-processed enveloping worm is ground by the grinding tool driven by the grinding tool grinding drive device.
Further, the angle adjusting device drives the enveloping worm to be machined to rotate relative to the grinding tool.
Further, the relative position adjusting device adjusts the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm to be processed and the grinding tool.
Further, the relative position adjusting device is a grinding tool moving device, and the grinding tool moving device drives the grinding tool to move along the radial direction and the axial direction of the grinding tool, so that the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm to be processed and the grinding tool are adjusted.
Further, the grinding tool grinding driving device drives the grinding tool to rotate around the axial direction of the grinding tool so as to grind the enveloping worm to be processed.
The complex shaping grinding machine tool for the tooth surface of the precision roller enveloping worm comprises a machine body, wherein a main shaft unit, a processing unit, an angle adjusting device and a relative position adjusting device are arranged on the machine body; the main shaft unit comprises a to-be-machined enveloping worm shaft motion device, and the to-be-machined enveloping worm shaft motion device drives the to-be-machined enveloping worm to rotate by taking a shaft of the to-be-machined enveloping worm as a rotating shaft; the processing unit comprises a grinding tool and a grinding tool grinding driving device, and the grinding tool grinding driving device drives the grinding tool to grind the enveloping worm to be processed; the angle adjusting device adjusts the angle between the enveloping worm to be processed and the cutter face of the grinding cutter; and the relative position adjusting device adjusts the relative position of the enveloping worm to be processed and the grinding tool.
Further, the to-be-machined torus worm shaft motion device comprises a main shaft motor, a driving ejector pin and a tailstock, wherein the main shaft motor is connected with the driving ejector pin, the driving ejector pin and the tailstock push against the to-be-machined torus worm, and the driving ejector pin drives the to-be-machined torus worm to rotate under the action of the main shaft motor.
Furthermore, the to-be-machined ring surface worm and the to-be-machined ring surface worm shaft motion device are arranged on a workpiece machining table, the angle adjusting device is connected with the workpiece machining table, and the angle adjusting device drives the workpiece machining table to rotate so as to drive the to-be-machined ring surface worm to rotate relative to the grinding tool.
Further, the relative position adjusting device adjusts the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm to be processed and the grinding tool; the relative position adjusting device is a grinding tool moving device which comprises a radial moving device and an axial moving device, the radial moving device drives the grinding tool to move along the radial direction of the grinding tool, and the axial moving device drives the grinding tool to move along the axial direction of the grinding tool, so that the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm to be machined and the grinding tool are adjusted.
Further, the grinding tool is arranged on a workbench transverse supporting plate, the workbench transverse supporting plate is connected with an axial moving device, and the axial moving device drives the workbench transverse supporting plate to move so as to enable the grinding tool to move along the axial direction of the grinding tool; the axial moving device is arranged on the workbench longitudinal supporting plate, the workbench longitudinal supporting plate is connected with the radial moving device, and the radial moving device drives the workbench longitudinal supporting plate to move so as to enable the grinding tool to move along the radial direction of the grinding tool.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the complex shaping grinding method and the machine tool for the tooth surface of the precision roller enveloping ring surface worm can improve the processing precision and the processing efficiency, expand the processing range, be used for processing the ring surface worm to be processed with a larger size range, and simultaneously carry out shaping on the ring surface worm to be processed during processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a precision roller enveloping worm tooth surface complex shaping grinding machine;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a precision roller enveloping worm tooth surface complex profile modification grinding machine;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of a precision roller enveloping worm tooth surface complex shaping grinding machine;
FIG. 4 is a movement axis of a complex modification grinding machine for a precision roller enveloping worm tooth surface;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-spindle motor 2-flange 3-spindle coupling
4-driving thimble 5-cutter mounting rack 6-grinding motor
7-centering screw rod 8-axial motor 9-to-be-processed ring surface worm
10-tailstock thimble 11-tailstock 12-thimble handle
13-dressing grinding wheel 14-workpiece processing table 15-angular contact ball bearing
16-centering motor 17-transmission gear 18-second radial thrust ball bearing
19-second radial deep groove ball bearing 20-lathe bed 21-workbench transverse supporting plate
22-centering thrust ball bearing 23-centering deep groove ball bearing 24-workbench longitudinal supporting plate
25-radial screw rod 26-first radial thrust ball bearing 27-first radial deep groove ball bearing
28-radial coupling 29-radial motor 30-grinding tool
31-second axial deep groove ball bearing 32-second axial thrust ball bearing 33-axial lead screw
34-first axial thrust ball bearing 35-first axial deep groove ball bearing 36-axial coupler
37-workpiece processing table supporting plate 38-precision indexing worm 39-precision indexing worm wheel
40-angle adjusting motor
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, in the complex shape-modifying grinding method for the tooth surface of the precision roller enveloping ring surface worm, the grinding tool 30 is used for grinding and modifying the shape of the ring surface worm 9 to be processed; in the process of grinding and shape modification, the enveloping worm to be processed 9 is driven by the enveloping worm to be processed shaft motion device to rotate by taking the shaft of the enveloping worm to be processed 9 as a rotating shaft, the angle between the enveloping worm to be processed 9 and the cutter face of the grinding cutter 30 is adjusted by the angle adjusting device, the relative position between the enveloping worm to be processed 9 and the grinding cutter 30 is adjusted by the relative position adjusting device, and the grinding cutter 30 is driven by the grinding cutter grinding drive device to grind the enveloping worm to be processed 9.
The grinding and modification are carried out according to a grinding processing program.
The enveloping worm to be processed shaft motion device drives the enveloping worm to be processed 9 to rotate by taking the shaft of the enveloping worm to be processed 9 as a rotating shaft,
the axis of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined is called the B axis.
The rotation around the B axis enables the processed enveloping worm 9 to be processed to rotate at high speed, thereby facilitating the processing.
The angle adjusting device adjusts the angle between the ring surface worm 9 to be processed and the tool surface of the grinding tool 30;
the angle adjusting device drives the enveloping worm 9 to be machined to rotate relative to the grinding tool 30.
The axis of rotation of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined relative to the grinding tool 30 is referred to as the a-axis.
Rotation about the a axis effects rotation of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined relative to the grinding tool 30.
Two moving directions of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed are formed by the enveloping worm shaft moving device to be processed and the angle adjusting device, and the two moving directions are respectively rotation around the B axis and rotation around the A axis.
The relative position adjusting device adjusts the relative position of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined and the grinding tool 30,
the relative position adjusting device adjusts the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm 9 to be machined and the grinding tool 30.
The relative position adjusting device is a grinding tool 30 moving device, and the grinding tool 30 moving device drives the grinding tool 30 to move along the radial direction and the axial direction of the grinding tool 30, so that the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm 9 to be processed and the grinding tool 30 are adjusted.
The axis of movement of the radial movement of the grinding tool 30 is the X-axis along which the grinding tool 30 moves so as to move transversely with respect to the enveloping worm 9 to be machined.
The axis of movement of the grinding tool 30 in the axial direction is the Z-axis, along which the grinding tool 30 moves so as to move longitudinally with respect to the enveloping worm 9 to be machined.
The movement of the grinding tool 30 along the X-axis and Z-axis and the rotation of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined about the a-axis replace the conventional rotation of the grinding tool 30 relative to the virtual center of rotation during the machining of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined.
The grinding tool grinding driving device drives the grinding tool 30 to grind the enveloping worm 9 to be processed.
The grinding tool grinding drive device drives the grinding tool 30 about the axial direction of the grinding tool 30 (referred to as Z)cShaft) is rotated to grind the enveloping worm 9 to be machined.
Grinding tool 30 is wound around ZcThe shaft rotates at a high speed to grind the enveloping worm 9 to be processed.
By moving the grinding tool 30 axially along the Z-axis, moving the grinding tool 30 radially along the X-axis, and rotating the grinding tool 30 about the Z-axiscThe self-rotation of the shaft, the rotation of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined around the shaft B and the rotation of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined around the shaft A realize five-shaft linkage, and the transmission ratio between the enveloping worm 9 to be machined and the grinding tool 30 is controlled according to a grinding program to shape and grind the enveloping worm 9 to be machined.
The grinding process is obtained by the steps of:
s1: measuring the enveloping worm 9 to be processed to obtain basic parameters of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed, and establishing an original tooth surface equation of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed according to the basic parameters;
s2: obtaining a modified tooth surface equation of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed according to the original tooth surface equation;
obtaining the modified tooth surface equation of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed according to the relation between the normal tooth thickness variation and the circumferential rotation amount of the original tooth surface equation of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed
S3: and generating a grinding processing program according to the modified tooth surface equation.
According to the basic parameters of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined and the basic parameters of the grinding tool 30, the rotation central axis A of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined during grinding machining, a grinding starting point and a grinding ending point are determined. According to the relevant geometric relation and motion relation, the NC codes of grinding machining are as follows:
G03 X#01 Z#02 A#03 B#04 Zc#05 (1)
in the formula (1), #01 is a position vector of the grinding tool 30 in the X-axis direction from the grinding start point to the grinding end point, which is D shown in fig. 5x；
#02 is a position vector of the grinding tool 30 in the Z-axis direction from the grinding start point to the grinding end point, which is D shown in fig. 5z；
#03 is the angle the enveloping worm 9 to be machined rotates around the axis a during grinding, which is θ shown in fig. 5;
#04 is the angular displacement of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined rotating around the axis B of the rotation center during grinding;
#05 is the angular displacement of the rotation center Zc axis of the grinding tool 30 during the grinding process;
the NC code represented by the formula (1) is obtained by moving the grinding tool 30 in the axial direction of the Z axis, moving the grinding tool 30 in the radial direction of the X axis, and rotating the grinding tool 30 around the Z axiscThe self-rotation of the shaft, the rotation of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed around the shaft B and the rotation of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed around the shaft A realize five-axis linkage; the posture of the grinding tool 30 relative to the enveloping worm 9 to be processed is controlled by controlling the matching among an X axis of radial movement of the grinding tool 30, a Z axis of axial movement of the grinding tool 30 and an A axis of rotation of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed, and the rotating speed of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed around a B axis is controlled, so that the transmission ratio between the tool and the enveloping worm 9 to be processed is controlled, and the shape modification of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed is realized; and finally, finishing the complex shaping grinding processing of the tooth surface of the roller enveloping ring surface worm.
The complex shape-modifying grinding of the tooth surface of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed is completed by rotating the enveloping worm 9 to be processed and controlling the transmission ratio between the grinding tool 30 and the enveloping worm 9 to be processed by the movement of the grinding tool 30 along the axial direction and the radial direction.
Before the grinding and shape modification, the centering device moves the enveloping worm 9 to be processed or the grinding tool 30 to center the enveloping worm 9 to be processed.
When the enveloping worm 9 to be processed is centered, the movement axis of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed or the grinding tool 30 moves is the Y axis, and the enveloping worm 9 to be processed or the grinding tool 30 moves along the Y axis.
And the ring surface worm 9 to be processed is processed to obtain the roller enveloping ring surface worm.
The complex shaping grinding machine tool for the tooth surface of the precision roller enveloping ring surface worm comprises a machine tool body 20, wherein a main shaft unit, a processing unit, an angle adjusting device and a relative position adjusting device are arranged on the machine tool body 20; the main shaft unit comprises a to-be-machined enveloping worm shaft motion device, and the to-be-machined enveloping worm shaft motion device drives the to-be-machined enveloping worm 9 to rotate by taking the shaft of the to-be-machined enveloping worm 9 as a rotating shaft; the processing unit comprises a grinding tool 30 and a grinding tool grinding driving device, and the grinding tool grinding driving device drives the grinding tool 30 to grind the enveloping worm 9 to be processed; the angle adjusting device adjusts the angle between the enveloping worm 9 to be machined and the tool face of the grinding tool 30; the relative position adjusting device adjusts the relative position of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined and the grinding tool 30.
The to-be-machined torus worm shaft motion device comprises a spindle motor 1, a driving ejector pin 4 and a tailstock 11, wherein the spindle motor 1 is connected with the driving ejector pin 4, the to-be-machined torus worm 9 is jacked between the driving ejector pin 4 and the tailstock 11, and the driving ejector pin 4 drives the to-be-machined torus worm 9 to rotate under the action of the spindle motor 1.
The spindle motor 1 is a high voltage winding spindle motor 1.
The spindle motor 1 is connected with a driving thimble 4 through a flange 2 and a spindle coupling 3.
The spindle motor 1 is positioned and fixed to a headstock of the workpiece table 14 of the bed 20 by a pair of high-precision angular contact bearings.
The pair of high-precision angle contact bearings are a thrust ball bearing and a deep groove ball bearing.
The tailstock 11 is provided with a tailstock thimble 10, the enveloping worm 9 to be machined is supported by the driving thimble 4 and the tailstock thimble 10, and the driving thimble 4 drives the enveloping worm 9 to be machined to rotate around the B axis.
The tailstock 11 is further provided with an ejector pin handle 12, and the ejector pin handle 12 is used for operating the tailstock ejector pin 10.
The worm shaft moving device for the ring surface to be machined is fixedly arranged on a workpiece machining table 14 on the machine body 20.
The workpiece processing table 14 is provided with a dressing grinding wheel 13, and the dressing grinding wheel 13 is used for dressing a grinding tool to ensure the processing precision.
The grinding driving device of the grinding tool comprises a grinding motor 6, the grinding motor 6 is connected with the grinding tool 30 through a coupler, and the grinding tool 30 is driven by the grinding motor 6 to rotate around the axial direction (Z) of the grinding tool 30cShaft) is rotated.
The grinding motor 6 is a winding motor.
Grinding tool 30 around ZcThe shaft rotates at high speed to form a cutting main motion.
The grinding tool 30 is a grinding head tool.
The enveloping worm 9 to be machined and the enveloping worm shaft moving device to be machined are arranged on the workpiece machining table 14, the angle adjusting device is connected with the workpiece machining table 14, and the angle adjusting device drives the workpiece machining table 14 to rotate so as to drive the enveloping worm 9 to be machined to rotate relative to the grinding tool 30.
The angle adjusting device comprises an angle adjusting motor 40, a precision indexing worm 38 and a precision indexing worm wheel 39, wherein the precision indexing worm 38 is connected with the angle adjusting motor 40, the precision indexing worm 38 is matched with the precision indexing worm wheel 39, the precision indexing worm wheel 39 is connected with the workpiece processing table 14, and the angle adjusting motor 40 drives the precision indexing worm 38 to drive the precision indexing worm wheel 39 to rotate so as to drive the ring surface worm 9 to be processed on the workpiece processing table 14 to rotate relative to the grinding tool 30. The ring surface worm 9 to be processed rotates around the axis A.
The angle adjusting motor 40 is a servo motor.
The two ends of the precision indexing worm 38 are positioned on the base of the bed 20 through tapered roller bearings.
Two ends of the precision indexing worm wheel 39 are positioned on the base through a deep groove ball bearing and a thrust ball bearing.
The servo motor is arranged on the base.
The relative position adjusting device adjusts the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm 9 to be machined and the grinding tool 30.
The relative position adjusting device is a grinding tool 30 moving device, the grinding tool 30 moving device comprises a radial moving device and an axial moving device, the radial moving device drives the grinding tool 30 to move along the radial direction of the grinding tool 30, and the axial moving device drives the grinding tool 30 to move along the axial direction of the grinding tool 30, so that the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm 9 to be machined and the grinding tool 30 are adjusted.
The grinding tool 30 is arranged on the workbench transverse supporting plate 21, the workbench transverse supporting plate 21 is connected with an axial moving device, and the axial moving device drives the workbench transverse supporting plate 21 to move so as to enable the grinding tool 30 to move along the axial direction of the grinding tool 30; the axial moving device is arranged on the workbench longitudinal supporting plate 24, the workbench longitudinal supporting plate 24 is connected with the radial moving device, and the radial moving device drives the workbench longitudinal supporting plate 24 to move so as to enable the grinding tool 30 to move along the radial direction of the grinding tool 30.
The axial moving device comprises an axial motor 8 and an axial lead screw 33, the axial motor 8 is connected with the axial lead screw 33, the axial lead screw 33 is connected with the workbench transverse supporting plate 21, and the axial motor 8 drives the axial lead screw 33 to rotate so as to drive the workbench transverse supporting plate 21 to move, so that the grinding tool 30 moves along the axial direction of the grinding tool 30.
The axial screw 33 is connected with the axial motor 8 on the worktable longitudinal supporting plate 24 through an axial coupling 36.
A first axial deep groove ball bearing 35 and a first axial thrust ball bearing 34 are installed at one end of an axial lead screw 33, a second axial deep groove ball bearing 31 and a second axial thrust ball bearing 32 are installed at the other end of the axial lead screw, so that the longitudinal support plate 24 of the workbench is positioned, and a nut is installed in the middle of the axial lead screw 33 to further drive the transverse support plate 21 of the workbench to move through a guide rail.
The grinding tool 30 is mounted on the table cross support plate 21 through a tool mounting bracket 5.
The axial motor 8 is a servo motor.
The radial moving device comprises a radial motor 29 and a radial lead screw 25, the radial motor 29 is connected with the radial lead screw 25, the radial lead screw 25 is connected with the workbench longitudinal support plate 24, and the radial motor 29 drives the radial lead screw 25 to rotate so as to drive the workbench longitudinal support plate 24 to move, so that the grinding tool 30 can move along the radial direction of the grinding tool 30.
The radial moving device is arranged on the lathe bed 20.
The radial screw 25 is connected with a radial motor 29 through a radial coupling 28, and the radial motor 29 is arranged at the front end of a headstock of the lathe bed 20.
One end of the radial screw rod 25 is provided with a first radial deep groove ball bearing 27 and a first radial thrust ball bearing 26, and the other end is provided with a second radial deep groove ball bearing 19 and a second radial thrust ball bearing 18, so that the radial screw rod is positioned on the lathe bed 20, and a nut is arranged in the middle of the radial screw rod 25 to further drive the workbench longitudinal support plate 24 to move through a guide rail of the lathe bed 20.
The radial motor 29 is a servo motor.
The lathe bed 20 is further provided with a centering device, and the centering device enables the enveloping worm 9 to be machined to be centered through the movement of the enveloping worm 9 to be machined or the grinding tool 30 before grinding and shape modification.
The centering device comprises a centering motor 16 and a centering screw rod 7, the centering motor 16 is connected with the centering screw rod 7, the centering screw rod 7 is connected with a workpiece processing table 14, and the centering motor 16 drives the centering screw rod 7 to rotate so as to drive the workpiece processing table 14 to move, so that the ring surface worm 9 to be processed on the workpiece processing table 14 moves.
The centering screw rod 7 is connected with the centering motor 16 through two transmission gears 17, the power of the centering motor 16 is transmitted to the centering screw rod 7, the centering screw rod 7 and the transmission gears 17 are positioned and fixed on a workpiece processing table supporting plate 37 through a pair of angular contact ball bearings 15, the centering deep groove ball bearing 23 and the centering thrust ball bearing 22 are arranged at the other ends of the centering screw rod and positioned on the workpiece processing table supporting plate 37, nuts are arranged in the middle of the centering screw rod 7, and then the workpiece processing table 14 is driven to move along the Y axis through a guide rail of the machine body 20, and centering of the toroidal worm 9 to be processed is achieved.
The centering motor 16 is a servo motor.
Through A, B, Y, X, Z and ZcThe six-axis motion of (a) is centered by the Y-axis motion before machining, the remainder A, B, X, Z and ZcAnd performing five-axis linkage to finish the complex shape-modifying grinding of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed.
The grinding tool 30 is a flat grinding wheel.
The processing and the modification of the tooth surface of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed are realized by the following steps: firstly, the workpiece processing table 14 moves along the Y direction through the centering motor 16 to ensure the position centering of the toroidal worm 9 to be processed, and then the five-axis linkage is carried out through the spindle motor 1, the radial motor 29, the axial motor 8, the grinding motor 6 and the angle adjusting motor 40, so that the revolution of the toroidal worm 9 to be processed along the B axis, the movement of the workbench transverse supporting plate 21 along the Z axis, the movement of the workbench longitudinal supporting plate 24 along the X axis, the rotation of the workpiece processing table 14 around the A axis, and the rotation of the grinding tool 30 around the Z axis are realizedcThe shaft rotates.
Through the complex shaping grinding method and the machine tool for the tooth surface of the precision roller enveloping ring surface worm, the processing precision and the processing efficiency can be improved, the processing range is expanded, the method and the machine tool are used for processing the ring surface worm 9 to be processed with a larger size range, and meanwhile, the ring surface worm 9 to be processed can be shaped during processing.
The enveloping worm to be processed shaft motion device drives the enveloping worm to be processed 9 to rotate by taking the shaft of the enveloping worm to be processed 9 as a rotating shaft, so that the processing range is expanded; the angle adjusting device and the relative position adjusting device adjust the angle and the relative position between the enveloping worm 9 to be processed and the grinding tool 30, so that the relative posture of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed and the grinding tool 30 is adjusted, the grinding tool grinding driving device is used for driving the grinding tool 30 to grind, the shape modification of the enveloping worm 9 to be processed is realized during processing, and the processing precision and the processing efficiency are improved.
The modification of the tooth surface of the enveloping worm is added into the processing of the tooth surface of the enveloping worm, and the modification is carried out when the tooth surface is processed by a preset grinding processing program, so that the processing and modification efficiency of the enveloping worm is improved. Meanwhile, the traditional three-axis linkage machining is changed into five-axis linkage machining, the machining efficiency and the control precision are further improved, and the size range of the ring surface worm capable of being machined is enlarged. The method has universality of principle and wide application value.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The complex shaping grinding method for the tooth surface of the worm with the precise roller enveloping ring surface is characterized in that: grinding and shaping the ring surface worm to be processed by a grinding cutter; in the process of grinding and shape modification, the to-be-processed enveloping worm is driven by the to-be-processed enveloping worm shaft motion device to rotate by taking a shaft of the to-be-processed enveloping worm as a rotating shaft, the angle between the to-be-processed enveloping worm and the tool face of the grinding tool is adjusted by the angle adjusting device, the relative position between the to-be-processed enveloping worm and the grinding tool is adjusted by the relative position adjusting device, and the to-be-processed enveloping worm is ground by the grinding tool driven by the grinding tool grinding drive device.
2. The complex shape-modifying grinding method for the tooth surface of the precision roller enveloping worm as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the angle adjusting device drives the enveloping worm to be machined to rotate relative to the grinding tool.
3. The complex shape-modifying grinding method for the tooth surface of the precision roller enveloping worm as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: and the relative position adjusting device adjusts the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm to be processed and the grinding tool.
4. The complex shape-modifying grinding method for the tooth surface of the precision roller enveloping worm as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the relative position adjusting device is a grinding tool moving device which drives the grinding tool to move along the radial direction and the axial direction of the grinding tool, so that the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm to be processed and the grinding tool are adjusted.
5. The complex shape-modifying grinding method for the tooth surface of the precision roller enveloping worm as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the grinding tool grinding driving device drives the grinding tool to rotate around the axial direction of the grinding tool so as to grind the enveloping worm to be processed.
6. The complex shape-modifying grinding machine tool for the tooth surface of the worm with the precise roller enveloping ring surface is characterized in that: the device comprises a lathe bed, wherein a main shaft unit, a processing unit, an angle adjusting device and a relative position adjusting device are arranged on the lathe bed; the main shaft unit comprises a to-be-machined enveloping worm shaft motion device, and the to-be-machined enveloping worm shaft motion device drives the to-be-machined enveloping worm to rotate by taking a shaft of the to-be-machined enveloping worm as a rotating shaft; the processing unit comprises a grinding tool and a grinding tool grinding driving device, and the grinding tool grinding driving device drives the grinding tool to grind the enveloping worm to be processed; the angle adjusting device adjusts the angle between the enveloping worm to be processed and the cutter face of the grinding cutter; and the relative position adjusting device adjusts the relative position of the enveloping worm to be processed and the grinding tool.
7. The precision roller enveloping worm tooth surface complex shaping grinding machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: the to-be-machined torus worm shaft motion device comprises a main shaft motor, a driving ejector pin and a tailstock, wherein the main shaft motor is connected with the driving ejector pin, the driving ejector pin and the tailstock push against the to-be-machined torus worm, and the driving ejector pin drives the to-be-machined torus worm to rotate under the action of the main shaft motor.
8. The precision roller enveloping worm tooth surface complex profile modification grinding machine tool as set forth in claim 6 or 7, wherein: the to-be-machined ring surface worm and the to-be-machined ring surface worm shaft motion device are arranged on the workpiece machining table, the angle adjusting device is connected with the workpiece machining table, and the angle adjusting device drives the workpiece machining table to rotate so as to drive the to-be-machined ring surface worm to rotate relative to the grinding tool.
9. The precision roller enveloping worm tooth surface complex profile modification grinding machine tool as set forth in claim 6 or 7, wherein: the relative position adjusting device adjusts the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm to be processed and the grinding tool; the relative position adjusting device is a grinding tool moving device which comprises a radial moving device and an axial moving device, the radial moving device drives the grinding tool to move along the radial direction of the grinding tool, and the axial moving device drives the grinding tool to move along the axial direction of the grinding tool, so that the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance between the enveloping worm to be machined and the grinding tool are adjusted.
10. The precision roller enveloping worm tooth surface complex profile modification grinding machine tool of claim 9, wherein: the grinding tool is arranged on the workbench transverse supporting plate, the workbench transverse supporting plate is connected with the axial moving device, and the axial moving device drives the workbench transverse supporting plate to move so as to enable the grinding tool to move along the axial direction of the grinding tool; the axial moving device is arranged on the workbench longitudinal supporting plate, the workbench longitudinal supporting plate is connected with the radial moving device, and the radial moving device drives the workbench longitudinal supporting plate to move so as to enable the grinding tool to move along the radial direction of the grinding tool.
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| CN202210219357.3A CN114473075A (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Complex shaping grinding method and machine tool for tooth surface of precision roller enveloping worm |
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