CN114438337B - Method for carrying out electroslag remelting by single-inlet multi-outlet type water-cooling crystallizer electroslag remelting device - Google Patents
Method for carrying out electroslag remelting by single-inlet multi-outlet type water-cooling crystallizer electroslag remelting device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electroslag remelting device of a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer and a use method thereof, which can achieve the purposes of refining internal structure grains of an electroslag ingot and improving the surface quality of the electroslag ingot. Therefore, the invention develops a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer which consists of a lower water inlet, a water outlet at the top of the crystallizer and a plurality of water outlets vertically arranged along the height direction of the crystallizer. During electroslag remelting, the opening and closing of each water outlet are dynamically adjusted according to the height of an electroslag ingot in the crystallizer; in the electroslag remelting process, the water outlet at the top of the water-cooling crystallizer is always in an open mode, and the rest water outlets are sequentially opened and closed according to the height of the electroslag ingot. The existing single-inlet single-outlet water-cooling crystallizer always has the problem that the internal quality of the electroslag ingot is poor or the surface quality of the electroslag ingot is poor and cannot be improved at the same time no matter how the water cooling system of the crystallizer is changed. The single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer developed by the invention can obtain the optimal surface and internal quality of the electroslag ingot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to an electroslag remelting device of a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallizer and a use method thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the diameter of the electroslag ingot and the content of elements in alloy steel, the improvement of the center segregation of the large-size electroslag ingot and the refinement of the grain size are important ways for producing large-size forgings. Electroslag remelting is used as an equipment process for producing large-size forgings and high-alloy steel grades, and although the quality of electroslag ingots is improved to a certain extent, the center of the large-size electroslag ingots still has the problems of solidification segregation, coarse grains and the like. Especially for large-size electroslag ingots such as stainless steel, nickel-based alloy, tool and die steel and the like, element segregation and harmful precipitation generated in the solidification process of the electroslag ingots seriously affect the large-scale production of the electroslag ingots. Therefore, reducing the solidification segregation and refining the structure grains are key to producing the large-size forge piece.
At present, the production process of electroslag remelting is that a small amount of premelting slag is firstly placed at the bottom of a crystallizer in the early stage of electroslag remelting, slag is gradually melted under the arc heat of a metal electrode and a bottom plate, and then the rest slag is continuously added for melting; when all slag is melted, a liquid slag pool is formed, a metal electrode is inserted into the liquid slag pool, the metal electrode is continuously melted into liquid drops to pass through the liquid slag pool under the action of Joule heat of the liquid slag pool and a water cooling crystallizer, and is solidified into an electroslag ingot under the action of the water cooling crystallizer, and the preparation of the whole electroslag ingot is completed along with the continuous melting of the metal electrode and the continuous rising of the electroslag ingot.
Compared with a continuous casting billet in the prior art, the electroslag remelting can promote the solidification rate of molten steel, but more serious solidification segregation and coarse grains still exist in the solidification process of a large-size electroslag ingot of a high alloy steel type, and particularly for the electroslag ingot with the electroslag remelting diameter of more than 60cm, the solidification rate of a metal molten pool and the surface quality of the electroslag ingot are in an opposite relation. In addition, by optimizing the cooling strength of the water-cooled crystallizer, although better internal quality can be obtained on the premise of ensuring the surface quality of the electroslag ingot, the internal quality still cannot meet the requirements of the large-scale electroslag ingot and the high-performance product.
In conclusion, the improvement of the internal quality and the surface quality of the electroslag ingot in the electroslag remelting process has important significance for producing large-scale forgings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of improving the surface quality and the internal quality of the electroslag ingot, reducing solidification segregation, refining tissue grains, reducing TiN, mnS, alN and other harmful precipitated phases, and providing a high-quality electroslag ingot for large-scale forging products.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an electroslag remelting device of a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallizer and a use method thereof, and particularly adopts the following technical scheme:
An electroslag remelting device of a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer comprises the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer, wherein the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer is internally used for remelting and resolidifying metal electrodes and comprises a lower water inlet and a plurality of water outlets; the water outlets are arranged up and down along the height of the crystallizer.
The invention discloses application of an electroslag remelting device of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer in electroslag remelting, wherein the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer comprises a lower water inlet and a plurality of water outlets; the water outlets are arranged up and down along the height of the crystallizer.
The invention discloses application of the electroslag remelting device of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer in improving the surface and internal quality of an electroslag remelting ingot casting electroslag ingot at the same time, wherein the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer comprises a lower water inlet and a plurality of water outlets; the water outlets are arranged up and down along the height of the crystallizer.
As common knowledge, the electroslag remelting device of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallizer has basic components and structures of a conventional electroslag remelting device, such as a power supply, a water-cooling cable, a metal electrode, a bottom water tank, a liquid slag pool, the water-cooling crystallizer and a metal molten pool. The water cooling crystallizer has water inlet and water outlet communicated to the interlayer of the water cooling crystallizer for cooling the crystallizer, and water inlet in the lower part of the water cooling crystallizer and water outlets in the height direction of the water cooling crystallizer. Preferably, the plurality of water outlets are vertically arranged up and down along the height direction of the water-cooled crystallizer. Further preferably, each water outlet is provided with a flow regulating valve, the water outlet at the top of the crystallizer is provided with a liquid flowmeter, and all water outlets are finally connected into a return water total loop which is provided with the liquid flowmeter. The cooling water of each water outlet of the crystallizer is respectively adjusted to be opened and closed, so that the V-shaped area of the metal molten pool becomes shallow, the solidification rate of the metal molten pool becomes fast, the structure grains of the electroslag ingot are refined, and the surface quality of the electroslag ingot is improved.
In the invention, the number of the water outlets is 2-15, preferably 5-12; the water outlets are arranged above the water inlet and are vertically arranged at different heights of the crystallizer. The distance between the lowest water outlet among the plurality of water outlets and the bottom surface of the crystallizer is more than 20 cm, preferably more than 20 cm and less than 40 cm; the distance between the uppermost water outlet and the water outlet adjacent to the uppermost water outlet among the water outlets is more than 25 cm, preferably more than 25 cm and less than 55 cm, namely the topmost water outlet is positioned at the uppermost end of the crystallizer, and the distance between the secondary top water outlet and the topmost water outlet is more than 25 cm; among the plurality of water outlets, the water outlets between the lowest water outlet and the water outlet adjacent to the highest water outlet are uniformly distributed, namely the rest water outlets are uniformly distributed between the lowest water outlet and the secondary top water outlet according to the height, and the intervals are kept consistent.
Preferably, an intermediate layer is arranged in an interlayer of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallizer, and is mounted on the inner wall of the interlayer through a partition plate, and is particularly mounted on the inner wall of an outer layer; the number of the partition boards is the same as that of the water outlets of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer, and the water outlets are arranged at intervals with the partition boards; the middle layer is provided with annular water through holes, the number of the annular water through holes is consistent with that of the water outlets of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallizer, and the annular water through holes are arranged at intervals with the partition plates. The water cooling effect is better due to the arrangement of the middle layer.
The invention discloses a method for electroslag remelting by using an electroslag remelting device of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer, which comprises the following steps of:
the invention discloses a method for performing electroslag remelting by using an electroslag remelting device of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallizer, which comprises the following steps that a bottom water tank of the electroslag remelting device is opened for water cooling, a water inlet and an uppermost water outlet of the crystallizer are opened for starting the electroslag remelting, and the water cooling of the bottom water tank, the water inlet and the uppermost water outlet of the crystallizer are continuously opened until the electroslag remelting is finished; when the interface between the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool in the crystallizer reaches 4-6 cm above the water outlet, the water outlet is opened, and the rest water outlets are closed until the electroslag remelting is completed.
Specific:
(1) The water-cooling crystallizer consisting of a lower water inlet, a topmost water outlet and a plurality of water outlets vertically arranged along the height direction of the crystallizer is adopted, and when electroslag remelting is carried out, the opening and closing of each water outlet are regulated according to the height of a liquid slag pool-metal molten pool interface in the crystallizer;
(2) In the electroslag remelting process, circulating cooling water of a bottom water tank is always in an open mode, a water outlet at the top of a water-cooling crystallizer is always in an open cooling mode, and other water outlets are sequentially opened and closed according to the height of a liquid slag pool-metal molten pool interface;
(3) The electroslag remelting is started, circulating cooling water of the bottom water tank is in an opening mode, and the water cooling crystallizer adopts a single-inlet single-outlet cooling mode of water inlet of a lower water inlet, water outlet of a water outlet at the top and closing of other water outlets;
(4) Along with the continuous rising of the electroslag ingot, when the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 4-6 cm above the water outlet at the lowest part of the crystallizer, the water outlet (the first water outlet at the lower end of the crystallizer) and the water outlet at the top are in an open mode, and the other water outlets are in a closed mode;
(5) When the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 4-6 cm above the second water outlet from the lower part of the crystallizer, the second water outlet and the topmost water outlet of the crystallizer are in an open mode, and the other water outlets are in a closed mode;
(6) When the interface between the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 4-6 cm above a third water outlet from below the crystallizer, the third water outlet and the topmost water outlet of the crystallizer are in an open mode, and the other water outlets are in a closed mode;
(7) When the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 4-6 cm above the fourth water outlet and the fifth water outlet from the lower part of the crystallizer, the fourth water outlet and the fifth water outlet are circularly opened and the rest water outlets are closed in turn by analogy, and the current water outlet and the top water outlet of the crystallizer are kept in an opening mode, and the rest water outlets are in a closing mode.
In the invention, the side wall of the water-cooling crystallizer is provided with an interlayer, an interlayer is arranged in the interlayer, an annular water through port is arranged on the interlayer and used for circulating water cooling, and a bottom water tank is arranged at the bottom and used for bottom water cooling. The water-cooling crystallizer consists of a lower water inlet and a plurality of water outlets vertically arranged along the height direction of the crystallizer, the opening and closing of each water outlet can be adjusted, and the water flow of all water outlets is preferably the same.
The water outlet at the top of the crystallizer is always opened, so that the liquid slag pool and the cylindrical area of the upper metal molten pool are always in a reasonable cooling mode, and the slag shell on the surface of the electroslag ingot is thinned; as a preferred example, when the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface reaches 5 cm above the current water outlet, the current water outlet is opened, so that the water flow rate in the crystallizer lower than the current water outlet is increased, the cooling strength of the lower metal bath V-shaped region and the formed electroslag ingot at the corresponding height is obviously increased, the metal bath V-shaped region becomes shallow, the solidification rate of the metal bath becomes fast, the center segregation of the electroslag ingot is reduced, the structure grains are thinned, and the aim of improving the surface and internal quality of the electroslag ingot is fulfilled.
In order to control the opening and closing time of each water outlet on different heights of the crystallizer, the invention also discloses a method for calculating the height of the liquid slag pool-metal molten pool interface according to the descending height of the metal electrode, which is used for controlling the opening and closing of each water outlet of the crystallizer according to the descending height of the metal electrode, wherein the diameter of an upper round opening of the crystallizer is smaller than that of a lower round opening, and the diameter of the upper round opening of the crystallizer has a certain taper, which is common sense. The relationship between the descending height of the metal electrode and the interface height of the liquid slag bath and the metal bath can be divided into the following three calculation methods according to the shape of the metal electrode:
(1) When the metal electrode is a cylinder, the lower end of the metal electrode touches the bottom of the crystallizer to be a zero point. The change relation between the descending height of the metal electrode and the interface height of the liquid slag bath and the metal molten bath is shown as formula (1):
（1）
wherein the radius of the metal electrode isaThe radius of the round mouth on the crystallizer isrThe radius of the lower round mouth of the crystallizer isRThe height of the crystallizer isLThe height of the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface isHThe descending height of the metal electrode ishThe thickness of the liquid slag pool isp。
(2) When the metal electrode is a round bar with a certain taper and the diameter of the upper circle is larger than that of the lower circle, the big end faces upwards and the small end faces downwards, and the lower end of the metal electrode touches the bottom of the crystallizer to be a zero point. The change relation between the descending height of the metal electrode and the interface height of the liquid slag bath and the metal molten bath is shown as formula (2):
（2）
wherein the metal electrode has a small radius of a circleaRadius of great circle isAThe length of the metal electrode isnThe radius of the round mouth on the crystallizer isrThe radius of the lower round mouth of the crystallizer isRThe height of the crystallizer isLThe height of the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface isHThe descending height of the metal electrode ishThe thickness of the liquid slag pool isp。
(3) When the metal electrode is a round bar with a certain taper and the diameter of the upper circle is smaller than that of the lower circle, the big end faces downwards and the small end faces upwards, and the lower end of the metal electrode touches the bottom of the crystallizer to be a zero point. The change relation between the descending height of the metal electrode and the interface height of the liquid slag bath and the metal molten bath is shown as formula (3):
（3）
Wherein the metal electrode has a small radius of a circleaRadius of great circle isAThe length of the metal electrode isnThe radius of the round mouth on the crystallizer isrThe radius of the lower round mouth of the crystallizer isRThe height of the crystallizer isLThe height of the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface isHThe descending height of the metal electrode ishThe thickness of the liquid slag pool isp。
Thickness of liquid slag poolp= (weight of added slag/density of slag melt)/(pi×)R 2 ）。
The invention takes the shape of three conventional metal electrodes, and according to the descending height of the tested metal electrodes, the height of the liquid slag bath-metal molten pool interface is disclosed for the first time, and the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer is combined to realize the aim of simultaneously improving the internal quality and the surface quality of an electroslag ingot; the problem that the internal quality and the surface quality of the electroslag ingot cannot be improved simultaneously in the prior art is effectively solved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
the first method adopts a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer and a use method thereof, so that the cooling strength of the V-shaped area of the lower metal molten pool and the formed electroslag ingot is obviously increased, the depth of the V-shaped area of the lower metal molten pool is shallower, the solidification rate of the metal molten pool is accelerated, the segregation of the electroslag ingot is improved, the structure grains are thinned and the like.
Secondly, a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallizer and a use method thereof are adopted, and under the condition that the cooling strength of a V-shaped area of a lower metal molten pool and a formed electroslag ingot is obviously increased, the cylindrical area of the upper metal molten pool and a liquid slag pool are in reasonable water-cooling strength, so that the thinning of the surface slag shell of the cylindrical area of the metal molten pool, namely the thinning of the surface slag shell of the electroslag ingot, is facilitated, and the surface quality of the electroslag ingot is improved.
Thirdly, the invention discloses a calculation method for the descending height of the metal electrode and the interface height of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool for the first time, and the opening and closing of each water outlet of the crystallizer can be automatically controlled according to the electrode descending height indication on the electroslag furnace control table.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following creativity: 1) The invention discloses a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer and a use method thereof for the first time, and cooling water of each water outlet can be respectively adjusted to be opened and closed, so that the water flow in the axial direction of the crystallizer is fast in the lower crystallizer of the current opened water outlet, and slow in the upper crystallizer of the current opened water outlet, and the aim of simultaneously improving the internal quality and the surface quality of an electroslag ingot is fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer with an interlayer and an intermediate layer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electroslag remelting apparatus of a single-inlet multiple-outlet water-cooled crystallizer (shallow V-shaped metal bath feature);
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electroslag remelting device of a conventional single-inlet single-outlet water-cooled crystallizer;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electroslag remelting device with size parameter marks for a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer according to an embodiment;
wherein: 1-1# water outlet, 2-2# water outlet, 3-3# water outlet, 4-4# water outlet, 5-5# water outlet, electric regulating valve of 6-1# water outlet, electric regulating valve of 7-2# water outlet, electric regulating valve of 8-3# water outlet, electric regulating valve of 9-4# water outlet, electric regulating valve of 10-5# water outlet, 11-crystallizer main water inlet, 12-water-cooled crystallizer steel outer layer, 13-water-cooled crystallizer copper inner layer, 14-electroslag ingot, 15-upper metal bath cylindrical region, 20-lower metal bath V-shaped region, 16-liquid slag bath, 17-metal electrode, 18-bottom water tank, 19-liquid flowmeter, 21-water-cooled crystallizer steel middle layer, 22-water-cooled crystallizer middle layer partition, annular water port of 23-water-cooled crystallizer middle layer.
FIG. 5 shows that the electroslag ingot prepared in the first embodiment has smooth surface and good quality;
FIG. 6 is a molten metal pool morphology during electroslag remelting for application example one;
FIG. 7 shows a microstructure of a central portion of an electroslag ingot prepared in accordance with the first embodiment, wherein the lamellar spacing of pearlite is small;
FIG. 8 shows that the electroslag ingot prepared in the first comparative example has a flat surface and good quality;
FIG. 9 is a molten metal pool morphology during electroslag remelting of comparative example one;
FIG. 10 shows the microstructure of the center portion of an electroslag ingot prepared in comparative example I, wherein the lamellar spacing of pearlite is large;
FIG. 11 shows the electroslag ingot prepared in comparative example II, with a corrugated surface and poor quality;
FIG. 12 is a molten metal pool morphology during electroslag remelting for comparative example two;
FIG. 13 shows the microstructure of the center portion of the electroslag ingot prepared in comparative example II, wherein the lamellar spacing of pearlite is large;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an electroslag remelting device with an additional coplanar water outlet for a single-inlet single-outlet water-cooled crystallizer;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of a single-inlet multi-outlet type water-cooled crystallizer without a steel intermediate layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, so that those skilled in the art will better understand the invention and practice it. The specific components and the specific connection method of the components are conventional methods, such as installation and control of a water outlet valve. The specific experiment and the testing method of the invention are the prior art, and the interval is the average value.
The invention discloses an electroslag remelting device of a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer and a use method thereof, which can achieve the purposes of refining internal structure grains of an electroslag ingot and improving the surface quality of the electroslag ingot. Therefore, the invention develops a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer which consists of a lower water inlet, a water outlet at the top of the crystallizer and a plurality of water outlets vertically arranged along the height direction of the crystallizer. During electroslag remelting, the opening and closing of each water outlet are dynamically adjusted according to the height of an electroslag ingot in the crystallizer; in the electroslag remelting process, the water outlet at the top of the water-cooling crystallizer is always in an open mode, and the rest water outlets are sequentially opened and closed according to the height of the electroslag ingot. Along with the continuous rising of the electroslag ingot, when the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 4-6 cm above the first water outlet, the first water outlet and the top water outlet are in an open mode, and the other water outlets are in a closed mode; when the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 4-6 cm above the second water outlet, the second water outlet and the top water outlet are in an open mode, and the other water outlets are in a closed mode; and when the water reaches 4-6 cm above the third water outlet, the fourth water outlet and the like, the water outlets are sequentially and circularly opened and closed, the current water outlet and the top water outlet are kept in an opening mode, the other water outlets are in a closing mode, and preferably, the flow rates of all the water outlets are the same. The device and the process enable the liquid slag pool and the cylindrical area of the upper part metal molten pool to be in a reasonable cooling mode all the time, and the slag shell on the surface of the electroslag ingot is thinned; meanwhile, the cooling intensity of the crystallizer with the V-shaped area of the lower part of the metal molten pool and the corresponding height of the formed electroslag ingot is obviously increased, so that the V-shaped area of the metal molten pool becomes shallow, the solidification rate becomes fast, the grains of the electroslag ingot structure are thinned, the center segregation of the electroslag ingot is lightened, and the aim of simultaneously improving the surface and internal quality of the electroslag ingot is achieved. In the prior art, a single-inlet single-outlet water-cooled crystallizer is adopted, and the problems that the internal quality of an electroslag ingot is poor or the surface quality of the electroslag ingot is poor can not be improved at the same time are always existed no matter how the water cooling system of the crystallizer is changed. The single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer developed by the invention can obtain the optimal surface and internal quality of the electroslag ingot.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the electroslag remelting device of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer comprises a water-cooled crystallizer and other conventional components, wherein the water-cooled crystallizer is a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer according to a circulating water mode, electric regulating valves 6 and 7 of water outlets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 1, and 2, electric regulating valves 8 and 9 of water outlets 3 and 4, electric regulating valves 10 and 11 of water outlets and 5 are respectively communicated with interlayers of the crystallizer, a steel intermediate layer 21 is arranged between a copper inner layer 13 and a steel outer layer 12 of the water-cooled crystallizer, the steel intermediate layer 21 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer layer 12 through a partition 22, the number of the partition is identical with that of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer, and the water outlets and the partition are arranged at intervals; the middle layer is provided with annular water through holes 23, the number of the annular water through holes is consistent with that of the water outlets of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer, the annular water through holes are arranged at intervals with the partition plates, gaps are formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the inner layer and the middle layer, the gaps between the inner layer and the lower surface of the middle layer are used for water inflow, and the uppermost annular water through holes are the gaps between the inner layer and the upper surface of the middle layer. Cooling water enters between the inner layer and the middle layer from the water inlet 11, and is discharged through the annular water through hole 23 on the middle layer, so that the water cooling effect of the copper inner layer is better. The five water outlets are vertically arranged up and down.
In addition, the electroslag remelting device is provided with a conventional liquid slag pool 16, a metal electrode 17, a bottom water tank 18 and a power supply, wherein a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallizer is arranged on the bottom water tank, and a No. 1 water outlet is externally connected with a liquid flowmeter as shown in fig. 2.
During electroslag remelting, the metal electrode is melted under the Joule heat of the liquid slag pool, and is re-solidified into an electroslag ingot under the cooling of the water-cooling crystallizer, and each water outlet of the water-cooling crystallizer can be regulated to be opened and closed by a regulating valve. Specifically, when electroslag remelting, pre-melted slag is added into a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer of an electroslag furnace, after being electrified, electric arc melting pre-melted slag is formed between the lower end of a metal electrode and a bottom water tank, and then the lower end of the metal electrode is inserted into the liquid slag tank to form a power supply loop, melted into molten drops under the resistance Joule heat of the liquid slag tank, passes through the slag tank and forms an electroslag ingot under the cooling of the water-cooled crystallizer, which is a conventional technology. In the electroslag remelting process, circulating cooling water of the bottom water tank is always in an open mode, a water outlet at the top of the water-cooling crystallizer is always in an open mode, and other water outlets are sequentially opened and closed according to the height of the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool. As an example, in the early stage of electroslag remelting, circulating cooling water of a bottom water tank is always in an open mode, and a water-cooling crystallizer adopts a single-inlet single-outlet cooling mode with a lower water inlet for water inlet, a top water outlet for water outlet and other water outlets closed; along with the continuous rising of the electroslag ingot, when the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 5cm above the first water outlet, the first water outlet and the topmost water outlet are in an open mode, and the other water outlets are in a closed mode; when the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 5cm above the second water outlet, the second water outlet and the water outlet at the top are in an open mode, and the other water outlets are in a closed mode; and by analogy, when the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 5cm above the third water outlet and the fourth water outlet, sequentially and circularly opening the third water outlet and the fourth water outlet and closing the rest water outlets.
The water outlet at the top of the crystallizer ensures that the liquid slag pool and the cylindrical area of the upper part of the metal molten pool are always in a reasonable cooling mode, and the slag shell on the surface of the electroslag ingot is thinned; the thinning of the surface slag shell is beneficial to heat transfer between the formed electroslag ingot and the water-cooling crystallizer. When the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 5cm above the current water outlet, the current water outlet is opened, so that the cooling intensity of the V-shaped area of the lower metal molten pool and the formed electroslag ingot with corresponding heights is obviously increased, the V-shaped area of the metal molten pool is shallower, the local solidification time of the metal molten pool is faster, the secondary dendrite spacing in the electroslag ingot is reduced, the internal structure grains of the electroslag ingot are thinned, and the aim of improving the surface and internal quality of the electroslag ingot is fulfilled.
The electroslag furnace adopted by the invention is an existing commercial product, and only the existing water-cooling crystallizer is replaced by the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallizer provided by the invention, and each electric regulating valve provided with a water outlet is used for controlling the opening and closing; the specific operation method and the test method are all conventional methods in the field, and the water inlet is the warm water. The azimuth relation of the invention is the position relation in actual production.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, the five water outlets are adjusted to nine water outlets which are vertically arranged up and down, and the rest is unchanged. And detecting the cast structure of the electroslag ingot with the corresponding height between two adjacent water outlets after the electroslag ingot is obtained, wherein the secondary dendrite spacing and the structure grain inside the electroslag ingot are fine.
Comparative example one
As shown in fig. 3, five water outlets are adjusted to be one water outlet, and are positioned at the uppermost part, so that the existing single-inlet single-outlet water cooling is realized, and the secondary dendrite spacing and the structure grains of the obtained electroslag ingot are coarse.
Application example one
Referring to FIG. 4, a single-inlet five-outlet water-cooled crystallizer was used, the heights of the water outlets from the bottom of the crystallizer are shown in Table 1, the inner diameter of the lower port of the crystallizer is 64cm, the inner diameter of the upper port of the crystallizer is 56cm, and the height of the upper port of the crystallizer is 190cm. The metal electrode is a cylindrical 40Cr steel continuous casting blank with two ends of which the diameters are 45 cm.
Using CaF 2 ∶CaO∶Al 2 O 3 The pre-melted slag (mass ratio) of 60:20:20 is added into a single-inlet five-outlet water-cooled crystallizer of an electroslag furnace to carry out remelting of metal electrodes, current and voltage in the electroslag remelting process are 12500A and 60V respectively, electrode melting rate is 400kg/h, thickness of a liquid slag pool is 15cm, and argon gas inflow rate of the protective atmosphere electroslag furnace is 30 NL/min. The water flow rate of the No. 1 water outlet is 70 m 3 And/h, the water flow rate when the water outlets 2#, 3#, 4#, 5# are opened is 70 m 3 /h; when the descending height H of the metal electrode is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 28cm, the water inflow rate of the water cooling crystallizer is 70 m 3 /h; when the descending height H of the metal electrode is more than 28cm, the water inflow rate of the water-cooling crystallizer is 140 m 3 /h; the flow rate of the circulating cooling water of the bottom water tank is 25 m 3 And/h. Thickness of liquid slag poolp=（125000/2.6）/（π×32 2 ）=15cm。
In the electroslag remelting process, the height of the electroslag ingot is gradually increased along with the descent of the metal electrode. And (3) calculating according to the formula (1) to obtain the corresponding relation between the electrode descending height and the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface height, wherein the relation is shown in the table 1. The distances from the positions of the water outlets of the crystallizer to the bottom of the crystallizer are shown in table 1. When the height of the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface reaches 5cm above the corresponding water outlet, the corresponding water outlet is in an opening mode, and the corresponding relation between the opening and closing modes of each water outlet of the specific crystallizer and the electrode descending height (the height of the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface) is shown in the table 1.
In electroslag remelting, the bottom water tank and the water outlet 1# at the top of the crystallizer are always in an open mode. When the height of the interface between the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool is lower than or equal to 45cm, the water outlet 1# is in an open mode, and the water outlets 2# and 3# and 4# are in a closed mode; when the height of the interface between the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool is 45-75 cm, the water outlets 5# and 1# are in an open mode, and the water outlets 2# and 3# and 4# are in a closed mode; when the height of the interface between the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool is 75-105 cm, the water outlets 4# and 1# are in an open mode, and the water outlets 2# and 3# and 5# are in a closed mode; when the height of the interface between the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool is 105-135 cm, the water outlets 3# and 1# are in an open mode, and the water outlets 2# and 4# and 5# are in a closed mode; when the height of the interface between the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 135cm, the water outlets 2# and 1# are in an open mode, and the water outlets 3# and 4# and 5# are in a closed mode; demoulding after the electroslag remelting is finished to obtain 4000kg of 40Cr steel with smooth surface, and the electroslag ingot has smooth surface, no defect and good quality, as shown in figure 5.
In order to determine the depth of a metal molten pool in electroslag remelting, 4kg of FeS powder is uniformly added into a slag pool before smelting is finished, and then a sulphur print experiment is adopted to calibrate the shape of the metal molten pool. Longitudinal sectioning is carried out on the diameter of an ingot with the height of 40cm at the upper part of the electroslag ingot, a sulphur print experiment is carried out, the appearance of a molten metal pool obtained by the sulphur print experiment is shown in figure 6, and the depth of the molten metal pool is 195mm.
The center portion of the electroslag ingot 140 cm high was sampled, and the secondary dendrite spacing thereof was observed and measured by a metallographic microscope to be 196. Mu.m. Further, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was observed and measured by a scanning electron microscope to be 0.21. Mu.m, as shown in FIG. 7. The electroslag ingot has good solidification structure.
TABLE 1 opening and closing operations of the various Water outlets with the descending height of the Metal electrode (liquid slag bath-Metal bath interface height)
Comparative application example 1
Based on the first application example, the single-inlet five-outlet water-cooled crystallizer is replaced by the single-cavity water-cooled crystallizer in FIG. 3, and the water flow of the water inlet and the water outlet is 70 m 3 /h, bottom water tankIs 25 m 3 And/h, the rest is unchanged. The same electroslag remelting of 40Cr steel was carried out to obtain an electroslag ingot with a surface of a flat surface as shown in FIG. 8, and with a better quality but worse than the application examples.
The depth of the molten metal pool measured by the sulphur print test was 365mm as shown in FIG. 9; sampling the center part of the electroslag ingot with the height of 140 cm, and observing and measuring the secondary dendrite spacing of 245 mu m by using a metallographic microscope; further, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was observed and measured by a scanning electron microscope and found to be 0.46. Mu.m, as shown in FIG. 10, indicating that the solidification structure of the electroslag ingot was poor.
Comparative application example two
Based on the first application embodiment, the single-inlet five-outlet water-cooled crystallizer is replaced by the single-cavity water-cooled crystallizer in FIG. 3, and the water flow of the water inlet and the water outlet is 140 m 3 Flow rate of circulating cooling water of bottom water tank is 25 m 3 And/h, the rest is unchanged. The same electroslag remelting is carried out on 40Cr steel, and the surface quality of the obtained electroslag ingot is shown in figure 11, and the surface is corrugated and has poor quality.
The molten metal bath depth, as determined by the sulphur print test, was 244mm, as shown in figure 12; sampling the center part of the electroslag ingot with the height of 140 cm, and observing and measuring the secondary dendrite spacing of 214 mu m by using a metallographic microscope; further, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was observed and measured by a scanning electron microscope to be 0.31. Mu.m, as shown in FIG. 13.
Comparative application example III
Based on the first application example, the single-inlet five-outlet water-cooled crystallizer is changed into the single-cavity water-cooled crystallizer in FIG. 3, and the water flow of the water inlet and the water outlet is 100 m 3 Flow rate of circulating cooling water of bottom water tank is 25 m 3 And/h, the rest is unchanged. And carrying out the same electroslag remelting on the 40Cr steel to obtain microscopic waves with macroscopic surface quality of the electroslag ingot. The depth of the molten metal pool measured by the sulphur print experiment was 318mm; sampling the center part of the electroslag ingot with the height of 140 cm, and observing and measuring the secondary dendrite spacing of 231 mu m by using a metallographic microscope; further, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was observed and measured by a scanning electron microscope to be 0.39. Mu.m. Indicating itThe coagulated tissue was not as good as comparative application example two, but rather less than application example one.
The comparative examples demonstrate the superiority of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallization refinement electroslag ingot tissue grain size.
The invention adopts single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallization, and can simultaneously obtain electroslag ingots with smooth surfaces and excellent internal quality. Furthermore, the invention adopts single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallization, so that the liquid slag pool and the upper part of the metal molten pool are in a reasonable cooling mode, the lower part of the metal molten pool and the formed electroslag ingot are in a strong water-cooling mode, and meanwhile, the structure grains of the electroslag ingot are refined and the surface quality is improved. This has important practical production significance for producing large forgings.
As shown in figure 3, when the cooling intensity of the water-cooling crystallizer is too small, the solidification rate of a metal molten pool is slowed down, a large amount of segregation inclusions, coarse structural grains are generated, and the internal quality of an electroslag ingot is seriously affected; when the cooling strength of the water-cooling crystallizer is too high, the problems of thick slag shell on the surface of the electroslag ingot, poor surface quality and the like are caused; because solidified slag shells exist between the liquid slag pool and the wall of the crystallizer, the solidified slag shells above the liquid slag pool cannot be melted in the rising process of a metal molten pool, which is one of the causes of thickening of the slag shells on the surface of the electroslag ingot and the corrugated surface, and meanwhile, the slag shells on the surface of the electroslag ingot are related to the V-shaped area of the lower metal molten pool and the heat transfer between the formed electroslag ingot and the wall of the crystallizer, so that the internal quality is influenced; even if a water outlet is symmetrically arranged on the same horizontal plane on the basis of the existing water-cooling crystallizer as shown in fig. 14, the electroslag remelting effect is almost the same as that of fig. 3; specifically, the water flow rate of the water inlet is 140 m 3 Water flow rate of water outlet is 70 m 3 /h+70 m 3 Flow rate of circulating cooling water of bottom water tank is 25 m 3 Carrying out the same electroslag remelting on 40Cr steel with the rest unchanged, and obtaining the surface quality of the electroslag ingot which is almost equal to that of the comparative application example II, wherein the depth of a metal molten pool measured by a sulphur printing experiment is 240mm; sampling the center part of the electroslag ingot with the height of 140 cm, and observing and measuring the secondary dendrite spacing of 213 mu m by using a metallographic microscope; further, the pearlite sheet was observed and measured by a scanning electron microscope The interlayer spacing was 0.30. Mu.m.
The dynamic process of electroslag remelting is complex, and relates to heat transfer and dynamic change of solidification of an electroslag ingot, so that the prior art cannot meet the requirements of the large-scale electroslag ingot and high-performance product.
Application example II
On the basis of the first application embodiment, when the height of the liquid slag bath-metal molten bath interface reaches 4cm above the corresponding water outlet, the corresponding water outlet is in an opening and closing mode, and the rest is the same, so that the electroslag ingot of the 40Cr steel is obtained. The depth of the molten metal pool measured by a sulphur print experiment is 195mm; sampling the center part of the electroslag ingot with the height of 140 cm, and observing and measuring the secondary dendrite spacing of 197 mu m by using a metallographic microscope; further, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was observed and measured by a scanning electron microscope to be 0.21 μm, and the solidification structure was not much different from that of the application example. However, the surface smoothness of the obtained electroslag ingot is reduced, and the surface quality of the electroslag ingot is inferior to that of the application example, but is superior to that of the comparison application.
Application example III
On the basis of the first application embodiment, when the height of the liquid slag bath-metal molten pool interface reaches 6cm above the corresponding water outlet, the corresponding water outlet is in an opening and closing mode, and the rest of the water outlets are the same, so that 40Cr steel with smooth surface is obtained, and the electroslag ingot has smooth surface and good quality; the depth of the molten metal pool measured by the sulphur print experiment is 205mm; sampling the center part of the electroslag ingot with the height of 140 cm, and observing and measuring the secondary dendrite spacing of 203 mu m by using a metallographic microscope; further, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was observed and measured by a scanning electron microscope to be 0.24. Mu.m. The coagulated tissue was inferior to the application example and superior to the comparative application.
Application example IV
On the basis of the first application embodiment, when the height of the liquid slag bath-metal molten bath interface reaches 2cm above the corresponding water outlet, the corresponding water outlet is in an opening and closing mode, and the rest is the same, so that the electroslag ingot of the 40Cr steel is obtained. The surface smoothness of the electroslag ingot is reduced, and the surface quality of the electroslag ingot is obviously poorer than that of the comparative application example, and the electroslag ingot is not consistent with the simultaneous refinement of the electroslag ingot tissue grains and the improvement of the surface quality.
Application example five
On the basis of the first application embodiment, when the height of the liquid slag bath-metal molten bath interface reaches 8cm above the corresponding water outlet, the corresponding water outlet is in an opening and closing mode, and the rest is the same, so that the electroslag ingot of the 40Cr steel is obtained. The depth of the molten metal pool measured by a sulphur print experiment is 220mm; sampling the center part of the electroslag ingot with the height of 140 cm, and observing and measuring the secondary dendrite spacing of 210 mu m by using a metallographic microscope; further, the lamellar spacing of pearlite is 0.28 μm, which is not consistent with the simultaneous refinement of electroslag ingot structure grains and improvement of surface quality, as observed and measured by a scanning electron microscope.
Application example six
When the metal electrode is a round bar with a certain taper, the upper circle diameter is 47cm, the lower circle diameter is 43cm, and the length is 330cm, the liquid slag pool-metal molten pool interface height is calculated through the electrode descending height according to the formula (2), and the corresponding relation between the opening and closing modes of each water outlet of a specific crystallizer and the electrode descending height (liquid slag pool-metal molten pool interface height) is shown in the table 2 by adopting the water outlet control method of an application embodiment. The obtained electroslag ingot has smooth surface, no defect and good quality; the depth of the molten metal pool measured by a sulphur print experiment is 195mm; sampling the center part of the electroslag ingot with the height of 140 cm, and observing and measuring the secondary dendrite spacing of 197 mu m by using a metallographic microscope; further, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was observed and measured by a scanning electron microscope to be 0.22. Mu.m.
TABLE 2 opening and closing operations of the respective water outlets with the lowering height of the metal electrode (liquid slag bath-metal bath interface height)
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Application example seven
When the metal electrode is a round bar with a certain taper, the upper circle diameter is 43cm, the lower circle diameter is 47cm, and the length is 330cm, the liquid slag pool-metal molten pool interface height is calculated through the electrode descending height according to the formula (3), and the corresponding relation between the opening and closing modes of each water outlet of a specific crystallizer and the electrode descending height (liquid slag pool-metal molten pool interface height) is shown in the table 3 by adopting the water outlet control method of an application embodiment. The obtained electroslag ingot has smooth surface, no defect and good quality; the depth of the molten metal pool measured by a sulphur print experiment is 194mm; sampling the center part of the electroslag ingot with the height of 140 cm, and observing and measuring the secondary dendrite spacing of 196 mu m by using a metallographic microscope; further, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was observed and measured by a scanning electron microscope and found to be 0.21. Mu.m.
TABLE 3 opening and closing operations of the various Water outlets with the descending height of the Metal electrode (liquid slag bath-Metal bath interface height)
Application example eight
The separator is omitted on the basis of the first embodiment, namely, the steel intermediate layer is not arranged as shown in fig. 15, and according to the method of the first application embodiment, the electroslag ingot is smooth in surface, free of defects and good in quality; the depth of the molten metal pool measured by a sulphur print experiment is 201mm; sampling the center part of the electroslag ingot with the height of 140 cm, and observing and measuring the secondary dendrite spacing of 203 mu m by using a metallographic microscope; further, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was observed and measured by a scanning electron microscope to be 0.23. Mu.m.
According to the description, the invention develops a novel electroslag remelting technology of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooling crystallizer. In electroslag remelting, as the electroslag ingot is continuously lifted, when the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool reaches 4-6 cm above the first water outlet, the first water outlet and the topmost water outlet of the crystallizer are opened, and the rest water outlets are all in a closed mode. This water outlet mode makes the flow rate of cooling water in the upper crystallizer higher than the first water outlet in a reasonable mode, and the flow rate of cooling water in the lower crystallizer lower than the first water outlet is significantly increased: namely, the liquid slag bath higher than the first water outlet and the upper metal molten pool cylindrical area are in a reasonable cooling mode, and the cooling strength of the lower metal molten pool V-shaped area lower than the first water outlet and the formed electroslag ingot is obviously increased. The liquid slag pool and the upper metal molten pool cylindrical area are formed areas of slag shells on the surfaces of electroslag ingots, and a reasonable cooling mode enables the surfaces of the electroslag ingots to obtain good surface quality; the V-shaped area of the lower metal molten pool is a solidification area of the metal molten pool, and the cooling intensity of the V-shaped area of the metal molten pool is increased to enable the solidification rate of the metal molten pool to be fast, so that the center segregation of an electroslag ingot is reduced, and the grains of the structure are refined.
In conclusion, on the premise of ensuring the thin and smooth slag shell on the surface of the electroslag ingot, the solidification speed of the metal molten pool is improved, solidification segregation and grain refinement can be improved, the effect of fine grain strengthening can be achieved on a forging product, and the mechanical property of the product is improved. Fine grain strengthening is an effective way to improve both the toughness and strength of steel. One of the methods for strengthening fine grains, i.e., refining the structure grains, is to increase the solidification rate of molten steel. Therefore, not only can the crystal grains be refined by increasing the solidification rate, but also large-sized inclusions such as TiN, mnS, alN generated by solidification segregation can be reduced, and a good solidification structure can be obtained. In particular, the invention discloses the change relation between the descending height of the metal electrode and the height of the interface between the liquid slag bath and the metal molten pool for the first time, and the actual production verifies that the method has obvious technical progress and provides feasibility guarantee for industrial production.
Claims (10)
1. The method for electroslag remelting by using the electroslag remelting device of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer is characterized in that the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer comprises a lower water inlet and a plurality of water outlets; a plurality of water outlets are arranged up and down along the height of the crystallizer; the electroslag remelting comprises the following steps of: the water cooling crystallizer starts the water inlet and the uppermost water outlet, starts electroslag remelting, and continues to start until the electroslag remelting is finished; when the interface between the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool in the crystallizer reaches the upper part of the water outlet, the water outlet is opened, and the rest water outlets are closed until the electroslag remelting is completed.
2. The method for electroslag remelting by using an electroslag remelting device of a single-inlet multiple-outlet water-cooled crystallizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water outlet is provided with an electric regulating valve; a water outlet at the top of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer is provided with a liquid flowmeter; the number of the water outlets is 2-15, and the water outlets are positioned above the water inlet.
3. The method for electroslag remelting by using an electroslag remelting device of a single-inlet multiple-outlet water-cooled crystallizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the lowest water outlet among the plurality of water outlets and the bottom surface of the crystallizer is more than 20 cm; the distance between the uppermost water outlet and the water outlet adjacent to the uppermost water outlet in the plurality of water outlets is more than 25 cm; among the plurality of water outlets, the water outlet between the lowest water outlet and the water outlet adjacent to the highest water outlet is uniformly distributed.
4. The method for electroslag remelting by using an electroslag remelting device of a single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein an intermediate layer is arranged between the outer layer and the inner layer of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer, and is arranged on the inner wall of the outer layer through a partition plate; the middle layer is provided with an annular water through hole.
5. The method for electroslag remelting by using an electroslag remelting device of a single-inlet multiple-outlet water-cooled crystallizer as set forth in claim 4, wherein the number of the partition plates is identical to that of the water outlets of the single-inlet multiple-outlet water-cooled crystallizer, and the water outlets are arranged at intervals with the partition plates; the number of the annular water through holes is consistent with that of the water outlets of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer, and the annular water through holes are arranged at intervals with the partition plates.
6. The method for electroslag remelting by using an electroslag remelting device of a single-inlet multiple-outlet water-cooled crystallizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein a bottom water tank in the electroslag remelting device is always opened for water cooling; when the interface between the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool in the crystallizer reaches 4-6 cm above the water outlet, the water outlet is opened.
7. The method for electroslag remelting by using an electroslag remelting device of a single-inlet multiple-outlet water-cooled crystallizer as set forth in claim 1, wherein when the metal electrode is cylindrical, the metal electrode touches the bottom of the crystallizer to be a zero point, and the change relation between the descending height of the metal electrode and the height of the interface of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool is as follows:
wherein the radius of the metal electrode isaThe radius of the round mouth on the crystallizer isrThe radius of the lower round mouth of the crystallizer is RThe height of the crystallizer isLThe height of the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface isHThe descending height of the metal electrode ishThe thickness of the liquid slag pool isp；
When the metal electrode is a round bar with a certain taper and the diameter of the upper circle is larger than that of the lower circle, the metal electrode touches the bottom of the crystallizer to be a zero point, and the change relation between the descending height of the metal electrode and the interface height of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool is as follows:
wherein the metal electrode has a small radius of a circleaRadius of great circle isAThe length of the metal electrode isnThe radius of the round mouth on the crystallizer isrThe radius of the lower round mouth of the crystallizer isRThe height of the crystallizer isLThe height of the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface isHThe descending height of the metal electrode ishThe thickness of the liquid slag pool isp；
When the metal electrode is a round bar with a certain taper and the diameter of the upper circle is smaller than that of the lower circle, the metal electrode touches the bottom of the crystallizer to be a zero point, and the change relation between the descending height of the metal electrode and the interface height of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool is as follows:
wherein the metal electrode has a small radius of a circleaRadius of great circle isAThe length of the metal electrode isnThe radius of the round mouth on the crystallizer isrThe radius of the lower round mouth of the crystallizer isRThe height of the crystallizer isLThe height of the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface is HThe descending height of the metal electrode ishThe thickness of the liquid slag pool isp。
8. The calculation method of the liquid slag bath-metal molten pool interface height is characterized in that when the metal electrode is a cylinder, the metal electrode touches the bottom of the crystallizer to be a zero point, and the change relation between the descending height of the metal electrode and the liquid slag bath-metal molten pool interface height is as follows:
wherein the radius of the metal electrode isaThe radius of the round mouth on the crystallizer isrThe radius of the lower round mouth of the crystallizer isRThe height of the crystallizer isLThe height of the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface isHThe descending height of the metal electrode ishThe thickness of the liquid slag pool isp；
When the metal electrode is a round bar with a certain taper and the diameter of the upper circle is larger than that of the lower circle, the metal electrode touches the bottom of the crystallizer to be a zero point, and the change relation between the descending height of the metal electrode and the interface height of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool is as follows:
wherein the metal electrode has a small radius of a circleaRadius of great circle isAThe length of the metal electrode isnThe radius of the round mouth on the crystallizer isrThe radius of the lower round mouth of the crystallizer isRThe height of the crystallizer isLThe height of the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface isHMetal electricThe extremely descending height ishThe thickness of the liquid slag pool is p；
When the metal electrode is a round bar with a certain taper and the diameter of the upper circle is smaller than that of the lower circle, the metal electrode touches the bottom of the crystallizer to be a zero point, and the change relation between the descending height of the metal electrode and the interface height of the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool is as follows:
wherein the metal electrode has a small radius of a circleaRadius of great circle isAThe length of the metal electrode isnThe radius of the round mouth on the crystallizer isrThe radius of the lower round mouth of the crystallizer isRThe height of the crystallizer isLThe height of the liquid slag bath-metal bath interface isHThe descending height of the metal electrode ishThe thickness of the liquid slag pool isp。
9. The application of the electroslag remelting device of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer in electroslag remelting is characterized in that the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer comprises a lower water inlet and a plurality of water outlets; the water outlets are arranged up and down along the height of the crystallizer.
10. The application of the electroslag remelting device of the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer in improving the surface and internal quality of an electroslag remelting ingot simultaneously is characterized in that the single-inlet multi-outlet water-cooled crystallizer comprises a lower water inlet and a plurality of water outlets; the water outlets are arranged up and down along the height of the crystallizer.
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| CN108372286A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-07 | 东北大学 | A kind of electroslag remelting process prepares the device and method of bimetallic composite roll |
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