CN114412357B - Drilling device - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosure provides a drilling device, and relates to the technical field of drilling. The drilling device comprises a base, a casing head shaft, a drill rod, a casing, a first driving assembly and a second driving assembly, wherein the base is provided with a first end and a second end; the casing head shaft is provided with a bottom end part and a top end part, the top end part extends into the first end and is connected with the first end, and the bottom end part extends to one side of the first end far away from the second end; one end of the drill rod head shaft extends into the top end part and is connected with the top end part through an inner bearing, the other end extends out of the second end, and the drill rod head shaft is connected with the second end; the drill rod is connected with a drill rod head shaft; the sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the drill rod, and one end of the sleeve extends into the bottom end part and is connected with the bottom end part; the first driving assembly is connected with the casing head shaft and used for driving the casing head shaft to rotate; the second driving component is connected with the drill rod head shaft and used for driving the drill rod head shaft to rotate. The drilling device can prolong the service life of the inner bearing and reduce the structural volume.

Description

Drilling device

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of drilling, in particular to a drilling device.

Background

Drilling equipment is one of the important tools for petroleum drilling work, and a double-rod directional drilling system is generally adopted for drilling in order to improve the drilling efficiency. The existing double-rod directional drilling system mainly comprises a drill rod and a sleeve, wherein the sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the drill rod, drilling is achieved through rotation of the drill rod, and reaming is achieved through rotation of the sleeve. In the assembly process, in order to enable the casing and the drill rod to be driven independently, the double-rod directional drilling system further comprises a casing head shaft coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the casing and a drill rod head shaft coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the drill rod, wherein the casing head shaft is connected with the base through two bearings, the casing head shaft is of a hollow structure, and a drill rod head shaft part is accommodated in the hollow structure of the casing head shaft and is connected with the casing head shaft in a rotating mode through the two bearings.

However, because the arrangement space of the intermediate clearance between the casing head shaft and the drill rod head shaft is limited, the two bearings supporting the drill rod head shaft are difficult to select large-size bearings, but the drill rod bit bears the drilling and turning tasks during drilling of the drilling machine, so that the axial force and the torsion moment borne by the drill rod head shaft are larger, and the bearings with small sizes are easy to damage and have shorter service life.

It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancing understanding of the background of the present disclosure and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the present disclosure is to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art, and provide a drilling device, which can prolong the service life of an inner bearing and reduce the structural volume.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a drilling apparatus comprising:

A base having a first end and a second end therethrough;

the casing head shaft is provided with a through bottom end part and a top end part, the top end part stretches into the first end and is connected with the first end through a first outer bearing, and the bottom end part extends to one side, away from the second end, of the first end;

one end of the drill rod head shaft extends into the top end part and is connected with the top end part through an inner bearing, the other end of the drill rod head shaft extends out of the second end along the axial direction, and the drill rod head shaft is connected with the second end through a second outer bearing;

The drill rod is fixedly connected with the drill rod head shaft;

The sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the drill rod, and one end of the sleeve extends into the bottom end part and is fixedly connected with the bottom end part;

The first driving assembly is connected with the casing head shaft and used for driving the casing head shaft to rotate so as to drive the casing to rotate;

and the second driving assembly is connected with the drill rod head shaft and is used for driving the drill rod head shaft to rotate so as to drive the drill rod to rotate.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the drill pipe includes:

The power shaft is connected with the drill rod head shaft;

the drill bit is connected to one side, far away from the drill rod head shaft, of the power shaft, and the extending direction of the drill bit and the axial direction of the power shaft form a preset included angle.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preset included angle includes 0.5 ° to 5 °.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the power shaft is of unitary construction with the drill bit.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the drilling apparatus further includes:

And the brake is arranged in the second driving assembly and used for locking the extending direction of the drill rod.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the drill rod is detachably connected to the drill head shaft.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the cannula is removably coupled to the cannula head shaft.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first driving assembly includes:

a first drive motor for providing rotational power to the casing head shaft;

The first speed reducing mechanism is connected with the first driving motor and used for reducing the speed and increasing the torque of the rotation output of the first driving motor;

And one end of the first transmission mechanism is connected with the first speed reducing mechanism, and the other end of the first transmission mechanism is connected with the top end part of the casing head shaft and is used for driving the casing head shaft to rotate.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the second driving assembly includes:

a second drive motor for providing rotational power to the drill head shaft;

the second speed reducing mechanism is connected with the second driving motor and is used for reducing the speed and increasing the torque of the rotation output of the second driving motor;

And one end of the second transmission mechanism is connected with the second speed reducing mechanism, and the other end of the second transmission mechanism is connected with the drill rod head shaft and is used for driving the drill rod head shaft to rotate.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the brake is provided inside the second reduction mechanism.

The drilling device disclosed by the disclosure can generate a first axial force transmitted by the drill rod backwards and a second axial force transmitted by the sleeve backwards when the drill rod drills, and the first axial force is larger than the second axial force because the drill rod bears larger drilling force. In the process, as the drill rod is fixedly connected with the drill rod head shaft, the drill rod head shaft is connected with the base through the second outer bearing, so that the first axial force directly acts on the second outer bearing; meanwhile, as the sleeve is fixedly connected with the sleeve head shaft, the sleeve head shaft is connected with the base through the first outer bearing, so that the second axial force directly acts on the first outer bearing; in addition, because sleeve pipe and casing head axle fixed connection, casing head axle pass through inner bearing and drilling rod head axle connection for second axial force directly acts on the inner bearing, because second axial force is less than first axial force, the interior axle atress that sets up between casing head axle and the drilling rod head axle is less, can prolong the life of inner bearing, perhaps can select for use less bearing under the same design life condition, and then reduces overall structure volume.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are merely examples of the disclosure and that other drawings may be derived from them without undue effort.

Fig. 1 is a front view of a drilling apparatus in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the components of a drilling apparatus in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a casing head shaft and a drill rod head shaft in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a first drive assembly and a second drive assembly in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In the figure: 1. a base; 11. a first end; 12. a second end; 2. a casing head shaft; 21. a bottom end portion; 22. a distal end portion; 3. a drill rod head shaft; 4. a drill rod; 41. a power shaft; 42. a drill bit; 5. a sleeve; 6. a first drive assembly; 61. a first drive motor; 62. a first reduction mechanism; 63. a first transmission mechanism; 64. a first angle sensor; 7. a second drive assembly; 71. a second drive motor; 72. a second reduction mechanism; 73. a second transmission mechanism; 74. a second angle sensor; 100. a first outer bearing; 200. a second outer bearing; 300. a first inner bearing; 400. and a second inner bearing.

Detailed Description

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.

Although relative terms such as "upper" and "lower" are used in this specification to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another component, these terms are used in this specification for convenience only, such as in terms of the orientation of the examples described in the figures. It will be appreciated that if the device of the icon is flipped upside down, the recited "up" component will become the "down" component. When a structure is "on" another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed with the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" disposed on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" disposed on the other structure through another structure.

The terms "a," "an," "the," and "said" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements/components/etc.; the terms "comprising" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements/components/etc. in addition to the listed elements/components/etc. The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used merely as labels, and do not limit the number of objects.

In the related art, a drilling device includes a dual directional drilling system, which generally includes a plurality of sub-drill pipes and a plurality of sub-casings, wherein the plurality of sub-drill pipes are connected end to form a drill pipe, the plurality of sub-casings are connected end to form a casing, and the casing can be coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the drill pipe to form a drill string. During the drilling process, the drill rod mainly bears the drilling task, and the sleeve mainly bears the reaming task.

Dual rod directional drilling systems typically include a drill rod drive assembly and a casing drive assembly that are independent of each other, wherein: the drill rod driving assembly is connected with the sub drill rod positioned at the tail end and used for driving the drill rod to drill; the sleeve driving assembly is connected with the sub sleeve at the tail end and is used for driving the sleeve to rotate. For example, the casing drive assembly may transmit power to the casing through a primary gear, the drill pipe drive assembly may transmit power directly to the drill pipe, or power may be transmitted to the drill pipe through a gear.

In order to realize independent driving of the casing and the drill rod, the double-rod directional drilling system further comprises a casing head shaft and a drill pipe head shaft, wherein the casing head shaft is of a hollow design, and one end part of the drill pipe head shaft extends into the casing head shaft. During assembly, the sleeve head shaft is connected with the base through two tapered roller bearings which are symmetrically arranged, so that axial and radial movement between the sleeve head shaft and the base is limited, and the drill head shaft is connected with the sleeve head shaft through two tapered roller bearings which are symmetrically arranged, so that axial and radial movement between the drill head shaft and the sleeve head shaft is limited. On the one hand, because the clearance between the casing head shaft and the drill rod head shaft is smaller, the arrangement space of the bearings is limited, and the two bearings supporting the drill rod head shaft are difficult to select large-size bearings, but the drill rod bears drilling and turning tasks in the drilling process of the drilling machine, and the casing only bears reaming tasks, so that the axial force and torsion moment borne by the drill rod head shaft are larger, and the bearings with small sizes often cannot meet the design and use time and are easy to damage. On the other hand, the key loads that cause bearing wear between the casing head shaft and the drill rod head shaft are two axial forces, namely: the axial force transmitted backwards through the drill pipe (hereinafter referred to as "first reference axial force") and the axial force transmitted backwards through the casing (hereinafter referred to as "second reference axial force") are typically greater due to the drill force experienced by the drill pipe and thus greater than the second reference axial force.

The first reference axial force will be exerted entirely on the tapered roller bearing between the casing head shaft and the drill head shaft via the drill head shaft (hereinafter referred to as "first force bearing"), while the first reference axial force will be transmitted to the tapered roller bearing between the casing head shaft and the base via the casing head shaft (hereinafter referred to as "second force bearing"); the second reference axial force will also be exerted entirely on the second force bearing, such that the second force bearing will be subjected to the highest axial force of the sum of the first reference axial force and the second reference axial force, and the first force bearing will be subjected to the larger first reference axial force. In addition, consider that the casing remains rotating under both straight hole drilling and direction changing conditions, namely: the second stress bearing bears the maximum axial force under various working conditions in a motion state. And unless the casing and the drill rod adopt the identical rotation speed in the same direction to drill, the casing and the drill rod can also rotate relatively under two working conditions, and at the moment, the first stress bearing can bear larger first reference axial force under the motion state. Unlike spindle bearings of general machining equipment such as lathes, milling machines and the like, due to the complexity of the geological structure, the first reference axial force of the drilling machine has larger fluctuation in the underground drilling process, even if the condition that the first reference axial force suddenly increases under special conditions is considered in the design stage, the condition that the first reference axial force exceeds the maximum value considered in the design stage still often occurs in the actual production process, which leads to the fact that the two bearings bearing the first reference axial force and the second reference axial force are more easily damaged and fail in the actual use.

The disclosed embodiments provide a drilling apparatus, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, which may include a base 1, a casing head shaft 2, a drill head shaft 3, a drill pipe 4, a casing 5, a first drive assembly 6, and a second drive assembly 7, wherein:

the base 1 has a first end 11 and a second end 12 therethrough;

the casing head shaft 2 has a bottom end 21 and a top end 22 which are penetrated, the top end 22 extends into the first end 11 and is connected with the first end 11 through a first outer bearing 100, and the bottom end 21 is positioned outside the second end 12;

One end of the drill rod head shaft 3 extends into the top end part 22 and is connected with the top end part 22 through an inner bearing, and the other end extends out of the second end 12 along the axial direction and is connected with the second end 12 through a second outer bearing 200;

the drill rod 4 is fixedly connected with the drill rod head shaft 3;

The sleeve 5 is coaxially sleeved outside the drill rod 4, and one end of the sleeve extends into the bottom end part 21 and is fixedly connected with the bottom end part 21;

the first driving component 6 is connected with the casing head shaft 2 and is used for driving the casing head shaft 2 to rotate so as to drive the casing 5 to rotate;

The second driving component 7 is connected with the drill rod head shaft 3 and is used for driving the drill rod head shaft 3 to rotate so as to drive the drill rod 4 to rotate.

The drilling device of the present disclosure will generate a first axial force transmitted backwards by the drill rod 4 and a second axial force transmitted backwards by the casing 5 when the drill rod 4 drills, the first axial force being greater than the second axial force due to the drill rod 4 being subjected to a greater drilling force. In this process, since the drill rod 4 is fixedly connected with the drill rod head shaft 3, the drill rod head shaft 3 is connected with the base 1 through the second outer bearing 200, so that the first axial force directly acts on the second outer bearing 200; meanwhile, as the sleeve 5 is fixedly connected with the sleeve head shaft 2, the sleeve head shaft 2 is connected with the base 1 through the first outer bearing 100, so that the second axial force directly acts on the first outer bearing 100; in addition, because sleeve 5 and casing head axle 2 fixed connection, casing head axle 2 passes through the inner bearing and is connected with drilling rod head axle 3 for second axial force directly acts on the inner bearing, because second axial force is less than first axial force, the interior axle power that sets up between casing head axle 2 and the drilling rod head axle 3 is less, can prolong the life of inner bearing, perhaps can select for use less bearing under the same design life condition, and then reduces overall structure volume.

The following describes in detail the various parts of the drilling apparatus according to embodiments of the present disclosure:

The base 1 may be a box body with two ends penetrating, one end is a first end 11, and the other end is a second end 12. The cross section of the base 1 may be circular, but may be elliptical, rectangular, etc., and is not particularly limited herein. The base 1 may be made of a material such as a metal or an alloy, and the material of the base 1 is not particularly limited.

As shown in fig. 3, the casing head shaft 2 may have a tubular structure with both ends penetrating, for example, it may have a circular cylinder. The casing head shaft 2 may have a bottom end 21 and a top end 22 at one end and the bottom and top ends 21, 22 may be penetrated by a channel, which in one embodiment may be circular in cross-section.

Tip 22 of casing head shaft 2 may extend into first end 11 of base 1 along a side of first end 11 of base 1 remote from second end 12 thereof, and may be rotatably coupled to an inner wall of base 1, thereby supporting casing head shaft 2 via base 1, and bottom 21 of casing head shaft 2 may extend toward a side of first end 11 remote from second end 12. For example, tip portion 22 of casing head shaft 2 may be coupled to an inner wall of base 1 via first outer bearing 100, and first outer bearing 100 may bear forward axial loads of casing head shaft 2. Namely: the first outer bearing 100 can be sleeved on the periphery of the casing head shaft 2 and is in contact connection with the inner wall of the base 1, and the casing head shaft 2 can rotate relative to the base 1 but cannot axially move relative to the base 1 through the cooperation of a shaft shoulder arranged on the casing head shaft 2 and the first outer bearing 100.

The drill rod head shaft 3 may be a cylindrical structure with both ends penetrating, for example, it may be a circular cylinder. One end of bit shaft 3 may extend into tip end 22 of casing head shaft 2 and may be rotatably coupled to tip end 22 of casing head shaft 2, and the other end may extend axially beyond second end 12. For example, it may be connected to the inner wall of the tip portion 22 of the casing head shaft 2 by an inner bearing, namely: the inner bearing can be sleeved on the periphery of the drill bit head shaft 3 and is in contact connection with the inner wall of the casing head shaft 2. Specifically, there may be a plurality of inner bearings, which may be spaced apart at the gap between the drill rod head shaft 3 and the casing head shaft 2, for example, there may be two inner bearings, which may be a first inner bearing 300 and a second inner bearing 400, respectively, each of the first inner bearing 300 and the second inner bearing 400 may be disposed at a portion where the drill rod head shaft 3 and the casing head shaft 2 overlap each other, and the second inner bearing 400 may bear the axial load of the drill rod head shaft 3 rearward. The first inner bearing 300 and the second inner bearing 400 can separate the drill rod head shaft 3 from the casing head shaft 2, and can enable the drill rod head shaft 3 and the casing head shaft 2 to rotate relatively, and meanwhile, the drill rod head shaft 3 and the casing head shaft 2 can not move relatively along the axial direction through the cooperation of the shoulder arranged on the drill rod head shaft 3 and the inner bearing.

The part of the drill rod head shaft 3 extending out of the sleeve head shaft 2 can be rotatably connected with the second end 12 of the base 1, so that the drill rod head shaft 3 is supported by the base 1. For example, the outer periphery of the portion of the drill rod head shaft 3 extending out of the casing head shaft 2 is provided with a second outer bearing 200, the drill rod head shaft 3 can be rotatably connected with the base 1 through the second outer bearing 200, and the drill rod head shaft 3 can rotate relative to the base 1 but cannot axially move relative to the base 1 through cooperation of a shoulder provided on the drill rod head shaft 3 and the second outer bearing 200.

It should be noted that in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the rated load of the first outer bearing 100 is greater than the rated load of the first inner bearing 300 and the second inner bearing 400, and the rated load of the second outer bearing 200 is also greater than the rated load of the first inner bearing 300 and the second inner bearing 400.

The drill rod 4 can be fixedly connected with the drill rod head shaft 3, and the drill rod 4 can be driven to synchronously rotate through the drill rod head shaft 3. For example, the drill rod 4 may be screwed to the drill rod head shaft 3, the drill rod 4 may be riveted to the drill rod head shaft 3, or the drill rod 4 may be welded to the drill rod head shaft 3, or the drill rod 4 may be connected to the drill rod head shaft 3 by other means, which is not particularly limited herein.

Preferably, the drill rod 4 can be detachably connected with the drill rod head shaft 3, for example, the drill rod 4 and the drill rod head shaft 3 can be connected through threads by using bolts, and the drill rod 4 can be conveniently detached when being replaced, so that the efficiency of detaching or replacing the drill rod 4 is improved, and the time cost and the labor cost in the using process of the drilling machine are reduced.

The drill rod 4 may have a rod shape, and the cross section thereof may be circular or elliptical, but may have a rod-like structure having other cross-sectional shapes, which is not particularly limited herein. It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the drill rod 4 may be the same as the cross-sectional shape of the drill rod head shaft 3, so that the drill rod 4 is matched with the drill rod head shaft 3.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the drill rod 4 may include a power shaft 41 and a drill bit 42, wherein:

The power shaft 41 can be fixedly connected with the drill rod head shaft 3, for example, the power shaft 41 and the drill rod head shaft 3 can be detachably connected through bolts, so that the power shaft 41 can be conveniently detached when the power shaft 41 is replaced, the efficiency of detaching or replacing the power shaft 41 is improved, and the time cost and the labor cost in the using process of the drilling machine are reduced.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, power shaft 41 may include a plurality of sub-shafts that may be connected end to form a long axis. The extreme sub-shaft of each sub-shaft may be connected to the drill rod head shaft 3, and the other sub-shafts may be located on the same side of the extreme sub-shaft and each extend to a side remote from the drill rod head shaft 3. The number of sub-shafts may be increased incrementally during drilling in response to an increase in drilling depth. For example, the number of the sub-shafts may be 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, but of course, other numbers are also possible, and the number is not limited herein.

The plurality of sub-shafts may be connected to each other by screw connection or by riveting or welding, and the connection method between the sub-shafts is not particularly limited. Preferably, the sub-shafts are detachably connected, for example, the sub-shafts can be connected through screw threads by bolts, so that the sub-shafts can be conveniently added or detached, and further the working efficiency is improved.

The drill bit 42 may be rod-shaped, bar-shaped or bar-shaped, and may be located at an end of the power shaft 41 remote from the drill head shaft 3, and may be fixedly connected to the power shaft 41. For example, it may be of unitary construction with the power shaft 41 to prevent loosening between the drill bit 42 and the power shaft 41 during drilling. Specifically, the drill bit 42 may be fixedly connected to the end of the sub-shaft of the power shaft 41 that is farthest from the club head shaft 3, for example, it may be integrally formed with the sub-shaft of the power shaft 41 that is farthest from the club head shaft 3, so as to prevent loosening between the drill bit 42 and the sub-shaft during drilling, and of course, the drill bit 42 may also be detachably connected to the sub-shaft, and the connection manner of the drill bit 42 and the power shaft 41 is not limited specifically.

In use, the bore motor driving the drill bit 42 is provided on the extreme sub-shaft, the bore motor being driven by the high pressure water provided in the power shaft 41, thereby forming the power for drilling into the ground.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the extending direction of the drill 42 may form a preset angle with the axial direction of the power shaft 41, and thus when the power shaft 41 rotates along the axis, the direction of drilling may be changed by the drill 42, thereby achieving directional drilling.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preset included angle may be 0.5 ° to 5 °, for example, it may be 0.5 °,1 °,2 °,3 °,4 °, or 5 °, and of course, other angles may be set according to the drilling direction, which is not listed here.

The casing 5 may be cylindrical and may be coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the drill rod 4 for reaming during drilling of the drill rod 4. One end of the sleeve 5 can extend into the bottom end part 21 of the sleeve head shaft 2 and is fixedly connected with the bottom end part 21 of the sleeve head shaft 2, and then the sleeve 5 is driven to synchronously rotate through the sleeve head shaft 2. For example, sleeve 5 may be screwed to sleeve head shaft 2, sleeve 5 may be riveted to sleeve head shaft 2, sleeve 5 may be welded to sleeve head shaft 2, and sleeve 5 may be connected to sleeve head shaft 2 by other means, and the connection manner of sleeve 5 to sleeve head shaft 2 is not particularly limited.

Preferably, the sleeve 5 is detachably connected with the sleeve head shaft 2, for example, the sleeve 5 and the sleeve head shaft 2 can be connected through threads by a bolt, and the sleeve 5 can be conveniently detached when being replaced, so that the efficiency of detaching or replacing the sleeve 5 is improved, and the time cost and the labor cost in the using process of the drilling machine are further reduced.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the casing 5 may comprise a plurality of sub-casings, which may be axially connected end-to-end, and each sub-casing may be interconnected, and each sub-casing may be detachably connected to each other, so that during drilling, the casing 5 connected to the casing head shaft 2 may be continuously disconnected and new sub-casings may be added to increase the overall length of the casing 5 so that the drilling machine may continuously drill into the earth. In addition, when the sub-sleeve is damaged due to abrasion of the connecting position of the sub-sleeve, the sub-sleeve needs to be replaced, the efficiency of disassembling and replacing the sub-sleeve can be improved by disassembling and connecting the sub-sleeves, and the time and labor cost in the using process of the drilling machine are reduced.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a reamer is provided at an end of the sub-sleeve 5 of the sleeve 5 farthest from the sleeve head shaft 2, and the bore diameter can be widened by the reamer when the drill rod 4 drills into the ground, so that the sleeve 5 is ensured to continuously extend in the widened bore diameter, and further drill synchronously with the drill rod 4.

First drive assembly 6 may be coupled to casing head shaft 2 and may be located on a side of top end 22 of casing head shaft 2 distal from bottom end 21 for driving rotation of casing head shaft 2 to rotate casing 5 via casing head shaft 2 to provide reaming power to casing 5. In addition, the first driving component 6 can be fixedly connected with the base 1, and the first driving component 6 is further supported by the base 1. For example, the first driving component 6 may be screwed to the base 1, or the first driving component 6 may be clamped or welded to the base 1, and the connection manner of the first driving component 6 and the base 1 is not particularly limited.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first driving assembly 6 may include a first driving motor 61, a first reduction mechanism 62, and a first transmission mechanism 63, wherein:

The first drive motor 61 may be used to provide the primary power for driving the rotation of the sleeve 5. The first driving motor 61 may be a hydraulic motor, an electric motor, or other types of power devices, as long as it can provide rotational power to the sleeve 5, and the specific type of the first driving motor 61 is not particularly limited. First drive motor 61 may be located on a side of casing head shaft 2 remote from casing 5 and may extend out of base 1.

First reduction mechanism 62 may be coupled to first drive motor 61 and located between first drive motor 61 and casing head shaft 2 and may be configured to reduce the rotational output of first drive motor 61 by a reduction in torque. The first reduction mechanism 62 may be a planetary gear reducer, a fixed-axis gear train reduction mechanism, or other types of reduction devices, as long as it can provide a reduction and a torque increase, and the specific type of the first reduction mechanism 62 is not particularly limited herein.

One end of the first transmission mechanism 63 may be connected to the first speed reducing mechanism 62, and the other end may pass through the base 1 and be connected to the top end 22 of the casing head shaft 2, where power may be output to the first transmission mechanism 63 through the first speed reducing mechanism 62, and power may be transmitted to the casing head shaft 2 through the first transmission mechanism 63, and then power may be transmitted to the casing 5 through the casing head shaft 2 to drive the casing 5 to rotate.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, first drive mechanism 63 may include a first drive gear that may extend out of base 1 along a side distal from first reduction mechanism 62 and a first driven gear that may be disposed inside first outer bearing 100 and may be splined to casing head shaft 2 such that rotational movement by first reduction mechanism 62 may be transferred to casing head shaft 2.

As shown in fig. 4, a first angle sensor 64 may be provided at the shaft end portion of the first driving gear protruding from the base 1, and the drilling angle of the drill rod 4 may be detected by the first angle sensor 64. The arrangement of the first angle sensor 64 effectively uses the empty space in front of the base 1, so that the device structure is more compact, and at the same time, other components are not affected during installation and maintenance, thus reducing the installation, maintenance and replacement costs of the first angle sensor 64.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first transmission 63 may be driven by a fixed shaft gear, or may be driven by a chain, or may be driven by other known driving methods, which are not limited in particular herein. Preferably, the first transmission 63 employs a fixed shaft gear transmission.

The second driving component 7 can be connected with the drill rod head shaft 3 and can be distributed side by side with the first driving component 6, the second driving component 7 can be used for driving the drill rod head shaft 3 to rotate so as to drive the drill rod 4 to rotate through the drill rod head shaft 3, and further drilling power can be provided for the drill rod 4, and meanwhile, power can be provided for adjusting the angle of the drill rod 4. In addition, the second driving component 7 can be fixedly connected with the base 1, and the second driving component 7 is further supported by the base 1. For example, the second driving component 7 may be screwed to the base 1, or the second driving component 7 may be clamped or welded to the base 1, and the connection manner of the second driving component 7 and the base 1 is not particularly limited.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the second driving assembly 7 may include a second driving motor 71, a second reduction mechanism 72, and a second transmission mechanism 73, wherein:

The second drive motor 71 may be used to provide the primary power for driving the rotation of the drill rod 4. The second drive motor 71 may be a hydraulic motor, an electric motor, or other types of power devices, as long as it can provide rotational power to the drill pipe 4, and the specific type of the second drive motor 71 is not particularly limited. Second drive motor 71 may be located on a side of casing head shaft 2 remote from casing 5 and may extend out of base 1. The second drive motor 71 and the first drive motor 61 may be identical, for example, the second drive motor 71 and the first drive motor 61 may each be a hydraulic motor.

Second reduction mechanism 72 may be coupled to second drive motor 71 and located between second drive motor 71 and casing head shaft 2, and may be configured to reduce the rotational output of second drive motor 71 by a reduction in torque. The second reduction mechanism 72 may be a planetary gear reducer, a fixed-axis gear train reduction mechanism, or other types of reduction devices, as long as it can provide reduction and torque increase, and the specific type of the second reduction mechanism 72 is not particularly limited herein.

One end of the second transmission mechanism 73 can be connected with the second speed reducing mechanism 72, the other end of the second transmission mechanism 73 can be connected with the drill rod head shaft 3, power can be output to the second transmission mechanism 73 through the second speed reducing mechanism 72, power is transmitted to the drill rod head shaft 3 through the second transmission mechanism 73, and power is transmitted to the drill rod 4 through the drill rod head shaft 3 so as to drive the drill rod 4 to rotate.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the second transmission mechanism 73 may include a second driving gear and a second driven gear, the second driving gear may protrude from the base 1 along a side remote from the second reduction mechanism 72, the second driven gear may be provided inside the second outer bearing 200 and may be spline-connected with the drill rod head shaft 3 such that a rotational motion by the second reduction mechanism 72 may be transmitted to the drill rod head shaft 3 through the second transmission mechanism 73. Namely: the first driven gear and the second driven gear are distributed between the first outer bearing 100 and the second outer bearing 200, so that the axial dimension of the whole power head can be reduced, and the axial interval between the first outer bearing 100 and the second outer bearing 200 is larger, so that the first radial force couple generated when the torsion moment of the casing head shaft 2 and the drill bit head shaft 3 is resisted integrally is smaller.

A second angle sensor 74 may be provided at the shaft end portion of the second driving gear protruding from the base 1, and the drilling angle of the drill rod 4 may be detected by the second angle sensor 74. The arrangement of the second angle sensor 74 effectively uses the empty space in the front of the base 1, so that the device structure is more compact, and at the same time, other components are not affected during installation and maintenance, thereby reducing the installation, maintenance and replacement costs of the second angle sensor 74.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the second transmission mechanism 73 may be driven by a fixed shaft gear, or may be driven by a chain, or may be driven by other known driving methods, which are not limited in particular herein. Preferably, the second transmission 73 employs a fixed shaft gear transmission. The second transmission 73 and the first transmission 63 may be identical, for example, the first transmission 63 and the second transmission 73 may each be driven by a fixed shaft gear.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, first and second drive mechanisms 63, 73 are disposed side-by-side and parallel to one side of casing head shaft 2 remote from casing 5; first drive motor 61 and second drive motor 71 are arranged side by side and in parallel, and first reduction mechanism 62 and second reduction mechanism 72 are also arranged side by side and in parallel, so that the space in the axial direction of casing head shaft 2 can be effectively utilized, and the axial dimension can be reduced.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the drilling apparatus of the present disclosure may further include a brake, which may be provided in the second driving assembly 7, and the extension direction of the drill rod 4 may be locked by the brake when the drill rod 4 drills, providing the drill rod 4 with a reactive torque against a radial driving force, thereby preventing the drill rod 4 from rotating, to thereby achieve directional drilling.

The brake may be a plate brake or a drum brake, but of course, may be another type of brake, which is not shown here.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a brake may be located in the second reduction mechanism 72, and the second driving motor 71 is stopped while the brake is locked during directional drilling of the drill rod 4, so that the drill rod 4 is kept stationary by providing a reaction torque to the drill rod 4 against a radial driving force by the brake, at which time the drilling of the end of the drill rod 4 is continued while the drilling of the drill rod 4 is continued while the angle of the drill rod 4 is maintained, i.e., the drill bit 42 is continuously drilled along a preset angle, thereby achieving directional drilling.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first driving assembly 6 and the second driving assembly 7 may be selected from driving motors, speed reducing mechanisms and transmission mechanisms with similar structures, so as to improve standardization and replaceability of product components, reduce cost of suppliers selecting, stocking and logistics for producing and processing the components, reduce training cost for assembly personnel, reduce maintenance and replacement cost when the components are damaged, and the like.

Specifically, the mechanism housings of the first and second reduction mechanisms 62 and 72 and the planetary gear trains inside thereof may be identical. In the component processing stage, a space capable of accommodating the brake is provided in each of the cases of the first and second reduction mechanisms 62 and 72. At the time of final assembly, the component in which the brake is not provided is provided as the first reduction mechanism 62 as the second reduction mechanism 72.

The working principle of the drilling device is described in detail below in connection with working conditions:

the drilling device has two working conditions in the use process, wherein the first working condition is drilling of a straight hole, and the second working condition is turning.

Under the first working condition, the first driving motor 61 and the second driving motor 71 rotate, the power output by the first driving motor 61 is reduced in speed and increased in torque through the first reducing mechanism 62, the rotational power after the torque is increased is transmitted to the casing head shaft 2 through the first transmission mechanism 63, and the power is output to the casing 5 through the casing head shaft 2 so as to drive the casing 5 to rotate. The power output by the second driving motor 71 is reduced in speed and increased in torque through the second speed reducing mechanism 72, the rotational power after the torque increase is transmitted to the drill rod head shaft 3 through the second transmission mechanism 73, and the power is output to the drill rod 4 through the drill rod head shaft 3 so as to drive the drill rod 4 to rotate.

In this process, since the first driving assembly 6 and the second driving assembly 7 are simultaneously operated, so that when the drill rod 4 is pushed into the ground, the drill bit 42 axis at the end of the drill rod 4 always rotates along the shaft of the drill rod 4 although the drill bit 42 axis is at an angle to the drill rod 4 axis, the drill rod 4 will linearly drill in the axial direction of the drill rod 4, thereby achieving straight drilling.

Under the second working condition, the power output by the first driving motor 61 is reduced in speed and increased in torque through the first reduction mechanism 62, the rotational power after the torque increase is transmitted to the casing head shaft 2 through the first transmission mechanism 63, and the power is output to the casing 5 through the casing head shaft 2 so as to drive the casing 5 to rotate. The second driving motor 71 stops working, and the brake arranged inside the second reducing mechanism 72 locks, and provides reactive torque for the drill rod 4 against the aperture motor through the brake, so that the drill rod 4 keeps still, when the drill rod 4 is pushed into the ground continuously, the aperture motor at the tail end of the drill rod 4 continuously drills, and the drilling angle of the drill rod 4 keeps unchanged, namely, the drill bit 42 continuously drills along the direction deviating from the preset angle of the line of the power shaft 41, thereby driving the drill rod 4 to deflect in the continuous drilling process.

In both conditions, the second outer bearing 200 provides the first axial force against the drill rod head shaft 3, which may be the sum of the first axial force transmitted rearward by the drill rod 4 and the second axial force transmitted rearward by the sleeve 5, among the bearings supporting the sleeve head shaft 2 and the drill rod head shaft 3. In the second condition, the second outer bearing 200 is in a stationary condition in which no rotation takes place at all, because the drill bit head shaft 3 is locked by the brake, and the second outer bearing 200 is subjected to the same axial force as the prior art as the sum of the first axial force and the second axial force, but the second outer bearing 200 has a lower failure risk and a longer service life than the prior art bearing because it does not rotate itself.

First or second inner bearings 300, 400 between casing head shaft 2 and drill rod head shaft 3 provide casing head shaft 2 with a second opposing axial force in an equal and opposite direction to the second axial force. Because the second axial force is less than the first axial force, the bearing provided between casing head shaft 2 and drill rod head shaft 3 of the present disclosure has a longer life than the bearings of the prior art, or can be selected to be smaller under the same design life, reducing the overall structural volume and reducing the manufacturing cost of the product.

The bearing arrangement of the casing head shaft 2 and the drill rod head shaft 3 of the drilling device can reduce the radial force born by each bearing under the condition that the overall axial size is reduced. During drilling, there are two main torsional moments on the casing head shaft 2 and the drill head shaft 3, one being the first torsional moment that the casing head shaft 2 and the drill head shaft 3 bear as a whole. The other is the second torque that the drill head shaft 3 assumes. Although in the drilling apparatus the bearings are mainly subjected to axial forces, when the first few sub-shafts and sub-casing 5 are driven into the ground, and when underground drilling is performed, due to special reasons such as direction changes, uneven geological structure, hard substances on one side, etc., large vibrations of the drill rod 4 and the casing 5 are often caused, so that a certain torsional moment is generated and applied in the form of radial forces to the bearings supporting the casing head shaft 2 and the drill head shaft 3. At this time, first outer bearing 100 and second outer bearing 200 apply a pair of first radial couples of equal magnitude to casing head shaft 2 and drill bit shaft 3, and a first torsional moment may be resisted by the first radial couples. The second outer bearing 200, the first inner bearing 300, and the second inner bearing 400 together apply radial forces to the drill bit head shaft 3, the three forces constituting a second radial force couple that resists the second torsional moment in its entirety. In this process, the force radial force shared to each bearing will be less than the radial force experienced by each bearing in the prior art, and thus each bearing in the present disclosure has a longer service life.

Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any adaptations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. A drilling apparatus, comprising:

A base having a first end and a second end therethrough;

the casing head shaft is provided with a through bottom end part and a top end part, the top end part stretches into the first end and is connected with the first end through a first outer bearing, and the bottom end part extends to one side, away from the second end, of the first end;

one end of the drill rod head shaft extends into the top end part and is connected with the top end part through an inner bearing, the other end of the drill rod head shaft extends out of the second end along the axial direction, and the drill rod head shaft is connected with the second end through a second outer bearing;

The drill rod is fixedly connected with the drill rod head shaft;

The sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the drill rod, and one end of the sleeve extends into the bottom end part and is fixedly connected with the bottom end part;

The first driving assembly is connected with the casing head shaft and used for driving the casing head shaft to rotate so as to drive the casing to rotate;

and the second driving assembly is connected with the drill rod head shaft and is used for driving the drill rod head shaft to rotate so as to drive the drill rod to rotate.

2. The drilling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drill pipe comprises:

The power shaft is connected with the drill rod head shaft;

the drill bit is connected to one side, far away from the drill rod head shaft, of the power shaft, and the extending direction of the drill bit and the axial direction of the power shaft form a preset included angle.

3. Drilling apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined included angle comprises 0.5 ° to 5 °.

4. The drilling apparatus of claim 2, wherein the power shaft is of unitary construction with the drill bit.

5. The drilling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drilling apparatus further comprises:

And the brake is arranged in the second driving assembly and used for locking the extending direction of the drill rod.

6. Drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the drill rod is detachably connected to the drill head shaft.

7. Drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the casing is detachably connected to the casing head shaft.

8. The drilling apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first drive assembly comprises:

a first drive motor for providing rotational power to the casing head shaft;

The first speed reducing mechanism is connected with the first driving motor and used for reducing the speed and increasing the torque of the rotation output of the first driving motor;

And one end of the first transmission mechanism is connected with the first speed reducing mechanism, and the other end of the first transmission mechanism is connected with the top end part of the casing head shaft and is used for driving the casing head shaft to rotate.

9. The drilling apparatus of claim 8, wherein the second drive assembly comprises:

a second drive motor for providing rotational power to the drill head shaft;

the second speed reducing mechanism is connected with the second driving motor and is used for reducing the speed and increasing the torque of the rotation output of the second driving motor;

And one end of the second transmission mechanism is connected with the second speed reducing mechanism, and the other end of the second transmission mechanism is connected with the drill rod head shaft and is used for driving the drill rod head shaft to rotate.

10. Drilling apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the brake is provided inside the second reduction mechanism.