CN114377442B - On-line backwashing state detection method for sand filter - Google Patents
On-line backwashing state detection method for sand filter Download PDFInfo
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- CN114377442B CN114377442B CN202210198974.XA CN202210198974A CN114377442B CN 114377442 B CN114377442 B CN 114377442B CN 202210198974 A CN202210198974 A CN 202210198974A CN 114377442 B CN114377442 B CN 114377442B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
- B01D24/10—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being held in a closed container
- B01D24/16—Upward filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/46—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter
- B01D24/4631—Counter-current flushing, e.g. by air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/48—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2101/00—Types of filters having loose filtering material
- B01D2101/04—Sand or gravel filters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the online backwashing state of a sand filter, which is used for detecting the expansion state of a filter material layer in the sand filter and comprises the following steps: providing a detection device which comprises a cavity body and a detection mechanism arranged on the cavity body; arranging the detection device above a filter material layer of the sand filter by a set height; continuously introducing pressurized water into the cavity body; whether filter material suspended solids appear in the filter water entering the cavity body or not is detected in real time through the detection mechanism, so that whether the filter material layer expands to a set height or not is judged. The invention monitors the backwashing state by detecting whether the filter material suspended solids are contained in the water of the filter tank in real time, and can judge whether the filter material expands to a specified height according to whether the filter material suspended solids appear, thereby realizing the real-time control on the backwashing strength, ensuring the thorough backwashing of each time and solving the hidden trouble of material running.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment equipment, and particularly relates to an online backwashing state detection method for a sand filter.
Background
The sand filter is a common filtering structure for water treatment in municipal and industrial industries and the like. In the filtering stage, the filter traps suspended matters in water in a filter material layer. And in the backwashing stage, gas and water pass through the filter handle to be distributed with water and pass through the filter material from bottom to top, at the moment, the filter material expands to a certain height, and impurities are separated from the filter material along with backwashing water flow and are discharged to a downstream sludge treatment facility. If the backwashing strength of gas and water is insufficient, suspended matters in the filter material layer can not be fully eluted, so that the backwashing effect is poor; if the backwashing strength of gas and water is too high and the expansion height of the filter material exceeds the drainage weir, the filter material leaves the filter bed, so that the filter material runs out.
Therefore, it is necessary to design an online backwashing state detection method for a sand filter to monitor whether the filter material expands to a specified height in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides an online backwashing state detection method for a sand filter, which is used for solving the problem that the backwashing state of the filter is difficult to monitor in real time in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a method for detecting an expansion state of a filter material layer in a sand filter, comprising:
providing a detection device which comprises a cavity body and a detection mechanism arranged on the cavity body;
arranging the detection device above a filter material layer of the sand filter by a set height;
continuously introducing pressurized water into the cavity body;
detecting whether filter material suspended solids appear in filter water entering the cavity body in real time through the detection mechanism so as to judge whether the filter material layer expands to a set height;
the cavity body comprises a collection chamber, a degassing chamber, a detection chamber, a mixing chamber and a negative pressure chamber, the collection chamber is located at the lower portion of the cavity body, the degassing chamber and the detection chamber are located in the middle of the cavity body, the degassing chamber is adjacent to the detection chamber and communicated with the collection chamber, the mixing chamber and the negative pressure chamber are located at the upper portion of the cavity body, the negative pressure chamber is adjacent to the mixing chamber, the mixing chamber is communicated with the degassing chamber and the detection chamber respectively, and pressurized water is introduced into the negative pressure chamber.
Optionally, the chamber body has a working state and a flushing state, and in the working state, the filter water enters from the bottom of the chamber body and is discharged from the top of the chamber body along with the pressurized water; in the flushing state, the pressurized water enters from the top of the cavity body and is discharged from the bottom of the cavity body.
Optionally, a drain outlet is formed at the tail end of the negative pressure chamber, and the opening or closing of the drain outlet is controlled by switching the switching valve between the working position and the flushing position; when the cavity body is in a working state, the switching valve is in a working position, and the liquid outlet is opened; when the cavity body is in a flushing state, the switching valve is in a flushing position, and the liquid outlet is closed.
Optionally, a liquid inlet is formed in one side, away from the liquid outlet, of the negative pressure chamber, a flange is arranged on the liquid inlet, and pressurized water is introduced into the negative pressure chamber from the liquid inlet.
Optionally, a tapered baffle is arranged in the negative pressure chamber, the tapered baffle is located between the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet, and a projected area of the tapered baffle on a horizontal plane is gradually reduced along a direction away from the liquid outlet.
Optionally, the bottom of the cavity body is provided with a grid plate, and the grid plate is provided with a plurality of grid holes or grid grooves communicated with the collection chamber.
Optionally, a plurality of degassing plates are arranged in the degassing chamber, the degassing plates are arranged along the vertical direction of the cavity body at intervals side by side, and two ends of each degassing plate are separated from the inner side wall of the cavity body.
Optionally, detection mechanism including set up in the light of relative both sides takes place and processing assembly and light turns to the subassembly around the detection room, the light takes place and processing assembly includes the circuit board, be provided with laser generator, main reflecting prism and a photoelectric sensor on the circuit board, the laser that laser generator sent is after passing through main reflecting prism, light in proper order turns to the subassembly and detects the room, by a photoelectric sensor receives, the light turns to the subassembly and includes the supplementary reflecting prism of two relative settings.
Optionally, a second photoelectric sensor is further disposed in front of the detection chamber and on the light exit side of the light turning assembly.
As mentioned above, the online backwashing state detection method for the sand filter tank has the following beneficial effects:
whether contain the filter material suspended solid in order to monitor the backwash state through real-time detection filtering pond aquatic, can judge whether the filter material expands to appointed height according to whether the filter material suspended solid appears, realize the real-time control to backwash intensity, ensure that backwash at every turn is thorough, solve and run the material hidden danger.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific application condition of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an exploded view of the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal section of a portion of a chamber according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view (in operation) of the top sub-pressure chamber and the mixing chamber of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the top sub-pressure chamber and the mixing chamber of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention (flushing state);
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an optical path of a detecting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the flow of liquid in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals
10-a cavity body; 11-a collection chamber; 12-a degassing chamber; 13-a detection chamber; 131-a first light transmissive window; 132-a second light transmissive window; 14-a mixing chamber; 15-a negative pressure chamber; 151-drain port; 152-a switching valve; 153-liquid through port; 154-flange; 155-a tapered baffle; 16-a grid plate; 17-a separator; 18-degas plate; 181-first degassing plate; 182-a second degassing plate; 183-third degassing plate;
20-a detection mechanism; 21-a circuit board; 211-a laser generator; 212-a primary reflection prism; 213-a light transmissive member; 22-a light redirecting assembly; 221-auxiliary reflecting prism;
100-a detection device; 200-a sand filter; 300-a filter material layer; 400-guide rail.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
In order to describe the present invention in detail, the following is a specific description of the sand filter online backwash state detection method of the present invention:
the invention provides a method for detecting the online backwashing state of a sand filter, which is used for detecting the expansion state of a filter material layer 300 in the sand filter 200 and comprises the following steps:
providing a detection device 100, which comprises a cavity body 10 and a detection mechanism 20 arranged on the cavity body 10;
arranging the detection device 100 above a filter material layer 300 of the sand filter 200 by a set height;
pressurized water (water with a set pressure) is continuously introduced into the cavity body 10;
whether filter material suspended matters appear in the filter water entering the chamber body 10 is detected in real time by the detection mechanism 20 so as to judge whether the filter material layer 300 is expanded to a set height.
It is specific, whether usable detection mechanism 20 detects the filtering pond aquatic of getting into from the chamber body 10 bottom contains the filter material suspended solid to judge whether the filter material expands to the critical point of setting for the height, in order to do benefit to real-time supervision filter material inflation state, thereby take corresponding measure in view of the above, reduce the filter material inflation height, when guaranteeing the backwash effect, also can avoid running the material hidden danger.
The detection device 100 is arranged at a set height above the filter material layer 300 of the sand filter 200. In this embodiment, the guide rail 400 perpendicular to the horizontal plane may be disposed on the inner side wall of the sand filter 200, the chamber body 10 is mounted on the guide rail 400 on the side wall of the sand filter 200, the top of the guide rail 400 is above the normal water level for easy maintenance, and the bottom of the guide rail 400 is above the precoat 300. The chamber body 10 can freely slide along the guide rail 400 and be fixed at any position. The bottom height of the chamber body 10 is the critical point of the expansion height of the filter material. It should be noted that fig. 1 is a schematic installation diagram for a V-shaped filter, and the chamber body 10 can also be installed and deployed in any sand filter with a backwashing-like function according to the above principle.
In some embodiments, the chamber body 10 has an operating state and a flushing state, and in the operating state, the filter water enters from the bottom of the chamber body 10 and is discharged from the top of the chamber body 10 along with the pressurized water; in the flushing state, the pressurized water enters from the top of the chamber body 10 and is discharged from the bottom of the chamber body 10.
Pressurized water is continuously introduced into the cavity body 10. When the cavity body 10 is in a working state, negative pressure is formed by introducing pressurized water, so that filter tank water is brought into the cavity body 10 from the bottom of the cavity body 10 and is finally discharged from the upper part of the cavity body 10, and the detection mechanism 20 can be used for detecting the filter tank water entering the cavity body 10 in real time; when the chamber body 10 is in a flushing state, pressurized water flows from the top of the chamber body 10 to the bottom of the chamber body 10 and is discharged, so that the effect of flushing deposited impurities in the chamber body 10 is achieved.
Wherein, the cavity body 10 comprises a collection chamber 11, a degassing chamber 12, a detection chamber 13, a mixing chamber 14 and a negative pressure chamber 15, the collection chamber 11 is positioned at the lower part of the cavity body 10, the degassing chamber 12 and the detection chamber 13 are positioned at the middle part of the cavity body 10, the degassing chamber 12 is arranged adjacent to the detection chamber 13 and is communicated with the collection chamber 11, in the embodiment, the detection chamber 13 is positioned at the right side of the degassing chamber 12; the mixing chamber 14 and the negative pressure chamber 15 are positioned at the upper part of the cavity body 10, the negative pressure chamber 15 is arranged adjacent to the mixing chamber 14, and in the embodiment, the negative pressure chamber 15 is positioned at the front side of the mixing chamber 14; the mixing chamber 14 is respectively communicated with the degassing chamber 12 and the detection chamber 13, and the pressurized water is introduced into the negative pressure chamber 15.
In some embodiments, the end of the negative pressure chamber 15 is provided with a drain port 151, and the opening or closing of the drain port 151 is controlled by switching the switching valve 152 between the working position and the flushing position; when the chamber body 10 is in a working state, the switching valve 152 is in a working position, and the liquid discharge port 151 is opened; when the chamber body 10 is in the flushing state, the switching valve 152 is in the flushing position, and the liquid discharge port 151 is closed. Specifically, the switching valve 152 is rotatably provided at the liquid discharge port 151 for opening and closing the liquid discharge port 151; when the switching valve 152 is rotated to the operating position in the direction away from the drain port 151, the drain port 151 is opened; when the switching valve 152 is rotated to the flushing position in a direction approaching the drain port 151, the drain port 151 is closed by the switching valve 152.
In the above embodiment, a liquid inlet 153 is provided on the side of the negative pressure chamber 15 away from the liquid outlet 151, a flange 154 is provided on the liquid inlet 153, and the pressurized water is introduced into the negative pressure chamber 15 through the liquid inlet 153. Specifically, pressurized water (water with a set pressure) can be introduced into the negative pressure chamber 15 through the liquid inlet 153, and the pressurized water enters the negative pressure chamber 15 through the liquid inlet 153, so that a negative pressure is formed in the negative pressure chamber 15 due to the venturi effect, thereby facilitating the suction of the liquid into the cavity body 10 and the detection chamber 13 in the working state.
A tapered baffle 155 is provided in the negative pressure chamber 15, the tapered baffle 155 is located between the liquid inlet 153 and the liquid outlet 151, and a projected area of the tapered baffle 155 on a horizontal plane is gradually reduced in a direction away from the liquid outlet 151. Specifically, the negative pressure chamber 15 and the mixing chamber 14 are separated by a partition plate, one end of the partition plate is connected to the inner side wall of the chamber body 10 close to the liquid through port 153, and the other end of the partition plate is separated from the inner side wall of the chamber body 10 away from the liquid through port 153. The reducing baffle 155 is arranged on the chamber dividing plate, and by arranging the reducing baffle 155, the pressurized water entering the negative pressure chamber 15 can be rapidly compressed, the pressure of the pressurized water is increased, and the negative pressure is favorably formed in the negative pressure chamber 15 by the venturi effect.
The drain port 151 can be opened or closed by switching the switching valve 152 between the operating position and the flushing position. In the working state, the switching valve 152 is in the working position, at this time, the liquid discharge port 151 is in the open state, pressurized water enters the negative pressure chamber 15 through the liquid through port 153 via the tapered baffle 155, and negative pressure can be formed in the negative pressure chamber 15 in the process of being discharged through the liquid discharge port 151; the water in the sand filter 200 enters the collection chamber 11 from the bottom of the chamber body 10 by means of negative pressure, one part of the water is deaerated by the deaeration chamber 12 to form deaerated water and enters the detection chamber 13, and then enters the mixing chamber 14 together with the other part of the undeaerated water (aerated water), enters the negative pressure chamber 15 after mixing, and finally is discharged from the liquid discharge port 151 of the negative pressure chamber 15. In the backwashing state, the switching valve 152 is in the flushing position, the liquid discharge port 151 is in the closed state, pressurized water enters the negative pressure chamber 15 through the liquid through port 153 via the tapered baffle 155, and the pressurized water enters the mixing chamber 14 from the negative pressure chamber 15 due to the blockage of the liquid discharge port 151, passes through the detection chamber 13 and the degassing chamber 12, and is finally discharged through the bottom of the collection chamber 11. During the period, the impurities deposited in each chamber are discharged from the bottom of the device along with the water flow of the pressurized water.
In some embodiments, the bottom of the chamber body 10 is provided with a grid plate 16, and the grid plate 16 is provided with a plurality of grid holes or grid grooves communicated with the collection chamber 11. Specifically, the material of the grid plate 16 may be a steel grid plate 16. The size of the grid plate 16 is matched with the bottom of the cavity body 10, and the collection chamber 11 of the cavity body 10 can be communicated with the outside through the grid holes or grid grooves formed in the grid plate 16, so that liquid in the sand filter 200 can enter the collection chamber 11 of the cavity body 10 from the grid plate 16 in a working state; in the flushing mode, pressurized water introduced into the chamber body 10 is discharged from the grid plate 16. A plurality of grid holes or grid grooves may be evenly distributed on the grid plate 16, and the grid holes or grid grooves may have the same size.
In the above embodiment, the collection chamber 11 and the degassing chamber 12 are separated by a partition 17, the partition 17 is disposed along the transverse direction of the chamber body 10, a first end of the partition 17 is connected to the inner side wall of the chamber body 10 close to the detection chamber 13, and a second end of the partition 17 is separated from the inner side wall of the chamber body 10 away from the detection chamber 13. In particular, thanks to the separation between the second end of the partition 17 and the chamber body 10, the collection chamber 11 can be put into communication with the degassing chamber 12, ensuring that the liquid can pass from the collection chamber 11 to the degassing chamber 12 or from the degassing chamber 12 to the collection chamber 11.
Illustratively, a plurality of degassing plates 18 are arranged in the degassing chamber 12, the degassing plates 18 are arranged along the vertical direction of the chamber body 10 at intervals side by side, and both ends of the degassing plates 18 are separated from the inner side wall of the chamber body 10. Specifically, in the present embodiment, three degassing plates 18 are provided, and arranged in a direction from the degassing chamber 12 to the detection chamber 13 as a first degassing plate 181, a second degassing plate 182, and a third degassing plate 183, wherein bottoms of the first degassing plate 181, the second degassing plate 182, and the third degassing plate 183 are arranged at the same height, lengths of the first degassing plate 181 and the second degassing plate 182 are the same, and a length of the third degassing plate 183 is longer than lengths of the first degassing plate 181 and the second degassing plate 182. Both ends of the first degassing plate 181, the second degassing plate 182, and the third degassing plate 183 are separated from the inner sidewall of the chamber body 10, so that the lower right of the degassing chamber 12 can be communicated with the sensing chamber 13, and the top of the degassing chamber 12 and the sensing chamber 13 can be ensured to be communicated with the mixing chamber 14.
Since bubbles move upwards in water due to buoyancy, the plurality of degassing plates 18 arranged in the degassing chamber 12 can prevent bubbles in liquid (aerated water) entering the degassing chamber 12 from moving rightwards after hitting a baffle plate, and finally leave the degassing chamber 12 to the mixing chamber 14 from the upper right, and water (degassed water) without bubbles flows to the detection chamber 13 from an outlet at the lower right of the degassing chamber 12, so that detection of degassed liquid is facilitated, higher detection accuracy can be obtained, and detection effect is prevented from being influenced by bubbles in the liquid.
It can be understood that the chamber body 10 is provided with a first light-transmitting window 131 corresponding to the front of the detection chamber 13, and the chamber body 10 is provided with a second light-transmitting window 132 corresponding to the rear of the detection chamber 13. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first light-transmitting window 131 is a circular structure, and the second light-transmitting window 132 is a strip structure. By providing the first light-transmitting window 131 and the second light-transmitting window 132, the laser can be easily transmitted to the detection chamber 13, so as to detect whether the liquid in the detection chamber 13 contains the filter material suspension.
The detection mechanism 20 comprises light generation and treatment components and light turning components 22 which are arranged at the front side and the rear side of the detection chamber 13, whether the filter water entering the detection chamber 13 of the cavity body 10 contains filter material suspended matters or not can be detected through the detection mechanism 20, if the size of a suspended matter light spot is larger than or equal to a set size, the filter water contains the filter material suspended matters, and it can be judged that the filter material layer 300 is expanded to a set height, and measures are required to reduce the expansion height of the filter material; if the water content is smaller than the set size, the water in the surface filter tank does not contain filter material suspended matters, and the filter material layer 300 can be judged not to expand to the set height.
In the above embodiment, the light generating and processing assembly includes the circuit board 21, the circuit board 21 is provided with the laser generator 211, the primary reflection prism 212 and the first photoelectric sensor, the laser emitted by the laser generator 211 is received by the first photoelectric sensor after passing through the primary reflection prism 212, the light steering assembly 22 and the detection chamber 13 in sequence, and the light steering assembly 22 includes two auxiliary reflection prisms 221 which are oppositely arranged. Specifically, a laser beam (for example, 605 nm) is emitted by the laser generator 211, and after a parallel optical path is formed by lens focusing, the optical path Fang Xianghou is changed by the main reflection prism 212 and the two auxiliary reflection prisms 221 which are arranged oppositely, and the laser beam enters the detection chamber 13, when the laser beam passes through the detection chamber 13, mie scattering occurs due to the effect of particles and/or impurities carried by water flow in the detection chamber 13, and finally, a light spot is formed on the circuit board 21 behind the detection chamber 13, and the light spot is received and detected by the first photoelectric sensor arranged on the circuit board 21. The particle size and the form of suspended matters removed by backwashing are different from those of filter materials (quartz sand), so that the transmissivity and the refractive index of the filter materials are obviously different. By measuring the size and the edge brightness of the light spot, the concentration of suspended matters in the current detection chamber 13 and the presence or absence of quartz sand can be judged. The first photosensor is used for detecting the positive scattered light.
The laser beam enters the detection chamber 13 through the first light-transmitting window 131 on the cavity body 10 after being emitted from the light turning component 22, and passes through the detection chamber 13 through the second light-transmitting window 132 on the cavity body 10, moreover, the circuit board 21 is further provided with a light-transmitting piece 213 which is installed in a matched manner with the second light-transmitting window 132, and when the circuit board 21 is assembled with the cavity body 10, the light-transmitting piece 213 is positioned in a matched manner with the second light-transmitting window 132.
In addition, a second photoelectric sensor is arranged in front of the detection chamber 13 and on the light outgoing side of the light turning component 22. Specifically, by providing the second photosensor, back-scattered light can be measured.
In the actual use, in the air-water combined washing stage of the filter tank, when the device detects that the filter material expands to a specified height, the frequency of the filter material is reduced by the blower (1); (2) reducing the opening of the backwashing air inlet regulating valve; (3) controlling the pressure relief valve to relieve pressure; one or combination of the three ways realizes the reduction of the expansion height of the filter material.
In the stage of washing the filter tank, when the device detects that the filter material expands to a specified height, the filter material is subjected to frequency reduction operation through (1) a backwashing pump; (2) reducing the opening degree of an adjusting valve at the outlet of the backwashing pump; (3) increasing the opening degree of a reflux regulating valve of a backwashing water pipe; one or combination of the three ways realizes the reduction of the expansion height of the filter material.
In summary, in the online backwashing state detection method for the sand filter provided by the embodiment of the invention, the backwashing state is monitored by detecting whether the filter material suspended solids are contained in the water of the filter in real time, and whether the filter material expands to a specified height can be judged according to whether the filter material suspended solids are present, so that the real-time control on the backwashing strength is realized, the thorough backwashing of each time is ensured, and the potential hazards of material leakage are solved.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An online backwashing state detection method for a sand filter is used for detecting the expansion state of a filter material layer in the sand filter and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a detection device which comprises a cavity body and a detection mechanism arranged on the cavity body;
arranging the detection device above a filter material layer of the sand filter by a set height;
continuously introducing pressurized water into the cavity body;
detecting whether filter material suspended solids appear in filter water entering the cavity body in real time through the detection mechanism so as to judge whether the filter material layer expands to a set height;
the cavity body comprises a collection chamber, a degassing chamber, a detection chamber, a mixing chamber and a negative pressure chamber, the collection chamber is located at the lower portion of the cavity body, the degassing chamber and the detection chamber are located in the middle of the cavity body, the degassing chamber is adjacent to the detection chamber and communicated with the collection chamber, the mixing chamber and the negative pressure chamber are located at the upper portion of the cavity body, the negative pressure chamber is adjacent to the mixing chamber, the mixing chamber is communicated with the degassing chamber and the detection chamber respectively, and pressurized water is introduced into the negative pressure chamber.
2. The method for detecting the online backwashing state of the sand filter according to claim 1, wherein: the cavity body is provided with a working state and a flushing state, and in the working state, the filter tank water enters from the bottom of the cavity body and is discharged from the top of the cavity body along with pressurized water; in the flushing state, the pressurized water enters from the top of the cavity body and is discharged from the bottom of the cavity body.
3. The method for detecting the online backwashing state of the sand filter according to claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the negative pressure chamber is provided with a liquid outlet, and the opening or closing of the liquid outlet is controlled by switching the switching valve between the working position and the flushing position; when the cavity body is in a working state, the switching valve is in a working position, and the liquid outlet is opened; when the cavity body is in a flushing state, the switching valve is in a flushing position, and the liquid outlet is closed.
4. The method for detecting the online backwashing state of the sand filter according to claim 3, wherein: and a liquid through port is formed in one side, away from the liquid discharge port, of the negative pressure chamber, a flange is arranged on the liquid through port, and pressurized water is introduced into the negative pressure chamber from the liquid through port.
5. The method for detecting the online backwashing state of the sand filter according to claim 4, wherein: the negative pressure chamber is internally provided with a gradually-reducing baffle which is positioned between the liquid passing port and the liquid discharging port, and the projection area of the gradually-reducing baffle on the horizontal plane is gradually reduced along the direction far away from the liquid discharging port.
6. The method for detecting the online backwashing state of the sand filter according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the cavity body is provided with a grid plate, and a plurality of grid holes or grid grooves communicated with the collecting chamber are formed in the grid plate.
7. The method for detecting the online backwashing state of the sand filter according to claim 1, wherein: the degassing chamber is internally provided with a plurality of degassing plates which are arranged along the vertical direction of the cavity body at intervals side by side, and the two ends of each degassing plate are separated from the inner side wall of the cavity body.
8. The method for detecting the online backwashing state of the sand filter according to claim 1, wherein: detection mechanism including set up in the light of relative both sides takes place and handles subassembly and light and turn to the subassembly around the detection room, light takes place and handles the subassembly and include the circuit board, be provided with laser generator, main reflecting prism and a photoelectric sensor on the circuit board, the laser that laser generator sent is after main reflecting prism, light turn to the subassembly and detection room in proper order, by a photoelectric sensor receives, light turns to the subassembly and includes the supplementary reflecting prism of two relative settings.
9. The method for detecting the online backwashing state of the sand filter according to claim 8, wherein: and a second photoelectric sensor is arranged on the light-emitting side of the light steering component in front of the detection chamber.
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| CN202210198974.XA CN114377442B (en) | 2022-03-01 | 2022-03-01 | On-line backwashing state detection method for sand filter |
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| CN202210198974.XA CN114377442B (en) | 2022-03-01 | 2022-03-01 | On-line backwashing state detection method for sand filter |
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| CN114377442B true CN114377442B (en) | 2023-03-21 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203208745U (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-09-25 | 董岩 | Backwash water volume controller of sewage filtering tank |
| CN204159083U (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-18 | 同济大学 | A kind of high performance pressure formula filter |
| DK3552679T3 (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2023-09-18 | Passavant Geiger Gmbh | HORIZONTAL FLOW-THROUGH SAND FILTER POOL AND WATER TREATMENT METHOD THEREOF |
| CN206350941U (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-07-25 | 山东华通环境科技股份有限公司 | A kind of air water reverse flushing device for filter tank |
| CN106770489B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2020-05-01 | 华东交通大学 | Filter material swelling degree measuring system |
| CN213779816U (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2021-07-23 | 中国市政工程中南设计研究总院有限公司 | Device for measuring expansion rate of filter bed during backwashing of filter tank |
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