CN114368197A - 一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法，所述的铝塑膜由内至外由热封层、第一功能层、铝箔层、第二功能层、保护层构成，所述的第一功能层和第二功能层由改性聚氨酯和自修复微胶囊组成。本发明的铝塑膜中含有一层氧化石墨烯改性聚氨酯功能层直接替代常规的粘接层，既可起到粘接作用，也可起到耐电解液腐蚀作用，并且可提高软包锂离子电池的安全性能，一举多得。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于锂离子电池技术领域，具体涉及到一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
软包装锂离子电池现已成为一种应用广泛的可充电电池，主要是由正极、负极、隔膜、电解液、集流体和软包装铝塑膜组成。因锂离子电池中的有效成分化学性质非常活泼，空气中氧和水汽的渗入会导致着火甚至爆炸，因而外包装铝塑膜的内部应具有一定的耐电解液性及优良的阻隔性。
目前，软包装铝塑膜主要由尼龙层作为外保护层、铝箔作为中间绝缘层、流延聚丙烯层作为内热封层，每两层之间通过树脂胶粘剂复合而成。然而仍存在着铝箔中间阻隔层与流延聚丙烯热封层长期受电解液的腐蚀而脱落问题，从而导致铝箔层被腐蚀导致电池短路、胀气等一系列问题。因此，如何提供一种耐电解液腐蚀并且提高锂离子电池安全性能的铝塑膜，成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的一个重要技术问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法，旨在提高铝塑膜的耐电解液腐蚀性及软包锂离子电池的安全性能。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法，所述的铝塑膜由内至外由热封层、第一功能层、铝箔层、第二功能层、保护层构成，所述的第一功能层和第二功能层由改性聚氨酯和自修复微胶囊组成，所述的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按一定比例混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔其中一面，形成第一功能层，然后将热封层复合至第一功能层表面；
S2：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按一定比例混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔另一面，形成第二功能层，然后将保护层复合至第二功能层表面。
优先地，所述的改性聚氨酯为氧化石墨烯原位聚合聚氨酯。
所述的自修复微胶囊的壁材为聚氨酯，芯材为甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。优先地，芯材为甲苯二异氰酸酯。
所述的自修复微胶囊的质量为改性聚氨酯质量的1~20%。优先地，所述的自修复微胶囊的质量为改性聚氨酯质量的5~15%。
所述的第一功能层和第二功能层的厚度为1~10μm。优先地，所述的第一功能层和第二功能层的厚度为3~10μm。
所述的保护层为尼龙层和聚酯层中的一种，所述的热封层为CPP层。优先地，所述的保护层为尼龙层，所述的热封层为CPP层。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明的铝塑膜中含有一层氧化石墨烯改性聚氨酯功能层，可以大大地提高功能层的粘接性能以及耐电解液腐蚀性能，防止聚丙烯层老化破裂后电解液腐蚀铝箔层，同时功能层中含有自修复微胶囊，在软包锂离子电池遭到外界穿刺时，微胶囊中的芯材会流出，包覆在穿刺物的表面，提高穿刺物的阻抗，防止电池内部短路而造成热失控，同时芯材流出后可快速反应达到自修复的效果，保持穿刺部位的完整，此外该功能层直接替代常规的粘接层，既可起到粘接作用，也可起到耐电解液腐蚀作用，并且可提高软包锂离子电池的安全性能，一举多得。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述，本部分的描述仅是示范性和解释性，不应对本发明的保护范围有任何的限制作用。
实施例1：
S1：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按100：5的质量比混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔其中一面，形成厚度为5μm第一功能层，然后将热封层复合至第一功能层表面；
S2：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按100：5的质量比混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔另一面，形成厚度为5μm第二功能层，然后将保护层复合至第二功能层表面。
实施例2：
S1：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按100：10的质量比混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔其中一面，形成厚度为5μm第一功能层，然后将热封层复合至第一功能层表面；
S2：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按100：10的质量比混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔另一面，形成厚度为3μm第二功能层，然后将保护层复合至第二功能层表面。
实施例3：
S1：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按100：15的质量比混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔其中一面，形成厚度为5μm第一功能层，然后将热封层复合至第一功能层表面；
S2：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按100：15的质量比混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔另一面，形成厚度为5μm第二功能层，然后将保护层复合至第二功能层表面。
实施例4：
S1：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按100：10的质量比混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔其中一面，形成厚度为8μm第一功能层，然后将热封层复合至第一功能层表面；
S2：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按100：10的质量比混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔另一面，形成厚度为8μm第二功能层，然后将保护层复合至第二功能层表面。
实施例5：
S1：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按100：10的质量比混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔其中一面，形成厚度为10μm第一功能层，然后将热封层复合至第一功能层表面；
S2：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按100：10的质量比混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔另一面，形成厚度为10μm第二功能层，然后将保护层复合至第二功能层表面。
对比例1：
对比例1采用常规粘接层替代实施例4的功能层。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明的技术范围作出任何限制，故凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何细微修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明的技术方案范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述的铝塑膜由内至外由热封层、第一功能层、铝箔层、第二功能层、保护层构成，所述的第一功能层和第二功能层由改性聚氨酯和自修复微胶囊组成，所述的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按一定比例混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔其中一面，形成第一功能层，然后将热封层复合至第一功能层表面；
S2：将改性聚氨酯与自修复微胶囊按一定比例混合均匀，涂覆在铝箔另一面，形成第二功能层，然后将保护层复合至第二功能层表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法，特征在于，所述的改性聚氨酯为氧化石墨烯原位聚合聚氨酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述的自修复微胶囊的壁材为聚氨酯，芯材为甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1~3所述的一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述的自修复微胶囊的质量为改性聚氨酯质量的1~20%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述的第一功能层和第二功能层的厚度为1~10μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种软包锂离子电池耐腐蚀铝塑膜及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述的保护层为尼龙层和聚酯层中的一种，所述的热封层为CPP层。
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