CN114335633A - Near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and power generation method - Google Patents
Near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and power generation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114335633A CN114335633A CN202111569701.3A CN202111569701A CN114335633A CN 114335633 A CN114335633 A CN 114335633A CN 202111569701 A CN202111569701 A CN 202111569701A CN 114335633 A CN114335633 A CN 114335633A
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Abstract
The invention provides a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and a power generation method. The device comprises a ceramic shell, a first ceramic plate, a second ceramic plate, a direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber and a carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber, wherein the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber and the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber are formed by separating the ceramic shell, the first ceramic plate and the second ceramic plate; also included is a dual function ceramic membrane embedded in the first ceramic plate. The invention separately arranges the direct coal fuel cell reactor and the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reactor, and couples the reactors through the dual-function ceramic membrane, so that the carbon dioxide generated in the coal fuel cell power generation permeates the dual-function ceramic membrane to be transformed in situ, and the invention is practicalThe nearly zero carbon emission of the existing coal power generation; the mode that the difunctional ceramic membrane is embedded into the center of the plate and the tubular fuel cells are distributed around is adopted, the feasibility of construction and construction is realized, the structure is compact, and CO is avoided2Gas pressure flow loss caused by pipeline transportation and thermodynamic loss caused by temperature reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemistry, in particular to a near-zero-carbon-emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and a power generation method.
Background
At present, a direct coal fuel cell stack serving as an efficient coal power generation device can release a large amount of CO in the process of generating power by utilizing electrochemical oxidation of coal2However, the prior art does not address the CO produced2The gas is effectively treated. CO 22As a main greenhouse gas, direct discharge into the atmosphere can increase global warming and cause damage to the environment. Therefore, how to effectively utilize CO generated by electrochemical oxidation power generation of coal2Realization of CO2The coupling of in situ conversion to a direct coal fuel cell stack and the realization of continuous delivery of coal fuel remains a gap in the art.
Therefore, the prior art has yet to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and method with near-zero carbon emission, which aims to solve the problem in the prior art that the direct coal fuel cell stack releases a large amount of CO during the electrochemical oxidation discharge of coal2The problem of not being effectively treated.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant, comprising: a ceramic shell with a hollow interior; a first ceramic plate and a second ceramic plate disposed within the ceramic housing; the tubular fuel cell stack, the coal fuel feeding pipe and the coal fuel waste discharging pipe penetrate through the first ceramic plate and the second ceramic plate; a catalytic-mineralization transforming reactant feed pipe and a chemical product collection pipe extending through the second ceramic plate; a bifunctional ceramic membrane embedded on said first ceramic plate.
The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device further comprises an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe which are arranged at the top of the tubular fuel cell stack.
The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device is characterized in that the ceramic shell is separated by the first ceramic plate and the second ceramic plate to form a direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber and a carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber.
The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device is characterized in that the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber is provided with coal fuel.
The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device is characterized in that the tubular fuel cell stack comprises at least one tubular fuel cell, and the tubular fuel cell consists of an anode layer inside a tube, a cathode layer outside the tube and an electrolyte arranged between the anode layer and the cathode layer.
Nearly zero carbon discharges direct coal fuel cell stack power generation facility, wherein, first ceramic plate with second ceramic plate parallel arrangement, include four at least first holes on the first ceramic plate, include five at least second holes on the second ceramic plate.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for generating electricity by using the near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
feeding coal fuel into a direct coal fuel cell reactor through a coal fuel feeding pipe;
introducing air from an air inlet pipe, carrying out electrochemical reaction with the coal fuel to generate power, and generating carbon dioxide gas;
the generated carbon dioxide gas permeates the bifunctional ceramic membrane and reaches the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization conversion reaction chamber;
and introducing the reactant from the catalytic-mineralization transformation reactant feeding pipe, and carrying out chemical reaction with the carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralization transformation reaction chamber to generate a chemical product.
The power generation method of the near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device comprises the following specific reaction processes that air introduced from an air inlet pipe and the coal fuel generate electrochemical reaction to generate power and generate carbon dioxide gas:
oxygen contained in the air obtains electrons on a cathode layer of the tubular fuel cell to generate oxygen ions; and the oxygen ions penetrate through the electrolyte layer to reach the anode layer in the tubular fuel cell, and are subjected to electrochemical reaction with the coal fuel at the anode layer to generate carbon dioxide, and electrons are released to an external circuit to form a complete current loop for power generation.
The power generation method of the near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device comprises the following steps that the working temperature of a reaction chamber of the direct coal fuel cell stack is 750-800 ℃; the working temperature of the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber is 50 ℃ higher than that of the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization conversion reaction chamber.
The power generation method of the near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device is characterized in that reactants introduced from the catalytic-mineralization transformation reactant feeding pipe comprise one or more of gas and serpentine.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and a power generation method. The device comprises: a ceramic shell with a hollow interior; the ceramic shell is internally provided with a first ceramic plate and a second ceramic plate in sequence; the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber and the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber are formed by separating a ceramic shell, a first ceramic plate and a second ceramic plate; tubular fuel cell stack penetrating through first ceramic plate and second ceramic plate, coal fuel feeding pipe and coalA fuel exhaust pipe; a bifunctional ceramic membrane embedded on the first ceramic plate; a catalytic-mineralization transforming reactant feeding pipe and a chemical product collecting pipe which penetrate through the second ceramic plate; an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe provided at the top of the tube fuel cell stack; and coal fuel disposed in the direct coal fuel cell reactor. When the device works, the coal fuel in the reaction chamber of the direct coal fuel cell stack and the introduced air generate electrochemical reaction to generate electricity and generate carbon dioxide gas; and then, the generated carbon dioxide gas permeates the bifunctional ceramic membrane, reaches the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber, and chemically reacts with reactants introduced into the catalysis-mineralization transformation reactant feeding pipe to generate a high value-added product. According to the invention, the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber and the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber are separately arranged and coupled through the dual-functional ceramic membrane, so that the in-situ transformation of carbon dioxide is realized, the problem that the carbon dioxide gas generated by the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation cannot be effectively treated is well solved, and the near-zero carbon emission of the coal power generation can be realized; the mode that the difunctional ceramic membrane is embedded into the center of the plate and the tubular fuel cells are distributed around is adopted, the feasibility of device construction is realized, the structure is compact, and CO is avoided2The pipeline transportation brings about gas pressure flow loss and thermodynamic loss caused by temperature reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a near zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first ceramic plate of a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second ceramic plate of a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a preferred method for generating electricity in a near zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a ceramic shell; 2-a first ceramic plate; 3-a second ceramic plate; 4-direct coal fuel cell reactor chamber; 5-a carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber; 6-tube fuel cell; 7-coal fuel feed pipe; 8-coal fuel waste pipe; 9-catalytic-mineralization transformation reactant feeding pipe; 10-chemical product collecting pipe; an 11-bifunctional ceramic membrane; 12-an air inlet duct; 13-air outlet duct; 14-high temperature sealant. The holes 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and 2-4 are positioned on the first ceramic plate 2; the holes 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5 are located on the second ceramic plate 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and a power generation method, and the invention is further described in detail below in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and clearer. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, as shown in figures 1-3, comprising: a ceramic case 1 having a hollow interior; a first ceramic plate 2 and a second ceramic plate 3 which are arranged in the ceramic shell 1 in sequence; the first ceramic plate 2 and the second ceramic plate 3 divide the interior of the ceramic housing 1 into a direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber 4 and a carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralization transformation reaction chamber 5. At least one tubular fuel cell 6, a coal fuel feeding pipe 7 and a coal fuel waste discharging pipe 8 are arranged in the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber 4; at least one feeding pipe 9 for catalytic-mineralized conversion reactant and a chemical product collecting pipe 10 are arranged in the carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralized conversion reaction chamber 5. At least one bifunctional ceramic membrane 11 is arranged on said first ceramic plate 2. The first ceramic plate 2 is also provided with at least four holes 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and 2-4; at least five holes 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4 and 3-5 are formed in the second ceramic plate 3; the tubular fuel cell 6, the coal fuel feeding pipe 7 and the coal fuel waste discharging pipe 8 respectively penetrate through the holes 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 of the first ceramic plate 2 and the holes 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 of the second ceramic plate 3; the catalytic mineralization conversion reactant feeding pipe 9 and the chemical product collecting pipe 10 respectively penetrate through the holes 3-4 and 3-5 of the second ceramic plate 3; the bifunctional ceramic membrane 11 is mounted in the holes 2-4 of the first ceramic plate 2. The tube fuel cell stack is also provided with an air inlet tube 12 and an air outlet tube 13.
During the operation of the power generation device, air is introduced from the air inlet pipe 12, and electrons are generated in the pipe of the tubular fuel cell 62-，O2-Electrochemically reacts with the coal fuel outside the tubular fuel cell 6, and carbon dioxide is generated while electrons are released to the outside. The generated carbon dioxide gas permeates through the bifunctional ceramic membrane 11 and reaches the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber 5; the reactant introduced from the catalytic mineralization conversion reactant feeding pipe 9 and carbon dioxide gas are subjected to chemical reaction in the carbon dioxide catalytic mineralization conversion reaction chamber 5.
In some embodiments, the direct coal fuel cell reactor 4 is configured with coal fuel, which may be pyrolyzed to avoid poisoning the anode catalyst by sulfur-containing gases in small quantities contained in the raw coal gasification gas. For example, when the anode catalyst is Ni particles, the sulfur-containing gas may cause the catalyst Ni particles to be sulfided to form NiS, Ni3SxThe use of pyrolytically treated coal char can avoid such a situation when low catalytically active substances are used.
In some embodiments, the near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant employs a tubular fuel cell stack comprising at least one tubular fuel cell consisting of an anode layer inside the tube and a cathode layer outside the tube, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The anode layer is a Ni and electrolyte powder composite porous anode adopted by the traditional solid oxide fuel cell; the electrolyte is a commonly used cationic electrolyte, such as 8 mol% Y2O3-ZrO2、Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9、Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9And the like; the cathode layer is mainly composed of the above electrolyte material and cathode material commonly used in solid oxide battery, such as (La)0.80Sr0.20)0.95MnO3、(La0.60Sr0.40)0.95Co0.20Fe0.80O3And the like.
In some embodiments, the first and second ceramic plates 2 and 3 separate the interior of the ceramic housing 1 into a direct coal fuel cell stack reactor chamber 4, and a carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralization conversion reactor chamber 5. According to the invention, the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber and the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber are arranged in the same shell, the whole equipment has a compact structure, the loss of gas transmission pipelines is small, the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction of the cell can maintain the temperature of the cell stack in the modes of shell heat conduction, heat radiation and the like, external heating is not required, and the power generation efficiency of the equipment can be improved.
In some embodiments, a coal fuel feed pipe 7 is also provided on the power plant in communication with the direct coal fuel cell reactor 4. The coal fuel feeding pipe 7 is used for adding coal powder into the direct coal fuel cell reactor 4, so that the circulation and continuous supply of coal are realized. In a specific embodiment, the control of the adding rate and the adding amount of the pulverized coal of the coal fuel feeding pipe 7 can control the power generation amount of the pile: when the demand on electric power is small, the galvanic pile works under low current, and the CO generation rate can be controlled by reducing the coal powder adding rate or the coal powder quantity so as to reduce the electrochemical reaction rate and reduce the output power; conversely, when the demand for electric power is large, the amount or rate of addition of pulverized coal may be increased.
In some embodiments, the power generation device is further provided with a coal fuel waste pipe 8 communicated with the direct coal fuel cell reactor 4. Inert coal particles in the direct coal fuel cell reactor chamber 4 settle at the bottom of the direct coal fuel cell reactor chamber, and after accumulation for a period of time, the coal fuel waste discharge pipe 5 can be opened to perform waste discharge operation, so that the rapid and continuous supply of active coal fuel is ensured.
In some embodiments, the first ceramic plate 2 and the first ceramic plate 3 are arranged in parallel, and at least four first holes 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4 are formed in the first ceramic plate 2; at least five second holes 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4 and 3-5 are formed in the second ceramic plate 3; the tubular fuel cell 6, the coal fuel feeding pipe 7 and the coal fuel waste discharging pipe 8 respectively penetrate through the first holes 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 of the first ceramic plate 2 and the second holes 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 of the second ceramic plate 3; the catalytic mineralization conversion reactant feeding pipe 9 and the chemical product collecting pipe 10 respectively penetrate through the second holes 3-4 and 3-5 of the second ceramic plate 3; the dual-function ceramic membrane 11 is mounted in the first holes 2-4 of the first ceramic plate 2. In some embodiments, the holes 2-1 of the first ceramic plate 2 and the holes 3-1 of the second ceramic plate 3 are symmetrically disposed, and if the holes 2-1 are disposed at the center of the first ceramic plate 2, the holes 3-1 are also disposed at the center of the second ceramic plate 3. The tubular fuel cell 6 is installed on the symmetrical holes of the first ceramic plate 2 and the second ceramic plate 3, so that the tubular fuel cell 6 is perpendicular to the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber 4, thereby reducing the internal stress and prolonging the service life of the cell. Similarly, the holes 2-2 of the first ceramic plate 2 and the holes 3-2 of the second ceramic plate 3 are symmetrically arranged, and the coal fuel feeding pipes 7 are arranged on the symmetrical holes of the first ceramic plate 2 and the second ceramic plate 3; holes 2-3 on the first ceramic plate 2 and holes 3-3 on the second ceramic plate 3 are symmetrically arranged, and the coal fuel waste discharge pipe 8 is arranged on the symmetrical holes of the first ceramic plate 2 and the second ceramic plate 3.
In some embodiments, the size of the holes 2-1 and 3-1 matches the size of the cross-sectional area of the tubular fuel cell 6 at both ends and the size of the cross-sectional area at both ends. If the cross sections of the two ends of the tubular fuel cell 6 are rectangular, the hole 2-1 and the hole 3-1 are also rectangular, and if the cross sections of the two ends of the tubular fuel cell 6 are circular, the hole 2-1 and the hole 3-1 are also circular. And the areas of the holes 2-1 and 3-1 are slightly larger than the cross sections of the two ends of the tubular fuel cell 6, so that the two ends of the tubular fuel cell 6 are just inserted into the holes 2-1 and 3-1. Furthermore, in order to enable the CO generated in the reactor chamber 4 of the direct coal fuel cell stack2Diffuse only through the bifunctional ceramic membrane 11 toThe carbon dioxide catalyzing-mineralizing conversion reaction chamber 5 can not flow into other places to cause carbon dioxide emission, and the tubular fuel cell 6 is hermetically connected with the holes 2-1 and 3-1 through a high-temperature sealant 14 in the embodiment. And the operating temperature of the high temperature sealant 14 must be higher than the operating temperature of the tubular fuel cell 6. Specifically, the high-temperature sealant 14 is a 1250 ℃ resistant high-temperature glass sealant.
In some embodiments, the tubular fuel cell stack may include a plurality of tubular fuel cells. Correspondingly, set up the first hole and the second hole of corresponding quantity on first ceramic plate and the second ceramic plate, just first hole and second hole symmetry set up, and a plurality of tubular fuel cell run through in a plurality of first holes and the second hole that set up. Similarly, the size of the first hole and the second hole is matched with the size of the two ends of the tubular fuel cell and the size of the cross section area of the two ends, and the area setting is slightly larger than the area of the cross section area of the two ends of the tubular fuel cell. The tubular fuel cell is hermetically connected with the corresponding hole through high-temperature sealant.
In some embodiments, at least one catalytic-mineralization conversion reactant feeding pipe 9 and a chemical product collecting pipe 10 are arranged in the carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralization conversion reaction chamber 5. At least one bifunctional ceramic membrane 11 is arranged on said first ceramic plate 2. The dual-functional ceramic membrane has the functions of carbon dioxide permeation and catalysis, carbon dioxide generated by direct coal fuel cell stack reaction permeates into the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber through the dual-functional ceramic membrane and reacts with reactants introduced into the catalysis-mineralization transformation reactant feeding pipe, and high value-added products are generated. And then, the generated high value-added products can be collected through a chemical product collecting pipe. The invention can lead the generated carbon dioxide to complete the in-situ conversion by separately arranging the direct coal fuel cell reactor chamber and the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization conversion reaction chamber and arranging the dual-functional ceramic membrane with the functions of permeation and carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization conversion between the direct coal fuel cell reactor chamber and the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization conversion reaction chamber.
In some embodiments, the bifunctional ceramic membrane comprises a permeable membrane and a catalyst. After passing through the permeable membrane, the carbon dioxide gas reacts with the reactant introduced into the catalytic-mineralization transformation reactant feeding pipe under the action of the catalyst.
In some embodiments, the bifunctional ceramic membrane comprises a porous oxygen ion conductor electrolyte and catalyst composite as a matrix, wherein an alkali metal carbonate is impregnated into the matrix.
In some embodiments, the catalyst of the bifunctional ceramic membrane is La0.7Sr0.3Fe0.8Ni0.2O3-δ(LSFN), but is not limited thereto, and may also be any other suitable perovskite catalyst, such as La0.7Sr0.3Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(LSCF)，La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-δ。
In some embodiments, the power plant further comprises an air inlet duct 12 and an air outlet duct 13. The air introduced from the air inlet pipe 12 obtains electron production O on the cathode of the tube fuel cell 62-，O2-The anode layer in the tubular fuel cell 6 is driven by concentration difference and potential difference to pass through the electrolyte layer, and electrochemical reaction is carried out between the anode layer and the coal material, and electrons are discharged to an external circuit to form a complete current loop, so that power generation is realized. And the air that becomes oxygen-deficient is directly discharged to the outside through the air outlet pipe 13, thereby increasing the air circulation inside the tube type fuel cell 6, which is advantageous for accelerating the electrochemical reaction of the tube type fuel cell 6.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber and the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber are separately arranged, and the dual-function ceramic membrane with the functions of carbon dioxide permeation catalysis-mineralization transformation is arranged between the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber and the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber, so that carbon dioxide generated by the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction can permeate into the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber and complete in-situ transformation, and high value-added products generated in the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber can be collected through the chemical product collecting pipe. Moreover, compared with a primary single cell (such as a direct coal fuel cell) which can not be added with fuel, the dual-functional ceramic membrane fuel cell realizes the coupling of the dual-functional ceramic membrane and a direct coal fuel cell stack and realizes the continuous delivery of the coal fuel.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a power generation method of the near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, which comprises the following steps of:
s100, feeding coal fuel into a direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber through a coal fuel feed pipe;
s200, introducing air from an air inlet pipe, carrying out electrochemical reaction with the coal fuel to generate power, and generating carbon dioxide gas;
s300, permeating the generated carbon dioxide gas through the dual-function ceramic membrane to reach a carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber;
s400, introducing a reactant from the feed pipe of the catalytic-mineralization conversion reactant, and carrying out chemical reaction with carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralization conversion reaction chamber to generate a chemical product.
In some embodiments, the specific reaction process of step S200 includes:
oxygen contained in the air obtains electrons on a cathode layer of the tubular fuel cell to generate oxygen ions; and the oxygen ions penetrate through the electrolyte layer to reach the anode layer in the tubular fuel cell, and are subjected to electrochemical reaction with the coal fuel at the anode layer to generate carbon dioxide, and electrons are released to an external circuit to form a complete current loop for power generation.
In some embodiments, the specific reaction is:
and (3) anode area reaction: c +2O2-＝CO2+4e-；
And (3) cathode region reaction: 2O2+4e-＝2O2-。
In some embodiments, the operating temperature of the direct coal fuel cell stack reactor chamber is 750-. The working temperature of the tubular fuel cell is 750-800 ℃ to avoid the influence on the long-term stability of the whole device due to overhigh temperature and ensure that the whole device is in a self-maintaining state,
in some embodiments, the operating temperature of the direct coal fuel cell stack reactor is 50 ℃ higher than the operating temperature of the carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralization reforming reactor, such that the rate of carbon dioxide production from the direct coal fuel cell stack reactor matches the rate of carbon dioxide consumption from the carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralization reforming reactor. Moreover, the heat conducted from the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber to the carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralization reforming reaction chamber can maintain the working temperature of the carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralization reforming reaction chamber at 700-750 ℃.
In some embodiments, in step S400, the reactant introduced from the catalytic-mineralization transforming reactant feed line includes one or more of gas, serpentine, but is not limited thereto. The purpose of introducing the reactant is to enable the reactant to react with carbon dioxide gas generated when the power generation equipment generates power, so as to generate a high value-added product. In the case of introducing gas, the main component is methane (CH)4). After the methane reaches the bifunctional ceramic membrane, the methane is directly reformed with the permeated carbon dioxide gas on the bifunctional ceramic membrane, and the carbon dioxide gas is converted into the synthesis gas consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in situ. The specific reaction formula is as follows: CO 22+CH4＝CO+2H2。
In summary, the invention provides a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and a power generation method. The device comprises: a ceramic shell with a hollow interior; the ceramic shell is internally provided with a first ceramic plate and a second ceramic plate in sequence; the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber and the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber are formed by separating a ceramic shell, a first ceramic plate and a second ceramic plate; the tubular fuel cell stack, the coal fuel feeding pipe and the coal fuel waste discharging pipe penetrate through the first ceramic plate and the second ceramic plate; a bifunctional ceramic membrane embedded on the first ceramic plate; a catalytic-mineralization transforming reactant feeding pipe and a chemical product collecting pipe which penetrate through the second ceramic plate; an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe provided at the top of the tube fuel cell stack; and coal fuel disposed in the direct coal fuel cell reactor. When the device works, the coal fuel in the reaction chamber of the direct coal fuel cell stack and the introduced air generate electrochemical reactionGenerating power and generating carbon dioxide gas; and then, the generated carbon dioxide gas permeates the bifunctional ceramic membrane, reaches the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber, and chemically reacts with reactants introduced into the catalysis-mineralization transformation reactant feeding pipe to generate a high value-added product. According to the invention, the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber and the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization transformation reaction chamber are separately arranged and coupled through the dual-functional ceramic membrane, so that the in-situ transformation of carbon dioxide is realized, the problem that the carbon dioxide gas generated by the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation cannot be effectively treated is well solved, and the near-zero carbon emission of the coal power generation can be realized; the mode that the difunctional ceramic membrane is embedded into the center of the plate and the tubular fuel cells are distributed around is adopted, the feasibility of device construction is realized, the structure is compact, and CO is avoided2The pipeline transportation brings about gas pressure flow loss and thermodynamic loss caused by temperature reduction.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A near zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant, comprising: a ceramic shell with a hollow interior; a first ceramic plate and a second ceramic plate disposed within the ceramic housing; the tubular fuel cell stack, the coal fuel feeding pipe and the coal fuel waste discharging pipe penetrate through the first ceramic plate and the second ceramic plate; a catalytic-mineralization transforming reactant feed pipe and a chemical product collection pipe extending through the second ceramic plate; a bifunctional ceramic membrane embedded on said first ceramic plate.
2. The near zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 1, further comprising an air inlet duct and an air outlet duct disposed at the top of the tubular fuel cell stack.
3. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 1, wherein the first and second ceramic plates separate the ceramic housing to form a direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber and a carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralization conversion reaction chamber.
4. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 3, wherein the direct coal fuel cell stack reactor chamber is provided with coal fuel.
5. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 1, wherein the tubular fuel cell stack comprises at least one tubular fuel cell consisting of an anode layer inside a tube and a cathode layer outside the tube, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer.
6. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 1, wherein the first ceramic plate and the second ceramic plate are arranged in parallel, the first ceramic plate including at least four first holes therein, the second ceramic plate including at least five second holes therein.
7. A method of generating electricity for a near zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
feeding coal fuel into a direct coal fuel cell reactor through a coal fuel feeding pipe;
introducing air from an air inlet pipe, carrying out electrochemical reaction with the coal fuel to generate power, and generating carbon dioxide gas;
the generated carbon dioxide gas permeates the bifunctional ceramic membrane and reaches the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization conversion reaction chamber;
and introducing the reactant from the catalytic-mineralization transformation reactant feeding pipe, and carrying out chemical reaction with the carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide catalytic-mineralization transformation reaction chamber to generate a chemical product.
8. The method for generating power by using a near-zero-carbon-emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device according to claim 7, wherein the specific reaction process of generating power by electrochemically reacting air introduced from an air inlet pipe with the coal fuel and generating carbon dioxide gas comprises:
oxygen contained in the air obtains electrons on a cathode layer of the tubular fuel cell to generate oxygen ions; and the oxygen ions penetrate through the electrolyte layer to reach the anode layer in the tubular fuel cell, and are subjected to electrochemical reaction with the coal fuel at the anode layer to generate carbon dioxide, and electrons are released to an external circuit to form a complete current loop for power generation.
9. The method for generating power by using a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the operating temperature of the reaction chamber of the direct coal fuel cell stack is 750-800 ℃; the working temperature of the direct coal fuel cell stack reaction chamber is 50 ℃ higher than that of the carbon dioxide catalysis-mineralization conversion reaction chamber.
10. The method of generating power for a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell stack power plant of claim 7, wherein the reactants introduced from the catalytic-mineralization-conversion reactant feed line comprise one or more of gas, serpentine.
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