CN114328335A - Method and device for extending UART communication interface of intelligent home gateway - Google Patents
Method and device for extending UART communication interface of intelligent home gateway Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for extending a UART communication interface of an intelligent home gateway, which comprises a power supply unit, a main control CPU and a single-chip microcomputer MCU, wherein the main control CPU and the single-chip microcomputer MCU are respectively provided with one path of UART as extension management UART, and the two extension management UART are connected together and used as a carrier for extending a UART communication protocol. The invention also provides a method for extending the UART communication interface of the intelligent home gateway, which realizes a mechanism that a multi-path extended UART interface communicates with different equipment for the main control CPU through additional MCU hardware.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent home communication, and particularly relates to a method and a device for extending a UART communication interface by an intelligent home gateway.
Background
The intelligent home utilizes internet technology and internet of things technology, facilitates human life activities, improves comfort, safety, convenience and energy efficiency ratio of home activities, improves efficiency and reduces energy consumption when building a comfortable living environment.
In the application of intelligent home, various controlled intelligent home devices are connected to the cloud service platform through the multifunctional intelligent home gateway by using a network line, a user communicates with the cloud platform through a mobile phone APP, the cloud platform is used as a central communication hub to realize data communication with the intelligent home gateway, and the intelligent home gateway performs operation control on various devices according to instructions of the user.
In the smart home system, the number and the types of the controlled devices are closely related to the functions provided by the system.
The intelligent home gateway and the large-scale equipment are communicated in a wired mode, and due to the fact that communication interface parameters and communication protocols are different, each type of equipment usually needs to occupy a corresponding hardware communication interface.
Patent No. CN201410445058.7 is an autonomous path adaptation device and method for UART serial port expansion, which realizes an expansion mechanism by adding an adaptation logic operation module and performing preemptive path switching by using the falling edge information of the slave port start frame. This approach has the problem that multiple slave ports cannot operate simultaneously.
Patent number CN200810067770.2 proposes a digital circuit technology using serial port transmission, and in particular relates to a serial port extension method and device, in which a UART serial communication port is used in the method, and a GPIO and level conversion and decoder chip are used in cooperation to implement a mechanism for switching communication with multiple extended serial ports, and the mechanism also has a disadvantage that it cannot communicate with multiple serial ports at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for extending a UART communication interface of an intelligent home gateway, which are used for extending UART resources of a main control CPU.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention discloses a device for extending a UART communication interface of an intelligent home gateway, which comprises a power supply unit, a main control CPU and a single-chip microcomputer MCU, wherein the main control CPU and the single-chip microcomputer MCU are respectively provided with a path of UART as extended management UART, and the two extended management UARTs are connected together to be used as a carrier for extending a UART communication protocol.
Further, the power supply unit supplies power to the main control CPU and the single chip microcomputer MCU respectively.
The invention also discloses a method for extending the UART communication interface of the intelligent home gateway, which comprises the following steps of (1) distributing one path of UART as extension management UART respectively between the main control CPU and the single chip microcomputer MCU, and connecting the two extension management UART together as a carrier for extending UART communication protocol;
(2) setting an extended UART manager, wherein multiple paths of extended UARTs are correspondingly set in the extended UART manager according to the number of UARTs which can be used for extended management of a single-chip microcomputer MCU, and each path of extended UART is in corresponding relation with one path of hardware UART interfaces on the single-chip microcomputer MCU;
(3) when the main control CPU establishes communication with a certain path of equipment corresponding to the extended management UART, firstly, a command for initializing the corresponding UART is sent to an extended UART manager;
(4) if the UART which is communicated with the single-chip microcomputer MCU by the extended UART manager is not started, starting communication management UART, and transmitting a protocol instruction for starting the corresponding extended UART, namely an extended UART communication protocol, to the single-chip microcomputer MCU by the extended UART manager, wherein the protocol instruction carries communication parameters for initializing the corresponding UART;
(5) the main control CPU program receives the corresponding reply, identifies the corresponding extended UART as a ready state, transmits a device communication protocol, and subscribes an extended UART data receiving event for a corresponding device communication processing method subprogram so as to receive and process the data received by the corresponding extended UART;
(6) and when the protocol is an extended communication type, the MCU transmits the communication data carried in the extended communication protocol to the corresponding extended UART according to the original data format after decoding.
(7) And the main control CPU receives the encoded extended UART communication protocol transmitted by the MCU, decodes the protocol, separates the ID identification and the original equipment communication data of the corresponding UART when recognizing the protocol as a data communication protocol, and transmits the ID identification and the original equipment communication data to the corresponding extended UART processing subsystem for equipment protocol processing.
Further, in the step (3), the extended UART manager first determines whether the UART for communicating with the MCU of the single chip microcomputer is initialized to be turned on according to the internal on or off status flag, and if not, first turns on the UART using the agreed communication parameters and sets the status flag to true.
Further, in step (4), the communication parameters include UART serial number, baud rate, data bits, parity check bits, and stop bits.
Further, in the step (4), the MCU program of the single chip microcomputer is started according to the appointed communication parameters in a default mode when being electrified
The UART is in extended management with the CPU; when the MCU receives the extended UART transmitted by the main control CPU
When the communication protocol is initialized, the MCU program of the single chip microcomputer decodes the instruction, initializes the corresponding UART interface according to the instruction, and replies the main control CPU program to be ready.
Further, in step (5), when the main control CPU main program receives the internal device communication subprogram system call
And transmitting an instruction for expanding UART data, encoding the data to be transmitted according to an expanded UART communication protocol, and transmitting the encoded protocol data to the MCU by utilizing the UART which is communicated with the MCU.
Further, in the step (6), the UART for extension management on the single chip receives the information sent by the intelligent household equipment
Sending or responding data, encoding the data, carrying the ID identification and the communication data of the extended UART in the encoded data, and then sending the encoded data to the main control CPU.
Further, in step (7), the main control CPU receives the extended UART protocol data, decodes the data according to the extended protocol, separates the identification ID of the extended UART and the communication data, delivers the data to the handler subscribed to the corresponding extended UART reception event according to the extended UART identification ID, and delivers the data to the handler subsystem for processing the protocol data.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a method and a device for expanding UART resources of a master control CPU (Central processing Unit) by designing and realizing UART communication between the master control CPU and a single chip microcomputer MCU (micro control Unit) and utilizing the UART hardware resources on a slave MCU (micro control Unit) based on a communication protocol and hardware design.
The invention realizes a method and a device for expanding a UART communication interface in an intelligent home gateway, and is used for solving the problem that in practical application, the UART resource of a main control CPU is insufficient and more devices cannot be connected.
The invention is a flexible and low-cost efficient UART extension solution, and has good application in practical product application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a UART connection diagram of an intelligent home gateway apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of initialization of the extended UART according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a transmission process of the extended UART communication according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a receiving process of the extended UART communication according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Example 1
The invention relates to a device for extending a UART communication interface of an intelligent home gateway, which comprises a power supply unit, a main control CPU chip and a single-chip microcomputer MCU chip, wherein the main control CPU chip and the single-chip microcomputer MCU chip are respectively provided with one path of UART as extension management UART, and the two extension management UART are connected together to be used as a carrier for extending a UART communication protocol.
And the power supply unit is used for supplying power to the main control CPU chip and the singlechip MCU chip respectively.
Example 2
Reference is made to fig. 1-4. The invention also provides a method for extending the UART communication interface of the intelligent home gateway, which comprises the following steps that (1) one path of UART is respectively distributed between the main control CPU and the single chip microcomputer MCU to be used as an extension management UART, and the two extension management UARTs are connected together to be used as a carrier for extending the UART communication protocol.
(2) And setting an extended UART manager, and correspondingly setting a plurality of paths of extended UARTs in the extended UART manager according to the number of the UARTs which can be used for extension of the single-chip microcomputer MCU. Each path of extended UART corresponds to one path of hardware UART interface on the single-chip microcomputer MCU. The main control manages, and the single chip microcomputer only processes analysis and forwarding.
For further explanation: the extended UART is virtual, and the UART except the UART is extended and managed on the corresponding single chip microcomputer without connection. Referring to fig. 1, the device is actually connected with the single chip UART, and the invention leads the main control CPU to think that the device is connected with the own extended UART through the extended UART management.
(3) The main control CPU needs to establish communication with a certain path of equipment corresponding to the extended management UART, and firstly sends a command for initializing the corresponding UART to an extended UART manager;
the extended UART manager firstly judges whether the UART used for communicating with the MCU of the single chip microcomputer is initialized to be started or not according to an internal starting or closing state mark, if the UART is not started, firstly, the UART is started by using appointed communication parameters, and the state mark is set to be true. The communication parameters used in this embodiment are 115200, N, 8, 1.
(4) If the UART which is communicated with the single-chip microcomputer MCU by the extended UART manager is not started, starting communication management UART, and transmitting a protocol instruction for starting the corresponding extended UART, namely an extended UART communication protocol, to the single-chip microcomputer MCU by the extended UART manager, wherein the protocol instruction carries communication parameters for initializing the corresponding UART;
if the UART which is communicated with the single-chip microcomputer MCU by the extended UART manager is started, the extended UART manager sends a protocol instruction for starting the corresponding extended UART to the single-chip microcomputer MCU, namely, an extended UART communication protocol, wherein the protocol instruction carries communication parameters for initializing the corresponding UART, and the communication parameters comprise a UART serial number, a baud rate, a data bit, an odd-even check bit and a stop bit.
When the MCU of the singlechip is powered on (the power-on initialization of the singlechip is earlier than that of the main control CPU), the extended management UART (refer to figure 1) communicated with the CPU is started by default according to the appointed communication parameters. When the single-chip microcomputer MCU receives an extended UART initialization instruction (extended communication protocol) sent by the main control CPU, the communication protocol instruction comprises a protocol instruction type (setting) and initialization related parameter data, the single-chip microcomputer MCU program decodes the instruction, initializes a corresponding UART interface according to the instruction, and replies the main control CPU program to be ready;
(5) and the main control CPU program receives the corresponding reply, marks the corresponding extended UART into a ready state, can transmit the equipment communication protocol, and subscribes an extended UART data receiving event for the corresponding equipment communication processing method subprogram so as to receive and process the data received by the corresponding extended UART.
When the main control CPU main program receives an instruction for calling and sending extended UART data by an internal equipment communication subprogram system, the data to be sent is encoded according to extended UART protocol specifications, the encoding comprises ID identification of the extended UART, protocol instruction type (communication) and communication data, and then the encoded protocol data is sent to the MCU by utilizing the UART which is communicated with the MCU.
The main control CPU receives the extended UART protocol data, decodes the data according to the extended protocol, separates out the identification ID and the communication data of the extended UART, delivers the data to the processing program which subscribes the corresponding extended UART receiving event according to the extended UART identification ID, and delivers the data to the processing program subsystem to process the protocol data.
(6) The MCU receives an extended UART communication protocol sent by the main control CPU, decodes the protocol, and sends communication data carried in the extended communication protocol to a corresponding extended UART according to the original data format after decoding when the protocol is of an extended communication type;
the UART for extension on the single chip receives the data sent or responded by the intelligent home equipment, encodes the data, carries the ID identification and the communication data of the extended UART in the encoded data, and then sends the encoded data to the main control CPU.
The main control CPU receives the extended UART protocol data, decodes the data according to the extended protocol, separates out the identification ID and the communication data of the extended UART, delivers the data to the processing program which subscribes the corresponding extended UART receiving event according to the extended UART identification ID, and delivers the data to the processing program subsystem to process the protocol data.
(7) And the main control CPU receives the encoded extended UART communication protocol transmitted by the MCU, decodes the protocol, separates the ID identification and the original equipment communication data of the corresponding UART when recognizing the protocol as a data communication protocol, and transmits the ID identification and the original equipment communication data to the corresponding extended UART processing subsystem for equipment protocol processing.
In the step (7), the main control CPU receives the extended UART protocol data, decodes the data according to the extended protocol, separates out the identification ID and the communication data of the extended UART, delivers the data to the processing program subscribed with the corresponding extended UART receiving event according to the extended UART identification ID, and delivers the data to the processing program subsystem for processing the protocol data.
The intelligent home gateway adopts an ARM core CPU, the CPU supports 4 paths of UART communication interfaces, but one path of UART communication interface is a default system debugging terminal interface, and is not suitable for being used as an equipment interface, and only 3 paths of UART interfaces which can be practically used for equipment connection are adopted.
In practical use of the system, at least 5 paths of UART interfaces (the hardware interface part is RS485 level) are needed for butting a central air conditioner, a floor heating device, a fresh air device, a light controller and a home security terminal.
In order to solve the problem of insufficient hardware UART resources of a CPU, the invention designs a method for realizing the function of virtually expanding the UART for a main control CPU by utilizing one path of high-speed UART of the main control CPU to communicate with one path of UART of a single chip microcomputer, processing and forwarding a UART interface protocol required by the main control CPU by utilizing a UART hardware interface in a single chip microcomputer MCU based on the design of an expanded UART communication protocol.
In the use of the smart home system, the number of communication interfaces provided by the CPU is limited due to the need to connect more hardware devices. Therefore, the invention designs an extended UART communication protocol and a device based on UART communication, and realizes a mechanism that a multi-path extended UART interface communicates with different equipment for a main control CPU through additional MCU hardware.
Nanjing Pan energy power technology corporation (CN104216854B) provides a UART serial port expanded channel autonomous adaptation device and method, and an extension mechanism is realized by adding an adaptation logic operation module and performing preemptive channel switching by using the falling edge information of a slave port starting frame. This approach has the problem that multiple slave ports cannot operate simultaneously. The principle mechanism of the invention is different from the principle mechanism, the invention manages the communication between the UART and the slave port equipment through the MCU of the single chip microcomputer, and each port works independently and is not influenced by the communication of other ports.
In order to realize the communication interface extension mechanism, the intelligent home gateway uses one path of UART interface of the main control CPU on a hardware circuit board of the intelligent home gateway to communicate with a single chip microcomputer MCU designed for communication extension on the circuit board by compiling a serial communication extension protocol, and the MCU analyzes data of the main control CPU of the intelligent home gateway and forwards protocol data which is required to be sent to corresponding equipment by the main control CPU to the corresponding equipment through the corresponding UART of the MCU; and the data sent or responded by the corresponding equipment can be packaged according to the extended communication protocol, and the data is sent to the main control CPU according to the extended UART communication protocol, so that the main control CPU can normally realize communication with a plurality of intelligent household equipment connected to the MCU of the single chip microcomputer.
Example 3
This example is the same as example 2. In the embodiment, the master control CPU selects a four-core Cortex-A7 architecture H3 type CPU of the Zhuhai anzhi, the selected singlechip is an STM32F030cct6 singlechip of an ideogram semiconductor, and the singlechip has 6 paths of available UART hardware resources.
The design and implementation of the present invention are not limited to the above hardware, and the communication extension mechanism of the present invention can be implemented and applied by any CPU and MCU that are applied according to the above technical invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the master CPU has three available UART hardware resources. The UART in the main control CPU does not meet the requirement of at least 5 paths of UART (RS485) communication required by the system, in order to meet the resource requirement, 2 paths of UART interface circuits in the CPU are designed to be configured into an RS485 communication circuit, and 2 paths of native UART communication are provided in a butt joint mode (the receiving and transmitting directions of the RS485 are switched and realized by a hardware circuit).
For another needed 3-path UART communication interface, a single chip microcomputer with a plurality of UART interface resources is designed on a gateway hardware circuit board, a single chip microcomputer MCU adopts 1-path UART to be connected with UART hardware of a main control CPU (adopting TTL compatible level), the single chip microcomputer MCU communicates with the main control CPU of the intelligent home gateway through the UART interfaces, and the communication is carried out through a specially-programmed UART extension communication protocol, so that the main control CPU realizes the communication with corresponding intelligent home equipment by utilizing a plurality of UART interfaces of the single chip microcomputer MCU.
At present, the technical scheme of the invention has been subjected to a pilot plant test, namely a small-scale test of the product before large-scale mass production; after the pilot test is finished, the investigation for the use of the user is carried out in a small range, and the investigation result shows that the satisfaction degree of the user is higher; the preparation of formal commissioning for industrialization (including intellectual property risk early warning research) has now begun.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structure, characteristics and principles described in the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an intelligence house gateway extension UART communication interface's device which characterized in that, it includes power supply unit, master control CPU and singlechip MCU respectively set up UART of the same kind as extension management UART, and two extension management UARTs link together, are as the carrier of extension UART communication agreement.
2. The device for extending the UART communication interface of the intelligent home gateway according to claim 1, wherein the power supply unit supplies power to the main control CPU and the MCU.
3. A method for extending UART communication interface of intelligent home gateway is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of (1) distributing one path of UART as extension management UART respectively at a main control CPU and a single chip microcomputer MCU, and connecting two extension management UARTs together as a carrier for extending UART communication protocol;
(2) setting an extended UART manager, wherein multiple paths of extended UARTs are correspondingly set in the extended UART manager according to the number of UARTs which can be used for extended management of a single-chip microcomputer MCU, and each path of extended UART is in corresponding relation with one path of hardware UART interfaces on the single-chip microcomputer MCU;
(3) when the main control CPU establishes communication with a certain path of equipment corresponding to the extended management UART, firstly, a command for initializing the corresponding UART is sent to an extended UART manager;
(4) if the UART which is communicated with the single-chip microcomputer MCU by the extended UART manager is not started, starting communication management UART, and transmitting a protocol instruction for starting the corresponding extended UART, namely an extended UART communication protocol, to the single-chip microcomputer MCU by the extended UART manager, wherein the protocol instruction carries communication parameters for initializing the corresponding UART;
(5) the main control CPU program receives the corresponding reply, identifies the corresponding extended UART as a ready state, transmits a device communication protocol, and subscribes an extended UART data receiving event for a corresponding device communication processing method subprogram so as to receive and process the data received by the corresponding extended UART;
(6) and when the protocol is an extended communication type, the MCU transmits the communication data carried in the extended communication protocol to the corresponding extended UART according to the original data format after decoding.
(7) And the main control CPU receives the encoded extended UART communication protocol transmitted by the MCU, decodes the protocol, separates the ID identification and the original equipment communication data of the corresponding UART when recognizing the protocol as a data communication protocol, and transmits the ID identification and the original equipment communication data to the corresponding extended UART processing subsystem for equipment protocol processing.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step (3), the extended UART manager first determines whether the UART for communicating with the MCU has been initialized to start according to the internal on or off status flag, and if not, first starts the UART using the appointed communication parameters and sets the status flag to true.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein in step (4), the communication parameters include UART serial number, baud rate, data bits, parity bits, and stop bits.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein in step (4), when the MCU program of the single chip microcomputer is powered on, the extended management UART which communicates with the CPU is started by default according to the appointed communication parameters; when the single-chip microcomputer MCU receives an initialization instruction for expanding the UART communication protocol sent by the main control CPU, the single-chip microcomputer MCU program decodes the instruction, initializes the corresponding UART interface according to the instruction, and replies the main control CPU program to be ready.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein in step (5), when the main control CPU receives the instruction of the internal device communication subprogram system calling and sending the extended UART data, the data to be sent is encoded according to the extended UART communication protocol, and then the encoded protocol data is sent to the MCU by using the UART which is communicated with the MCU.
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step (6), the UART for extended management on the single chip receives the data sent or responded by the smart home device, encodes the data, and sends the encoded data to the main control CPU, wherein the encoded data carries the ID and communication data of the extended UART.
9. The method of claim 3, wherein in step (7), the main control CPU receives the extended UART protocol data, decodes the data according to the extended protocol, separates out the ID and communication data of the extended UART, delivers the data to the processing program subscribed with the corresponding extended UART receiving event according to the extended UART ID, and delivers the data to the processing program subsystem for processing the protocol data.
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