CN114308831A

CN114308831A - Self-overturning swinging cleaning device for workpiece machining

Info

Publication number: CN114308831A
Application number: CN202111669651.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许一鸣
Original assignee: Haining Nanyuan Middle School
Current assignee: Haining Nanyuan Middle School
Priority date: 2021-12-31
Filing date: 2021-12-31
Publication date: 2022-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-31
Also published as: CN114308831B

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-overturning and swinging cleaning device for processing workpieces, which relates to the technical field of workpiece cleaning and comprises a bottom plate, wherein an installation plate is installed on the upper wall of the bottom plate through a pair of supporting rods, an auxiliary sliding rail is arranged at the lower end of the installation plate, an auxiliary sliding block is arranged on the auxiliary sliding rail, a through hole is formed in the auxiliary sliding block, a rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the through hole, one end of the rotating shaft is provided with an overturning frame, the other end of the rotating shaft is provided with a connecting shaft, a clamping assembly is arranged in the overturning frame, one end of the connecting shaft is provided with a guide shaft, the installation plate is provided with a reversing groove at one side of the auxiliary sliding block, the guide shaft is inserted into the reversing groove and can slide in the reversing groove, the device can realize self-overturning while the workpieces rotate with the overturning frame in a reciprocating manner through the linkage among the assemblies, improves the cleaning effect and avoids the generation of cleaning dead corners, and the device realizes multiple purposes, effectively saves resources and economic cost, and brings convenience to people.

Description

Self-overturning swinging cleaning device for workpiece machining

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of workpiece cleaning equipment, in particular to a self-overturning swinging cleaning device for workpiece processing.

Background

The workpiece is a product part in the production process and mainly corresponds to machining, the development of machining technology is faster and faster along with the development and progress of times, and a large amount of dirt and scraps can be remained on the surface of the existing workpiece after the production and the machining are finished, so that the surface of the workpiece needs to be effectively cleaned through cleaning equipment.

For example, patent publication No. CN209287862U discloses an apparatus for cleaning the inner and outer surfaces of a workpiece. The device comprises a fixing mechanism and a clearing mechanism, wherein the fixing mechanism is used for fixing the workpiece, and the clearing mechanism comprises an inner spray head used for cleaning the inner surface of the workpiece and an outer spray head used for cleaning the outer surface of the workpiece;

the device can clean the surface of a workpiece through the matching of the inner spray head and the outer spray head, but when the device is used, the workpiece is in a fixed form, so that a cleaning dead angle possibly exists, the cleaning effect is poor, and the subsequent use is influenced;

for example, patent publication No. CN211100289U discloses a workpiece surface cleaning apparatus including a workpiece rotating and holding mechanism and a workpiece cleaning mechanism; the workpiece rotary clamping mechanism comprises a rotary driver, the workpiece rotary clamping mechanism is used for clamping a workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate, and the workpiece cleaning mechanism comprises a cleaning component which is used for contacting with the surface of the workpiece so as to clean the surface of the workpiece;

the cleaning device can rotate workpieces when cleaning, so that the cleaning effect of the surfaces of the workpieces is improved, however, the cleaning device can only clean a single workpiece in sequence, the cleaning efficiency is low, the large-batch cleaning requirements of people cannot be met, and the use is inconvenient.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a work piece processing is with swaing cleaning device from upset, includes the bottom plate, the mounting panel is installed through a pair of branch to the bottom plate upper wall, its characterized in that, the mounting panel lower extreme is equipped with supplementary slide rail, be equipped with supplementary slider on the supplementary slide rail, set up the through-hole in the supplementary slider, the pivot is installed to the through-hole internal rotation, the pivot is kept away from the tip of mounting panel is equipped with the roll-over stand, is close to the tip of mounting panel is equipped with the connecting axle, the roll-over stand inner wall rotates and installs a plurality of bull sticks, and is a plurality of fixed mounting has the gear on the bull stick, be equipped with on the mounting panel and be used for the drive gear revolve's auxiliary assembly, be equipped with the centre gripping subassembly of centre gripping work piece in the roll-over stand, the guiding axle is installed to connecting axle one end, the mounting panel is located supplementary slider one side department is equipped with the switching-over groove, the switching-over groove is by first horizontal segment, Slope switching-over section and second horizontal segment connect gradually and form, the pivot is located the intermediate position between first horizontal segment and the second horizontal segment, the guiding axle inserts switching-over inslot, and can the switching-over inslot slides, mounting panel antetheca upside is equipped with the drive slide rail, be equipped with the drive slider on the drive slide rail, the drive slider with through connecting rod fixed connection between the supplementary slider, the drive slider antetheca is equipped with the nozzle holder, be equipped with a plurality of shower heads on the nozzle holder, the bottom plate upper wall is equipped with a pair of curb plate, and is a pair of be equipped with drying assembly on the curb plate, the mounting panel dorsal part is equipped with and is used for the drive slider linear motion and drying assembly swing motion's drive assembly.

Further, the auxiliary assembly is including locating the dorsal reciprocating cylinder of mounting panel, the driving piece is installed to the reciprocating cylinder drive end, the mounting panel dorsal part just is located reciprocating cylinder both sides department is equipped with a pair of slide, and is a pair of slidable mounting has a pair of drive block on the slide, and is a pair of drive block with the activity ann changes between the driving piece has a pair of actuating lever, and is a pair of drive block lateral wall fixed mounting has a pair of link, and is a pair of the link install a pair of with gear complex rack, it is a pair of the rack is located respectively first horizontal segment and second horizontal segment below.

Furthermore, the centre gripping subassembly is including locating a pair of spout of roll-over stand inner wall, and is a pair of slidable mounting has the slide between the spout, rotate on the slide and install a plurality of clamping framves that move, be equipped with on the bull stick with move the fixed clamping frame that the clamping frame corresponds, the roll-over stand top spin has connect the screw rod, screw rod one end with the slide rotates to be connected, and the hand wheel is installed to the other end.

Further, the drying component comprises a fixed rod fixedly installed on the inner wall of the side wall, a rocker arm is installed at one end of the fixed rod in a rotating mode, a strip-shaped groove is formed in the rocker arm, a driven rod is installed on the inner wall of the side wall in a rotating mode, a rocker is installed at one end of the driven rod, a slide rod is installed at one end of the rocker, the slide rod is connected with the strip-shaped groove in a sliding mode, and an air heater is installed at the upper end of the rocker arm.

Further, drive assembly is including locating the dorsal motor of mounting panel, it installs the drive shaft to rotate on the mounting panel, drive shaft one end with motor drive end fixed connection, the carousel is installed to the other end, carousel outer fringe fixed mounting has the driving shaft, the driving shaft other end rotates and installs the driven shaft, the driven shaft lower extreme with drive slider swing joint, the curb plate inner wall rotates and installs the initiative pole, the initiative pole with connect through belt transmission between the driven pole, be equipped with first bevel gear in the drive shaft, be equipped with on the initiative pole with the second bevel gear of first bevel gear meshing.

Furthermore, an opening for the connecting frame to pass through is formed in the side plate.

Furthermore, a support used for fixing the motor is arranged on the mounting plate.

Furthermore, the movable clamping frame and the fixed clamping frame are both provided with clamping grooves.

Furthermore, an air guide cover is obliquely arranged on the hot air blower.

Furthermore, the connecting frame is of an L-shaped structure.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the reversing groove is arranged and matched with the reversing shaft and the connecting shaft, so that the rotating shaft drives the roll-over stand to perform reciprocating horizontal turning, the integral turning of a plurality of workpieces is realized, the positions of the spray header and the roll-over stand are always kept consistent, and the cleaning effect of the workpieces is improved;

the auxiliary assembly can enable the pair of racks to do reciprocating motion, so that the self-overturning of each workpiece is realized under the condition that the overturning of the overturning frame is not influenced, the cleaning effect is further improved, and meanwhile, the pair of racks are arranged in a staggered mode, so that the pair of racks can respectively correspond to the workpiece self-overturning in the first horizontal section and the workpiece self-overturning in the second horizontal section;

the drying component is arranged, so that the workpiece can be quickly dried after being cleaned, the workpiece processing efficiency is improved, the drying component does reciprocating swing motion and accurately blows to the surface of the workpiece under the action of the air guide cover, and the drying efficiency is effectively improved;

the driving mechanism can simultaneously realize the reciprocating motion of the driving slide block and the auxiliary slide block, so that the roll-over stand can do reciprocating turnover motion, and meanwhile, the drying components at two sides can do swinging motion through the transmission of the bevel gears and the belt, so that the machine is multifunctional, the device cost is saved, and the use of people is facilitated.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only drawn for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, and further that, unless otherwise indicated, the drawings are only schematic in nature and represent compositions or configurations of the described objects and may contain exaggerated displays, and that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the auxiliary assembly of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial top cross-sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a part of the driving assembly of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partial side view of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the reversing slot of the invention.

In the figure: 1. a base plate; 2. a strut; 3. mounting a plate; 4. an auxiliary slide rail; 5. an auxiliary slide block; 6. a rotating shaft; 7. a roll-over stand; 8. a connecting shaft; 9. a rotating rod; 10. a gear; 11. a guide shaft; 12. a reversing slot; 13. a first horizontal segment; 14. an inclined commutation segment; 15. a second horizontal segment; 16. driving the slide rail; 17. driving the slide block; 18. a connecting rod; 19. a nozzle holder; 20. a shower head; 21. a side plate; 22. a reciprocating cylinder; 23. a drive member; 24. a slideway; 25. a drive block; 26. a drive rod; 27. a connecting frame; 28. a rack; 29. a chute; 30. a slide plate; 31. a movable clamping frame; 32. fixing a clamping frame; 33. a screw; 34. a hand wheel; 35. fixing the rod; 36. a rocker arm; 37. a strip-shaped groove; 38. a driven lever; 39. a rocker; 40. a slide bar; 41. a hot air blower; 42. a motor; 43. a drive shaft; 44. a turntable; 45. a drive shaft; 46. a driven shaft; 47. a driving lever; 48. a belt; 49. a first bevel gear; 50. a second bevel gear.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the descriptions are illustrative only, exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numerals refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it may not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a self-overturning swinging cleaning device for workpiece processing comprises a bottom plate 1, wherein a mounting plate 3 which is longitudinally arranged is mounted on the upper wall of the bottom plate 1 through a pair of supporting rods 2, a pair of side plates 21 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the upper wall of the bottom plate 1, and a drying assembly is arranged on the pair of side plates 21.

The lower extreme front side of mounting panel 3 is equipped with supplementary slide rail 4, supplementary slide rail 4 top is equipped with supplementary slider 5, the through-hole that runs through around having seted up in supplementary slider 5, pivot 6 is installed to the through-hole internal rotation, the parallel supplementary slide rail 4 in axle center of pivot 6, and the perpendicular mounting panel 3 in axle center of pivot 6, the tip that mounting panel 3 was kept away from in pivot 6 is equipped with roll-over stand 7, a plurality of bull sticks 9 are installed in the rotation of 7 inner walls of roll-over stand, fixed mounting has gear 10 on a plurality of bull sticks 9, be equipped with on the mounting panel 3 and be used for drive gear 10 pivoted auxiliary assembly, be equipped with the centre gripping subassembly in the roll-over stand 7.

As shown in fig. 3, the clamping assembly includes a pair of sliding grooves 29 disposed on the inner wall of the roll-over stand 7, a sliding plate 30 is slidably mounted between the pair of sliding grooves 29, a plurality of movable clamping frames 31 are rotatably mounted on the sliding plate 30, a fixed clamping frame 32 corresponding to the movable clamping frame 31 is disposed on the rotating rod 9, a screw 33 is rotatably connected to the roll-over stand 7, one end of the screw 33 is rotatably connected to the sliding plate 30, and a hand wheel 34 is mounted at the other end;

when the workpiece needs to be fixed, the workpiece is placed between the fixed clamping frame 32 and the movable clamping frame 31, and the hand wheel 34 is rotated to enable the screw 33 to push the sliding plate 30 to move, so that the movable clamping frame 31 and the fixed clamping frame 32 clamp and fix the workpiece.

The end part of the rotating shaft 6 close to the mounting plate 3 is provided with a connecting shaft 8, one end of the connecting shaft 8 is provided with a guide shaft 11, the mounting plate 3 is positioned at one side of the auxiliary sliding block 5 and is provided with a reversing groove 12, the reversing groove 12 is formed by sequentially connecting a first horizontal section 13, an inclined reversing section 14 and a second horizontal section 15, in the embodiment, the first horizontal section 13 is higher than the second horizontal section 15, the guide shaft 11 is inserted into the reversing groove 12 and can slide in the reversing groove 12, and preferably, the rotating shaft 6 is positioned at the middle position between the first horizontal section 13 and the second horizontal section 15.

The upper side of the front wall of the mounting plate 3 is provided with a driving slide rail 16, the driving slide rail 16 is provided with a driving slide block 17, the driving slide block 17 can move linearly along the driving slide rail 16, and the back side of the mounting plate 3 is provided with a driving assembly for driving the driving slide block 17 to move horizontally and driving the drying assembly to swing.

The driving slide block 17 is fixedly connected with the auxiliary slide block 5 through a connecting rod 18, a spray head frame 19 is arranged below the driving slide block 17, and a plurality of spray heads 20 are arranged on the spray head frame 19.

When cleaning, the spray head frame 19 and the spray head 20 are used for washing the workpiece in the lower turnover frame 7, meanwhile, the driving mechanism can drive the driving slide block 17 to reciprocate left and right, meanwhile, the connecting rod 18 is used for driving the auxiliary slide block 5 to reciprocate, under the action of the reversing groove 12, when the auxiliary slide block 5 moves to one side, the position of the guide shaft 11 in the reversing grass 12 is changed, the guide shaft 11 can drive the connecting shaft 8 and the rotating shaft 6 to turn over, further the turnover frame 7 can turn over 180 degrees, when the auxiliary slide block 5 moves to the other side to reset, the turnover frame 7 turns over 180 degrees again, synchronous reset is realized, at the moment, along with the reciprocating turnover of the turnover frame 7, the cleaning water can effectively clean the workpiece in the turnover frame.

As shown in fig. 1-2, the auxiliary assembly includes a reciprocating cylinder 22 disposed on the back side of the mounting plate 3, a driving member 23 is mounted at a driving end of the reciprocating cylinder 22, a pair of slide ways 24 are disposed on the back side of the mounting plate 3 and located on two sides of the reciprocating cylinder 22, a pair of driving blocks 25 are slidably mounted on the pair of slide ways 24, a pair of driving rods 26 is movably mounted between the pair of driving blocks 25 and the driving member 23, a pair of connecting frames 27 are fixedly mounted on side walls of the pair of driving blocks 25, a pair of racks 28 matched with the gear 10 are mounted on the pair of connecting frames 27, the pair of racks 28 are respectively located below the first horizontal section 13 and the second horizontal section 15, an opening for the connecting frame 27 to pass through is formed in the side plate 21, and the connecting frame 27 is of an L-shaped structure.

When the guide shaft 11 enters the first horizontal section 13 or the second horizontal section 15 from the inclined reversing section 14, the roll-over stand 7 finishes roll-over, and in the following path, the guide shaft is in a horizontal motion state, at this time, the driving end of the reciprocating cylinder 22 extends to drive the driving part 23 to move, and the driving block 25 is driven by the driving rod 26 to move inwards in the slide rail, so that the rack 28 drives the gear 10 and the rotating rod 9 to do rotary motion, the workpiece is self-turned over, the washing effect is improved, when the guide shaft 11 moves from the horizontal section to the inclined reversing section 14, the driving end of the reciprocating cylinder 22 is shortened, the pair of driving blocks 25 drives the rack 28 to move outwards, and the roll-over motion of the roll-over stand 7 is prevented from being blocked.

As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the driving assembly includes a motor 42 disposed on the back side of the mounting plate 3, a driving shaft 43 is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate 3, one end of the driving shaft 43 is fixedly connected with a driving end of the motor 42, the other end of the driving shaft 43 is mounted with a turntable 44, an outer edge of the turntable 44 is fixedly mounted with a driving shaft 45, the other end of the driving shaft 45 is rotatably mounted with a driven shaft 46, a lower end of the driven shaft 46 is movably connected with the driving slider 17, an inner wall of the side plate 21 is rotatably mounted with a driving rod 47, the driving rod 47 is in transmission connection with the driven rod 38 through a belt 48, the driving shaft 43 is provided with a first bevel gear 49, and the driving rod 47 is provided with a second bevel gear 50 engaged with the first bevel gear 49;

as shown in fig. 1, the drying assembly includes a fixing rod 35 fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the side wall, a rocker arm 36 is rotatably mounted at one end of the fixing rod 35, a strip-shaped groove 37 is formed in the rocker arm 36, a driven rod 38 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the side wall, a rocker 39 is mounted at one end of the driven rod 38, a slide rod 40 is mounted at one end of the rocker 39, the slide rod 40 is slidably connected with the strip-shaped groove 37, a hot air blower 41 is mounted at the upper end of the rocker arm 36, and an air guide cover is obliquely arranged on the hot air blower 41;

during drying, the hot air blower 41 can be started, and hot air blown out by the hot air blower 41 can be always blown to the workpiece under the action of the air guide cover, so that the drying speed is increased; meanwhile, the driving shaft 43 is driven by the motor 42 to rotate, so that the disk and the driving shaft 45 rotate, the driven shaft 46 movably connected with the driving shaft drives the driving block 25 to perform reciprocating linear motion, meanwhile, the first bevel gears 49 on the driving shaft 43 drive the second bevel gears 50 on two sides to rotate, so that the driving rod 47 drives the driven rod 38 to rotate through the belt 48, the rocker 39 drives the sliding rod 40 to slide in the strip-shaped groove 37, and the rocker arm 36 performs reciprocating swing motion by taking the fixed shaft as a fulcrum, thereby realizing swing type drying.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally arranged when products of the present invention are used, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

While the self-flipping swinging cleaning device for processing workpieces provided by the present invention has been described in detail, the principle and the embodiments of the present invention are illustrated herein by using specific examples, and the above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping understanding the present invention and the core idea, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a work piece processing is with swaing cleaning device from upset, includes the bottom plate, the mounting panel is installed through a pair of branch to the bottom plate upper wall, its characterized in that, the mounting panel lower extreme is equipped with supplementary slide rail, be equipped with supplementary slider on the supplementary slide rail, set up the through-hole in the supplementary slider, the pivot is installed to the through-hole internal rotation, the pivot is kept away from the tip of mounting panel is equipped with the roll-over stand, is close to the tip of mounting panel is equipped with the connecting axle, the roll-over stand inner wall rotates and installs a plurality of bull sticks, and is a plurality of fixed mounting has the gear on the bull stick, be equipped with on the mounting panel and be used for the drive gear revolve's auxiliary assembly, be equipped with the centre gripping subassembly of centre gripping work piece in the roll-over stand, the guiding axle is installed to connecting axle one end, the mounting panel is located supplementary slider one side department is equipped with the switching-over groove, the switching-over groove is by first horizontal segment, Slope switching-over section and second horizontal segment connect gradually and form, the pivot is located the intermediate position between first horizontal segment and the second horizontal segment, the guiding axle inserts switching-over inslot, and can the switching-over inslot slides, mounting panel antetheca upside is equipped with the drive slide rail, be equipped with the drive slider on the drive slide rail, the drive slider with through connecting rod fixed connection between the supplementary slider, the drive slider antetheca is equipped with the nozzle holder, be equipped with a plurality of shower heads on the nozzle holder, the bottom plate upper wall is equipped with a pair of curb plate, and is a pair of be equipped with drying assembly on the curb plate, the mounting panel dorsal part is equipped with and is used for the drive slider linear motion and drying assembly swing motion's drive assembly.

2. The self-overturning and swinging cleaning device for workpiece processing according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary assembly comprises a reciprocating cylinder arranged at the back side of the mounting plate, a driving piece is arranged at the driving end of the reciprocating cylinder, a pair of slide ways are arranged at the back side of the mounting plate and positioned at two sides of the reciprocating cylinder, a pair of driving blocks are arranged on the pair of slide ways in a sliding manner, a pair of driving rods are movably arranged between the pair of driving blocks and the driving piece in a rotating manner, a pair of connecting frames are fixedly arranged on the side walls of the pair of driving blocks, a pair of racks matched with the gears are arranged on the pair of connecting frames, and the pair of racks are respectively positioned below the first horizontal section and the second horizontal section.

3. The self-overturning and swinging cleaning device for workpiece processing according to claim 2, wherein the clamping assembly comprises a pair of sliding grooves formed in the inner wall of the overturning frame, a sliding plate is slidably mounted between the pair of sliding grooves, a plurality of movable clamping frames are rotatably mounted on the sliding plate, fixed clamping frames corresponding to the movable clamping frames are arranged on the rotating rod, a screw rod is rotatably connected onto the overturning frame, one end of the screw rod is rotatably connected with the sliding plate, and a hand wheel is mounted at the other end of the screw rod.

4. The self-overturning and swinging cleaning device for workpiece processing as claimed in claim 3, wherein the drying component comprises a fixing rod fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the side wall, one end of the fixing rod is rotatably mounted with a rocker arm, the rocker arm is provided with a strip-shaped groove, the inner wall of the side wall is rotatably mounted with a driven rod, one end of the driven rod is mounted with a rocker arm, one end of the rocker arm is mounted with a slide rod, the slide rod is slidably connected with the strip-shaped groove, and the upper end of the rocker arm is mounted with a hot air blower.

5. The self-overturning and swinging cleaning device for workpiece processing as claimed in claim 4, wherein the driving assembly comprises a motor arranged on the back side of the mounting plate, a driving shaft is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate, one end of the driving shaft is fixedly connected with the driving end of the motor, a turntable is arranged at the other end of the driving shaft, a driving shaft is fixedly arranged at the outer edge of the turntable, a driven shaft is rotatably arranged at the other end of the driving shaft, the lower end of the driven shaft is movably connected with a driving slider, a driving rod is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the side plate, the driving rod is connected with the driven rod through a belt transmission, a first bevel gear is arranged on the driving shaft, and a second bevel gear meshed with the first bevel gear is arranged on the driving rod.

6. The self-overturning and swinging cleaning device for processing the workpiece as claimed in claim 5, wherein the side plate is provided with an opening for the connecting frame to pass through.

7. The self-overturning swing cleaning device for workpiece processing according to claim 5, characterized in that the mounting plate is provided with a support for fixing the motor.

8. The self-overturning and swinging cleaning device for workpiece processing according to claim 3, wherein the movable holding frame and the fixed holding frame are provided with holding grooves.

9. The self-overturning and swinging cleaning device for workpiece processing according to claim 4, wherein the wind scooper is arranged on the hot air blower in an inclined manner.

10. The self-overturning swing cleaning device for workpiece processing according to claim 2, characterized in that the connecting frame is of L-shaped structure.