CN114287225B - Conveying device - Google Patents

Abstract

A conveying device and a potato harvester are used for cleaning the soil on the surface of the potatoes while conveying the potatoes. The conveying device includes: a conveying wheel; a conveying roller unit, the conveying roller unit is arranged between the two groups of conveying wheels, and includes a plurality of conveying rollers arranged in sequence, the two ends of the conveying roller are provided with roller shafts, and the first roller is hinged on the roller shaft. A connecting rod and a second connecting rod, between two adjacent conveying rollers, the second connecting rod on one conveying roller is slidably connected with the first connecting rod on the other conveying roller; the lever is connected with the roller shaft Contact and toggle the movement of the conveying roller along the circular track; the translation cylinder, a slider is fixed on the piston rod of the translation cylinder, the slider is rotatably connected with one group of conveying wheels, and the other group of conveying wheels rotates in situ. The potato harvester includes a conveying device, a vibrating unit and a shovel unit which are arranged in sequence. The present invention cleans the soil on the potato surface while realizing the conveying of the potato.

Description

a conveying device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of potato harvesting, in particular to a conveying device.

Background technique

With the introduction of the national strategy of potato staple food, higher requirements have also been put forward for the technical level of its production equipment. The annual planting area of potatoes in Shandong Province is about 1.7 million mu, and it is widely planted all over the province. At present, the mechanized planting level in the province is about 21.9%, and the mechanized harvesting level is about 28.37%. Most areas are mainly completed manually, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also Moreover, the labor cost is high, which is far from meeting the development requirements of the potato industry. Potato harvesting machinery has problems such as high potato injury rate and poor adaptability, and it has a single function and only has a conveying function.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a conveying device for cleaning the soil on the surface of the potato while conveying the potato.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a conveying device, characterized in that it includes:

Conveying wheels, the conveying wheels are two groups arranged on the left and right, and a lever is fixed on the outer wall of the conveying wheels;

Conveying roller unit, the conveying roller unit is arranged between the two groups of conveying wheels, the conveying roller unit includes a number of conveying rollers arranged one after the other, the two ends of the conveying roller are provided with roller shafts, and the first connection is hinged on the roller shafts The rod and the second connecting rod, between two adjacent conveying rollers, the second connecting rod on one conveying roller extends into the first connecting rod on the other conveying roller and is slidably connected with it. A connecting rod is provided with a spring, and the spring connects the first and second connecting rods that are slidingly connected together;

The translation oil cylinder has a sliding block fixed on the piston rod of the translation oil cylinder, the sliding block is rotatably connected with one group of conveying wheels, and the other group of conveying wheels rotates in situ;

The bracket, the sliding block and the bracket are slidably connected, the translation oil cylinder is fixedly connected with the bracket, and the other group of conveying wheels is rotatably connected with the bracket.

Further, the lever is evenly arranged along the outer wall of the conveying wheel, the first end of the lever is fixed in contact with the conveying wheel, the second end of the lever is provided with a first lever and a second lever, and the length of the first lever is greater than the length of the first lever. Two teeth.

Further, it also includes a cleaning unit, the cleaning unit includes a first support frame arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer of the conveying roller unit, a first lift cylinder that drives the first support frame to move up and down, and is rotatably installed on the first support frame. There are several cleaning rollers and a synchronizing mechanism that drives several cleaning rollers to act synchronously. Brushes are arranged on the outer wall of the cleaning rollers, and the potato contact between the brushes and the conveying roller realizes the cleaning of the soil.

Further, the synchronizing mechanism includes a driven sprocket arranged coaxially with the cleaning roller, a guide sprocket rotatably installed in the middle of the first support frame, and two first sprockets rotatably installed at the lower part of the first support frame. A first chain between the first sprocket and the leading and driven sprockets.

Further, it also includes a drive mechanism that drives the conveying roller to rotate around its own axis, the drive mechanism includes a second support frame arranged above the conveying roller unit, a second lifting oil cylinder that drives the second support frame to move up and down, and a second lift cylinder that is rotatably installed on the first support frame. The driving rod at the lower part of the two supporting frames is provided with a spiral groove on the driving rod, and a worm wheel is coaxially arranged on each conveying roller. Synchronized rotation.

Further, shaft seats are rotatably installed at both ends of the roller shaft, and the shaft seats are slidably installed on the bracket along an annular track.

Further, a first fixed seat and a second fixed seat are fixed on the bracket, a first sliding rod slidingly connected with the first fixed seat is fixed on the first support frame, and a second support frame is fixed on the second support frame. A second sliding rod that is slidably connected to the fixed seat.

A potato harvester includes a rack, and is characterized in that, it also includes sequentially arranged on the rack:

conveying device;

A vibration unit, the vibration unit includes two sets of second sprockets, a second chain arranged between the two second sprockets arranged in a group, and a vibration rod arranged between the two second chains; the vibration unit is arranged obliquely , and the upper end of the vibration unit is placed above the front end of the conveying device;

The shovelling unit comprises an inclined shovelling plate and a lifting oil cylinder for supporting the shovelling plate, and the upper end of the shovelling plate is placed on the lower end of the vibrating unit.

Further, two sets of mounting plates are arranged at the bottom of the shovel plate, the first set of mounting plates is hingedly connected with the piston rod of the lift cylinder, and the second set of mounting plates is hingedly connected with the frame.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a kind of conveying device provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The distance between the conveying rollers of the conveying device can be adjusted. While conveying the potatoes, the adjacent conveying rollers cooperate to clean the soil on the surface of the potatoes to a certain extent;

(2) The conveying roller can move along a circular track, or rotate around its own axis, and when rotating around its own axis, it can rub and squeeze the soil on the surface of the potato, and then strengthen the cleaning of the soil on the surface of the potato;

(3) The setting of the cleaning unit, relying on the friction between the bristles and the potatoes, deeply cleans the broken small soil on the surface of the potatoes;

(4) The setting of the shovel unit and the vibrating unit. While shoveling the soil, the potato is shoveled, and the soil fragments are upside down under the action of the vibration unit. After the potatoes are shoveled, the soil fragments are first For separation, one is to avoid dust flying, and the other is to facilitate the subsequent cleaning of the soil on the potato surface.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the conveying device;

Figure 2 is a rear view of the conveying device;

Fig. 3 is the axial schematic diagram of the conveying roller;

Figure 4 is a top view of the conveying roller;

Fig. 5 is the connection schematic diagram of two conveying rollers;

Figure 6 is a front view of the conveying wheel;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection of two conveying rollers;

Figure 8 is a front view of the cleaning unit;

9 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cleaning unit;

Figure 10 is a top view of the cleaning roller;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the drive mechanism and the worm gear on the conveying roller;

Fig. 12 is the schematic diagram of the potato harvester of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is the assembly schematic diagram of shovel unit and vibration unit;

In the figure: 1 conveying wheel, 11 lever, 12 groove, 13 first tooth, 14 second tooth, 15 guide surface, 16 rounded corner, 2 conveying roller, 21 roller shaft, 22 first connecting rod, 23 Chute, 24 second connecting rod, 25 worm gear, 26 spring, 27 axle seat, 3 bracket, 4 translation cylinder, 41 slider, 5 first support frame, 51 first lift cylinder, 52 first fixed seat, 53 first 1 slide bar, 54 lug plate, 55 cleaning roller, 56 brush, 57 first chain, 58 driven sprocket, 581 guide sprocket, 582 first sprocket, 6 driving rod, 61 second support frame, 62 first 2 Lifting cylinders, 63 second sliding rods, 64 second fixed seats, 7 second sprockets, 71 second chains, 72 vibrating rods, 8 shovel plates, 81 mounting plates, 82 lifting cylinders, 83 racks.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 13, the conveying device of the present invention mainly includes a conveying wheel 1, a conveying roller unit, a translation cylinder 4, a cleaning unit and a driving mechanism, and the potato harvester includes a conveying device, a shovel unit and a vibration unit. The following combination The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention in detail.

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 6, the conveying wheel 1 is a circular metal wheel, and a plurality of levers 11 are fixed on the cylindrical outer wall of the conveying wheel, and the plurality of levers are evenly arranged along the cylindrical outer wall of the conveying wheel. The root lever is arranged along the radial direction of the conveying wheel. The first end of the lever is fixed in contact with the outer wall of the conveying wheel, and the second end of the lever is provided with a first shifting tooth 13 and a second shifting tooth 14. The length of the first shifting tooth is longer than that of the second shifting tooth. A groove 12 is formed between the second shifting teeth. The ends of the second shifting teeth are provided with guide surfaces 15 , and the ends of the first shifting teeth are machined with rounded corners 16 .

There are two groups of conveying wheels. The two groups of conveying wheels are arranged left and right. The conveying wheels of each group are two pairs of front and rear. There is a conveying roller unit between the two groups of conveying wheels. The conveying roller unit realizes the conveying of potatoes. . The conveying roller unit is formed by connecting several conveying rollers in turn, front and rear. As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the conveying roller 2 is a cylindrical structure, and roller shafts 21 are fixed at both ends of the conveying roller. The roller shaft is the same as the conveying roller. The shaft is set and fixedly connected. A first connecting rod 22 and a second connecting rod 24 are rotatably installed on each roller shaft. A chute 23 is arranged in the first connecting rod. The first connecting rod is a straight rod, and the second connecting rod is a straight rod. 24 is in the shape of a broken line, and the second connecting rod includes a first segment, a second segment and a third segment arranged in sequence, wherein the first segment and the third segment are parallel, and the second segment is between the first and third segments and is parallel. The first and third sections are connected together at an obtuse angle with the first and third sections. Between two adjacent conveying rollers, as shown in Figure 5, the second connecting rod on one conveying roller extends into the chute of the first connecting rod on the other conveying roller, and is connected at the first connection. A spring 26 is arranged between the inner wall of the chute of the rod and the second connecting rod, the first and second connecting rods are connected together by the spring, and the first and second connecting rods connecting adjacent conveying rollers can move relative to each other. A worm gear 25 is fixedly installed on one of the roller shafts on each conveying roller, the entire conveying roller unit is in a ring structure, the conveying roller is arranged inside the conveying roller unit, and the rollers on the conveying rollers at both ends of the annular conveying roller unit The shaft is in contact with the first shifting tooth, and when the conveying wheel rotates, the shifting rod rotates with the conveying wheel, and then the conveying roller is moved by the first shifting tooth, so that the entire conveying roller unit is in a moving state. The potatoes are placed on the conveying roller unit, and when the conveying roller unit is in a moving state, the conveying of the potatoes can be realized.

Two conveying wheels, one conveying wheel can only rotate around its own axis and cannot move, and the other conveying wheel is rotatably mounted on the slider 41, and the slider is fixedly connected with the piston rod of the translation cylinder, so that under the action of the translation cylinder, the Drive the relative movement of the two conveying wheels.

As shown in Figure 7, in order to realize the assembly of the conveying roller unit, the conveying roller unit can be installed on the bracket 3, one of the conveying wheels is rotatably connected to the bracket, the slider on the other conveying wheel is slidably connected to the bracket, and the translation cylinder fixed on the stand. The two roller shafts on each conveying roller are rotatably mounted on the shaft seat 27, and the shaft seat 27 is slidably connected with the bracket. A straight line, and the central angle corresponding to the circular arc is 180 degrees. When the conveying roller unit moves under the action of the conveying wheel, the setting of the axle seat can keep the moving track of the conveying roller in a ring shape. In addition, the arrangement of the axle seat enables the conveying roller not only to move along a circular track under the action of the conveying wheel, but also to rotate around its own axis.

When the distance between the two conveying wheels is a standard length, the springs between the second connecting rod and the first connecting rod between adjacent conveying rollers are in a natural state, and the distance between adjacent conveying rollers is the smallest. At this time, the potatoes are placed on the conveying roller unit, and the conveying of the potatoes can be realized by the conveying roller unit. When the soil on the potato surface needs to be cleaned, the distance between the two conveying wheels can be increased by translating the oil cylinder, thereby increasing the distance between the two adjacent conveying rollers. At this time, when the potato moves on the conveying roller unit, the potato The part extending between the two adjacent conveying rollers increases, and at this time, the soil on the potato surface can be cleaned to a certain extent under the extrusion of the conveying roller. Moreover, at this time, the potato can roll between two adjacent conveying rollers, which can clean most of the soil on the surface of the potato.

A cleaning unit is provided between the upper layer and the lower layer of the conveying roller unit. As shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 , the cleaning unit includes a first support frame 5, a plurality of lugs 54 fixed on the top of the first support frame, and rotatably mounted on the lugs 54. The cleaning roller 55 on the plate, the synchronizing mechanism that drives the cleaning roller to rotate synchronously, and the first lifting cylinder 51 that drives the first support frame to move up and down relative to the support frame, are fixed on the support frame with a first fixing seat 52, which is fixed on the first support frame There is a first sliding rod 53, and the first sliding rod is relatively slidably connected with the first fixing seat. There are two first lift cylinders, which are located on the left and right sides of the first fixed seat. As shown in FIG. 10 , the cleaning roller 55 is a circular roller, and the outer wall of the cleaning roller is provided with bristles 56 closely arranged, and the bristles are used to contact the potatoes to clean the soil. A driven sprocket 58 is fixed on each cleaning roller, two first sprockets 582 are rotatably installed on the lower part of the first support frame, and several guide sprockets 581 are rotatably installed on the upper part of the first support frame, A first chain 57 is provided between the driven sprocket, the guide sprocket and the first sprocket, one of the first sprockets is the driving sprocket, and when one of the first sprockets is driven to rotate, it can drive several cleaning rollers. Synchronized rotation. The upper part of the cleaning roller is extended between two adjacent conveying rollers through the first lifting oil cylinder. When the cleaning roller rotates, the brush bristles on the surface of the cleaning roller contact and rub against the potatoes to realize the cleaning of the soil.

A driving mechanism is provided above the conveying roller unit. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the driving mechanism includes a second supporting frame 61, a driving rod 6 that is rotatably installed inside the second supporting frame, and a driving mechanism that drives the second supporting frame to move up and down. The second lifting cylinder 62, the second fixing base 64 fixed on the bracket, the second sliding rod 63 fixed on the second supporting frame and slidably connected with the second fixing base, the second lifting cylinder is also fixed on the bracket, at Under the action of the second lift cylinder, the second support frame is driven to move up and down. A helical groove is provided on the outer wall of the driving rod. When it is necessary to drive the conveying roller to rotate, the drive conveying wheel stops rotating, and the distance between the two conveying rollers is driven by the translation cylinder to increase, and then the cleaning roller is driven to move upward under the action of the first lifting cylinder; The driving rod is driven down under the action of the roller, as shown in Figure 11, so that the driving rod is in contact with the worm wheel on the conveying roller, and the driving rod is driven to rotate slowly, so that the teeth on the worm wheel extend into the spiral groove on the driving rod, so that when When the driving rod rotates, it can drive the rotation of the worm gear, and then drive the conveying roller to rotate in situ. When the conveying roller rotates, the potatoes between the conveying rollers rotate along with it. At this time, the cleaning roller below the potato rotates, and the bristles contact the potato to clean the soil.

As shown in FIG. 12 , the potato harvester includes a conveying device, a vibrating unit arranged on the front side of the conveying device, and a shovel unit arranged on the front side of the vibrating unit. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 , the shovel unit includes an inclined Shovel plate 8, two sets of mounting plates 81 fixed on the bottom of the shovel plate, lift cylinders 82 hingedly connected with the first set of mounting plates, and the second set of mounting plates are hingedly connected with the frame 83. Under the action of keeping the blade in a tilted state. The upper end of the shovel plate faces the conveying device, and the vibration unit includes two sets of second sprockets 7, a second chain 71 arranged between the two second sprockets arranged in a group, and a number of vibrations arranged between the two second chains The gap between the rods 72 and the vibrating rods can only allow soil fragments and particles to pass through, and the potatoes move from bottom to top under the transporting action of the vibrating rods. In the process of conveying potatoes and soil by the vibrating unit, the vibrating rod will vibrate up and down, and then the soil particles and fragments will be thrown upside down. . The vibrating unit is installed on the frame 83, the second sprocket is rotatably connected to the frame, and the vibrating unit is arranged obliquely. The lower end of the vibration unit is located below the upper end of the blade, and the upper end of the vibration unit is located above the front end of the conveying device, so that the potatoes and soil dug up by the blade can move to the vibration unit along the blade, and can be transported and dropped by the vibration unit. On the conveying device, the potatoes are continuously conveyed and the soil on the potato surface is cleaned under the action of the conveying device.

For the frame on which the conveying device, the shovelling unit and the vibrating unit are installed, its function is to support and install the conveying device, the shovelling unit and the vibrating unit, and its structural form will not be described in detail.

The innovation of the present invention is:

(1) The distance between the conveying rollers of the conveying device can be adjusted. While conveying the potatoes, the adjacent conveying rollers cooperate to clean the soil on the surface of the potatoes to a certain extent;

(2) The conveying roller can move along a circular track, or rotate around its own axis, and when rotating around its own axis, it can rub and squeeze the soil on the surface of the potato, and then strengthen the cleaning of the soil on the surface of the potato;

(3) The setting of the cleaning unit, relying on the friction between the bristles and the potatoes, deeply cleans the broken small soil on the surface of the potatoes;

(4) The setting of the shovel unit and the vibrating unit. While shoveling the soil, the potato is shoveled, and the soil fragments are upside down under the action of the vibration unit. After the potatoes are shoveled, the soil fragments are first For separation, one is to avoid dust flying, and the other is to facilitate the subsequent cleaning of the soil on the potato surface.

Claims (5)

1. A conveying device, characterized in that it comprises: Conveying wheels, the conveying wheels are two groups arranged on the left and right, and a lever is fixed on the outer wall of the conveying wheels; Conveying roller unit, the conveying roller unit is arranged between the two groups of conveying wheels, the conveying roller unit includes a number of conveying rollers arranged one after the other, the two ends of the conveying roller are provided with roller shafts, and the first connection is hinged on the roller shafts The rod and the second connecting rod, between two adjacent conveying rollers, the second connecting rod on one conveying roller extends into the first connecting rod on the other conveying roller and is slidably connected with it. A connecting rod is provided with a spring, and the spring connects the first and second connecting rods that are slidingly connected together; The translation oil cylinder has a sliding block fixed on the piston rod of the translation oil cylinder, the sliding block is rotatably connected with one group of conveying wheels, and the other group of conveying wheels rotates in situ; The bracket, the sliding block is slidably connected to the bracket, the translation oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the bracket, and the other group of conveying wheels is connected to the bracket in rotation; it also includes a cleaning unit, which includes a first support arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer of the conveying roller unit rack, a first lifting oil cylinder that drives the first support rack to move up and down, several cleaning rollers installed on the first supporting rack, and a synchronizing mechanism that drives several cleaning rollers to move synchronously. The outer wall of the cleaning roller is provided with bristles. The potato contact between them realizes the cleaning of the soil; the cleaning unit also includes a driving mechanism that drives the conveying roller to rotate around its own axis, and the driving mechanism includes a second supporting frame arranged above the conveying roller unit, and driving the second supporting frame. The second lifting oil cylinder that moves up and down, the driving rod installed in the lower part of the second supporting frame in rotation, the driving rod is provided with a spiral groove, and each conveying roller is coaxially provided with a worm wheel, and the teeth on the worm wheel extend into the spiral groove Then, the rotation of the driving rod drives the synchronous rotation of the worm gear and the conveying roller. 2 . The conveying device according to claim 1 , wherein the lever is evenly arranged along the outer wall of the conveying wheel, the first end of the lever is fixed in contact with the conveying wheel, and the second end of the lever is provided with a first lever. 3 . teeth and second shifting teeth, and the length of the first shifting teeth is greater than that of the second shifting teeth. 3. A conveying device according to claim 1, wherein the synchronizing mechanism comprises a driven sprocket arranged coaxially with the cleaning roller, a guide sprocket rotatably installed in the middle of the first support frame, and a rotatably installed sprocket. Two first sprockets at the lower part of the first support frame, the first chain disposed between the first sprocket and the guide sprocket and the driven sprocket. 4 . The conveying device according to claim 1 , wherein a shaft seat is rotatably installed at both ends of the roller shaft, and the shaft seat is slidably installed on the bracket along an annular track. 5 . 5 . The conveying device according to claim 1 , wherein a first fixed seat and a second fixed seat are fixed on the bracket, and a first fixed seat slidably connected to the first fixed seat is fixed on the first support frame. 6 . A sliding rod, a second sliding rod slidably connected with the second fixing base is fixed on the second support frame.

Images