CN114275137B - Shafting structure for compact axial-flow water-jet propeller - Google Patents
Shafting structure for compact axial-flow water-jet propeller Download PDFInfo
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- CN114275137B CN114275137B CN202111544967.2A CN202111544967A CN114275137B CN 114275137 B CN114275137 B CN 114275137B CN 202111544967 A CN202111544967 A CN 202111544967A CN 114275137 B CN114275137 B CN 114275137B
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于紧凑型轴流式喷水推进器的轴系结构，其包括主轴、叶轮、支撑组件、密封组件；支撑组件包括安装在主轴前端的滚动轴承组、前轴承座、前填料盖板、前油封盖板，和安装在主轴后端的调心球轴承、后底板、后盖板；滚动轴承组包括两个背靠背配置的角接触球轴承，用于承受轴向负荷与径向负荷，并作为主轴的支撑；角接触球轴承的内圈通过锁紧螺母安装在主轴一侧，角接触球轴承外圈安装在前轴承座中；前轴承座安装在喷水推进器的进水流道上预留的出轴孔处；后底板、后盖板分别安装在调心球轴承的两侧，用于固定调心球轴承的轴向位置。本发明结构紧凑，兼顾运行稳定性与高转速、高功率。
The invention discloses a shafting structure for a compact axial-flow water-jet propeller, which comprises a main shaft, an impeller, a support assembly, and a sealing assembly; the support assembly includes a rolling bearing set installed at the front end of the main shaft, a front bearing seat, and a front packing Cover plate, front oil seal cover plate, self-aligning ball bearing, rear bottom plate and rear cover plate installed at the rear end of the main shaft; the rolling bearing set includes two angular contact ball bearings arranged back-to-back to bear axial load and radial load, And as the support of the main shaft; the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing is installed on one side of the main shaft through the lock nut, and the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing is installed in the front bearing seat; the front bearing seat is installed on the water inlet channel of the water jet propulsion. The left shaft hole; the rear bottom plate and the rear cover plate are respectively installed on both sides of the self-aligning ball bearing to fix the axial position of the self-aligning ball bearing. The invention has a compact structure, and takes into account the running stability, high rotational speed and high power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fluid machinery and mechanical transmission, in particular to a shafting structure for a compact axial-flow water-jet propeller.
Background
In an axial flow water jet propeller, the main function of a shafting structure is to transmit the power of a driving machine (including a motor, a diesel engine and the like) to drive an impeller to rotate, so that the rotating impeller blades generate the pushing and extruding action on a working medium (usually water), and the medium is sucked and extruded to generate thrust. As shown in fig. 1, a driving shaft system of a water jet propeller generally comprises a driving flange (or a coupling), a main shaft, a front sealing device, a front bearing set, an impeller, a rear bearing set, a rear sealing device and the like, and belongs to a double-point supporting structure. The components have more complex structures and larger sizes, and are more suitable for large-scale water jet propellers. However, when the shafting structure faces to a small-size compact axial flow water jet propeller (especially has a high requirement on the shafting working performance), the shafting structure often cannot be well adapted and applied, and generally shows that:
(1) preceding sealing device is bulky, axial length is long, is difficult to arrange in small-size water jet propulsion's the water inlet flow way, need inside or outside occupation space, influences water jet propulsion's performance: occupying pump flowpath space inward. Cause a large loss of flow path performance; corresponding structures need to be added outwards, so that the overall structural strength is not facilitated, and the size miniaturization and weight reduction are not facilitated.
(2) The maximum diameters of the impeller and the guide impeller hub of the small water jet propeller are usually small, while the minimum diameter of the main shaft is strictly limited by the strength and cannot be too small, in this case, the volume of the rear bearing group and the rear sealing device often exceeds the allowable space of the hub, and the small water jet propeller is not installed.
(3) The installation wall thickness and the strength of the fastener can not meet the requirements, and the fastener is easy to damage.
At present, some existing shafting structures aiming at small-size axial flow type water jet propellers adopt cantilever beam type designs with simpler single-point type supporting structures, and the existing designs are easy to generate phenomena such as vibration, friction and the like which are not beneficial to the stable operation of the water jet propeller during high-speed operation; the other part adopts a main shaft-shaft sleeve type design, the existing design belongs to a double-point type supporting structure, but the maximum diameter of the main shaft is limited, otherwise, the existing design occupies a large amount of internal space of a flow passage to cause performance damage, and the existing design is not suitable for a compact water jet propeller with high rotating speed and high power.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect that the existing water-jet propeller driving shaft system cannot be suitable for a small compact axial-flow water-jet propeller or a cantilever beam type driving shaft system is not beneficial to the stable operation of the water-jet propeller, the invention designs a shaft system structure which has small size, small space occupation, light weight, no great influence on the performance of a flow channel, higher strength and higher operation stability aiming at a compact water-jet propeller with high rotating speed and high power. Compared with the existing scheme, the invention has the greatest advantage of taking into account the running stability and the high-rotating-speed and high-power performance indexes of the water-jet propeller, namely the applicable water-jet propeller has wider performance range (corresponding to high power and high rotating speed).
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a shafting structure for a compact axial-flow water jet propeller comprises a main shaft, an impeller, a supporting component and a sealing component;
the main shaft is connected with a superior power output shaft through a coupler and rotates under the action of driving power;
the impeller is connected to the main shaft through a key, and two ends of the impeller are locked through a shaft sleeve and a locking nut respectively; the impeller rotates along with the main shaft and generates stable working water flow so as to generate thrust;
the supporting assembly comprises a rolling bearing group, a front bearing seat, a front packing cover plate and a front oil seal cover plate which are arranged at the front end of the main shaft, and a self-aligning ball bearing, a rear bottom plate and a rear cover plate which are arranged at the rear end of the main shaft;
the rolling bearing group comprises two angular contact ball bearings which are configured back to back, is used for bearing axial load and radial load and is used as a support of the main shaft; the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing is arranged on one side of the main shaft through a lock nut, and the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing is arranged in the front bearing seat; the front bearing seat is arranged at a reserved shaft outlet hole on a water inlet flow channel of the water-jet propeller;
the rear base plate and the rear cover plate are respectively arranged on two sides of the self-aligning ball bearing and are used for fixing the axial position of the self-aligning ball bearing;
the sealing assembly is used for isolating a lubricating oil working medium in the front bearing seat cavity and water outside the cavity, and specifically comprises a front oil seal, a rear oil seal and a sealing filler, wherein the front oil seal and the rear oil seal are arranged in the front bearing seat and are respectively positioned on two sides of the rolling bearing group and used for preventing lubricating oil from leaving the bearing seat cavity; the sealing filler is positioned in the front bearing seat to prevent water from entering a cavity of the bearing seat; the front oil seal cover plate and the front packing cover plate are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the front bearing group and are respectively used for fixing the front oil seal and the packing.
Further, the main shaft is a solid long main shaft, 3Cr13 is used as a material, and the main shaft is processed and then treated by a surface nitriding process.
Further, the rolling bearing set is lubricated and cooled by oil.
Further, the locknuts for locking the inner rings of the rolling bearing group are anti-loose round nuts used in pairs.
Furthermore, a blind flow channel for adding lubricating oil is processed in the front bearing seat and connected with an external lubricating oil tank, so that the lubricating oil can circularly flow in a closed system of the front bearing seat through the height difference, flow and pressure control of an oil inlet and an oil outlet, and the lubricating oil is kept to be immersed in 40% of a bearing cavity all the time when the rolling bearing group works.
Furthermore, the self-aligning ball bearing is made of ceramic materials.
Furthermore, the self-aligning ball bearing is located in a guide blade body hub of the water jet propeller and used as a support of the main shaft.
Further, the locknuts locking the impellers are locknuts used in pairs.
Further, the impeller has 4 blades.
Further, the filler seal is a polytetrafluoroethylene soft seal.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention overcomes the defects that the existing supporting structure and sealing structure are complex and can not be suitable for a compact axial structure by simplifying the supporting structure and sealing structure, designing a dark flow passage in the bearing seat and maintaining the circulation of lubricating oil through an external oil tank. After the supporting structure and the sealing structure are simplified, the shafting still can have good supporting effect and sealing effect, and the rolling bearing group still can obtain good lubricating and cooling effect.
(2) The rear end of the main shaft of the invention adopts the rear bottom plate and the rear cover plate to replace the design of the traditional bearing seat, so that the whole shafting structure is more compact, the invention can adapt to the limited hub space of the small-size water-jet propeller, is convenient to disassemble and assemble and keeps good maintenance performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a shafting structure of a typical large-scale water jet propeller;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the shafting structure for the compact axial-flow water jet propeller according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the front end of the spindle;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of the rear end of the spindle;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the front bearing housing.
In the figure, a main shaft 1, a rolling bearing group 2, a front bearing seat 3, a positioning ring 4, a front oil seal cover plate 5, a front packing cover plate 6, a self-aligning ball bearing 7, a rear bottom plate 8, a rear cover plate 9, a locking nut pair 10, a sealing packing 11, a front framework oil seal 12, a rear framework oil seal 13, a sealing ring 14, an impeller 15, a flat key 16, a shaft sleeve 17, a locking nut pair 18, a guide vane body 19, a water inlet flow passage 20, a lubricating oil blind flow passage 21 and a lubricating oil tank 22.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, and the objects and effects of the present invention will become more apparent, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides a shafting structure for transmitting driving power for a compact axial-flow water-jet propeller, which is applied to the fields of fluid machinery and mechanical transmission, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the shafting structure for the compact axial-flow water jet propeller of the present invention specifically includes a main shaft 1, a rolling bearing group 2, a front bearing seat 3, a front sealing device, a self-aligning ball bearing 7, a rear sealing device and an impeller 15.
The main shaft 1 is connected with a superior power output shaft through a driving flange (or a coupling), rotates under the action of driving power and is used for transmitting the driving power; the main shaft 1 is a solid long main shaft, the material is 3Cr13, and the surface nitriding process is used for processing after processing; the 3Cr13 material has good machining performance, has higher strength, excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance and polishing performance after heat treatment, can further improve the hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength, seizure resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the surface of the main shaft 1 after surface nitriding process treatment, and is beneficial to maintaining the working performance of the main shaft 1 in a high-rotating-speed and high-power state.
The rolling bearing group 2 is mainly used for bearing axial load and radial load and is used as a support of the main shaft 1; the rolling bearing group 2 comprises a pair of angular contact ball bearings which are arranged back to back; the rolling bearing group 2 locks the bearing inner ring at the front end side of the main shaft 1 through a locking nut pair 10, and the interference fit of k6 is adopted between the inner ring of the rolling bearing group 2 and the main shaft 1; the outer ring of the rolling bearing group 2 is arranged in a bearing working cavity of the front bearing seat 3 and is in interference fit with H7; the front bearing seat 3 is arranged at a reserved shaft outlet hole on a water inlet flow channel of the water-jet propeller. The bearing group configured back to back can provide relatively high cantilever end rigidity, and the shaft is not easy to be stuck and damaged when being heated and extended, so that the bearing group is suitable for an environment with small bearing space and no heat dissipation.
The front sealing device of the scheme of the invention is composed of a front bearing seat 3, a positioning ring 4, a front oil seal cover plate 5, a front filler cover plate 6, a sealing filler 11, a front framework oil seal 12, a rear framework oil seal 13 and a sealing ring 14, and is used for isolating a lubricating oil working medium in a cavity of the front bearing seat 3 and water outside the cavity as shown in figure 3. The front framework oil seal 12 and the rear framework oil seal 13 are arranged in the front bearing seat 13 and are respectively positioned at two sides of the rolling bearing group 2 and used for preventing lubricating oil from leaving the cavity of the bearing seat; the sealing packing 11 is located in the front bearing seat and is compressed by the front packing cover plate 6, so that water is prevented from entering the cavity of the bearing seat. Compared with a large water jet propeller, the front sealing device is greatly simplified under the condition of no great loss of performance, and the axial length and the whole volume are greatly shortened so as to adapt to the compact water jet propeller.
The polytetrafluoroethylene soft sealing material has extremely low friction coefficient, self-lubricating property, good surface non-stick property, good mechanical property, chemical corrosion resistance, atmospheric aging resistance, insulation and the like, is suitable for oil-free lubrication, and can keep good mechanical property, chemical corrosion resistance, insulation and the like at a wider temperature range of-196-260 ℃, and the invention utilizes the characteristics of the polytetrafluoroethylene soft sealing material to manufacture the sealing filler 11 to separate water in a flow channel from a working cavity of the front bearing seat 3;
lubricating oil is filled between the front framework oil seal 12 and the rear framework oil seal 13 in a working cavity of the front bearing block 3, so that the rolling bearing group 2 is lubricated and cooled. In the scheme of the invention, the sealing lip of the front framework oil seal 12 is directly contacted with the surface of the locking nut pair I10, and correspondingly, the surfaces of the locking nut pair I10 paired round nuts need to be processed with high precision to meet the sealing requirement; the simplified design greatly reduces the length of the front sealing device extending out of the flow channel, so that the volume of the water-jet propeller can be more compact;
the actual volume of the working cavity of the simplified front bearing pedestal 3 is smaller, and the contained lubricating oil is limited, so that the invention is also additionally provided with a set of lubricating oil filling system, which comprises the following steps: in the invention, a lubricating oil blind flow passage 21 is processed in a front bearing seat 3, an inlet and an outlet are arranged on a flange of the front bearing seat 3, and form a lubricating oil closed loop with an external lubricating oil tank 22, as shown in figure 5; by controlling the height difference, flow and pressure of the oil inlet and the oil outlet, the lubricating oil can circularly flow in the closed loop, and the lubricating oil is kept to be always immersed in 40% of the bearing cavity when the rolling bearing group 2 works, so that the working environment and performance of the rolling bearing group 2 are optimized, and the service life of a product is prolonged;
the self-aligning ball bearing 7 is arranged on the rear end side of the main shaft 1 and in the hub of the guide blade body 19 of the water jet propeller and is used for supporting the main shaft 1; the inner ring of the self-aligning ball bearing 7 is in interference fit with the main shaft 1 by k6, and the outer ring of the self-aligning ball bearing is in interference fit with the hub of the guide vane body 19 by H7; the self-aligning ball bearing 7 adopts a double-row ceramic self-aligning ball bearing; the ceramic bearing has the performance characteristics of corrosion resistance, long service life, no need of extra lubricant for self-lubrication and the like, is suitable for being installed in places where a lubricating system is difficult to arrange, such as a guide vane body hub and the like, and can reduce the maintenance frequency of the self-aligning ball bearing 7 in the life cycle of a product; the ceramic bearing also provides certain dry grinding performance, can rotate in the air medium for a certain time without being damaged, and widens the use scene and the environment adaptability of the water jet propeller; the self-aligning bearing also allows a certain eccentricity (1) of the main shaft to be present, so as to facilitate the installation;
generally, a traditional rear sealing device is composed of a rear bearing seat, a sealing ring, a framework oil seal, a rear sealing cover plate and the like, and can be simplified and decomposed into a bottom plate and a sealing base; on the premise that the self-aligning ball bearing 7 adopts a ceramic bearing, a rear sealing device can be omitted under most working conditions (except extremely severe environments such as a large amount of slurry and the like), so that the space is greatly saved; after sufficient simplification, the present invention uses the rear floor 8 and rear cover 9 to replace the conventional rear seal; the rear bottom plate 8 is mainly used for tightly propping against the outer ring of the rear bearing and is convenient to disassemble during maintenance (the guide impeller hub is communicated, a plug is installed at ordinary times and is sealed, and a tool is used for propping against the bottom plate from the rear end during maintenance so as to push out the rear bearing); the flange outer edge of the rear cover plate 9 is flush with the hub of the guide vane body 19, namely the flange outer edge of the rear cover plate 9 forms a part of the hub of the guide vane body 19, the design is favorable for conveniently arranging and fixing a threaded hole of the rear cover plate 9, the diameter and the depth of the threaded hole are increased, and the minimum wall thickness of the threaded hole is increased, so that the structural strength and the reliability are improved;
the impeller 15 is fixed on the corresponding position of the main shaft 1 through a flat key 16, a shaft sleeve 17 and a locking nut pair 18.
The first locking nut pair 10 and the second locking nut pair 18 are both composed of round locking nuts used in pairs.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the form and details of the embodiments may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. All modifications, equivalents and the like which come within the spirit and principle of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A shafting structure for a compact axial-flow water-jet propeller is characterized by comprising a main shaft, an impeller, a supporting component and a sealing component;
the main shaft is connected with a superior power output shaft through a coupler and rotates under the action of driving power;
the impeller is connected to the main shaft through a key, and two ends of the impeller are locked through a shaft sleeve and a locking nut respectively; the impeller rotates along with the main shaft and generates stable working water flow so as to generate thrust;
the supporting assembly comprises a rolling bearing group, a front bearing seat, a front packing cover plate and a front oil seal cover plate which are arranged at the front end of the main shaft, and a self-aligning ball bearing, a rear bottom plate and a rear cover plate which are arranged at the rear end of the main shaft;
the rolling bearing group comprises two angular contact ball bearings which are configured back to back, is used for bearing axial load and radial load and is used as a support of the main shaft; an inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing is arranged on one side of the main shaft through a lock nut, and an outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing is arranged in the front bearing seat; the front bearing seat is arranged at a reserved shaft outlet hole on a water inlet flow channel of the water-jet propeller;
the rear base plate and the rear cover plate are respectively arranged on two sides of the self-aligning ball bearing and used for fixing the axial position of the self-aligning ball bearing;
the sealing assembly is used for isolating a lubricating oil working medium in the front bearing seat cavity and water outside the cavity, and specifically comprises a front oil seal, a rear oil seal and a sealing filler, wherein the front oil seal and the rear oil seal are arranged in the front bearing seat and are respectively positioned on two sides of the rolling bearing group and used for preventing lubricating oil from leaving the bearing seat cavity; the sealing filler is positioned in the front bearing seat to prevent water from entering a cavity of the bearing seat; the front oil seal cover plate and the front filler cover plate are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the front bearing group and are respectively used for fixing the front oil seal and the sealing filler;
the rolling bearing group is lubricated and cooled by oil;
the front bearing seat is internally provided with a blind flow channel for adding lubricating oil and is connected with an external lubricating oil tank, so that the lubricating oil can circularly flow in a closed system of the front bearing seat through the height difference, flow and pressure control of an oil inlet and an oil outlet, and the lubricating oil is kept to be immersed in 40% of a bearing cavity all the time when a rolling bearing group works.
2. The shafting structure for the compact axial-flow water jet propeller of claim 1, wherein the main shaft is a solid long main shaft, the material of the main shaft is 3Cr13, and the main shaft is processed and then treated by a surface nitriding process.
3. The shafting structure for the compact axial-flow water jet propeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the self-aligning ball bearing is made of a ceramic material.
4. A shafting structure for a compact axial flow water jet according to claim 1, wherein said self-aligning ball bearing is located in a blade body hub of said water jet for supporting said main shaft.
5. A shaft system structure for a compact axial flow waterjet according to claim 1 wherein the locknuts locking the impellers are locknuts used in pairs.
6. A shafting arrangement for a compact axial flow waterjet propeller as in claim 1, wherein said impeller has 4 blades.
7. A shafting structure for a compact axial flow waterjet according to claim 1, wherein said packing seal is a teflon soft seal.
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| CN202111544967.2A CN114275137B (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Shafting structure for compact axial-flow water-jet propeller |
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| CN114275137B true CN114275137B (en) | 2022-09-30 |
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| CN115593596A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-01-13 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司（Cn） | Inflating device for water-jet propeller and control method thereof |
| CN115432158B (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2025-10-03 | 江苏大学 | A dual-channel, dual-stage, high-efficiency, low-noise underwater propeller |
| CN118088498B (en) * | 2024-03-27 | 2025-02-11 | 上海船舶运输科学研究所有限公司 | A guide vane body with cooling channel, an axial flow pump and a manufacturing method thereof |
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