CN114244147A - Electromagnetic field coupling generation device and method for electromagnetic strengthening treatment - Google Patents
Electromagnetic field coupling generation device and method for electromagnetic strengthening treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114244147A CN114244147A CN202111548918.6A CN202111548918A CN114244147A CN 114244147 A CN114244147 A CN 114244147A CN 202111548918 A CN202111548918 A CN 202111548918A CN 114244147 A CN114244147 A CN 114244147A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/162—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/1623—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit
- H02M7/1626—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit with automatic control of the output voltage or current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic field coupling generating device and method for electromagnetic strengthening treatment, wherein the device comprises an electromagnetic generator and at least one pulse electric field generator; the pulse electric field generator comprises a main switch, one end of the main switch is connected with an external three-phase power supply, the other end of the main switch is sequentially connected with a thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit, a transformer and a diode rectifying circuit, and the output end of the diode rectifying circuit is connected with a voltage sampling circuit, an internal discharge circuit, an energy storage capacitor, a freewheeling diode and a thyristor bridge type output circuit in parallel; the controlled end of the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit is connected with the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit, and the controlled end of the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit is connected with the PI regulator; the controlled end of the thyristor bridge type output circuit is connected with a thyristor synchronous triggering unit, and the thyristor synchronous triggering unit is connected with a main controller. The invention realizes more perfect electromagnetic coupling effect, reduces unnecessary pulse current action time, greatly saves resources and reduces the possibility of test piece oxidation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electromagnetic coupling, in particular to an electromagnetic field coupling generation device and method for electromagnetic strengthening treatment.
Background
The pulse electromagnetic field technology is utilized to realize the repair of the microscopic defects in the metal material, the regulation and control of residual stress, the change of microstructure and the improvement of fatigue strength, thereby greatly prolonging the service life of the metal material and gradually becoming the focus of attention of tradesmen.
With the existing pulsed electromagnetic processing apparatus and process, although the development of the external field modification process for the metal material is guided, there are still many problems in itself, such as:
(1) the coupling mechanism is imperfect:
electromagnetic composite external field processing differs from electric or magnetic field processing alone, with the core of composite field technology being multi-field coupling. The electromagnetic coupling technology is characterized in that an electric field and a magnetic field simultaneously act on a workpiece to be processed in the same space; the change in the properties of the workpiece is not a mechanical superposition of the effects of the individual magnetic field treatments and the individual electric field treatments, but a compound gain. Although the existing electromagnetic field generating device can achieve macroscopic synchronization, namely, a high-frequency magnetic field and an electric field can be applied to a processing space at the same time, due to factors such as the difference of pulse frequencies of the electric field and the magnetic field, the transient property of the pulse electric field, the time continuity of magnetic field charging and discharging and the like, the effect of ensuring the two fields to act at the same time is difficult to ensure in the millisecond time of one magnetic pulse period, and therefore, the significance of coupling is lost.
(2) The upper limit of the electromagnetic field intensity is lower:
according to the existing data, the higher the magnetic field intensity and the electric field intensity are in a certain range, the more obvious the modification effect on the material performance is, but the upper limits of the magnetic field intensity and the electric field intensity adopted by the existing equipment are both lower (3T), the processing requirements of parts with larger sizes are difficult to meet, and the development and the application of the electromagnetic external field modification technology are limited.
(3) High energy consumption and low efficiency and cause the oxidation of the test piece:
when the pulse electromagnetic field works, the pulse magnetic field is in the energy storage period, but the pulse electromagnetic field continuously works, so that resource waste is caused, and the energy-saving development advocated at present is not facilitated. In addition, the pulse magnetic field is not coupled with the pulse current in the magnetizing stage, and the current work formula Q is I2RT can be obtained, and the longer the magnetic field magnetizing time is, the more heat can be generated by the current working, so that the test piece is oxidized, and a large amount of errors are generated on the result explored by the experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the electromagnetic field coupling generation device and method for electromagnetic strengthening treatment provided by the invention solve the problem that a test piece with an imperfect coupling mechanism is easy to oxidize.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an electromagnetic field coupling generating device for electromagnetic strengthening treatment is provided, which comprises an electromagnetic generator and at least one pulse electric field generator;
an electromagnetic generator for generating a magnetic field;
the pulse electric field generator is used for generating direct-current voltage when the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic generator reaches a set value; the output end of the diode rectifying circuit is connected with a voltage sampling circuit, an internal discharge circuit, an energy storage capacitor, a freewheeling diode and a thyristor bridge type output circuit in parallel; the controlled end of the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit is connected with the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit, the controlled end of the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit is connected with the PI regulator, and the PI regulator is connected with the main controller; the controlled end of the thyristor bridge type output circuit is connected with a thyristor synchronous triggering unit, and the thyristor synchronous triggering unit is connected with a main controller; the voltage sampling circuit is connected with the main controller; wherein:
the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit is used for regulating the on-off of each phase of an external three-phase power supply through a thyristor and stabilizing the voltage entering a subsequent component;
a transformer for varying the value of the voltage entering the subsequent component;
the voltage sampling circuit is used for acquiring voltage values at two ends of the energy storage capacitor and feeding back the voltage values to the main controller;
an internal discharge circuit for internal discharge to protect the remaining components of the pulsed electric field generator;
the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit is used for controlling the on-off of a thyristor in the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit;
the thyristor bridge type output circuit is used for shifting the phase of the output voltage by controlling the on-off of the thyristor;
the thyristor synchronous trigger unit is used for controlling the on-off of a thyristor in the thyristor bridge type output circuit;
the main controller is used for controlling the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit; and the phase shift trigger unit is used for controlling the thyristor according to the feedback value of the voltage sampling circuit.
Further, the electromagnetic generator comprises a direct current power supply and a magnetism-gathering solenoid; the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic gathering solenoid is 0-9T, the magnetic pulse frequency is 0.3-2 Hz, and the interval time between two adjacent magnetic pulses is 0.1-5 seconds; the pulse current density of the pulse electric field generator is 10-3 multiplied by 103A/mm2The action time of a single electric pulse is 0.01-10 ms, and the interval time of two adjacent electric pulses is 0.1-5 seconds.
Furthermore, the thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating circuit comprises three groups of thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating units with the same structure, and each group of thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating units is connected with one phase of the three-phase power supply; each group of thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating units comprises a resonant circuit and two thyristors which are connected in parallel, and the two thyristors in the same thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating unit are reversely arranged; the controlled end of each thyristor in the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit is respectively connected with the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit.
Furthermore, the thyristors in the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating unit are all unidirectional thyristors with controlled cathodes; the resonant circuit includes a resistor and a capacitor in series.
Further, the transformer includes three secondary windings; the diode rectifying circuit comprises three groups of diode rectifying units; the input end of each diode rectifying unit is connected with a secondary coil of a transformer; each diode rectifying unit comprises six diodes connected in series, and the input end of each diode rectifying unit is positioned between the third diode and the fourth diode; the last three negative electrode ports of the three groups of diode rectifying units are connected and used as the positive electrodes of the diode rectifying circuits, and the first three positive electrode ports of the three groups of diode rectifying units are connected and used as the negative electrodes of the diode rectifying circuits.
Furthermore, the negative electrode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the positive electrode of the diode rectifying circuit, and the positive electrode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the negative electrode of the diode rectifying circuit; two ends of the voltage sampling circuit, the energy storage capacitor and the internal discharge circuit are respectively connected with two poles of the diode rectifying circuit.
Furthermore, the thyristor bridge-type output circuit is formed by connecting four thyristor output units in a bridge mode, two opposite end points of a bridge formed by the four thyristor output units are respectively connected with two poles of the diode rectifying circuit, and the other two opposite end points are respectively used as a positive output end and a negative output end;
each thyristor output unit comprises two thyristor output subunits which are connected in series, each thyristor output subunit comprises a three-line parallel component, and the first line parallel component comprises a resistor; the second line parallel component comprises two capacitors and a resistor which are sequentially connected in series; the third line shunt component comprises a thyristor.
A generating method of an electromagnetic field coupling generating device for electromagnetic strengthening treatment is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring voltage values at two ends of the energy storage capacitor through a voltage sampling circuit;
s2, comparing the voltage values at two ends of the energy storage capacitor with a set value, and generating a control signal to control the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit by adopting a PI feedback method until the energy storage capacitor obtains the voltage value meeting the set requirement;
s3, obtaining the magnetic property B1 according to the material of the electromagnetic strengthening processing object;
s4, starting the electromagnetic generator to discharge magnetism, and when the magnetic field intensity in the magnetic discharge stage is greater than B1, controlling a thyristor bridge type output circuit through a thyristor synchronous trigger unit to enable the pulse electric field generator to release pulse current to the electromagnetic strengthening processing object;
and S5, stopping the pulse electric field generator from releasing the pulse current to the electromagnetic strengthening processing object when the magnetic field intensity in the magnetic releasing stage is attenuated to B1, and ending the single electromagnetic strengthening processing.
Further, a specific method of causing the pulsed electric field generator to discharge the pulsed current to the electromagnetic enhancement processing object in step S4 is:
and discharging according to the action time of a single electric pulse of 0.01-10 ms and the interval time of two adjacent electric pulses of 0.1-5 seconds in a magnetic discharge stage when the magnetic field intensity is greater than B1 by switching different pulse electric field generators or different transformer secondary sides.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the control loop samples the voltage of the capacitor through the voltage of the high-voltage end, compares the voltage with a set value, and then realizes the voltage stabilization control of the preset voltage through PI feedback and a thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit; the output part is preset, the corresponding forward or reverse thyristor can be controlled by the PLC to be conducted and output, and the electric field and the magnetic field intensity waveform output by the equipment can be monitored in real time by matching the high-speed pulse current sensor and the pulse magnetic field measuring instrument, so that the accurate regulation and control of the sizes of the electric field and the magnetic field can be realized. In addition, the pulse electric field generating source comprises a plurality of coils, each coil can independently excite pulse current with adjustable pulse direction, pulse width and peak voltage, and better electric field and magnetic field coupling effect can be achieved through corresponding control.
2. The invention realizes more perfect electromagnetic coupling effect, reduces unnecessary pulse current action time, greatly saves resources and reduces the possibility of test piece oxidation. In addition, research shows that the high-energy pulse electromagnetic external field can promote high-energy state atoms in the metal to move to a new equilibrium position more quickly and reduce the free energy of the system. Therefore, the invention can improve the microscopic unevenness of the material and further improve the tensile strength, the fracture toughness and the fatigue strength of the metal on the basis of the heat treatment strengthening, the mechanical strengthening and the surface strengthening of the alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit configuration of a pulsed electric field generator;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the method.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, the electromagnetic field coupling generating device for electromagnetic strengthening treatment comprises a high-speed pulse current sensor, a pulse magnetic field measuring instrument, an electromagnetic generator and at least one pulse electric field generator;
an electromagnetic generator for generating a magnetic field;
the pulse electric field generator is used for generating direct-current voltage when the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic generator reaches a set value; the output end of the diode rectifying circuit is connected with a voltage sampling circuit, an internal discharge circuit, an energy storage capacitor, a freewheeling diode and a thyristor bridge type output circuit in parallel; the controlled end of the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit is connected with the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit, the controlled end of the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit is connected with the PI regulator, and the PI regulator is connected with the main controller; the controlled end of the thyristor bridge type output circuit is connected with a thyristor synchronous triggering unit, and the thyristor synchronous triggering unit is connected with a main controller; the voltage sampling circuit is connected with the main controller; wherein:
the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit is used for regulating the on-off of each phase of an external three-phase power supply through a thyristor and stabilizing the voltage entering a subsequent component;
a transformer for varying the value of the voltage entering the subsequent component;
the voltage sampling circuit is used for acquiring voltage values at two ends of the energy storage capacitor and feeding back the voltage values to the main controller;
an internal discharge circuit for internal discharge to protect the remaining components of the pulsed electric field generator;
the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit is used for controlling the on-off of a thyristor in the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit;
the thyristor bridge type output circuit is used for shifting the phase of the output voltage by controlling the on-off of the thyristor;
the thyristor synchronous trigger unit is used for controlling the on-off of a thyristor in the thyristor bridge type output circuit;
the main controller is used for controlling the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit; and the phase shift trigger unit is used for controlling the thyristor according to the feedback value of the voltage sampling circuit.
The high-speed pulse current sensor and the pulse magnetic field measuring instrument are respectively used for measuring the current and the magnetic field intensity, and the control of the coupling time is convenient.
The electromagnetic generator comprises a direct current power supply and a magnetism-gathering solenoid; the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic gathering solenoid is 0-9T, the magnetic pulse frequency is 0.3-2 Hz, and the interval time between two adjacent magnetic pulses is 0.1-5 seconds; the pulse current density of the pulse electric field generator is 10-3 multiplied by 103A/mm2The action time of a single electric pulse is 0.01-10 ms, and the interval time of two adjacent electric pulses is 0.1-5 seconds.
The thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating circuit comprises three groups of thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating units with the same structure, and each group of thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating units is connected with one phase of a three-phase power supply; each group of thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating units comprises a resonant circuit and two thyristors which are connected in parallel, and the two thyristors in the same thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating unit are reversely arranged; the controlled end of each thyristor in the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit is respectively connected with the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit.
The thyristors in the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating unit are all cathode controlled unidirectional thyristors; the resonant circuit includes a resistor and a capacitor in series.
The transformer comprises three secondary side coils; the diode rectifying circuit comprises three groups of diode rectifying units; the input end of each diode rectifying unit is connected with a secondary coil of a transformer; each diode rectifying unit comprises six diodes connected in series, and the input end of each diode rectifying unit is positioned between the third diode and the fourth diode; the last three negative electrode ports of the three groups of diode rectifying units are connected and used as the positive electrodes of the diode rectifying circuits, and the first three positive electrode ports of the three groups of diode rectifying units are connected and used as the negative electrodes of the diode rectifying circuits.
The negative pole of the freewheeling diode is connected with the positive pole of the diode rectifying circuit, and the positive pole of the freewheeling diode is connected with the negative pole of the diode rectifying circuit; two ends of the voltage sampling circuit, the energy storage capacitor and the internal discharge circuit are respectively connected with two poles of the diode rectifying circuit.
The thyristor bridge type output circuit is formed by connecting four thyristor output units in a bridge mode, two opposite end points of a bridge formed by the four thyristor output units are respectively connected with two poles of a diode rectifying circuit, and the other two opposite end points are respectively used as an anode output end and a cathode output end;
each thyristor output unit comprises two thyristor output subunits which are connected in series, each thyristor output subunit comprises a three-line parallel component, and the first line parallel component comprises a resistor; the second line parallel component comprises two capacitors and a resistor which are sequentially connected in series; the third line shunt component comprises a thyristor.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for generating the electromagnetic field coupling generating device for electromagnetic strengthening treatment comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring voltage values at two ends of the energy storage capacitor through a voltage sampling circuit;
s2, comparing the voltage values at two ends of the energy storage capacitor with a set value, and generating a control signal to control the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit by adopting a PI feedback method until the energy storage capacitor obtains the voltage value meeting the set requirement;
s3, obtaining the magnetic property B1 according to the material of the electromagnetic strengthening processing object;
s4, starting the electromagnetic generator to discharge magnetism, and when the magnetic field intensity in the magnetic discharge stage is greater than B1, controlling a thyristor bridge type output circuit through a thyristor synchronous trigger unit to enable the pulse electric field generator to release pulse current to the electromagnetic strengthening processing object;
and S5, stopping the pulse electric field generator from releasing the pulse current to the electromagnetic strengthening processing object when the magnetic field intensity in the magnetic releasing stage is attenuated to B1, and ending the single electromagnetic strengthening processing.
In step S4, the specific method for causing the pulsed electric field generator to discharge the pulsed current to the electromagnetic enhancement processing object is as follows: and discharging according to the action time of a single electric pulse of 0.01-10 ms and the interval time of two adjacent electric pulses of 0.1-5 seconds in a magnetic discharge stage when the magnetic field intensity is greater than B1 by switching different pulse electric field generators or different transformer secondary sides.
In the specific implementation process, an external three-phase power supply adopts 380B alternating current, high-voltage direct-current voltage of 1500V or 2500V can be formed by boosting of a transformer, rectification of a diode and constant-voltage control, and electric energy is stored in an energy storage capacitor to facilitate subsequent discharging.
One magnetic pulse duty cycle comprises two phases of magnetization and demagnetization, wherein the magnetization duration is large, the magnetization duration usually occupies 90% of the time, the magnetic field strength smoothly increases from 0 to a peak value during demagnetization, and then smoothly decreases to 0 (similar to the shape of a half sine wave, the horizontal axis represents time t, and the vertical axis represents the magnetic field strength B). In order to make the sample treatment effect as remarkable as possible, a fixed magnetic field strength value B1 (usually obtained according to the magnetic property of the treated material) is artificially selected in the magnetic discharge stage, and the duration of the magnetic field which is greater than the magnetic field strength B1 is called as the effective action time of the magnetic field (t2-t1), and the strength value is taken as the effective magnetic field treatment strength (the magnetic field strength which is greater than B1 is taken as the effective magnetic field treatment strength in the time period t2-t 1).
Considering that the magnetic field power supply is in discontinuous discharge, namely a longer time in one period is a magnetizing stage, and the time of a magnetic field discharging process is extremely short, in order to better realize the coupling of an electric field and a magnetic field, the invention simultaneously releases pulse current stored by the energy storage capacitor in the effective action time (t2-t1) of the magnetic field during the magnetic field discharging so as to form a transient pulse electric field. The invention achieves the effect of coexistence of the instantaneous strong magnetic field and the strong electric field by accurately controlling the time matching relationship of the pulse magnetic field and the pulse electric field, thereby realizing the electromagnetic external field coupling treatment on the parts.
In addition, what current equipment adopted when centre gripping sample is hydraulic pressure promotion mode (adopt hydraulic cylinder piston rod and electrode fixed, when passing through electrode centre gripping sample, the electrode can be convenient for let in the electric field, hydraulic cylinder piston rod can extrude the sample always simultaneously, after circular telegram a period, the temperature of sample can rise and soften, the continuous extrusion of hydraulic cylinder piston rod can let the sample warp), fix the sample through continuously providing pressure, but the sample temperature shock rise when electromagnetic treatment, there is the softening phenomenon in metal at instantaneous high temperature, hydraulic pressure continues to provide pressure this moment, probably lead to the sample to produce little deformation. The hydraulic pushing mode is replaced by a servo motor for driving, the screw nut is driven to move axially along the screw by controlling the rotation of the screw through the servo motor and can be stopped and maintained at any position, so that a sample cannot be extruded, and the temperature and the clamping pressure value of the sample can be monitored in real time in the processing process by matching with a pressure sensor and an infrared thermometer, so that the monitoring of the experimental process is enhanced and the sample is prevented from being deformed due to clamping factors.
The specific electromagnetic strengthening treatment mode adopted by the invention is as follows:
if local microcrack initiation nuclei mainly formed by linear defect plugging in the microscopic defect configuration inside the metal material matrix to be repaired are selected, all coils are selected to excite forward pulse current and determine peak voltage, the device is started after the number and pulse width of the excitation pulse electric field coils are determined according to the effective magnetic field processing time, and the metal material can finish repairing the microscopic defects inside the metal material after being electromagnetically coupled for 5-30 s;
if the micro-crack initiation nuclei mainly composed of surface defects in the micro-defect configuration in the metal material matrix to be repaired are selected, all coils are selected to excite negative pulse current and determine peak voltage, the number and pulse width of the excitation pulse electric field coils are determined according to the effective magnetic field processing time, the device is started, and the metal material is subjected to electromagnetic coupling processing for 5-30s, so that the repairing of the micro-defects in the metal material can be completed;
if the metal material to be repaired is a ferromagnetic material and the local microcrack initiation nuclei formed by linear defect plugging are mainly used in the microscopic defect configuration in the matrix, the coils are selected to excite positive and negative staggered pulse current and determine the peak voltage, the number and the pulse width of the excitation pulse electric field coils are determined according to the effective magnetic field processing time, the device is started, and the metal material can finish the repair of the microscopic defects in the metal material after being electromagnetically coupled for 5-30 s.
Before the device is operated, positive and negative phase currents, pulse width and peak voltage of the pulse electric field can be preset (input through a liquid crystal screen on the main controller), and the peak magnetic field intensity B2 and the effective magnetic field processing intensity value B1 of the pulse magnetic field can be selected. When the equipment starts to operate, the pulse magnetic field and the pulse electric field are both in a charging state (charging and capacitive energy storage), the magnetic field is started in a magnetic release stage after the magnetic field is charged, the magnetic field is rapidly increased to the effective magnetic field treatment intensity B1, and at the moment, set pulse current can be provided according to actual requirements (the requirements of the treated material on the pulse electric field). The operation number of the pulse current generating coils, the positive and negative phases, the pulse width and the peak voltage of the pulse current generating coils can be independently adjusted in a full period, so that various processing schemes can be provided, and now, only three schemes are taken as examples for specific description, in order to better explain implementation of the schemes, four operation coils (the operation coils can be the number of secondary sides of a transformer or the number of pulse electric field generators) are drawn, and the four coils are sequentially numbered as coil 1, coil 2, coil 3 and coil 4.
The first scheme is as follows:
the electromagnetic generator reaches the demagnetizing condition after being magnetized for 0.1-5 s, and then the electromagnetic generator starts to discharge magnetism. After the magnetism is discharged to reach the effective magnetic field processing strength B, if the effective action time of the magnetic field is more than 4 times of the pulse width of a single pulse current excited by the pulse current generator, each coil can excite the pulse current with non-coincident pulse intervals within the effective action time of the magnetic field to form a transient electric field. The coil 1 excites the forward pulse current, after the coil 1 is finished, the coil 2 excites the forward pulse current, and so on, until the coil 4 excites the pulse, the magnetic field intensity is reduced to B, and then the magnetic field intensity is smaller than the effective magnetic field intensity, so that the electromagnetic coupling is not needed, until the magnetic field is demagnetized, the magnetizing stage of the next magnetic treatment period is entered, and the process is circulated again. The scheme realizes that four times of positive pulse electric fields are sequentially and completely applied within the effective action time of one magnetic pulse, and the effect of electromagnetic coupling is achieved.
Scheme II:
the electromagnetic generator reaches the demagnetizing condition after being magnetized for 0.1-5 s, and then the electromagnetic generator starts to discharge magnetism. After the magnetism is discharged to reach the effective magnetic field processing strength B, if the effective action time of the magnetic field is more than 4 times of the pulse width of a single pulse current excited by the pulse current generator, each coil can excite the pulse current with non-coincident pulse intervals within the effective action time of the magnetic field to form a transient electric field. The coil 1 excites forward pulse current, after the coil 1 is finished, the coil 2 excites reverse pulse current, after the pulse of the coil 2 is finished, the coil 3 excites the forward pulse current, after the pulse of the coil 3 is finished, the coil 4 excites the reverse pulse current, after the pulse of the pulse current generator 4 is finished, the magnetic field intensity is reduced to B, and then the magnetic field intensity is smaller than the effective magnetic field intensity, so that electromagnetic coupling is not carried out any more until the magnetic field is demagnetized, and the process is circulated again after the magnetic field is magnetized in the magnetizing stage of the next magnetic processing period. The scheme realizes that two forward and reverse pulse electric fields are sequentially and completely applied within the effective action time of one magnetic pulse, and the electromagnetic coupling effect is achieved.
The third scheme is as follows:
the electromagnetic generator reaches the demagnetizing condition after being magnetized for 0.1-5 s, and then the electromagnetic generator starts to discharge magnetism. After the magnetism is discharged to reach the effective magnetic field processing strength B, if the effective action time of the magnetic field is more than 2 times of the pulse width of a single pulse current excited by the pulse current generator, any two coils can excite the pulse current with non-coincident pulse intervals within the effective action time of the magnetic field to form a transient electric field. The coil 1 excites forward pulse current, after the coil 1 is finished, the coil 3 excites reverse pulse current, after the pulse of the coil 3 is finished, the magnetic field intensity is reduced to B, and then the magnetic field intensity is smaller than the effective magnetic field intensity, so that electromagnetic coupling is not carried out any more until the magnetic field is demagnetized, the magnetizing stage of the next magnetic processing period is entered, and the process is circulated again. The scheme realizes that a forward and reverse pulse electric field is sequentially and completely applied within the effective action time of one magnetic pulse, and the electromagnetic coupling effect is achieved. In the third scheme, the coil 2 and the coil 4 do not participate in the work.
Based on the above scheme explanation, the present application provides the following specific examples:
the first embodiment is as follows:
YG6 hard alloy produced in a certain factory is sintered to prepare a hard alloy bar with the diameter of 10mm, and the micro-crack initiation nucleus is mainly formed by surface defects such as stacking faults, sub-grain boundaries, phase interfaces and the like in the internal micro-defect configuration of the hard alloy bar. A servo motor is adopted to drive clamping, the clamping device is placed in the device, a power supply is switched on, the effective pulse magnetic field intensity is set to be 2.5T, the effective magnetic field time is 20ms, the frequency is 1Hz, and the single pulse interval is 1 s; four coils are adopted to sequentially excite pulse current, and the pulse current density is 10A/mm2The action time of a single pulse is 5ms, the frequency is 1Hz, and the interval of the single pulse is 1 s; the total treatment time was 30 s. The result shows that the hardness of the repaired hard alloy bar is HRA93.4, which is improved by 5.06% compared with the hardness HRA88.9 before repair; the bending strength of the repaired hard alloy bar is 2156MPa, which is 9.33% higher than the bending strength of 1972MPa before repair, and the mechanical strength performance of the hard alloy bar of the model is obviously improved.
The second embodiment is as follows:
YG6 hard alloy produced by a certain factory is sintered to prepare a hard alloy bar with the diameter of 10mm, and the hard alloy bar is preparedThe internal microscopic defect configuration mainly uses the surface defects of the stacking fault, the subboundary, the phase interface and the like to form a microcrack initiation nucleus. A servo motor is adopted to drive clamping, the clamping device is placed in the device, a power supply is switched on, the effective pulse magnetic field intensity is set to be 4T, the effective magnetic field time is 20ms, the frequency is 1Hz, and the single pulse interval is 1 s; four coils are adopted to sequentially excite pulse current, and the pulse current density is 15A/mm2The single pulse has an action time of 5ms, a frequency of 1Hz and a single pulse interval of 1 s. The result shows that the hardness is improved by 5.32 percent compared with HRA88.3 before repair; the bending strength of the repaired hard alloy bar is 2161MPa, which is 9.52 percent higher than the bending strength of 1973MPa before repair, the total time consumption is 22s, and the efficiency is improved by 26.7 percent compared with the low pressure reaching the similar repair condition.
The third concrete embodiment:
YG8 hard alloy produced in a certain factory is sintered to prepare a hard alloy bar with the diameter of 10mm, and the micro-crack initiation nuclei are mainly formed by surface defects such as stacking faults, subgrain boundaries, phase interfaces and the like in the internal micro-defect configuration of the hard alloy bar. A servo motor is adopted to drive the clamping, the clamping is placed in the device, a power supply is switched on, the effective pulse magnetic field strength is set to be 2.5T, the effective magnetic field time is set to be 10ms, the frequency is 2Hz, and the single pulse interval is set to be 0.5 s; three coils are adopted to sequentially excite pulse current, and the pulse current density is 15A/mm2The action time of a single pulse is 5ms, the frequency is 2Hz, and the interval of the single pulse is 1 s; the total treatment time was 30 s. The result shows that the hardness of the repaired hard alloy bar is HRA93.1, which is 6.77 percent higher than the hardness HRA87.2 before repair; the bending strength of the repaired hard alloy bar is 1737MPa, which is increased by 15.72 percent compared with the bending strength of 1501MPa before repairing, and the mechanical strength performance of the hard alloy bar of the type is obviously improved.
The fourth concrete embodiment:
YG8 hard alloy produced in a certain factory is sintered to prepare a hard alloy bar with the diameter of 10mm, and the micro-crack initiation nuclei are mainly formed by surface defects such as stacking faults, subgrain boundaries, phase interfaces and the like in the internal micro-defect configuration of the hard alloy bar. The servo motor is adopted to drive the clamping, the clamping is placed in the device, and the device is openedThe power supply sets the effective pulse magnetic field intensity to be 4T, the effective magnetic field time to be 10ms, the frequency to be 2Hz and the single pulse interval to be 0.5 s; three coils are adopted to sequentially excite pulse current, and the pulse current density is 20A/mm2The action time of a single pulse is 5ms, the frequency is 2Hz, and the interval of the single pulse is 1 s; the hardness of the repaired hard alloy bar is HRA93.6 which is improved by 7.09 percent compared with the hardness HRA87.4 before repair; the bending strength of the repaired hard alloy bar is 1742MPa, which is 15.9% higher than that before repair of 1503MPa, the total time consumption is 23s, and the efficiency is increased by 23.3% compared with the low pressure which reaches the similar repair condition.
The fifth concrete embodiment:
YG15 hard alloy produced by a certain factory is sintered to prepare a hard alloy bar with the diameter of 10mm, the hard alloy bar is a ferromagnetic material, and the micro defect configuration inside the matrix mainly comprises the surface defects such as stacking faults, subgrain boundaries, phase interfaces and the like to form a micro-crack initiation nucleus. A servo motor is adopted to drive the clamping, the clamping is placed in the device, a power supply is switched on, the effective pulse magnetic field strength is set to be 2.5T, the effective magnetic field time is set to be 5ms, the frequency is set to be 2Hz, and the single pulse interval is set to be 0.5 s; two coils are adopted to sequentially excite pulse current, and the pulse current density is 20A/mm2The action time of a single pulse is 2.5ms, the frequency is 2Hz, and the interval of the single pulse is 0.5 s; the total treatment time was 30 s. The result shows that the hardness of the repaired hard alloy bar is HRA90.1, which is improved by 3.56% compared with the hardness HRA87 before repair; the bending strength of the repaired hard alloy bar is 2402MPa, which is improved by 14.16% compared with 2104MPa before repairing, and the mechanical strength performance of the hard alloy bar of the model is obviously improved.
The sixth specific embodiment:
YG15 hard alloy produced in a certain factory is sintered to prepare a hard alloy bar with the diameter of 10mm, the hard alloy bar is a ferromagnetic material, and the micro defect configuration inside the matrix mainly comprises the surface defects such as stacking faults, subgrain boundaries, phase interfaces and the like to form a micro-crack initiation nucleus. The servo motor is adopted to drive the clamping, the clamping is placed in the device, the power supply is switched on, the effective pulse magnetic field strength is set to be 4T, the effective magnetic field time is 5ms, the frequency is 2Hz, andthe pulse interval is 0.5 s; two coils are adopted to sequentially excite pulse current, and the pulse current density is 25A/mm2The action time of a single pulse is 2.5ms, the frequency is 2Hz, and the interval of the single pulse is 0.5 s; the hardness of the repaired hard alloy bar is HRA89.5, which is improved by 3.82% compared with the hardness HRA86.2 before repair; the bending strength of the repaired hard alloy bar is 2404MPa, which is 14.64% higher than that of 2097MPa before repair, the total time consumption is 21s, and the efficiency is improved by 30% compared with the low pressure reaching similar repair conditions.
The seventh specific embodiment:
taking a hard alloy plate with the mark of YG6 produced by a certain factory, and preparing 15 clean surface plates with the thickness of 150 x 30 x 5mm by wire cutting, wherein the hard alloy plate is a ferromagnetic material, and the micro defect configuration in the matrix mainly comprises surface defects such as faults, subgrain boundaries, phase interfaces and the like to form micro-crack initiation nuclei. A servo motor is adopted to drive clamping, the clamping device is placed in the device, a power supply is switched on, the effective pulse magnetic field strength is set to be 3T, the effective magnetic field time is 10ms, the frequency is 2Hz, and the single pulse interval is 1 s; two coils are adopted to sequentially excite pulse current, and the pulse current density is 15A/mm2The action time of a single pulse is 5ms, the frequency is 2Hz, and the interval of the single pulse is 0.5 s; the total processing time is 45 s. The result shows that the conductivity before and after repair is detected by a sigma-B type eddy current conductivity meter, the average conductivity before repair is 1.64MS/m, the average conductivity after repair is 1.78MS/m, the conductivity of the hard alloy plate after repair is improved by 8.53 percent, and the microscopic defects in the material are repaired to a certain degree.
The eighth embodiment:
taking a hard alloy plate with the mark of YG6 produced by a certain factory, and preparing 15 clean surface plates with the thickness of 150 x 30 x 5mm by wire cutting, wherein the hard alloy plate is a ferromagnetic material, and the micro defect configuration in the matrix mainly comprises surface defects such as faults, subgrain boundaries, phase interfaces and the like to form micro-crack initiation nuclei. A servo motor is adopted to drive clamping, the clamping device is placed in the device, a power supply is switched on, the effective pulse magnetic field strength is set to be 4T, the effective magnetic field time is 10ms, the frequency is 2Hz, and the single pulse interval is 1 s; using two coilsSequentially exciting pulse current with a pulse current density of 20A/mm2The action time of a single pulse is 5MS, the frequency is 2Hz, the interval of the single pulse is 0.5s, the electric conductivity before and after the repair is detected by a sigma-B type eddy current conductivity meter, the hard average electric conductivity after the repair is 1.79MS/m, the hard average electric conductivity is improved by 8.48 percent compared with the average electric conductivity before the repair is 1.65MS/m, the total consumption time is 31s, and the efficiency is improved by 31.1 percent compared with the low pressure reaching the similar repair condition.
In conclusion, the invention realizes more perfect electromagnetic coupling effect, reduces unnecessary pulse current action time, greatly saves resources and reduces the possibility of oxidation of the test piece. In addition, the invention can improve the microscopic nonuniformity of the material and further improve the tensile strength, the fracture toughness and the fatigue strength of the metal on the basis of alloy heat treatment strengthening, mechanical strengthening and surface strengthening.
Claims (9)
1. An electromagnetic field coupling generating device for electromagnetic strengthening treatment is characterized by comprising an electromagnetic generator and at least one pulse electric field generator;
the electromagnetic generator is used for generating a magnetic field;
the pulse electric field generator is used for generating direct-current voltage when the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic generator reaches a set value; the output end of the diode rectifying circuit is connected with a voltage sampling circuit, an internal discharge circuit, an energy storage capacitor, a freewheeling diode and a thyristor bridge type output circuit in parallel; the controlled end of the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit is connected with the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit, the controlled end of the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit is connected with the PI regulator, and the PI regulator is connected with the main controller; the controlled end of the thyristor bridge type output circuit is connected with a thyristor synchronous triggering unit, and the thyristor synchronous triggering unit is connected with a main controller; the voltage sampling circuit is connected with the main controller; wherein:
the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit is used for regulating the on-off of each phase of an external three-phase power supply through a thyristor and stabilizing the voltage entering a subsequent component;
a transformer for varying the value of the voltage entering the subsequent component;
the voltage sampling circuit is used for acquiring voltage values at two ends of the energy storage capacitor and feeding back the voltage values to the main controller;
an internal discharge circuit for internal discharge to protect the remaining components of the pulsed electric field generator;
the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit is used for controlling the on-off of a thyristor in the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit;
the thyristor bridge type output circuit is used for shifting the phase of the output voltage by controlling the on-off of the thyristor;
the thyristor synchronous trigger unit is used for controlling the on-off of a thyristor in the thyristor bridge type output circuit;
the main controller is used for controlling the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit; and the phase shift trigger unit is used for controlling the thyristor according to the feedback value of the voltage sampling circuit.
2. The electromagnetic field coupling generating device for electromagnetic enhancement processing according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic generator includes a direct current power supply and a magnetism-gathering solenoid; the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic gathering solenoid is 0-9T, the magnetic pulse frequency is 0.3-2 Hz, and the interval time between two adjacent magnetic pulses is 0.1-5 seconds; the pulse current density of the pulse electric field generator is 10-3 multiplied by 103A/mm2The action time of a single electric pulse is 0.01-10 ms, and the interval time of two adjacent electric pulses is 0.1-5 seconds.
3. The electromagnetic field coupling generating device for the electromagnetic strengthening treatment is characterized in that the thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating circuit comprises three groups of thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating units with the same structure, and each group of thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating units is connected with one phase of a three-phase power supply; each group of thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating units comprises a resonant circuit and two thyristors which are connected in parallel, and the two thyristors in the same thyristor phase-shifting voltage-regulating unit are reversely arranged; the controlled end of each thyristor in the thyristor phase-shifting voltage regulating circuit is respectively connected with the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit.
4. The electromagnetic field coupling generating device for electromagnetic strengthening treatment as claimed in claim 3, wherein the thyristors in the thyristor phase shift voltage regulating unit are all cathode controlled unidirectional thyristors; the resonant circuit includes a resistor and a capacitor in series.
5. The electromagnetic field coupling generating device for electromagnetic enhancement processing according to claim 1, wherein the transformer includes three secondary windings; the diode rectifying circuit comprises three groups of diode rectifying units; the input end of each diode rectifying unit is connected with a secondary coil of a transformer; each diode rectifying unit comprises six diodes connected in series, and the input end of each diode rectifying unit is positioned between the third diode and the fourth diode; the last three negative electrode ports of the three groups of diode rectifying units are connected and used as the positive electrodes of the diode rectifying circuits, and the first three positive electrode ports of the three groups of diode rectifying units are connected and used as the negative electrodes of the diode rectifying circuits.
6. An electromagnetic field coupling generating device for electromagnetic reinforcement processing according to claim 1, wherein a negative electrode of the freewheel diode is connected to a positive electrode of the diode rectifier circuit, and a positive electrode of the freewheel diode is connected to a negative electrode of the diode rectifier circuit; two ends of the voltage sampling circuit, the energy storage capacitor and the internal discharge circuit are respectively connected with two poles of the diode rectifying circuit.
7. The electromagnetic field coupling generating device for electromagnetic enhancement processing according to claim 1, wherein the thyristor bridge type output circuit is formed by four thyristor output units connected in a bridge manner, two opposite end points of a bridge formed by the four thyristor output units are respectively connected to two poles of the diode rectifier circuit, and the other two opposite end points are respectively used as a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal;
each thyristor output unit comprises two thyristor output subunits which are connected in series, each thyristor output subunit comprises a three-line parallel component, and the first line parallel component comprises a resistor; the second line parallel component comprises two capacitors and a resistor which are sequentially connected in series; the third line shunt component comprises a thyristor.
8. A method for generating an electromagnetic field coupling generating device for electromagnetic enhancement treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring voltage values at two ends of the energy storage capacitor through a voltage sampling circuit;
s2, comparing the voltage values at two ends of the energy storage capacitor with a set value, and generating a control signal to control the thyristor phase-shifting trigger unit by adopting a PI feedback method until the energy storage capacitor obtains the voltage value meeting the set requirement;
s3, obtaining the magnetic property B1 according to the material of the electromagnetic strengthening processing object;
s4, starting the electromagnetic generator to discharge magnetism, and when the magnetic field intensity in the magnetic discharge stage is greater than B1, controlling a thyristor bridge type output circuit through a thyristor synchronous trigger unit to enable the pulse electric field generator to release pulse current to the electromagnetic strengthening processing object;
and S5, stopping the pulse electric field generator from releasing the pulse current to the electromagnetic strengthening processing object when the magnetic field intensity in the magnetic releasing stage is attenuated to B1, and ending the single electromagnetic strengthening processing.
9. The electromagnetic field generating method for electromagnetic reinforcement processing according to claim 8, wherein the specific method of causing the pulsed electric field generator to discharge the pulsed electric current to the electromagnetic reinforcement processing object in step S4 is:
and discharging according to the action time of a single electric pulse of 0.01-10 ms and the interval time of two adjacent electric pulses of 0.1-5 seconds in a magnetic discharge stage when the magnetic field intensity is greater than B1 by switching different pulse electric field generators or different transformer secondary sides.
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