CN114223480A - A method for planting resources using aquaculture biological flocs - Google Patents

A method for planting resources using aquaculture biological flocs Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114223480A
CN114223480A CN202111575706.7A CN202111575706A CN114223480A CN 114223480 A CN114223480 A CN 114223480A CN 202111575706 A CN202111575706 A CN 202111575706A CN 114223480 A CN114223480 A CN 114223480A
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floc
aquaculture
soil
biological
planting
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刘文畅
谭洪新
吕欣裕
罗国芝
徐志兵
郭衍硕
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Shanghai Ocean University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a resource planting method by utilizing aquaculture biological flocs, and belongs to the field of aquaculture wastewater treatment. The method comprises the steps of precipitating aquaculture tail water containing biological flocs to obtain a biological floc concentrated solution, filtering, collecting to obtain a floc to be used, drying or dehydrating to obtain floc dry matter, and mixing the floc dry matter and soil to obtain a soil-floc mixture for planting crops. The soil-floc mixture obtained by the method is used for sowing economic crops such as the small leaf crowndaisy chrysanthemum, the Chinese little greens or the rape, can provide various nutrient elements required by the growth of the crops, is a method for harmlessly recycling the biological floc aquaculture waste, can reduce the economic loss of directly discarding the floc waste, can effectively utilize nutrient substances in the floc dry matter in the soil, and realizes the effect of improving the yield and the quality of the crops.

Description

Method for resource planting by utilizing aquaculture biological flocs
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a resource planting method by utilizing aquaculture biological floccules.
Background
China is a big country for aquaculture, according to the data of '2020 Chinese fishery yearbook', in 2019, the total yield of aquatic products in China all the year round reaches 6480.36 ten thousand tons, and the total yield of aquaculture occupies 5079.07 thousand tons. With the pursuit of people for high-quality life, the four Chinese carps of 'green, grass, silver carp and bighead carp' are gradually changed into the cultivation of a plurality of famous and excellent aquatic products such as Chinese mitten crab, micropterus salmoides, mandarin fish and the like as the traditional aquaculture objects. Aquaculture has become an important part of agriculture in China, and meanwhile, the aquaculture industry must become a key development industry on the new course of developing modern agriculture.
In order to adapt to the ever-increasing demand of aquatic product consumption of people, novel culture modes such as intensive culture, Recirculating Aquaculture (RAS), Biological Flocculation Technology (BFT) and the like greatly enrich the production mode of aquaculture. The biological flocculation technology is a novel cultivation technology evolved from the development of the activated sludge technology, and is considered to be one of effective methods for solving the resource and environmental problems faced by the current intensive cultivation. BFT establishes nitrifying and assimilating floccules by regulating external conditions to degrade highly toxic NH in water4 +And NO2 -Converting it to less toxic NO3 -And a microbial biomass. The biological floc mainly comprises suspended particles consisting of residual baits, feces, other metabolites of fishes, protozoa and the like, the representative index of the BFT technology is total suspended particles (TSS), the TSS concentration can be continuously increased along with continuous culture and increase of bait feeding amount, the TSS with a certain concentration can improve the purification capacity of a water body, but at the same time, an excessively high TSS concentration can cause certain harm to a BFT culture system and a culture object and influence the growth performance and immune response performance of the culture object, and a method for directly discharging the water body with an excessively high TSS in production is generally adopted. Because the biological flocs have high nutritive value, if the biological flocs are directly discarded without proper treatment, not only can serious waste of resources be caused, but also a series of environmental pollution problems can be caused. Excessive biological floccule culture waste, just as aquaculture tail water generally restricts the growthThe development of the floccule culture technology, how to effectively utilize the floccule as a resource, is becoming a hot spot of competitive research of numerous scholars.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of avoiding resource waste and environmental pollution caused by directly discarding a large amount of biological flocs without treatment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the invention provides a resource planting method by utilizing aquaculture biological flocs, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: precipitating aquaculture tail water containing biological flocs, and removing supernatant to obtain a biological floc concentrated solution;
step 2: filtering the biological floc concentrated solution and collecting to obtain a floc to be used;
and step 3: drying or dehydrating the floc to be used to obtain floc substances;
and 4, step 4: mixing the floccule substance with the soil to obtain a soil-floccule mixture;
and 5: controlling the water content of the soil-floc mixture by spraying water;
step 6: the soil-floc mixture is used for planting plants.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the aquaculture tail water containing the biological flocs is treated and then is matched with soil for seeding economic crops, so that various nutrient elements required for growth can be provided for the crops, the method is a harmless resource utilization method for the biological floc aquaculture waste, and the economic loss caused by directly discarding the floc waste can be reduced; meanwhile, certain economic value is brought in the resource utilization process, and the method has important significance for promoting the resource utilization of the biological flocs.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a method for resource planting by utilizing aquaculture biological floccules, which mixes the aquaculture biological floccules and soil according to a proportion and uses the mixture as the soil for resource planting plants.
The method for resource planting by utilizing the aquaculture biological flocs comprises the following steps:
step 1: precipitating aquaculture tail water containing biological flocs, and removing supernatant to obtain a biological floc concentrated solution;
step 2: filtering the biological floc concentrated solution and collecting to obtain a floc to be used;
and step 3: drying or dehydrating the floc to be used to obtain floc substances;
and 4, step 4: mixing the floccule substance with the soil to obtain a soil-floccule mixture;
and 5: controlling the water content of the soil-floc mixture by spraying water;
step 6: the soil-floc mixture is used for planting plants.
As can be seen from the above description, the invention can provide various nutrient elements required for the growth of crops by treating the aquaculture tail water containing biological flocs to obtain floc dry matters and combining the soil dry matters with soil for sowing cash crops. The method is simple and effective, can bring certain additional economic benefits, and can reduce the economic loss of directly discarding the floc waste; the method is simple and convenient to operate, and has low requirements on the management level of operators; meanwhile, the soil fertility can be increased, the crop nutritive value and the crop yield can be improved while reasonable resource utilization is realized, the method is more in line with the development concept of current green planting compared with a planting mode using a chemical fertilizer, a complex pretreatment process is not required to be additionally added before use, and the resource utilization cost is effectively reduced.
In some embodiments, the aquaculture tail water containing the biological flocs is precipitated in step 1 by using a precipitation vessel with a working volume of 200-2000L.
In some embodiments, the water content of the batt to be used in step 2 is not less than 90%.
In some embodiments, the mass of floc obtained in step 3 is passed through a 60 mesh screen to remove off-spec particles.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the drying or dehydration process in step 3 is no greater than 70 ℃.
In some embodiments, the mass content of the floccule substances in the soil-floccule mixture in the step 4 is 0.25-0.75% by dry matter, and the planting effect is better if the floccule substances are not added more, and the addition of the floccule substances mainly adjusts the fertility and the nutrient slow-release capacity of the soil, and is helpful for restoring the ecological balance of the soil.
In some embodiments, the water content of the soil-floc mixture is controlled to be 11% -20% in the step 5, and the water content of the soil is measured by GB 7833-1987.
In some embodiments, the aquaculture tail water containing biological flocs in step 1 is derived from biological floc culture tail water of nitrified Penaeus Vannamei (Litopenaeus Vannamei).
In some embodiments, the plant in step 6 may be selected from crowndaisy Chrysanthemum (chrysanthlemum coronarium L), Chinese little greens (Brassica rapal. chinensis) or rape (Brassica napus L.).
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The method for resource planting by utilizing the aquaculture biological flocs in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, extracting 6000L of biological floc culture tail water of nitrified south American white prawns (Litopenaeus Vannamei) with the TSS concentration of 245 +/-17.15 mg/L, collecting the extracted 6000L of biological floc culture tail water in 4 1500L precipitation containers, and precipitating to obtain biological floc concentrated solution;
step 2, filtering the biological floc concentrated solution through a 150-mesh silk screen to obtain 1458g of wet floc to be used;
step 3, placing the floc to be used in the sun and solarizing for 3 days to complete dehydration treatment to obtain floc dry matter;
step 4, collecting 189.54g of floc dry matter, and storing the floc dry matter in a polyethylene bottle for later use;
step 5, selecting a certain watermelon field in Shanghai as planting test soil, wherein the soil is sandy soil, and the area of the test soil is 1.13m (L) multiplied by 0.87m (W) 0.983m2Randomly sampling 21 parts of test surface layer soil (0-20 cm) by S-shaped sampling, and uniformly mixing to determine that the water content of the soil is 17.31 +/-1.03%;
step 6, obtaining the soil density of 1.21t/m3Calculating soil dry matter to be tested surface layer soil (0-20 cm) to be 23.79kg, adding 0.5% of floc dry matter to obtain 118.95g of floc dry matter, and weighing corresponding weight of floc dry matter;
step 7, uniformly sprinkling floc dry substances on the surface of the soil to be tested, manually mixing surface soil and the floc dry substances by using a shovel to prepare a floc-soil mixture, manually spraying 117.29L of dechlorinated tap water, manually stirring the soil with the surface layer of 0-30 cm for mixing, and performing fixed-point detection by using a soil hygrometer (model: Schvet GR-DR600) to ensure that the humidity of the soil is adjusted to 20-30%;
and 8, planting in a 'drill seeding' mode in a floc-soil mixture and other soil without floc dry matter, seeding the small-leaf crowndaisy chrysanthemum with the row spacing of 50mm multiplied by 70mm, and harvesting in 41 days after seeding.
The yield of the harvested crowndaisy chrysanthemum in the planting group added with 0.5 percent of floccule dry matter in the embodiment 1 is 0.714kg/m2(476.000kg/a), and the indexes of other plant nutrients are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 only in that 2.0% of the dry mass of the flock is added instead of 0.5% of the dry mass of the flock in the examples. The yield of the garland chrysanthemum harvested in the planting group added with 2.0 percent of floc dry matter in the comparative example 1 is 0.135kg per square meter (90kg per a), and the indexes of other plant nutrient substances are shown in the table 1.
Table 1: influence of different floc adding proportions on crowndaisy chrysanthemum planting
Figure BDA0003424739900000041
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 only in the added floc dry matter quality and in the crop being grown.
In the embodiment, 0.75% of floc dry matter is added, the planted crop is the Chinese little greens, the yield of the harvested Chinese little greens is 0.174 kg/square meter (116.00kg/a), and indexes of other plant nutrient substances are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 2 only in that 1.5% of the dry mass of the flock is added instead of 0.75% of the dry mass of the flock as in example 2. The yield of the harvested Chinese little greens in the planting group to which the floc of 1.5% was added in comparative example 2 was 0.129kg/m2(86kg/a), and the indexes of the other plant nutrients are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: influence of different floc adding proportions on Chinese little greens planting
Figure BDA0003424739900000042
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 only in the added floc dry matter quality and in the crop being grown.
In the embodiment, 0.25% of floc dry matter is added, the rape is planted, the yield of the harvested rape is 0.792 kg/square meter (528.000kg/a), and the yield of the planting group without the floc is 0.723kg/m2(482.000kg/a)。
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 3 only in that 1.0% of dry mass of the flock is added instead of 0.25% of dry mass of the flock as in example 3. The yield of the harvested rape in the planting group added with 1.0 percent of floc in the comparative example 3 is 0.634kg per square meter (422kg per a), and the indexes of other plant nutrient substances are shown in the table 3.
Table 3: influence of different floc adding proportions on rape planting
Figure BDA0003424739900000051
It can be seen that the floc dry matter obtained by the method provided by the invention is mixed with soil and then used for planting crops, and the yield and the nutrient content of the crops can be remarkably improved. The method for planting the aquatic product culture biological floc in a recycling manner is more effective and simple, can utilize nutrient substances in the biological floc to the greatest extent to provide sufficient nutrition for crops, and can effectively utilize the nutrient substances in the floc dry matter in the soil, thereby realizing the effect of improving the yield and the quality of the crops.

Claims (9)

1. A method for resource planting by utilizing aquaculture biological floccules is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: precipitating aquaculture tail water containing biological flocs, and removing supernatant to obtain a biological floc concentrated solution;
step 2: filtering the biological floc concentrated solution and collecting to obtain a floc to be used;
and step 3: drying or dehydrating the floc to be used to obtain floc substances;
and 4, step 4: mixing the floccule substance with soil to obtain a soil-floccule mixture;
and 5: controlling the water content of the soil-floc mixture by spraying water;
step 6: and the soil-floc mixture is used for planting plants.
2. The method for resource utilization of aquaculture biological flocs according to claim 1, wherein the precipitation vessel is used in step 1 for precipitating the aquaculture tail water of the aquaculture biological flocs, and the working volume of the precipitation vessel is 200-2000L.
3. The method for resource planting by utilizing the aquaculture biological flocs according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the flocs to be used in the step 2 is not less than 90%.
4. The method for resource planting of aquaculture biological flocs according to claim 1, wherein the floc mass obtained in step 3 is screened through a 60 mesh screen to remove particles out of specification.
5. The method for resource utilization of aquaculture biological flocs according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the drying or dehydration treatment in step 3 is not more than 70 ℃.
6. The method for recycling aquaculture biological flocs according to claim 1, wherein the mass content of flocs in the soil-floc mixture in step 4 is 0.25-0.75% on a dry basis.
7. The method for resource planting by utilizing the aquaculture biological flocs according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the soil-floc mixture is controlled to be 11-20% in step 5 according to the national standard GB 7833-1987.
8. The method for resource utilization of aquaculture biological flocs for planting according to claim 1, wherein the aquaculture tail water containing the biological flocs in step 1 is derived from tail water of nitrified south American white shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) cultured by the biological flocs.
9. The method for recycling of aquaculture biological flocs according to claim 1, wherein in step 6 the plants are selected from the group consisting of Chrysanthemum coronarium L, Brassica rapa Chinensis and Brassica napus L.
CN202111575706.7A 2021-12-21 2021-12-21 A method for planting resources using aquaculture biological flocs Pending CN114223480A (en)

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Application publication date: 20220325