CN114221840B - Ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in RAKE receiver - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver, which comprises the steps of performing correlation processing on received ADC sampling data by using a pulse matching filter and a local spread spectrum sequence to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data; searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data; sparse channel estimation is carried out on the data in the channel estimation window, so that the tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information of the RAKE receiver are obtained; and multiplying the received ultra-wideband physical header and the received physical service data unit frame signal data with each path tap weight according to the multipath delay information, and then merging to obtain compensated multipath signal data. The ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in the RAKE receiver provided by the invention can fully compensate the fading caused by multipath effect and reduce the computational complexity.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of ultra-wideband, in particular to an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver.
Background
Pulse ultra wideband (Impulse Response Ultra Wideband, IR-UWB for short) is a wireless communication technology that uses ultra-short pulses of very low power spectral density as a carrier of information, and can share spectral resources with other communication systems. The pulse ultra-wideband is applied in unlicensed frequency range between 3.1 and 10.6GHz, and the transmitting power is limited below-41.3 dBm/Mhz. The IR-UWB has the advantages of good concealment, high transmission rate, low power consumption, high positioning accuracy, strong multipath resistance, strong penetrating power, good safety and the like. Thus, IR-UWB can be applied to indoor accurate ranging and positioning, which is particularly advantageous in complex multipath environments.
IR-UWB is a relatively serious frequency selective fading because the channel bandwidth is extremely wide, much larger than the coherence bandwidth of the wireless channel, and the signal energy is scattered in several or even tens of paths due to multipath effects. Because the IR-UWB radio adopts narrow pulse with extremely low duty cycle to transmit data, there is basically no interference between symbols, therefore the RAKE receiver can estimate the multipath channel model parameters, then the RAKE receiver diversity receiving technology is adopted to combine each path of multipath signals to compensate the signal fading caused by multipath effect, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is improved.
The traditional RAKE receiver needs to know the multipath time delay, amplitude and phase information when combining, the engineering low-complexity combining paths are four, the more the combining path components are, the better the performance of the RAKE receiver is improved, but the more paths mean that the power consumption and design resources and the design complexity are multiplied.
It is therefore desirable to provide a sparse channel estimation method that addresses the above-described issues.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver, which can fully compensate fading caused by multipath effect and reduce calculation complexity.
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver, which comprises the following steps:
performing correlation processing on the received ADC sampling data by using a pulse matched filter and a local spreading sequence to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
sparse channel estimation is carried out on the data in the channel estimation window, so that the tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information of the RAKE receiver are obtained;
and multiplying the received ultra-wideband physical header and the received physical service data unit frame signal data with each path tap weight according to the multipath delay information, and then merging to obtain compensated multipath signal data.
Preferably, the correlating the received ADC sample data with the local spreading sequence using a pulse-matched filter comprises: and delaying the ADC sampling data for one period, and carrying out correlation processing on the delayed ADC sampling data and the optional local spreading sequence.
Preferably, the searching the channel estimation window for the despread synchronization preamble symbol frame data includes: and calculating complex conjugate correlation of the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data, and comparing the magnitude of the complex conjugate correlation value to search the peak value center position.
Preferably, the performing sparse channel estimation on the data in the channel estimation window to obtain the tap weight coefficient and the multipath delay information of the RAKE receiver includes: and sequencing channel estimation taps in the energy set in the channel impulse response from large to small according to energy, solving a channel estimation energy accumulated value, and multiplying the channel estimation energy accumulated value by a preset threshold coefficient to obtain an energy threshold value.
Preferably, whether the channel estimation energy accumulated value is larger than an energy threshold value is judged, if the channel estimation energy accumulated value is larger than the energy threshold value, a multipath channel estimation result is output, and if the channel estimation energy accumulated value is smaller than or equal to the energy threshold value, the channel estimation energy is continuously accumulated.
Preferably, the received ADC sampling data is correlated with the local spreading sequence by using a pulse matched filter, so as to obtain despread synchronization preamble symbol frame data, and the method is calculated by the following formula:
wherein, suppose the local spreading sequence of user k is C, C j Represents the jth bit, T p Representing pulse width, r k (t) represents a signal received by the receiving end, N c T c /T p Indicating the total length of the C sequence.
Preferably, the receiving end receives the signal r k (t) is calculated by the following formula:
wherein M represents the mth path, M is the total path number, and gamma m Represents the mth root pathThe amplitude attenuation coefficient of the path, n (t) represents additive Gaussian white noise, the mean value is 0, and the variance is sigma 2 ；
s k (t) represents transmitting a preamble signal, calculated by the following formula:
wherein A is i Representing the amplitude of the transmitted preamble, the amplitude polarity is determined by the local spreading sequence being C, and the p (T) pulse width being T p Pulse repetition period is T c The symbol transmission period is T f The length of the spreading code is N c Let the delay spread be T m Then there is T f ＞＞T p 。
Preferably, the energy threshold is calculated by the following formula:
wherein alpha is an energy threshold factor, which is less than 1, E k,l For multipath channel energy, said E k,l Calculated by the following formula:
E k,l ＝(h ls (l)) 2
wherein h is ls (l) Is the impulse response function of the channel, h ls (l) Calculated by the following formula:
h ls (l)＝(C H C) -1 C H z k (l)l＝(0,1,2,…,L-1)
wherein l represents the first root diameter, z k (l) And C represents the local spreading sequence of the user k.
Preferably, the channel estimation energy accumulation value is calculated by the following formula:
D sparse ＝argmin(∑D sort[l] E k,l (D sort[l] )>Th eng )
wherein the method comprises the steps ofMin (·) represents the minimum number of taps used to accumulate the channel energy by the ordered tap labels to be greater than the threshold, matrix D sparse Representing the selected non-zero tap tag sequence, E k,l Th, which is the multipath channel energy eng For the energy threshold value, D sort Representing the sequence ordered by the energy of the multipath channel, said D sort Calculated by the following formula:
D sort ＝S(E k,l (D[l]))
where S (·) represents a label fetching operation for channel ordering.
Preferably, the RAKE receiver corresponding tap weight coefficients are calculated by the following formula:
ω(λ)＝h ls (D sparse [i])，i＝(0,1,…,length(D sparse ))
wherein λ represents corresponding delay information for each tap representing each multipath channel;
outputting the result of the current user k signal after the maximum ratio combination of the RAKE receiver, and calculating by the following formula:
where τ represents the minimum multipath resolution delay, which is related to the AD sampling rate and pulse width.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in the RAKE receiver of the embodiment of the invention obtains the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data by using a pulse matching filter to correlate the received ADC sampling data with a local spreading sequence; searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data; sparse channel estimation is carried out on the data in the channel estimation window, so that the tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information of the RAKE receiver are obtained; and multiplying the received ultra-wideband physical header and the received physical service data unit frame signal data with each path tap weight according to the multipath delay information, and then merging to obtain compensated multipath signal data, so that the fading caused by multipath effect can be fully compensated, and the calculation complexity is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, a brief description of the drawings is provided below, wherein it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Other figures may be derived from these figures without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus using an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below by specific examples. The following embodiments may be combined with each other, and some embodiments may not be repeated for the same or similar concepts or processes.
Based on the problems existing in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver, which can fully compensate the fading caused by multipath effect and reduce the computational complexity.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring now to fig. 1, a method for ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver, comprising the steps of:
step S101: performing correlation processing on the received ADC sampling data by using a pulse matched filter and a local spreading sequence to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
step S102: searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
step S103: sparse channel estimation is carried out on the data in the channel estimation window, so that the tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information of the RAKE receiver are obtained;
step S104: and multiplying the received ultra-wideband physical header and the received physical service data unit frame signal data with each path tap weight according to the multipath delay information, and then merging to obtain compensated multipath signal data.
In a specific implementation, for each RAKE receiver path, not only is the amplitude information for each path compensated, but also the phase estimation information for the channel is used to phase compensate the received signal. The combining paths of the RAKE receiver are preferably P-root, P being much smaller than the channel estimation window size L in order to reduce computational complexity.
In an implementation, the correlating the received ADC sample data with the local spreading sequence using a pulse-matched filter includes: and delaying the ADC sampling data for one period, and carrying out correlation processing on the delayed ADC sampling data and the optional local spreading sequence.
In an implementation, the searching the channel estimation window for the despread synchronization preamble symbol frame data includes: and calculating complex conjugate correlation of the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data, and comparing the magnitude of the complex conjugate correlation value to search the peak value center position.
In a specific implementation, the performing sparse channel estimation on the data in the channel estimation window to obtain the tap weight coefficient and the multipath delay information of the RAKE receiver includes: and sequencing channel estimation taps in the energy set in the channel impulse response from large to small according to energy, solving a channel estimation energy accumulated value, and multiplying the channel estimation energy accumulated value by a preset threshold coefficient to obtain an energy threshold value. Specifically, several taps in the channel impulse response, which are concentrated in energy, are defined as non-zero taps, and zero taps or non-zero taps with smaller energy are selected and eliminated because the influence on the channel is small. The multipath delay information refers to a tap label number. The maximum output number of the non-zero taps is limited to N, the value of N is smaller than the size L of the channel estimation window, and the residual taps are set to be zero after screening is completed.
In a specific implementation, whether the channel estimation energy accumulated value is larger than an energy threshold value is judged, if the channel estimation energy accumulated value is larger than the energy threshold value, a multipath channel estimation result is output, and if the channel estimation energy accumulated value is smaller than or equal to the energy threshold value, the channel estimation energy is continuously accumulated.
In a specific implementation, the received ADC sampling data is correlated with a local spreading sequence by using a pulse matched filter, so as to obtain despread synchronization preamble symbol frame data, and the method is calculated by the following formula:
wherein, suppose the local spreading sequence of user k is C, C j Represents the jth bit, T p Representing pulse width, r k (t) represents a signal received by the receiving end, N c T c /T p Indicating the total length of the C sequence.
In a specific implementation, after the transmitted signal is delayed, attenuated and distorted by multipath, the receiving end receives the signal r k (t) by the following formula:
wherein M represents the mth path, M is the total path number,γ m the amplitude attenuation coefficient of the mth path is represented, n (t) represents additive white gaussian noise, the mean value is 0, and the variance is sigma 2 ；
s k (t) represents a transmission preamble signal formed by a spread spectrum code sequence code through very short narrow pulse modulation, and is calculated by the following formula:
wherein A is i Representing the amplitude of the transmitted preamble, the amplitude polarity is determined by the local spreading sequence being C, and the p (T) pulse width being T p Pulse repetition period is T c The symbol transmission period is T f The length of the spreading code is N c Let the delay spread be T m Then there is T f ＞＞T p . Due to T f ＞＞T p So that its intersymbol interference is negligible.
In a specific implementation, the energy threshold is calculated by the following formula:
wherein alpha is an energy threshold factor, which is less than 1, E k,l For multipath channel energy, said E k,l Calculated by the following formula:
E k,l ＝(h ls (l)) 2
wherein h is ls (l) Is the impulse response function of the channel, h ls (l) Calculated by the following formula:
h ls (l)＝(C H C) -1 C H z k (l) l＝(0,1,2,…,L-1)
wherein l represents the first root diameter, z k (l) And C represents the local spreading sequence of the user k.
In an implementation, the channel estimation energy accumulation value is calculated by the following formula:
D sparse ＝argmin(∑D sort[l] E k,l (D sort[l] )>Th eng )
wherein, min (·) represents the minimum number of taps used by the tap label accumulated channel energy after sorting to be larger than the threshold value, and matrix D sparse Representing the selected non-zero tap tag sequence, E k,l Th, which is the multipath channel energy eng For the energy threshold value, D sort Representing the sequence ordered by the energy of the multipath channel, said D sort Calculated by the following formula:
D sort ＝S(E k,l (D[l]))
where S (·) represents a label fetching operation for channel ordering.
In a specific implementation, the tap weight coefficients corresponding to the RAKE receiver are calculated by the following formula:
ω(λ)＝h ls (D sparse [i])，i＝(0,1,…,length(D sparse ))
wherein λ represents corresponding delay information for each tap representing each multipath channel;
outputting the result of the current user k signal after the maximum ratio combination of the RAKE receiver, and calculating by the following formula:
where τ represents the minimum multipath resolution delay, which is related to the ADC sampling rate and pulse width.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus using an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring now to fig. 2, ADC sample data 7 is input to a data selection module 10, the data selection module mux_l_n performs multipath signal data combination for selecting N points from L sample points, the RAKE receiver tap coefficient 8 is a weight coefficient value estimated by sparse channels, the weight coefficient value is output to a plurality of multiplier modules 9, the weight coefficient is multiplied by the data output from the data selection module 10, the tap coefficient of the same multipath channel and the input signal data are multiplied one by one according to multipath delay information, thus each RAKE receiver path is output to a multipath combining module 11, and the multipath combining module 11 combines multipath channel data of all RAKE paths to obtain compensated multipath signal data.
In summary, in the ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in the RAKE receiver according to the embodiment of the present invention, the received ADC sampling data is correlated with the local spreading sequence by using the pulse matching filter, so as to obtain despread synchronization preamble symbol frame data; searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data; sparse channel estimation is carried out on the data in the channel estimation window, so that the tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information of the RAKE receiver are obtained; and multiplying the received ultra-wideband physical header and the received physical service data unit frame signal data with each path tap weight according to the multipath delay information, and then merging to obtain compensated multipath signal data, so that the fading caused by multipath effect can be fully compensated, and the calculation complexity is reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver, comprising the steps of:
performing correlation processing on the received ADC sampling data by using a pulse matched filter and a local spreading sequence to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
sparse channel estimation is carried out on the data in the channel estimation window, so that the tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information of the RAKE receiver are obtained;
multiplying the received ultra wideband physical header and physical service data unit frame signal data with each path tap weight according to the multipath delay information, and then merging to obtain compensated multipath signal data;
the step of carrying out sparse channel estimation on the data in the channel estimation window to obtain the tap weight coefficient and the multipath delay information of the RAKE receiver comprises the following steps: sorting channel estimation taps in an energy set in channel impulse response according to the energy from big to small, solving a channel estimation energy accumulated value, and multiplying the channel estimation energy accumulated value with a preset threshold coefficient to obtain an energy threshold value;
judging whether the channel estimation energy accumulated value is larger than an energy threshold value, if the channel estimation energy accumulated value is larger than the energy threshold value, outputting a multipath channel estimation result, and if the channel estimation energy accumulated value is smaller than or equal to the energy threshold value, continuously accumulating the channel estimation energy;
and performing correlation processing on the received ADC sampling data with a local spreading sequence by using a pulse matched filter to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data, wherein the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data is calculated by the following formula:
，
wherein, assuming that the local spreading sequence of the user k is C,represents the j-th bit,/->Representing pulse width +.>Representing the signal received by the receiving end,/->Represents the total length of the C sequence, +.>Representing the signal sampling time;
the energy threshold is calculated by the following formula:
，
wherein,is an energy threshold factor, said +.>Less than 1->For multipath channel energy, said +.>Calculated by the following formula:
，
wherein,is the impulse response function of the channel,>calculated by the following formula:
，
wherein,indicate->Root diameter (root diameter) (or (root diameter))>Indicate->Root-despread sync preamble frame data,/v>Representing the user k local spreading sequence.
2. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver of claim 1, wherein said correlating the received ADC sample data with a local spreading sequence using a pulse-matched filter comprises: and delaying the ADC sampling data for one period, and carrying out correlation processing on the delayed ADC sampling data and the optional local spreading sequence.
3. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver of claim 1, wherein said searching a channel estimation window for said despread sync preamble symbol frame data comprises: and calculating complex conjugate correlation of the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data, and comparing the magnitude of the complex conjugate correlation value to search the peak value center position.
4. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver of claim 1, wherein the receiver receives a signalThe calculation is performed by the following formula:
，
wherein,indicate->Root path (S)>For the total number of paths, +.>Indicate->The amplitude attenuation coefficient of the root path,representing minimum multipath resolution delay +.>Representing additive white gaussian noise with a mean of 0 and a variance of +.>；
Representing the transmit preamble, calculated by the following equation:
，
wherein,representing the amplitude of the transmitted preamble, the amplitude polarity being determined by the local spreading sequence C,/i>Pulse width of +.>Pulse repetition period is +.>The symbol transmission period is +.>The spreading code length is +.>Assume that the delay spread is +.>There is->。
5. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver of claim 1, wherein said channel estimation energy accumulation value is calculated by the formula:
，
wherein,representing the minimum number of taps used for accumulating the channel energy by the tap labels after sequencing to make the channel energy larger than the threshold value, and matrix +.>Representing the non-zero tap tag sequence after screening, < ->For multipath channel energy +.>Is an energy threshold value, ++>Representing the sequence ordered by the energy of the multipath channel, said +.>Calculated by the following formula:
，
wherein the method comprises the steps ofIndicating a channel ordering labelling operation.
6. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver of claim 5, wherein the RAKE receiver corresponding tap weight coefficients are calculated by the formula:
，
wherein,representing corresponding delay information of each tap representing each multipath channel;
outputting the result of the current user k signal after the maximum ratio combination of the RAKE receiver, and calculating by the following formula:
，
wherein,representing the minimum multipath resolution delay, which is related to the AD sampling rate and pulse width.
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