CN114178034A - Sorting method of scrap car crushing residues - Google Patents
Sorting method of scrap car crushing residues Download PDFInfo
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- CN114178034A CN114178034A CN202111518363.0A CN202111518363A CN114178034A CN 114178034 A CN114178034 A CN 114178034A CN 202111518363 A CN202111518363 A CN 202111518363A CN 114178034 A CN114178034 A CN 114178034A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B15/00—Combinations of apparatus for separating solids from solids by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sorting method of scrap automobile crushing residues, belonging to the technical field of automobile crushing residue sorting; the method comprises the following steps: coarse crushing of excess materials, volume screening, small material sorting, medium material sorting, light material sorting, medium and heavy material sorting, heavy material magnetic separation and eddy current sorting. The invention can sort the complex automobile broken residues into single recyclable materials, thereby realizing the resource utilization of waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sorting of automobile broken residues, in particular to a sorting method of scraped automobile broken residues.
Background
Generally, after a scraped car is disassembled and parts are recovered, the rest part is compressed, crushed and sorted to recover metal and non-metal materials, and the rest part which is difficult to recover and is finely crushed is called as car crushing Residue (ASR). With the rapid development of the automobile market in China, the number of scrapped automobiles increases year by year, so that the resource and environmental problems caused by the broken residues of the scrapped automobiles are increasingly prominent. According to statistics, the quantity of automobile scrapped in China is about 700 thousands of automobiles per year, and 1200 thousands of automobiles are predicted to be scrapped in 2025, and the ASR generated at that time exceeds 300 ten thousand tons (the average weight of each automobile is 1000kg, and the ASR accounts for about 25 percent of the total weight of the scrapped automobiles), which forms a serious challenge for environmental management and pollution control.
The scrap car crushing residue is the integration of residual substances after disassembling parts and sorting metals, is a mixture with complex components and contains a large amount of incompatible materials. The automobile broken residue has complex content, including hard plastic, soft plastic, rubber, resin, fiber, glass, paper, sponge, electric wire (ceramic and electric conductor material) and the like, and the plastic, the sponge, the fiber and the rubber are the most abundant components in the broken residue.
In the prior art, the mixed components cannot be effectively recycled and reused, and the environment is easily damaged. However, there is no systematic method or system which can sieve out various components in the automobile crushing residue individually for specific recycling.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a method for sorting scrap car debris to solve the problem that the scrap car debris cannot be sorted individually in the prior art.
The invention provides a sorting method of scrap car crushing residues. The method comprises the following steps:
coarse crushing of excess materials: inputting the automobile crushing residue into a crusher, and crushing the automobile crushing residue into coarse particles;
and (3) volume screening: inputting the coarse particles into a drum screen, and screening the coarse particles into a large material, a medium material and a small material by the drum screen; the macro-aggregate comprises large pieces of sponge; the medium materials comprise plastics, sponge, fiber, rubber and metal; the small material comprises slag and glass powder;
sorting small materials: inputting the small material mixture obtained through volume screening into an infrared material sorting machine, and screening out glass in the small material by the infrared material sorting machine to separate the glass from the dregs;
sorting the medium materials: inputting the medium material mixture obtained through volume screening into a wind power separator, and screening the medium material mixture into three types of heavy materials, medium heavy materials and light materials by the wind power separator; the heavy materials comprise copper, iron and aluminum; the medium heavy material comprises plastic and rubber; the light material comprises sponge and fiber;
light material sorting: inputting the light material obtained by sorting the medium material into a shaking table sorting machine, and screening out light-density sponge by the shaking table sorting machine to separate sponge and fiber;
sorting medium and heavy materials: inputting the medium and heavy materials obtained by medium material sorting into a ray sorting machine, and separating plastics and rubber by the ray sorting machine according to the light reflection characteristic of the surface of the material;
heavy material magnetic separation: inputting the heavy material obtained by sorting the medium material into magnetic separation equipment, and screening out iron in the heavy material by the magnetic separation equipment to obtain a non-ferrous metal mixed material containing copper and aluminum;
eddy current sorting: the non-ferrous metal mix containing copper and aluminum is fed into an eddy current separator, which separates the copper and aluminum.
Further, in the coarse crushing stage of the residual materials, the automobile crushing residues sequentially pass through the gyratory crusher, the double-layer vibrating screen and the cone crusher, materials which cannot pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are conveyed into the gyratory crusher again for secondary crushing, and the materials which pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are input into the cone crusher through the conveying belt.
Furthermore, in the coarse crushing stage of the residual materials, more than four fifths of automobile crushed residues are crushed into particles with the particle size of less than 12mm, and less than one fifth of the automobile crushed residues are powdery residue soil, glass and massive sponge.
Furthermore, the rotary screen can change the feeding speed of the roller, the length of the roller and the aperture of the screen mesh aiming at the component change of the automobile crushing residue.
Furthermore, an infrared sensing device is arranged inside the infrared material sorting machine and can identify the spectrum reflected by the glass and separate the glass from the muck.
Furthermore, the wind power separator is a horizontal wind power separator, and the separation precision of the horizontal wind power separator reaches more than 85%.
Furthermore, a low-radioactivity ray beam recognition system is adopted in the ray sorting machine, the system identifies the types of the materials by utilizing the different light reflection characteristics of the surfaces of the materials, the feeding system uniformly conveys the materials to the light detection system, and the light detection system displays the colors and the hues of the materials through the irradiation of a light source, so that the separation of the plastic and the rubber is realized.
Furthermore, the magnetic separation equipment adopts two sections of permanent magnetic force rollers to perform double magnetic separation on the heavy materials, and the magnetic separation precision reaches more than 90%.
Furthermore, the eddy current separator adopts a process flow of 'one roughing, three scavenging and five concentration', materials passing through the roughing flow enter a refining flow, tailings which cannot pass through the roughing flow enter a scavenging flow, tailings which cannot pass through the refining and scavenging flows return to the previous section in sequence, the roughing flow adopts a vertical eddy current separator, and the refining and scavenging flows adopt horizontal eddy currents.
Further, the automobile scrap is the remainder obtained after disassembling, compressing, crushing and sorting of scrap passenger cars, scrap passenger cars or scrap trucks, and includes chips or powders of plastics, rubbers, paints, synthetic fibers, ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, glass and muck.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the sorting method for the crushed automobile residues, the crushed automobile residues are sorted into a single material through a series of sorting modes, the sorting efficiency is high, and resources can be effectively recycled.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for sorting scrap car scrap in this embodiment includes the following steps:
automobile broken residues obtained after disassembly, compression, crushing and sorting of the discarded passenger cars, discarded passenger cars or discarded trucks are collected, and the automobile broken residues comprise fragments or powder of plastics, rubber, synthetic fibers, sponge, ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, glass and muck.
Coarse crushing of excess materials: since automobile shredder residues are diverse in composition and have large differences in shape and size, it is necessary to crush and grind the automobile shredder residues before sorting. The current commonly used crushing equipment comprises a roller crusher and a shear type crusher, the crushing efficiency of the roller crusher is easily influenced by the change of the feeding components, and the use efficiency is unstable. The shear type crusher is easy to be overloaded and shut down due to hard materials, and needs a professional to carry out monitoring. The residual material coarse crushing stage adopts a two-section one-closed-circuit crushing design structure, namely a linear combination structure of a first gyratory crusher, a double-layer vibrating screen and a first cone crusher. Automobile crushing residues sequentially pass through the gyratory crusher, the double-layer vibrating screen and the cone crusher, materials which cannot pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are conveyed into the gyratory crusher again for secondary crushing, and the materials which pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are input into the cone crusher through the conveying belt. The treatment capacity of the crushing design structure is large, the obtained granularity is uniform, and the crushing efficiency is high. The material with the grain diameter of less than 12mm can account for more than four fifths, and the rest less than one fifth of the material is powdery residue soil, glass and massive sponge. The slag soil and the glass are powdery and are not influenced by the crusher, and the sponge can avoid the action of the crusher due to over soft texture.
And (3) volume screening: and inputting the coarsely crushed automobile crushing residue particles into a rotary screen, wherein the rotary screen adopts a GTS2030 type rotary screen to screen the automobile crushing residue particles, and the rotary screen screens the coarse particles into a large material, a medium material and a small material. The macro-aggregate comprises large pieces of sponge; the medium materials comprise plastics, sponge, fiber, rubber and metal; the small material comprises slag and glass powder. The screening efficiency of the drum screen is 80% -95%, and most of automobile crushing residue particles can be accurately screened into three types. The sieving machine operates with small power and can separate the crushed residual mixture into three types. When the components of the automobile crushing residues are changed, the drum screen can change the feeding speed of the drum, the length of the drum and the aperture of the screen mesh so as to adapt to the change of the components of the automobile crushing residues and keep higher screening efficiency all the time.
Sorting small materials: the method comprises the steps of inputting a small material mixture obtained through volume screening into an infrared material sorting machine, wherein the infrared material sorting machine is specifically an Amyda infrared material sorting machine with the model of ZSI4-64X, and by utilizing an infrared sensing device in the infrared material sorting machine, a spectrogram generated by glass under infrared light irradiation can be accurately identified, and the glass is identified and sorted out, so that the separation of slag soil and the glass is realized. The infrared material sorting machine has good reproducibility, short response time, sorting rate of more than 80 percent and sorting purity of more than 90 percent. The separated dregs can be used for manufacturing building materials or backfilling road surfaces, and the glass powder can be used for paving, manufacturing colored bricks or remelting glass for remelting.
Sorting the medium materials: and inputting the medium material mixture obtained through volume screening into a wind power separator, wherein the wind power separator adopts a horizontal wind power separator, in the falling process of the medium material mixture in the horizontal wind power separator, the medium material mixture is blown away by horizontal airflow blown by an air blower, and various components respectively fall into collecting tanks of heavy materials, medium heavy materials and light materials along different movement tracks. The medium-material mixture is screened into three types of heavy material, medium-heavy material and light material by the wind power separator. The heavy materials comprise copper, iron and aluminum; the medium heavy material comprises plastic and rubber; the light material comprises sponge and fiber. The horizontal wind power separator has simple structure and convenient maintenance, and the separation precision of the medium material separation stage is more than 85 percent.
Light material sorting: and (3) inputting the light material obtained by sorting the medium material into a shaking table sorting machine for heavy medium sorting, and sorting the sponge with light density, thereby realizing the separation of the sponge and the fiber. The mode of shaking table separation has the characteristics of no toxicity, no corrosiveness and easy recovery and regeneration. The shaking table separator can optimize the separation process by changing the separation conditions, such as the variety, density and other factors of the heavy medium, and the separation precision of the shaking table separator is 80-95%. The sponge obtained in the light material sorting stage can be mixed with the sponge obtained in the volume screening stage, and the obtained sponge can be processed into colored sponge and can be used in elastic materials for shock absorption and anti-friction applications, such as soles, automotive upholsteries or other industrial products. The recycled synthetic fibers can be converted into small molecular monomers by a physical or chemical process method and then polymerized into corresponding high molecular compounds, so that the limit reutilization is realized.
Sorting medium and heavy materials: and (3) inputting the medium and heavy materials obtained by medium material separation into a ray separator, wherein the ray separator adopts a Dorong X-TRACT type ray separator. A low-radioactivity ray beam recognition system is used in the ray sorting machine, the material is uniformly fed to the optical detection system by the feeding system, and the color and tone of the material are displayed by the optical detection system under the irradiation of a light source, so that the plastic and the rubber are specifically recognized and separated. The ray sorting machine can optimize the sorting process by changing the sorting conditions, such as the wavelength, the intensity and other factors of the light source, and the sorting precision is 80-95%. The recycled rubber has the following uses: firstly, the rubber particles, the rubber powder and other reclaimed rubber raw materials are prepared through a certain process, and then the rubber particles, the rubber powder and other raw materials are used for preparing a new rubber product. And secondly, the waste rubber is doped into the common concrete so as to achieve the purposes of recycling the waste rubber and changing waste into valuable. And thirdly, thermally cracking, vacuum cracking, catalytic cracking and the like of the waste rubber in an inert atmosphere. Through the thermal cracking process, three types of recovery products of gas, liquid and solid can be obtained from the waste rubber. The recycled plastics have the following uses: firstly, the waste plastics are re-melted to prepare the recycled plastics. And secondly, the waste polyolefin plastic is changed into fuel oil through the processes of crushing, heating, decomposing and the like.
Heavy material magnetic separation: the heavy materials obtained by medium material separation are input into magnetic separation equipment, common magnetic separation equipment comprises a magnetic roller, a suspension type magnet device and the like, the magnetic roller is suitable for small-scale separation operation, and the suspension type magnet device needs to be matched with a belt conveyor, an iron unloader and the like. In the specific implementation process, two sections of permanent magnetic force rollers are usually adopted to sort the metal waste materials, and the magnetic force rollers adopt RX-CX30 type magnetic force rollers to sort iron and nonferrous metals. The magnetic separation method of two-stage operation has short separation time and separation precision of more than 90 percent.
Eddy current sorting: the method comprises the steps of inputting a non-ferrous metal mixed material containing copper and aluminum into an eddy current separator, wherein the eddy current separator adopts a process flow of 'one roughing + three scavenging + five roughing', materials passing through the roughing flow enter a refining flow, tailings which cannot pass through the roughing flow enter a scavenging flow, and tailings which cannot pass through the refining and scavenging flows return to the previous section in sequence, the roughing flow adopts a vertical eddy current separator, the refining and scavenging flows adopt a horizontal eddy current separator, and the eddy current separator separates the copper and the aluminum. The eddy current sorting system for multi-stage operation has the advantages of simple operation, low power consumption and sorting precision up to more than 90%.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sorting method of scrap car crushing residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
coarse crushing of excess materials: inputting the automobile crushing residue into a crusher, and crushing the automobile crushing residue into coarse particles;
and (3) volume screening: inputting the coarse particles into a drum screen, and screening the coarse particles into a large material, a medium material and a small material by the drum screen; the macro-aggregate comprises large pieces of sponge; the medium materials comprise plastics, sponge, fiber, rubber and metal; the small material comprises slag and glass powder;
sorting small materials: inputting the small material mixture obtained through volume screening into an infrared material sorting machine, and screening out glass in the small material by the infrared material sorting machine to separate the glass from the dregs;
sorting the medium materials: inputting the medium material mixture obtained through volume screening into a wind power separator, and screening the medium material mixture into three types of heavy materials, medium heavy materials and light materials by the wind power separator; the heavy materials comprise copper, iron and aluminum; the medium heavy material comprises plastic and rubber; the light material comprises sponge and fiber;
light material sorting: inputting the light material obtained by sorting the medium material into a shaking table sorting machine, and screening out light-density sponge by the shaking table sorting machine to separate sponge and fiber;
sorting medium and heavy materials: inputting the medium and heavy materials obtained by medium material sorting into a ray sorting machine, and separating plastics and rubber by the ray sorting machine according to the light reflection characteristic of the surface of the material;
heavy material magnetic separation: inputting the heavy material obtained by sorting the medium material into magnetic separation equipment, and screening out iron in the heavy material by the magnetic separation equipment to obtain a non-ferrous metal mixed material containing copper and aluminum;
eddy current sorting: the non-ferrous metal mix containing copper and aluminum is fed into an eddy current separator, which separates the copper and aluminum.
2. The method for sorting the crushed residues of the scraped cars according to claim 1, wherein in the coarse crushing stage of the residues, the crushed residues of the cars pass through a gyratory crusher, a double-layer vibrating screen and a cone crusher in sequence, the materials which can not pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are conveyed to the gyratory crusher again for secondary crushing, and the materials which pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are conveyed to the cone crusher through a conveying belt.
3. The method for sorting the crushed automobile scrap according to claim 2, wherein in the rough crushing stage of the scrap, more than four fifths of the crushed automobile scrap is crushed into particles with the particle size of less than 12mm, and less than one fifth of the crushed automobile scrap is powdery residue, glass and massive sponge.
4. The method for sorting the crushed scrap car residues according to claim 1, wherein the roller screen can change the feeding speed of the roller, the length of the roller and the aperture of the screen mesh according to the change of the components of the crushed scrap car residues.
5. The method for sorting broken residues of scraped cars according to claim 1, wherein an infrared sensing device is arranged in the infrared material sorting machine, and the infrared sensing device can identify the spectrum reflected by the glass and separate the glass from the dregs.
6. The method for sorting the crushed scrap car residues according to claim 1, wherein the air separator is a horizontal air separator, and the sorting precision of the horizontal air separator is more than 85%.
7. The method for sorting broken residues of scraped cars according to claim 1, wherein a low-radioactivity ray beam recognition system is used inside the ray sorting machine, the system utilizes the light reflection characteristics of the surfaces of the materials to identify the types of the materials, the feeding system uniformly conveys the materials to the light detection system, and the light detection system irradiates through a light source to display the colors and the hues of the materials, so that the separation of the plastic and the rubber is realized.
8. The method for sorting the crushed scrap car residues according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic separation equipment adopts two sections of permanent magnetic rollers to perform double magnetic separation on the heavy materials, and the magnetic separation precision reaches more than 90%.
9. The method for sorting broken residues of scraped cars according to claim 1, wherein the eddy current sorting machine adopts a process flow of 'one roughing, three scavenging and five concentrating', materials passing through the roughing flow enter the concentrating flow, tailings failing to pass through the roughing flow enter the scavenging flow, and tailings failing to pass through the concentrating and scavenging flows return to the previous flow in sequence, the roughing flow adopts a vertical eddy current sorting machine, and the concentrating and scavenging flows adopt horizontal eddy current.
10. The method for sorting scrap car shredder residue according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the scrap car shredder residue is the residue obtained from scrapped passenger cars, scrapped passenger cars or scrapped trucks after dismantling, compressing, shredding and sorting, and comprises chips or powders of plastics, rubbers, synthetic fibers, sponges, ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, glass and muck.
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| CN202111518363.0A CN114178034B (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2021-12-13 | Sorting method for broken residues of scraped car |
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| CN202111518363.0A CN114178034B (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2021-12-13 | Sorting method for broken residues of scraped car |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117339909A (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-01-05 | 佛山市南海瑞泰机动车报废有限公司 | Sorting method for broken residues of scraped car |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5443157A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1995-08-22 | Nimco Shredding Co. | Automobile shredder residue (ASR) separation and recycling system |
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| CN117339909B (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-03-12 | 佛山市南海瑞泰机动车报废有限公司 | Sorting method for broken residues of scraped car |
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