CN114151080A - Underground mineral mining device and mineral analysis method - Google Patents
Underground mineral mining device and mineral analysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114151080A CN114151080A CN202210123883.XA CN202210123883A CN114151080A CN 114151080 A CN114151080 A CN 114151080A CN 202210123883 A CN202210123883 A CN 202210123883A CN 114151080 A CN114151080 A CN 114151080A
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- mining
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- driving wheel
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C27/00—Machines which completely free the mineral from the seam
- E21C27/20—Mineral freed by means not involving slitting
- E21C27/22—Mineral freed by means not involving slitting by rotary drills with breaking-down means, e.g. wedge-shaped drills, i.e. the rotary axis of the tool carrier being substantially perpendicular to the working face, e.g. MARIETTA-type
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C29/00—Propulsion of machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam
- E21C29/22—Propulsion of machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam by wheels, endless tracks or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C31/00—Driving means incorporated in machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam
- E21C31/02—Driving means incorporated in machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam for cutting or breaking-down devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/06—Equipment for positioning the whole machine in relation to its sub-structure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C39/00—Devices for testing in situ the hardness or other properties of minerals, e.g. for giving information as to the selection of suitable mining tools
Abstract
The invention discloses an underground mineral mining device, which comprises a mining trolley, a mining mechanism, a driving mechanism and a fixing device, wherein the mining trolley is arranged on the mining trolley; the mining trolley bottom is provided with an installation section of thick bamboo, and mining mechanism and actuating mechanism all install in an installation section of thick bamboo, and fixing device includes basic support, beats motor, swing seat, beats hammer and anchorages, the surface of an installation section of thick bamboo is provided with perpendicular groove, and the one end of basic support is installed at perpendicular inslot, and the one end of swing seat is articulated with basic support, and the other end is articulated with beating the hammer, beats motor drive swing seat rotation, and the anchorages are installed on basic support, beats the hammer and beats the anchorages along with the rotation of swing seat. The mining trolley is fixed in the ore bed by the fixing device, minerals are completely separated from the ore bed by the mining mechanism, the whole mining device is small in size and high in automation degree, whole-course automatic mining can be achieved, the mining trolley is particularly suitable for small-batch mining in severe environments such as underground tunnels, and manual following operation is not needed in the whole process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to a machine for separating minerals from a mineral seam and an underground mining method.
Background
Minerals are the main raw materials of modern industry, and mining cannot be carried out in both economic and industrial development. At present, the types of minerals required to be used in the industry are very many, and the similar minerals are not completely consistent in characteristics such as components, hardness and the like, so that the mining machinery adopted in the mining industry is very diverse; in the whole, the mining machines in the prior art are large-scale equipment, and are mainly used for large-scale mining. However, in actual mining, as the mining progress increases, the minerals in the pit or the seam change, so that the technician needs to mine in a small batch in many places, and the large mining equipment in the prior art is difficult to be used for multi-point small-batch mining.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mining machine and an underground mining method which are convenient to move and high in automation degree, so as to meet the requirement of small-batch mining.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an underground mineral mining device comprises a mining trolley, a mining mechanism, a driving mechanism and a fixing device;
the mining trolley is used for bearing mined minerals, the mining trolley can be self-powered or can adopt a traction type trolley, the bottom of the mining trolley is provided with an installation cylinder, a mining mechanism and a driving mechanism are both installed in the installation cylinder, the driving mechanism provides power for the mining mechanism, and the mining mechanism is used for mining the minerals and transporting the minerals to the mining trolley;
the mining mechanism can generate larger reaction force when mining operation is carried out, and a common mining trolley can not provide a stable foundation for the mining mechanism, so that the mining device is provided with a fixing device, the fixing device comprises a base support, a knocking motor, a swinging seat, a knocking hammer and a fixed anchor, a vertical groove is formed in the surface of the mounting cylinder, one end of the base support is installed in the vertical groove, one end of the swinging seat is hinged with the base support, the other end of the swinging seat is hinged with the knocking hammer, the knocking motor drives the swinging seat to rotate, and the fixed anchor is installed on the base support; the fixed anchor is knocked by the knocking hammer along with the rotation of the swinging seat, and the fixed anchor gradually drills into a mineral seam under the repeated knocking of the knocking hammer, so that the mining trolley is fixed;
the mining device is small in overall size and high in automation degree, can realize whole-course automatic mining, is particularly suitable for mining in severe environments such as underground tunnels, does not need manual following operation in the whole process, and is very suitable for small-batch mining.
Furthermore, the fixed anchor comprises an outer anchor sleeve, an anchor core, a locking motor and a locking gear, wherein the anchor core is conical, the anchor core is positioned in the outer anchor sleeve, the outer anchor sleeve is provided with a guide groove in the vertical direction, the surface of the anchor core is provided with a guide strip, and the guide strip is positioned in the guide groove; the top of the anchor core is in threaded connection with the locking gear, and the locking motor drives the locking gear to rotate; the guide strip and the guide groove have the functions of ensuring that the anchor core can only move in the vertical direction but can not rotate, and when the locking motor drives the locking gear to rotate, the anchor core moves up and down;
because the anchor core is conical, when the anchor core moves downwards, the anchor core enables the outer anchor sleeve to expand, so that the outer anchor sleeve is more stable in the mineral seam.
Specifically, mining mechanism includes drill bit and sleeve pipe, and the sleeve pipe is located the installation section of thick bamboo, and the drill bit is installed in the one end of sleeve pipe, and the inside of drill bit and sleeve pipe is hollow, actuating mechanism drives the sleeve pipe and rotates and goes up and down.
Furthermore, the mining mechanism further comprises a linear driver and a lifting rod, the lifting rod is positioned in the sleeve, the bottom of the lifting rod is hinged with the sheet barb, the linear driver drives the lifting rod to lift, a guide plate which obliquely points to the center of the drill bit is arranged in the drill bit, and claw teeth are arranged at the bottom of the guide plate; when the drill bit is rotatory, the broken mineral of drill bit utilizes the guide board to assemble mineral to the center, and the slice barb of bottom inserts in the mineral when the lifter descends, and the back mineral that the lifter ascends is along with the slice barb rise get into in the mining dolly.
Furthermore, actuating mechanism includes driving motor, transmission assembly, lift drive wheel and rotatory drive wheel are all installed on the installation section of thick bamboo, and driving motor passes through transmission assembly drive lift drive wheel and rotatory drive wheel is rotatory, and lift drive wheel and rotatory drive wheel all laminate with sheathed tube surface, and lift drive wheel drive sleeve pipe goes up and down, and rotatory drive wheel drive sleeve pipe rotation.
Further, the transmission assembly comprises a worm, a worm wheel and a belt pulley set, the driving motor is connected with the worm, the worm is connected with the worm wheel, the worm wheel is connected with the lifting driving wheel, and the belt pulley set is connected with the worm and the rotary driving wheel.
Furthermore, the mining device also comprises a large gear ring, the transmission assembly also comprises a plurality of small gears, the small gears are arranged on the worm, and the small gears in all the driving mechanisms are meshed with the large gear ring; the function of the large gear ring is to ensure that the worms in all the driving mechanisms are synchronous, and further ensure that all the lifting driving wheels and the rotating driving wheels are synchronous;
a first transition wheel is arranged on the surface of the lifting driving wheel, the central axis of the first transition wheel is vertical to the central axis of the lifting driving wheel, a second transition wheel is arranged on the surface of the rotating driving wheel, and the central axis of the second transition wheel is vertical to the central axis of the rotating driving wheel; because the sleeve pipe has the rotating motion and the lifting motion, the first transition wheel is arranged on the surface of the lifting driving wheel and the second transition wheel is arranged on the surface of the rotating driving wheel, so that the sliding friction between the sleeve pipe and the lifting driving wheel and the sliding friction between the sleeve pipe and the rotating driving wheel can be avoided.
Further, the mining device further comprises a mineral analyzer, wherein the mineral analyzer is mounted on the mining trolley; the mineral analyzer belongs to mature products and has various products according to different functions, such as an ore grade online detector, a handheld hardness detector, a gas chromatograph, an online infrared moisture tester and the like; the mining apparatus of the present invention can test properties such as hardness of minerals on site, depending on the particular installed mineral analyzer.
The invention also provides a method for mineral analysis by using the underground mineral mining device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: knocking the fixing anchor into the seam by using a knocking hammer;
step 2: the outer anchor sleeve is propped open by the anchor core, so that the whole mining trolley is fixed;
and step 3: driving the drill bit to carry out rotary mining, and gathering minerals to the center of the drill bit;
and 4, step 4: the lifting rod repeatedly lifts to lift the minerals at the center of the drill bit into the mining trolley;
and 5: the mineral analyzer automatically analyzes minerals within the mining cart.
And (5) repeating the steps 1 to 5 to realize underground automatic mining and on-site mineral hardness or other characteristics testing.
Has the advantages that: the underground mineral mining device provided by the invention has the advantages that the mining trolley is fixed in the ore bed by the fixing device, minerals are completely separated from the ore bed by the mining mechanism, the whole size of the mining device is small, the automation degree is high, the whole-course automatic mining can be realized, the underground mineral mining device is particularly suitable for mining in severe environments such as underground tunnels, the whole process does not need manual following operation, and the underground mineral mining device is very suitable for small-batch mining.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a mining apparatus of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the mining apparatus of example 1 (hidden mining trolley).
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the fixing device in embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the fixing device in embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the drive mechanism in embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a mining mechanism in embodiment 1.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the mining mechanism in example 1.
Wherein: 100. a mining trolley; 110. mounting the cylinder; 111. a vertical slot; 200. a mining mechanism; 210. a drill bit; 211. a guide plate; 212. claw teeth; 220. a sleeve; 230. a linear actuator; 240. a lifting rod; 241. a barb; 300. a drive mechanism; 310. a drive motor; 320. a transmission assembly; 321. a worm; 322. a worm gear; 323. a pulley set; 324. a pinion gear; 330. lifting the driving wheel; 331. a first transition wheel; 340. rotating the drive wheel; 341. a second transition wheel; 400. a fixing device; 410. a base support; 420. knocking the motor; 430. a swing seat; 440. knocking a hammer; 450. fixing an anchor; 451. an outer anchor sleeve; 451-1, a guide groove; 452. an anchor core; 452-1, a guide bar; 453. locking the motor; 454. a locking gear; 500. a large gear ring; 600. a mineral analyzer; 610. mineral on-line infrared moisture tester; 620. a gas chromatograph, 630 and a handheld hardness tester.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the underground mineral mining apparatus of the present embodiment includes a mining carriage 100, a mining mechanism 200, a driving mechanism 300, a fixing device 400, a bull gear 500, and a mineral analyzer 600;
the mining trolley 100 is used for bearing mined minerals, the mining trolley 100 of the embodiment is a traction type trolley, and extra power trolleys are arranged for traction when the mining trolley is actually used;
the bottom of the mining trolley 100 is provided with a mounting barrel 110 as shown in fig. 2 and 3, and the mining mechanism 200, the driving mechanism 300 and the fixing device 400 are all mounted on the mounting barrel 110;
as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the fixing device 400 includes a base bracket 410, a striking motor 420, a swing base 430, a striking hammer 440, and a fixing anchor 450, wherein a vertical slot 111 is formed on a surface of the mounting barrel 110, one end of the base bracket 410 is installed in the vertical slot 111, one end of the swing base 430 is hinged to the base bracket 410, the other end of the swing base 430 is hinged to the striking hammer 440, the striking motor 420 drives the swing base 430 to rotate, the fixing anchor 450 is installed on the base bracket 410, and the striking hammer 440 strikes the fixing anchor 450 along with the rotation of the swing base 430; the fixed anchor 450 comprises an outer anchor sleeve 451, an anchor core 452, a locking motor 453 and a locking gear 454, wherein the anchor core 452 is conical, the anchor core 452 is positioned in the outer anchor sleeve 451, the outer anchor sleeve 451 is provided with a vertical guide groove 451-1, the surface of the anchor core 452 is provided with a guide strip 452-1, and the guide strip 452-1 is positioned in the guide groove 451-1; the top of the anchor core 452 is in threaded connection with a locking gear 454, and the locking gear 454 is driven to rotate by a locking motor 453; the guide strip 452-1 and the guide groove 451-1 function to ensure that the anchor core 452 can only move vertically but not rotate, and when the locking gear 454 is driven to rotate by the locking motor 453, the anchor core 452 moves up and down;
as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the mining mechanism 200 comprises a drill bit 210, a sleeve 220, a linear actuator 230 and a lifting rod 240, wherein the sleeve 220 is positioned in the mounting cylinder 110, the drill bit 210 is mounted at one end of the sleeve 220, the drill bit 210 and the sleeve 220 are hollow inside, the lifting rod 240 is positioned in the sleeve 220, the bottom of the lifting rod 240 is hinged with a sheet-shaped barb 241, the linear actuator 230 drives the lifting rod 240 to lift, and the linear actuator 230 adopts a hydraulic cylinder; a guide plate 211 obliquely pointing to the center of the drill 210 is arranged inside the drill 210, and the bottom of the guide plate 211 is provided with claw teeth 212; when the drill bit 210 rotates, the drill bit 210 crushes minerals and gathers the minerals to the center by the guide plate 211, the sheet-shaped barbs 241 at the bottom are inserted into the minerals when the lifting rod 240 descends, and the minerals ascend into the mining trolley 100 along with the sheet-shaped barbs 241 after the lifting rod 240 ascends;
as shown in fig. 5, the driving mechanism 300 includes a driving motor 310, a transmission assembly 320, a lifting driving wheel 330 and a rotating driving wheel 340, the lifting driving wheel 330 and the rotating driving wheel 340 are both mounted on the mounting barrel 110, the driving motor 310 drives the lifting driving wheel 330 and the rotating driving wheel 340 to rotate through the transmission assembly 320, the lifting driving wheel 330 and the rotating driving wheel 340 are both attached to the surface of the sleeve 220, the lifting driving wheel 330 drives the sleeve 220 to lift, the rotating driving wheel 340 drives the sleeve 220 to rotate, a first transition wheel 331 is disposed on the surface of the lifting driving wheel 330, a central axis of the first transition wheel 331 is perpendicular to a central axis of the lifting driving wheel 330, a second transition wheel 341 is disposed on the surface of the rotating driving wheel 340, and a central axis of the second transition wheel 341 is perpendicular to the central axis of the rotating driving wheel 340; since the sleeve 220 has both rotation motion and lifting motion, the first transition wheel 331 disposed on the surface of the lifting driving wheel 330 and the second transition wheel 341 disposed on the surface of the rotating driving wheel 340 can prevent the sleeve 220 from generating sliding friction with the lifting driving wheel 330 and the rotating driving wheel 340;
the transmission assembly 320 comprises a worm 321, a worm wheel 322, a belt pulley group 323 and a pinion 324, the driving motor 310 is connected with the worm 321, the worm 321 is connected with the worm wheel 322, the worm wheel 322 is connected with the lifting driving wheel 330, and the belt pulley group 323 is connected with the worm 321 and the rotating driving wheel 340; the pinion 324 is mounted on the worm 321; in the present embodiment, there are four driving mechanisms 300, and the pinions 324 in all the driving mechanisms 300 are engaged with the bull gear 500 sleeved on the mounting barrel 110; the function of the large gear ring 500 is to ensure that all the worms 321 in the driving mechanism 300 are synchronized, and further ensure that all the lifting driving wheels 330 and the rotating driving wheels 340 are synchronized;
a mineral analyzer 600 is mounted on the mining trolley 100, the mineral analyzer of this embodiment comprising a model PSD-W100 mineral online infrared moisture tester 610, a GC8100PLUS gas chromatograph 620 and a hand-held hardness tester 630, for in situ testing of hardness or other characteristics of minerals.
The whole small and degree of automation height of mining device of this embodiment can realize whole automatic mining and automatic mineral analysis, and especially adapted application need not the manual work and follows the operation in adverse circumstances such as underground gallery, and specific mining and mineral analysis step are:
(1) configuring a power trolley to pull the mining trolley 100 to a target ore bed;
(2) when the rapping motor 420 shown in fig. 4 is started, the rapping hammer 440 raps the fixed anchor 450 along with the rotation of the swinging seat 430, and the fixed anchor 450 gradually drills into the mineral seam under the repeated rapping of the rapping hammer 440;
(3) the locking motor 453 drives the locking gear 454 to rotate, the anchor core 452 moves downwards, the conical anchor core 452 enables the outer anchor sleeve 451 to expand, and the outer anchor sleeve 451 is more stable in the ore bed;
(4) the driving motor 310 shown in fig. 5 drives the elevating driving wheel 330 and the rotary driving wheel 340 to rotate, and the casing 220 and the drill bit 210 descend while rotating;
(5) the drill 210 as shown in fig. 6 crushes the minerals and converges the minerals to the center using the guide plate 211;
(6) the lifting rod 240 shown in fig. 7 is lowered, the sheet-like barbs 241 at the bottom of the lifting rod 240 are inserted into the mineral, and the mineral rises into the mining trolley 100 along with the sheet-like barbs 241 after the lifting rod 240 is raised;
(7) the mineral analyzer 600 automatically tests the properties of the mineral, such as hardness, elemental composition, etc., on site.
The invention can be conveniently matched with the mineral analyzer 600, can test mineral hardness or other characteristics on site, and is beneficial for mining enterprises to analyze the current mineral seam and adjust the mining plan at any time.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in the specification, these embodiments are merely provided as a hint, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. Various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An underground mineral mining device which characterized in that: comprises a mining trolley (100), a mining mechanism (200), a driving mechanism (300) and a fixing device (400);
the bottom of the mining trolley (100) is provided with a mounting cylinder (110), and the mining mechanism (200) and the driving mechanism (300) are both mounted in the mounting cylinder (110);
the fixing device (400) comprises a base support (410), a knocking motor (420), a swinging seat (430), a knocking hammer (440) and a fixing anchor (450), wherein a vertical groove (111) is formed in the surface of the mounting cylinder (110), one end of the base support (410) is mounted in the vertical groove (111), one end of the swinging seat (430) is hinged to the base support (410), the other end of the swinging seat is hinged to the knocking hammer (440), the knocking motor (420) drives the swinging seat (430) to rotate, and the fixing anchor (450) is mounted on the base support (410); the striking hammer (440) strikes the fixed anchor (450) with the rotation of the swinging seat (430).
2. Underground mineral mining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixed anchor (450) comprises an outer anchor sleeve (451), an anchor core (452), a locking motor (453) and a locking gear (454), wherein the anchor core (452) is conical, the anchor core (452) is positioned in the outer anchor sleeve (451), the outer anchor sleeve (451) is provided with a guide groove (451-1) in the vertical direction, the surface of the anchor core (452) is provided with a guide strip (452-1), and the guide strip (452-1) is positioned in the guide groove (451-1); the top of the anchor core (452) is in threaded connection with a locking gear (454), and a locking motor (453) drives the locking gear (454) to rotate.
3. Underground mineral mining apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: the mining mechanism (200) comprises a drill bit (210) and a sleeve (220), the sleeve (220) is located in the installation cylinder (110), the drill bit (210) is installed at one end of the sleeve (220), the drill bit (210) and the sleeve (220) are hollow inside, and the driving mechanism (300) drives the sleeve (220) to rotate and lift.
4. An underground mineral mining apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the mining mechanism (200) further comprises a linear driver (230) and a lifting rod (240), the lifting rod (240) is located in the sleeve (220), the bottom of the lifting rod (240) is hinged with a sheet barb (241), and the linear driver (230) drives the lifting rod (240) to lift.
5. Underground mineral mining apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: the drill bit (210) is internally provided with a guide plate (211) which is obliquely directed to the center of the drill bit (210), and the bottom of the guide plate (211) is provided with claw teeth (212).
6. Underground mineral mining apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: the driving mechanism (300) comprises a driving motor (310), a transmission assembly (320), a lifting driving wheel (330) and a rotating driving wheel (340), wherein the lifting driving wheel (330) and the rotating driving wheel (340) are installed on the installation barrel (110), the driving motor (310) drives the lifting driving wheel (330) and the rotating driving wheel (340) to rotate through the transmission assembly (320), the lifting driving wheel (330) and the rotating driving wheel (340) are attached to the surface of the sleeve (220), the lifting driving wheel (330) drives the sleeve (220) to lift, and the rotating driving wheel (340) drives the sleeve (220) to rotate.
7. Underground mineral mining apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: the transmission assembly (320) comprises a worm (321), a worm wheel (322) and a belt pulley set (323), the driving motor (310) is connected with the worm (321), the worm wheel (322) is connected with the lifting driving wheel (330), and the belt pulley set (323) is connected with the worm (321) and the rotating driving wheel (340).
8. Underground mineral mining apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: the worm gear transmission mechanism further comprises a large gear ring (500), the transmission assembly (320) further comprises small gears (324), the small gears (324) are mounted on the worm (321), the number of the driving mechanisms (300) is multiple, and the small gears (324) in all the driving mechanisms (300) are meshed with the large gear ring (500);
the surface of the lifting driving wheel (330) is provided with a first transition wheel (331), and the surface of the rotating driving wheel (340) is provided with a second transition wheel (341).
9. Underground mineral mining apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: also included is a mineral analyzer (600), the mineral analyzer (600) mounted on the mining cart (100).
10. A method of mineral analysis using the underground mineral mining apparatus of claim 9, comprising the steps of:
step 1: driving the tie-down anchor (450) into the seam using a rapping hammer (440);
step 2: expanding the outer anchor sleeve (451) by using the anchor core (452);
and step 3: driving the drill bit (210) to rotatably mine the mineral to converge to the center of the drill bit (210);
and 4, step 4: the lifting rod (240) is repeatedly lifted to lift the minerals at the center of the drill bit (210) into the mining trolley (100);
and 5: a mineral analyzer (600) automatically analyzes minerals within a mining cart (100).
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| CN214576743U (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-11-02 | 王长顺 | Novel probing device for geotechnical engineering investigation |
| CN214533019U (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-10-29 | 朱广斌 | Mine deep well surrounding rock supporting device |
| CN113175332A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-27 | 中交一公局集团有限公司 | Supporting device for tunnel excavation |
| CN113530460A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-10-22 | 罗军 | Surveying and mapping engineering detection structure |
| CN215057115U (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-12-07 | 福建泉成勘察有限公司 | Perforating device is used in ground reconnaissance |
| CN113818927A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2021-12-21 | 山东省煤田地质规划勘察研究院 | Rock burst prevention and control device with energy guide function |
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