CN114136486A - Magnetic field and temperature sensor based on FP cascade FBG structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a magnetic field and temperature sensor based on an FP (Fabry-Perot) cascaded FBG (fiber Bragg Grating) structure, which comprises an ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) broadband light source (1), a 3d coupler (2), a double-parameter sensing system (3), a refractive index matching gel (4), a spectrum analyzer (5), a demodulation module (6) and a PC (personal computer) (7). The invention adopts an FP cascade FBG structure, light beams generated by an ASE broadband light source are reflected in the FP cascade FBG structure, the change of a magnetic field is detected by an FP cavity filled with magnetic fluid, the change of temperature is detected by the FBG, and the demodulation is carried out by a demodulation module, so that the processing on a PC is realized, and the aim of digitalization is fulfilled. The invention realizes the reduction of cross sensitivity, the increase of detection parameters and the reduction of sensor size, can output on a PC and realizes the real-time data detection of temperature and magnetic field at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensors, and particularly relates to a magnetic field and temperature sensor based on an FP (Fabry-Perot) cascaded FBG (fiber Bragg Grating) structure.
Background
Compared with the traditional electronic sensor, the optical fiber sensor has the advantages of small volume, good insulation, high signal-to-noise ratio, capability of remote monitoring, small electromagnetic interference, sensitivity and flexibility in use, and nowadays, along with the development of the society, a great number of optical fiber sensors capable of measuring temperature, pressure, concentration and the like are developed. In recent years, the development of society has increased the demand for sensors that are intelligent, multifunctional, and miniaturized. Therefore, the development of multi-parameter measurement sensors is becoming a future trend. A dual-parameter measurement sensor based on an FP cascade FBG structure is designed, which can monitor the magnetic field and the temperature and has the following advantages: the method has the advantages of strong multiplexing capability, remote monitoring, high safety, small electromagnetic interference, high measurement precision and sensitivity, extreme environment resistance, wider detection range, low manufacturing difficulty, strong anti-interference capability and realization of multi-parameter measurement.
The sensor adopts an FP cavity and an FBG cascaded optical fiber composite structure, wherein the FP cavity is filled with magnetic fluid, the FBG is welded on the right side of the FP cavity, the change of the magnetic field causes the change of the reflectivity of the magnetic fluid, so that the optical path of reflected light changes, the resonance peak of an obtained spectral curve moves along with the change of the reflectivity of the magnetic fluid, and magnetic field measurement is realized according to the movement of the spectral peak; in addition, the FBG has a central reflection wavelength that moves due to thermal expansion and thermo-optic effect, that is, the whole spectral curve moves but the shape does not change, and temperature measurement is realized according to the change of the moving amount of the spectral curve, and currently, a sensor based on the FP cascade FBG structure can realize multi-parameter monitoring of temperature, stress, pressure, concentration, magnetic field, current, and the like.
For example: in 2012, xu Yonghua et al (xu Yonghua, research [ D ] on the basis of a temperature and liquid concentration measurement method of an FBG-FP cavity, northeast university, 2012.) proposed that a sensor based on the FBG-FP cavity is designed by utilizing Fresnel reflection of an optical fiber end surface to measure the temperature and the liquid concentration, and the sensing characteristics of the sensor on the temperature are analyzed, and the result shows that the shape of a reflection spectrum of the FBG-FP cavity is not changed under the action of the temperature, but the position is integrally translated; in 2013, LvNiqing et al (LvNiqing, optical characteristics of magnetic fluid and optical fiber FP sensing key technology research [ D ]. northeast university, 2013.) propose that in order to solve the problem of cross sensitivity of temperature and magnetic field of magnetic fluid, a method of combining an optical fiber Bragg grating and an FP sensor is adopted, an FBG-FP sensor based on magnetic fluid filling is scientifically and reasonably designed, the FBG and the FP are simultaneously placed in a capillary quartz glass tube, the FBG is guaranteed to be free from stress influence as much as possible, temperature measurement is realized by means of the FBG temperature sensitivity characteristic, the influence of temperature on the magnetic fluid characteristic is compensated, and by deducing the sensing principle, the structure not only can realize temperature compensation, but also can realize double-parameter measurement; in 2018, Val gem yoga et al (Val gem yoga, full Lei, Liu jin Rong, Wang Guanjun. oil seal method-based optical fiber FP temperature sensor sensitivity enhancement technical research [ J ]. university of North and Central university (Nature science edition), 2018,39(03): 362-; in 2010, Lixing et al (Lixing. design [ D ] of magnetic fluid filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber F-P sensor, university of northeast, 2010.) proposed that magnetic fluid selection and sensing system design were completed and theoretical simulation was performed on the whole system by studying the magnetic fluid filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber F-P sensor; in 2021, zhanbin and et al (zhanbin and study [ D ]. hainan university, 2021.) proposed an improved method for preparing microbubbles based on a pressure-assisted discharge method, by controlling the intensity of arc discharge, time and fiber position, reducing the thickness of a microbubble film, preparing a micron-sized all-silicon thin film, and by controlling arc discharge and tension, transferring an end film of a bubble microcavity to a fusion structure of a single-mode fiber and a glass tube, an FP interference cavity can be formed at the end of the fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
At present, researchers have realized the measurement of parameters such as temperature, refractive index, stress, magnetism and the like by adopting an FBG or an FBG cascade structure, but the reasons that the cascade structure is complex in measuring a single parameter structure, and cannot realize double-parameter measurement or the multi-parameter measurement structure is complex in realizing and the like exist; by combining the advantages and the disadvantages of the prior art, the invention provides the magnetic field and temperature sensor based on the FP cascade FBG structure, which has the advantages of high sensitivity, capability of realizing double-parameter measurement, simple manufacturing method, strong repeatability, low manufacturing cost and high utilization rate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the technical scheme is as follows: magnetic field and temperature sensor based on FP cascades FBG structure, its characterized in that: the device comprises an ASE broadband light source (1), a 3d coupler (2), a double-parameter sensing system (3), refractive index matching gel (4), a spectrum analyzer (5), a demodulation module (6) and a PC (personal computer) (7);
the double-parameter sensing system (3) comprises a heating platform (3-1), a sensor (3-2), a liftable platform (3-3), a measurable displacement platform (3-4), a solenoid (3-5) and a current source (3-6), wherein:
the right side of the heating platform (3-1) is tightly leaned on and placed with a liftable platform (3-3), a measurable displacement platform (3-4) is fixed on the liftable platform (3-3), a solenoid (3-5) is fixed on the measurable displacement platform (3-4), a current source (3-6) is placed on the right side of the measurable displacement platform (3-4), and a sensor (3-2) is fixed above the heating platform (3-1);
the sensor (3-2) is of an optical fiber composite structure formed by cascading an FP cavity (3-2-1) and an FBG (3-2-2), the FP cavity (3-2-1) is filled with a magnetic fluid (3-2-3), and the FBG (3-2-2) is welded on the right side of the FP cavity (3-2-1) to form the sensor (3-2);
the manufacturing process of the sensor (3-2) comprises the steps of manufacturing a bubble micro-cavity of the FP cavity (3-2-1), manufacturing and filling the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) and manufacturing an optical fiber composite structure:
wherein: the production of the bubble micro-cavity of the FP chamber (3-2-1) first prepares a hollow quartz glass tube with an inner diameter of 125 microns and an outer diameter of 145 microns, and a single mode fiber with a fiber core of 10 microns and a cladding of 125 microns, wherein the tail end of the single mode fiber is cut flat and then is welded with one end of a hollow quartz glass tube with two flat cut end surfaces by using an optical fiber welding machine, the other end of the hollow quartz glass tube is connected with a pressure pump, two parts of the single mode fiber and the hollow quartz glass tube are respectively connected with a motor, the pressure of 120kPa is input, and the welded end surface is subjected to multiple discharge by using an electrode, simultaneously, the middle position of the hollow quartz glass tube is pulled towards two sides by a motor, the welding position is uniformly stretched into a thin cone shape, the cone-shaped end surface of the hollow quartz glass tube is slowly rotated, meanwhile, a ruby single crystal fiber laser is used for irradiating the ruby single crystal fiber laser, and a proper pressure intensity is added, so that a uniform bubble micro-cavity is manufactured at one end of the hollow quartz glass tube;
the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) is prepared by Coprecipitating HO (CH) with oxide2CH2O) nH was dissolved in distilled water, left to stand for 4min, and the solution was transferred to a condenser tube, stirrer, and N235ml of 0.160mol/L FeCl are added into a four-necked flask at the inlet in sequence2Solution, 15ml of 0.005% H2O2Stirring the aqueous solution at 50r/min, and adding dropwise 3.0mol/L NaOH aqueous solution to adjust pH of the mixture to 12 while adding N2Under the protection of (3), reacting for 5h at 45 ℃ to finally obtain magnetic fluid (3-2-3);
the filling of the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) aims at one end of the hollow quartz glass tube without a bubble microcavity, no air residue exists in the cavity during filling, and part of liquid at the later filling stage of the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) remains at the edge of the end face of the hollow quartz glass tube and is automatically dried, so that the magnetic fluid is wiped clean by using alcohol for subsequent welding;
the optical fiber composite structure is manufactured by using the hollow quartz glass tube filled with the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) and the FBG (3-2-2) with a section of grid region with the length of 25mm and the central wavelength of 1500nm, and welding the flat end surface of the hollow quartz glass tube filled with the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) with the FBG (3-2-2) by using an optical fiber welding machine to complete the manufacture of the optical fiber composite structure;
further, the magnetic field and temperature sensor based on the FP cascade FBG structure is further characterized in that:
an ASE broadband light source (1) emits light beams, two light beams are output through a 3d coupler (2), one light beam is incident to a refractive index matching gel (4), the other light beam is incident to a sensor (3-2) of a double-parameter sensing system (3), when a magnetic field is changed, the reflectivity of a magnetic fluid (3-2-3) in the wall of an FP cavity (3-2-1) is changed, when the temperature of a heating platform (3-1) is changed, the grid period and the effective refractive index of the FBG (3-2-2) are changed along with the change of the magnetic field, reflected light beams pass through the 3d coupler (2), are recorded by a spectrum analyzer (5), enter a demodulation module (6), and enter a PC (7) for data processing after demodulation;
further, the refractive index matching gel (4) is used for eliminating the return of the light beam and preventing the reflection spectrum of the optical fiber analyzed by the spectrum analyzer (5) from being influenced;
the magnetic field and temperature sensor based on the FP cascade FBG structure is characterized in that:
when the double-parameter sensing system (3) measures a magnetic field, the sensor (3-2) is fixed on the heating platform (3-1), the height of the lifting platform (3-3) is adjusted to ensure that the central height of the solenoid (3-5) is basically equal to that of the sensor (3-2), the current source (3-6) is connected on the solenoid (3-5) and the current source (3-6) is switched on, the solenoid (3-5) moves from far to near on the measurable displacement platform (3-4) to realize the measurement of the variable magnetic field, when the temperature is measured, the current source (3-6) is closed and the heating platform (3-1) is opened, the sensor (3-2) is fixed above the heating platform (3-1), and the temperature is adjusted to realize the measurement of the temperature.
The invention has the structure that: a magnetic field and temperature sensor based on FP cascade FBG structure.
Compared with the prior structure, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes double-parameter measurement of magnetic field and temperature, can detect the change of environmental temperature while detecting the real-time change of environmental magnetic field, has exquisite structure manufacturing method and smaller volume, can meet the detection under extreme environment and meet the requirement of multi-environment detection equipment.
The FP cavity is filled with the magnetic fluid to realize magnetic field measurement, and compared with the sticking magnetostrictive material, the structure has higher measurement precision.
The invention has the advantages of less cross influence of temperature and magnetic field, increased measurement precision and enhanced accuracy.
The invention can realize demodulation and output the result to the PC, and realize real-time monitoring and measurement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system diagram of a magnetic field and temperature sensor based on FP cascaded FBG structure.
Fig. 2 is a sensor structure diagram of a magnetic field and temperature sensor based on the FP cascade FBG structure.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a dual parameter sensing system of a magnetic field and temperature sensor based on the FP cascade FBG structure.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments will explain the specific implementation of the magnetic field and temperature sensor of FP cascade FBG structure in accordance with the present invention with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in figure 1, for the system diagram of the magnetic field and temperature sensor based on the FP cascade FBG structure provided by the invention, an ASE broadband light source (1) emits a light beam, two light beams are output through a 3d coupler (2), one light beam is incident to a refractive index matching gel (4), the return of the light beam is eliminated by the refractive index matching gel (4), the other light beam is incident to a sensor (3-2) of a double-parameter sensing system (3), the light beam passes through an FP cavity (3-2-1) and an optical fiber composite structure of the FBG (3-2-2) cascade and is reflected out, the reflected light beam passes through the 3d coupler (2) and enters a spectrum analyzer (5), after a current source (3-6) of the double-parameter sensing system (3) supplies power to a solenoid (3-5), the solenoid (3-5) is moved on a measurable displacement platform (3-4) to change the magnetic field, the reflectivity of the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) in the FP cavity (3-2-1) of the sensor (3-2) is changed, so that the optical path of reflected light is changed, and the detection of a magnetic field is realized by observing the moving amount of the peak value of a spectral curve on a spectrum analyzer (5); when the temperature of a heating platform (3-1) of the dual-parameter sensing system (3) changes, the grating period of the FBG (3-2-2) is changed by thermal expansion, the effective refractive index of the FBG (3-2-2) is changed by a thermo-optic effect, the central reflection wavelength moves, namely the whole spectral curve moves but the shape does not change, and the temperature is detected according to the change of the moving amount of the spectral curve; and the data in the spectrum analyzer (5) is output to a demodulation module (6), the cross influence of the temperature and the magnetic field is eliminated by a matrix analysis method of the demodulation module (6), the result is output to a PC (7), the measurement data of the temperature and the magnetic field is obtained, and the measurement sensitivity of the sensor (3-2) is further analyzed.
As shown in fig. 2, for the sensor structure diagram of the magnetic field and temperature sensor of the FP cascade FBG structure provided by the present invention, the FP cavity (3-2-1) in the sensor (3-2) is filled with the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) and the FBG (3-2-2) to form the sensor (3-2) after cascading, the FP cavity (3-2-1) filled with the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) detects the change of the magnetic field, and the detection principle is as follows: when the magnetic field changes, the reflectivity of the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) changes, so that the optical path of reflected light changes, the resonance peak of the obtained spectrum curve moves along with the change, and magnetic field measurement is realized according to the movement of the spectrum peak; FBG (3-2-2) measures stable change, and the detection principle is as follows: when the temperature changes, the grating period of the FBG (3-2-2) is changed by thermal expansion, the effective refractive index of the FBG (3-2-2) is changed by a thermo-optical effect, the central reflection wavelength is shifted, namely, the whole spectral curve is shifted but the shape is not changed, and the temperature detection is realized according to the shift amount of the spectral curve.
As shown in fig. 3, for the dual parameter sensing system diagram of the magnetic field and temperature sensor of FP cascade FBG structure provided by the present invention, a sensor (3-2) is fixed on a heating platform (3-1), a liftable platform (3-3) is disposed closely to the right side of the heating platform (3-1), a measurable displacement platform (3-4) and a current source (3-6) are disposed on the liftable platform (3-3), a solenoid (3-5) is disposed on the measurable displacement platform (3-4), the solenoid (3-5) is connected to the current source (3-6) to generate a magnetic field, the position of the solenoid (3-5) is moved on the measurable displacement platform (3-4) to change the magnitude of the magnetic field, and the sensor (3-2) is used to realize the detection of the magnetic field; the heating platform (3-1) is started, the temperature is changed to realize the detection of the temperature, wherein the liftable platform (3-3) is adjusted to enable the central height of the solenoid (3-5) to be equal to the central height of the sensor (3-2).
Claims (3)
1. Magnetic field and temperature sensor based on FP cascades FBG structure, its characterized in that: the device comprises an ASE broadband light source (1), a 3d coupler (2), a double-parameter sensing system (3), refractive index matching gel (4), a spectrum analyzer (5), a demodulation module (6) and a PC (personal computer) (7);
the double-parameter sensing system (3) comprises a heating platform (3-1), a sensor (3-2), a liftable platform (3-3), a measurable displacement platform (3-4), a solenoid (3-5) and a current source (3-6), wherein:
the right side of the heating platform (3-1) is tightly leaned on and placed with a liftable platform (3-3), the liftable platform (3-3) is fixed with a measurable displacement platform (3-4), a solenoid (3-5) is fixed on the measurable displacement platform (3-4), the right side of the measurable displacement platform (3-4) is placed with a current source (3-6), and meanwhile, a sensor (3-2) is fixed above the heating platform (3-1);
the sensor (3-2) is of an optical fiber composite structure formed by cascading an FP cavity (3-2-1) and an FBG (3-2-2), the FP cavity (3-2-1) is filled with a magnetic fluid (3-2-3), and the FBG (3-2-2) is welded on the right side of the FP cavity (3-2-1) to form the sensor (3-2);
the manufacturing process of the sensor (3-2) comprises the steps of manufacturing a bubble micro-cavity of the FP cavity (3-2-1), manufacturing and filling the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) and manufacturing an optical fiber composite structure:
wherein: the production of the bubble micro-cavity of the FP chamber (3-2-1) first prepares a hollow quartz glass tube with an inner diameter of 125 microns and an outer diameter of 145 microns, and a single mode fiber with a fiber core of 10 microns and a cladding of 125 microns, wherein the tail end of the single mode fiber is cut flat and then is welded with one end of a hollow quartz glass tube with two flat cut end surfaces by using an optical fiber welding machine, the other end of the hollow quartz glass tube is connected with a pressure pump, two parts of the single mode fiber and the hollow quartz glass tube are respectively connected with a motor, the pressure of 120kPa is input, and the welded end surface is subjected to multiple discharge by using an electrode, simultaneously, the middle position of the hollow quartz glass tube is pulled towards two sides by a motor, the welding position is uniformly stretched into a thin cone shape, the cone-shaped end surface of the hollow quartz glass tube is slowly rotated, meanwhile, a ruby single crystal fiber laser is used for irradiating the ruby single crystal fiber laser, and a proper pressure intensity is added, so that a uniform bubble micro-cavity is manufactured at one end of the hollow quartz glass tube;
the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) is prepared by Coprecipitating HO (CH) with oxide2CH2O) nH was dissolved in distilled water, left to stand for 4min, and the solution was transferred to a condenser tube, stirrer, and N235ml of 0.160mol/L FeCl are added into a four-necked flask at the inlet in sequence2Solution, 15ml of 0.005% H2O2Stirring the aqueous solution at 50r/min, and adding dropwise 3.0mol/L NaOH aqueous solution to adjust pH of the mixture to 12 while adding N2Under the protection of (3), reacting for 5h at 45 ℃ to finally obtain magnetic fluid (3-2-3);
the filling of the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) aims at one end of the hollow quartz glass tube without a bubble microcavity, no air residue exists in the cavity during filling, and part of liquid at the later filling stage of the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) remains at the edge of the end face of the hollow quartz glass tube and is automatically dried, so that the magnetic fluid is wiped clean by using alcohol for subsequent welding;
the optical fiber composite structure is manufactured by using the hollow quartz glass tube filled with the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) and the FBG (3-2-2) with a section of grid region with the length of 25mm and the central wavelength of 1500nm, and welding the flat end surface of the hollow quartz glass tube filled with the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) with the FBG (3-2-2) by using an optical fiber welding machine to complete the manufacture of the optical fiber composite structure;
the magnetic field and temperature sensor based on the FP cascade FBG structure is further characterized in that:
the ASE broadband light source (1) emits light beams, two light beams are output through the 3d coupler (2), one light beam is incident to the refractive index matching gel (4), the other light beam is incident to the sensor (3-2) of the double-parameter sensing system (3), when a magnetic field changes, the reflectivity of the magnetic fluid (3-2-3) in the wall of the FP cavity (3-2-1) is changed, when the temperature of the heating platform (3-1) changes, the grid period and the effective refractive index of the FBG (3-2-2) change along with the change, reflected light beams pass through the 3d coupler (2), record reflected spectrum information through the spectrum analyzer (5), then enter the demodulation module (6), and enter the PC (7) for data processing after demodulation.
2. The FP cascade FBG structure-based magnetic field and temperature sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the index matching gel (4) is used to eliminate the return of the light beam and prevent it from affecting the reflectance spectrum of the optical fiber analyzed by the spectrum analyzer (5).
3. The FP cascade FBG structure-based magnetic field and temperature sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
when the double-parameter sensing system (3) measures a magnetic field, the sensor (3-2) is fixed on the heating platform (3-1), the height of the lifting platform (3-3) is adjusted to ensure that the central height of the solenoid (3-5) is basically equal to that of the sensor (3-2), the current source (3-6) is connected on the solenoid (3-5) and the current source (3-6) is switched on, the solenoid (3-5) moves from far to near on the measurable displacement platform (3-4) to realize the measurement of the variable magnetic field, when the temperature is measured, the current source (3-6) is closed and the heating platform (3-1) is opened, the sensor (3-2) is fixed above the heating platform (3-1), and the temperature is adjusted to realize the measurement of the temperature.
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