CN114112664A - A constant confining pressure loading experimental device - Google Patents

A constant confining pressure loading experimental device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114112664A
CN114112664A CN202111381229.0A CN202111381229A CN114112664A CN 114112664 A CN114112664 A CN 114112664A CN 202111381229 A CN202111381229 A CN 202111381229A CN 114112664 A CN114112664 A CN 114112664A
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China
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sleeve
confining pressure
experimental device
pressure
rod
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CN202111381229.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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周敬辕
邹选
冉宪文
汤文辉
张昆
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National University of Defense Technology
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0003Steady
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019Compressive
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0075Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a constant confining pressure loading experimental device which comprises a pressure lever, an outer frame, a sleeve, a base and a strain gauge, wherein the outer frame is provided with an upper panel and a lower bottom plate, the sleeve is vertically arranged on the lower bottom plate through the base, the base is provided with a columnar boss which protrudes upwards and is matched with the lower end of the inner side of the sleeve, a through hole is formed in the upper panel, the pressure lever penetrates through the through hole downwards and is matched with the upper end of the inner side of the sleeve, a limiting mechanism used for limiting the pressure lever to move upwards is arranged between the upper panel and the pressure lever, a sample space is arranged between the lower end of the pressure lever and the upper end of the columnar boss when the pressure lever is in a limiting state, and the strain gauge is arranged on the outer surface of the sleeve and corresponds to the sample space. The invention has wide application and good universality, can test the strength and mechanical response of various materials under composite pressure, and can realize quasi-static or dynamic impact on loading compression.

Description

Constant confining pressure loading experimental device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanics experiments, in particular to a constant confining pressure loading experimental device.
Background
In the research of materials, the mechanical properties of the materials are important, and the mechanical response under the dynamic compression condition is a key part of the materials. And when various materials are actually acted, the stress mode of the materials is not only the action of uniaxial pressure, but also the mode of simultaneous action of confining pressure and axial pressure.
The confining pressure device in the prior art mainly aims at large hard materials such as rocks and concrete, mainly adopts single-axis or multi-axis axial compression for small materials, and lacks performance measurement under the state of confining pressure of small-scale materials, also lacks measurement of confining pressure of materials under an impact state, lacks test of a single-axis compression state under a constant confining pressure state, and lacks mechanical measurement under a state of applying complex stress in advance. However, the conventional confining pressure test is generally static compression, and a test method of performing impact compression under the condition of confining pressure is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a constant confining pressure loading experimental device to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a invariable confined pressure loading experimental apparatus, includes depression bar, frame, sleeve, base and foil gage, the frame is equipped with top panel and lower plate, the sleeve passes through the vertical locating of base on the lower plate, the base have make progress protruding and with telescopic inboard lower extreme matched with column boss, be equipped with the via hole on the top panel, the depression bar passes downwards behind the via hole with telescopic inboard upper end cooperatees, the top panel with be equipped with between the depression bar and be used for the restriction depression bar rebound's stop gear, and when the depression bar is in limit state, the lower extreme of depression bar with be equipped with the sample space between the upper end of column boss, the foil gage is located telescopic surface and with the sample space is corresponding.
Further, the limiting mechanism is a fixed limiting mechanism, when the fixed limiting mechanism limits the pressure rod, the height size of the sample space is not adjustable, and the pressure rod is used for providing initial confining pressure for the test piece to fix pre-compression amount.
Furthermore, the fixed limiting mechanism comprises a clamping block arranged on the outer wall of the pressure rod and a clamping groove arranged in the through hole of the upper panel; the joint piece with the joint groove is relative from top to bottom, will the joint piece is followed depression bar downstream and pass the joint groove, later with the joint piece with the joint groove staggers mutually, in order to restrict depression bar upward movement.
Further, the joint piece is a plurality of, and a plurality of joint pieces are even to be located on the depression bar outer wall, the joint groove is a plurality of, just the quantity of joint piece with the quantity in joint groove is unanimous.
Furthermore, the clamping groove is a notch formed in the inner wall of the through hole.
Furthermore, the limiting mechanism is a movable limiting mechanism, when the movable limiting mechanism limits the pressure rod, the height of the sample space is adjustable, and the pressure rod provides initial confining pressure for the test piece, wherein the initial confining pressure can adjust the pre-compression amount.
Further, activity stop gear includes adjusting nut and locates joint piece on the depression bar outer wall, adjusting nut is equipped with the external screw thread, through downthehole internal thread that is equipped with, adjusting nut passes through external screw thread and internal thread are installed in the downthehole, adjusting nut's central point puts and is equipped with the confession the central hole that the depression bar passes through, through adjusting nut makes adjusting nut's lower extreme with the joint piece is inconsistent in order to restrict the depression bar rebound.
Further, the base still includes circular backing plate, the column boss is located the middle part of circular backing plate, just the lower limb of circular backing plate is equipped with the round step, be equipped with the circular port on the lower plate, the circular port with the step cooperation.
Further, the sleeve is made of foam materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention can provide stable confining pressure for the test piece, thereby generating complex stress in the test piece to carry out corresponding loading test, the invention has wide application and good universality, can test the strength and mechanical response of various materials under composite pressure, and the loading compression can be quasi-static or dynamic impact; in addition, the invention has simple structure, is economical and practical, can adjust the size of the adopted components according to the requirements, can read confining pressure data through the strain gauge external circuit, is very visual and is convenient to operate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of a constant confining pressure loading experimental apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the constant confining pressure loading experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the strut of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the base of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of the constant confining pressure loading experimental apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the constant confining pressure loading experiment apparatus shown in FIG. 6 according to the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a pressure lever 1, an adjusting nut 2, an outer frame 3, an upper panel 31, a lower bottom plate 32, a sleeve 4, a base 5, a columnar boss 51, a circular base plate 52, a strain gauge 6, a clamping block 7, a clamping groove 8 and a sample space 9.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-5, the embodiment discloses a constant confining pressure loading experimental apparatus, which includes a pressure lever 1, an outer frame 3, a sleeve 4, a base 5 and a strain gauge 6, wherein the outer frame 31 is provided with an upper panel 31 and a lower panel 32, the sleeve 4 is vertically arranged on the lower panel 32 through the base 5, the base 5 is provided with a cylindrical boss 51 protruding upwards and matched with the lower end of the inner side of the sleeve 4, the upper panel 31 is provided with a via hole, the pressure lever 1 downwardly penetrates through the via hole and then is matched with the upper end of the inner side of the sleeve 4, a limiting mechanism for limiting the upward movement of the pressure lever 1 is arranged between the upper panel 31 and the pressure lever 1, when the pressure lever 1 is in a limiting state, a sample space 9 is arranged between the lower end of the pressure lever 1 and the upper end of the cylindrical boss 51, and the strain gauge 6 is arranged on the outer surface of the sleeve 4 and corresponds to the sample space 9.
Sample space 9 is used for placing the test piece that the height dimension is greater than sample space 9 height, and when the experiment, 1 upper end of depression bar is connected with outside loading device, and the test load passes through depression bar 1 and transmits the test piece, and depression bar 1 carries out axial compression to the test piece, makes the test piece take place radial expansion, because the restraint of sleeve 4, the drum is extruded to the test piece when radial expansion, produces pressure on test piece and drum contact surface, and this pressure is the confined pressure that the test piece received promptly. During the experiment, according to the experimental demand, can carry out the quasi-static compression to depression bar 1, also can carry out the impact compression loading.
In this embodiment, the limiting mechanism is a fixed limiting mechanism, when the fixed limiting mechanism limits the pressure lever 1, the upward movement range of the pressure lever 1 relative to the sleeve 4 is limited, the height dimension of the sample space 9 is not adjustable, and the pressure lever 1 provides the initial confining pressure of the fixed precompression amount to the test piece, that is, the initial confining pressure of the fixed precompression amount.
Specifically, the fixed limiting mechanism comprises a clamping block 7 arranged on the outer wall of the pressure lever 1 and a clamping groove 8 arranged in the through hole of the upper panel 31; when the clamping blocks 7 are opposite to the clamping grooves 8 up and down, the clamping blocks 7 can move upwards or downwards along with the pressing rod 1 and penetrate through the clamping grooves 8, and when the clamping blocks 7 are staggered with the clamping grooves 8 and the clamping blocks 7 are attached below the upper panel 31, the pressing rod 1 is limited to move upwards.
Preferably, joint piece 7 is a plurality of, and is a plurality of joint piece 7 evenly sets up around depression bar 1, and joint groove 8 also is a plurality of, and joint piece 7 is the same with joint groove 8 quantity, and a plurality of joint grooves 8 evenly set up around the via hole.
Preferably, the clamping groove 8 is a notch formed in the inner wall of the through hole.
Specifically, base 5 still includes circular backing plate 52, column boss 51 is located the middle part of circular backing plate 52, just the lower limb of circular backing plate 52 is equipped with the round step, be equipped with the circular port on the lower plate 32, the circular port with the step cooperation can fix a position base 5 simultaneously, and under its positioning action, sleeve 4 passes through 5 vertical settings of base in frame 3, can ensure that sleeve 4 upper end is relative with the via hole, can make things convenient for depression bar 1 to insert sleeve 4.
In this embodiment, the sleeve is made of foam materials, including but not limited to aluminum foam, copper foam or ceramic foam, and the sleeve 4 made of foam materials has a platform pressure in a compressed state, so that the pressure can be maintained unchanged, and the pressure of the platform can be adjusted by controlling the porosity and the diameter of the holes of the foam materials. It should be noted that, when the sleeve 4 is made of a common steel material, the sleeve 4 is in a compressed state under a common confining pressure, and therefore, the constant confining pressure loading experimental device of the present invention can also implement a loading test under a common confining pressure.
Example two
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, other structures of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, except that: the limiting mechanism of this embodiment is a movable limiting mechanism, and when the movable limiting mechanism limits the pressure lever 1, the height of the sample space 9 is adjustable, and the experimental device is used for providing the initial confining pressure of the adjustable precompression amount for the test piece. During the use, depression bar 1 provides adjustable precompression volume to the test piece to reach and provide stable initial confined pressure for the test piece, can adjust the initial confined pressure of precompression volume.
Specifically, activity stop gear include adjusting nut 2 and locate joint piece 7 on the depression bar outer wall, adjusting nut 2 is equipped with the external screw thread, passes through the downthehole internal thread that is equipped with, adjusting nut 2 passes through the external screw thread is installed at the downthehole with the internal thread, and adjusting nut 2's central point puts and is equipped with the central hole that supplies depression bar 1 to pass through, makes adjusting nut 2's lower extreme and joint piece 7 inconsistent in order to restrict depression bar 1 rebound through adjusting nut 2.
This embodiment is when using, and sample space 9 is used for placing the test piece that height dimension is greater than sample space 9 height, and 1 upper ends of depression bar during the experiment are connected with outside loading device, and the test load passes through depression bar 1 and transmits the test piece, and depression bar 1 carries out axial compression to the test piece, makes the test piece take place radial expansion, because the restraint of sleeve 4, and the test piece extrudees the drum when radial expansion, produces pressure on test piece and drum contact surface, and this pressure is the confined pressure that the test piece received promptly. During the experiment, according to the experimental demand, can carry out the quasi-static compression to depression bar 1, also can carry out the impact compression loading.
The invention can adopt a fixed limit structure and a movable limit structure, when the fixed limit structure limits the pressure lever 1, the height dimension of the sample space 9 is not adjustable, and at the moment, the initial confining pressure of the fixed precompression amount is provided for the test piece; when restricting depression bar 1 for activity limit structure, the height dimension of sample space 9 can be adjusted according to the experiment demand, and at this moment, the initial confined pressure of the adjustable precompression volume of test piece is provided to the realization reaches the prestressing force state that provides before carrying out mechanical test.
The constant confining pressure loading experimental device provided by the invention can mainly provide stable confining pressure for a test piece so as to generate complex stress in the test piece to carry out a corresponding loading test, and has the following advantages: the test method has the advantages that the test method is wide in application and good in universality, the strength and mechanical response of various materials under composite pressure can be tested, and the loading compression can be quasi-static or dynamic impact; and simple structure, economical and practical, the part that the device adopted can adjust the size as required, can read confined pressure data through 6 external circuit of foil gage, directly perceived, the operation of being convenient for.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, various changes or modifications may be made by the patentees within the scope of the appended claims, and within the scope of the invention, as long as they do not exceed the scope of the invention described in the claims.

Claims (9)

1.一种恒定围压加载实验装置,其特征在于,包括压杆、外框、套筒、底座和应变片,所述外框设有上面板和下底板,所述套筒通过所述底座竖直的设于所述下底板上,所述底座具有向上凸起并与所述套筒的内侧下端相配合的柱状凸台,所述上面板上设有过孔,所述压杆向下穿过所述过孔后与所述套筒的内侧上端相配合,所述上面板与所述压杆之间设有用于限制所述压杆向上移动的限位机构,且在所述压杆处于限位状态时,所述压杆的下端与所述柱状凸台的上端之间设有试样空间,所述应变片设于所述套筒的外表面且与所述试样空间相对应。1. a constant confining pressure loading experimental device, is characterized in that, comprises compression rod, outer frame, sleeve, base and strain gauge, described outer frame is provided with upper panel and lower bottom plate, and described sleeve passes through described base Vertically arranged on the lower bottom plate, the base has a column-shaped boss that protrudes upward and is matched with the inner lower end of the sleeve, the upper plate is provided with a through hole, and the pressing rod is downward After passing through the through hole, it is matched with the inner upper end of the sleeve. A limiting mechanism for restricting the upward movement of the pressing rod is arranged between the upper panel and the pressing rod, and the pressing rod In the limiting state, a sample space is provided between the lower end of the pressing rod and the upper end of the cylindrical boss, and the strain gauge is arranged on the outer surface of the sleeve and corresponds to the sample space . 2.根据权利要求1所述的恒定围压加载实验装置,其特征在于,所述限位机构为固定限位机构,在所述固定限位结构将压杆进行限位时,所述试样空间的高度尺寸不可调,所述压杆用于提供给试件固定预压缩量的初始围压。2 . The constant confining pressure loading experimental device according to claim 1 , wherein the limit mechanism is a fixed limit mechanism, and when the fixed limit structure limits the pressure rod, the sample The height dimension of the space is not adjustable, and the pressing rod is used to provide the initial confining pressure with a fixed pre-compression amount to the test piece. 3.根据权利要求2所述的恒定围压加载实验装置,其特征在于,所述固定限位机构包括设于所述压杆外壁上的卡接块,以及设于所述上面板的过孔内的卡接槽;在所述卡接块与所述卡接槽上下相对时,将所述卡接块随所述压杆向下移动并穿过所述卡接槽,随后将所述卡接块与所述卡接槽相错开,以限制所述压杆向上运动。3 . The constant confining pressure loading experimental device according to claim 2 , wherein the fixed limit mechanism comprises a clamping block arranged on the outer wall of the pressure rod, and a via hole arranged on the upper panel. 4 . When the snap block is opposite to the snap slot, move the snap block down with the pressure rod and pass through the snap slot, and then move the snap block down. The connecting block is staggered from the engaging groove, so as to limit the upward movement of the pressing rod. 4.根据权利要求3所述的恒定围压加载实验装置,其特征在于,所述卡接块为多个,多个卡接块均匀的设于所述压杆外壁上,所述卡接槽为多个,且所述卡接块的数量与所述卡接槽的数量一致。4 . The constant confining pressure loading experimental device according to claim 3 , wherein the number of said clamping blocks is multiple, and a plurality of clamping blocks are evenly arranged on the outer wall of the pressure rod, and the clamping grooves There are more than one, and the number of the clamping blocks is consistent with the number of the clamping grooves. 5.根据权利要求3所述的恒定围压加载实验装置,其特征在于,所述卡接槽为设于所述过孔内壁上的缺口。5 . The constant confining pressure loading experimental device according to claim 3 , wherein the snap-fit groove is a notch provided on the inner wall of the via hole. 6 . 6.根据权利要求1所述的恒定围压加载实验装置,其特征在于,所述限位机构为活动限位机构,所述活动限位机构在将压杆进行限位时,所述试样空间的高度尺寸可调,该实验装置用于提供给试件可调预压缩量的初始围压。6 . The constant confining pressure loading experimental device according to claim 1 , wherein the limit mechanism is a movable limit mechanism, and when the movable limit mechanism limits the pressure rod, the sample The height of the space is adjustable, and the experimental device is used to provide the initial confining pressure with the adjustable pre-compression amount of the test piece. 7.根据权利要求6所述的恒定围压加载实验装置,其特征在于,所述活动限位机构包括调节螺母和设于所述压杆外壁上的卡接块,所述调节螺母设有外螺纹,所述过孔内设有内螺纹,所述调节螺母通过所述外螺纹与内螺纹安装在所述过孔内,所述调节螺母的中心位置设有供所述压杆通过的中心孔洞,通过调节所述调节螺母使调节螺母的下端与所述卡接块相抵触以限制所述压杆向上移动。7 . The constant confining pressure loading experiment device according to claim 6 , wherein the movable limit mechanism comprises an adjusting nut and a clamping block arranged on the outer wall of the pressure rod, and the adjusting nut is provided with an outer wall. 8 . The via hole is provided with an internal thread, the adjusting nut is installed in the via hole through the external thread and the internal thread, and the center of the adjusting nut is provided with a central hole for the pressure rod to pass through. , by adjusting the adjusting nut so that the lower end of the adjusting nut is in conflict with the clamping block to restrict the upward movement of the pressing rod. 8.根据权利要求1所述的恒定围压加载实验装置,其特征在于,所述底座还包括圆形垫板,所述柱状凸台设于所述圆形垫板的中部,且所述圆形垫板的下边缘设有一圈台阶,所述下底板上设有圆形孔,所述圆形孔与所述台阶配合。8 . The constant confining pressure loading experimental device according to claim 1 , wherein the base further comprises a circular backing plate, the cylindrical boss is arranged in the middle of the circular backing plate, and the circular backing plate is arranged in the middle. 9 . The lower edge of the shaped backing plate is provided with a circle of steps, the lower bottom plate is provided with a circular hole, and the circular hole is matched with the step. 9.根据权利要求1-8任意一项所述的恒定围压加载实验装置,其特征在于,所述套筒为泡沫类材质。9 . The constant confining pressure loading experimental device according to claim 1 , wherein the sleeve is made of foam material. 10 .
CN202111381229.0A 2021-11-20 2021-11-20 A constant confining pressure loading experimental device Pending CN114112664A (en)

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