CN114097493A - Over-summer cooling method for sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents
Over-summer cooling method for sunlight greenhouse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114097493A CN114097493A CN202111225762.8A CN202111225762A CN114097493A CN 114097493 A CN114097493 A CN 114097493A CN 202111225762 A CN202111225762 A CN 202111225762A CN 114097493 A CN114097493 A CN 114097493A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- sunlight greenhouse
- over
- summer
- paper film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000003953 Solanum lycopersicum var cerasiforme Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000003040 Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 34
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 33
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 17
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VAYOSLLFUXYJDT-RDTXWAMCSA-N Lysergic acid diethylamide Chemical compound C1=CC(C=2[C@H](N(C)C[C@@H](C=2)C(=O)N(CC)CC)C2)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 VAYOSLLFUXYJDT-RDTXWAMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219995 Wisteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001543 one-way ANOVA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015378 stomatal closure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A sunlight greenhouse cooling method over summer comprises the steps of paper film cooling, wherein the paper film cooling is specifically realized by ridging in the sunlight greenhouse, crops are fixedly planted on the ridge surfaces, the ridge surfaces are covered with paper films, and the light transmittance of the paper films is 10% -13%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of over-summer agricultural facilities, in particular to a method for cooling a sunlight greenhouse over summer.
Background
The tomatoes are one of the crops with the largest planting area of facility vegetables in China, and the over-summer cultivation of the tomatoes is mainly carried out in a sunlight greenhouse and an arched shed. In summer in the north, due to the plastic greenhouse film, high temperature of more than 40 ℃ often appears in the greenhouse, and the temperature of the proper photosynthesis of the tomatoes is 24-34 ℃. Continuous high temperature will result in increased transpiration rate of tomato leaves, closed pores, insufficient carbon dioxide supply, thereby affecting carbon assimilation and various enzyme activities. Therefore, it is a hot spot to research the over-summer temperature reduction measures of the sunlight greenhouse and guarantee the over-summer annual production of the greenhouse.
The existing greenhouse cooling technology mainly comprises ventilation, sun shading, evaporative cooling and composite cooling systems. In actual production, the measures of independently adopting natural ventilation cooling are easily influenced by external climate, are difficult to control manually and have unsatisfactory cooling effect; although the wet curtain-fan cooling system has good cooling effect, the operation energy consumption is high, and the cooling effect is influenced by the distance between the fan and the wet curtain. The effect of strong light on vegetables can be weakened through sunshade and cooling, but the illumination intensity can be reduced while sunshade and cooling are carried out, the effective illumination time is shortened, and the growth and the photosynthesis of the vegetables are influenced. In recent years, the cooling mode of arranging the sunshade net above the greenhouse and combining the sunshade net with spraying has the advantages of low cost and obvious cooling effect, and is increasingly used for cooling the greenhouse in summer. The atomization is combined with the sun-shading cooling measure to cool the greenhouse mainly by the evaporation cooling heat absorption of water, and the cooling measure is more suitable for northern areas with higher environmental temperature, lower relative humidity and higher sunshine intensity.
In conclusion, most of the current researches on temperature control in the facility focus on the control of the temperature of the canopy of crops in the facility, and the researches on temperature reduction measures of the root zone of the crops are less.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method for reducing the temperature of the root zone of the crop over summer in the sunlight greenhouse.
A method for cooling a sunlight greenhouse over summer comprises the steps of cooling a paper film, wherein the paper film cooling specifically comprises the following steps:
ridging in a sunlight greenhouse, planting crops on the ridge surface, and covering a paper film on the ridge surface, wherein the light transmittance of the paper film is 10% -13%.
Preferably, the paper film is arranged above the root of the crop and below the canopy.
Preferably, the paper film is a biodegradable paper film, the width of the paper film is 0.8m, the thickness of the paper film is 0.12 +/-0.02 mm, and the basis weight of the paper film is 80g/m2。
Preferably, the over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse further comprises atomization cooling, wherein the atomization cooling specifically comprises the following steps:
a plurality of atomization cooling machines are distributed in the sunlight greenhouse and sprayed into the sunlight greenhouse through the atomization cooling machines.
Preferably, the atomization cooling machine can swing left and right, and the swing angle of the atomization cooling machine is 75 degrees.
Preferably, the atomization cooling machines are at least provided with 4 atomization cooling machines, every two adjacent atomization cooling machines are arranged at an interval of 10m, and the height of each atomization cooling machine from the ridge surface is 4 m.
Preferably, the atomizing and cooling machine operates according to a time control design, wherein the time control design is operated for 12 minutes at an interval of 60 minutes in the morning, 8 minutes at an interval of 20 minutes in the noon and 12 minutes at an interval of 20 minutes in the afternoon.
Preferably, the over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse further comprises sun shading and cooling, wherein the sun shading and cooling specifically comprises the following steps:
and in a preset time period, a plurality of inner sunshades are arranged in the sunlight greenhouse, the length of each inner sunshade is 9m, the width of each inner sunshade is 6m, and every two adjacent inner sunshades are arranged at a distance of 6 m.
Preferably, the predetermined time period is 11 am to 16 pm on a fine day.
Preferably, the crop is Jinfei or millennium cherry tomato.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the paper film is adopted to replace the traditional PE mulching film so as to reduce the temperature of the root area of the crop, thereby not only meeting the requirement of the proper growth illumination of the root of the crop, but also meeting the requirement of the proper growth temperature of the root of the crop.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the over-summer cooling system of the sunlight greenhouse.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the over-summer cooling system of the sunlight greenhouse.
FIG. 3 shows the air temperature, humidity, illumination intensity and substrate temperature changes in a typical high-temperature day.
FIG. 4 influence of different treatments on plant height and stem volume relative growth rate.
Figure 5 effect of different treatments on total biomass/yield.
Figure 6 effect of different treatments on tomato quality.
In the figure: the greenhouse comprises a sunlight greenhouse 10, a paper film 20, an atomizing cooling machine 30, an inner sunshade 40, ridges 50 and crops 60.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
The over-summer cooling method of the sunlight greenhouse is realized by attaching to an over-summer cooling system of the sunlight greenhouse, and the over-summer cooling system of the sunlight greenhouse comprises the sunlight greenhouse 10, a paper film 20, an atomizing cooling machine 30 and an inner sunshade 40.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cooling a sunlight greenhouse over summer, including cooling a paper film 20, where the cooling of the paper film 20 specifically includes:
ridging 50 in the sunlight greenhouse 10, planting crops 60 on the surface of the ridge 50, covering the surface of the ridge 50 with a paper film 20, wherein the light transmittance of the paper film 20 is 10% -13%.
As is well known, PE mulch covers the roots of crops 60, which are typically used for heat and moisture preservation, and thus, PE mulch is light permeable and air impermeable. The invention innovatively adopts the paper film 20 to replace the PE mulching film, the paper film 20 has air permeability, and the light transmittance of the paper film 20 is 10-13%.
The paper film 20 has low light transmittance, can reduce the direct sunlight irradiating root, the paper film 20 can be permeable, the moist heat gas at the root can penetrate through the paper film 20, so as to dissipate the heat at the root, the paper film 20 and the atomization cooling machine 30 are combined to have better cooling effect, on one hand, the rising high-temperature moist heat air meets the spray, the high-temperature moist heat air can be cooled, the high-temperature moist heat air is cooled and then descends to the position of the paper film 20, the cooled high-temperature moist heat air becomes atomized micro-droplets, the atomized micro-droplets infiltrate the paper film 20 and permeate the paper film 20, because the temperature of the root space of the crop 60 at the lower part of the paper film 20 is high, the atomized micro-droplets are gasified again and are converted into the high-temperature moist heat air again, the heat in the root space of the crop 60 at the lower part of the paper film 20 is taken out through the paper film 20, the rising high-temperature moist heat air meets the spray again, and the proper temperature of the root of the crop 60 is maintained through the circulation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the paper film 20 is adopted to replace the traditional PE mulching film to reduce the temperature of the root zone of the crop 60, so that the requirement of the proper growth illumination of the root of the crop 60 can be met, and the requirement of the proper growth temperature of the root of the crop 60 can be met.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, further, a paper film 20 is provided below the canopy above the root of the crop 60.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, further, the paper film 20 is a biodegradable paper film 20, the width of the paper film 20 is 0.8m, the thickness of the paper film 20 is 0.12 ± 0.02mm, and the basis weight of the paper film 20 is 80g/m2。
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, further, the over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse further includes atomization cooling, and the atomization cooling specifically includes:
a plurality of atomizing cooling machines 30 are arranged in the sunlight greenhouse 10, and the atomizing cooling machines 30 spray into the sunlight greenhouse 10.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, further, the atomizing cooler 30 can swing left and right, and the swing angle of the atomizing cooler 30 is 75 °.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, further, at least 4 atomizing cooling machines 30 are provided, two adjacent atomizing cooling machines 30 are arranged at an interval of 10m, and the height of the atomizing cooling machine 30 from the surface of the ridge 50 is 4 m.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, further, the atomizing and cooling machine 30 operates according to a time-controlled design, which operates for 12 minutes at 60-minute intervals in the morning, 8 minutes at 20-minute intervals in the noon, and 12 minutes at 20-minute intervals in the afternoon. For example, the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse 10 can be collected, and the atomizing temperature-reducing machine 30 can be controlled to operate according to the above time-controlled design according to the collected temperature value.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, further, the method for cooling the sunlight greenhouse over summer further comprises the steps of shading and cooling, wherein the shading and cooling specifically comprises the following steps:
a plurality of inner sunshades 40 are installed in the sunlight greenhouse 10 at predetermined time intervals, the length of each inner sunshade 40 is 9m, the width of each inner sunshade 40 is 6m, and every two adjacent inner sunshades 40 are arranged at a distance of 6 m.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, further, the predetermined period of time is 11 am to 16 pm on a sunny day. For example, weather conditions may be determined by the illuminance.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, further, crop 60 is a golden imperial concubine or millennium cherry tomato.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
1. Materials and methods
1.1 test greenhouse
The trial was conducted in greenhouse No. F14 of Wuzhou national agricultural technology park, Ningxia (37.6 'N, 106.3' E). Belongs to the arid and semi-arid climates in the middle temperature zone, the annual average temperature is 23.4 ℃, the annual average precipitation is about 295mm, the evaporation capacity reaches 2200-3000 mm, and the frost-free period is 152 d; the temperature is more than or equal to 10 ℃, the effective accumulated temperature is 2987.9 ℃, and the sunshine lasts about 2870 h. The greenhouse is arranged in the north and south directions, runs from east to west, and is provided with a picking and transporting track on the ground. The greenhouse is 85m long, the span is 13.5m, the ridge is 7m high, and the width of the upper and lower air vents is 1.1 m.
1.2 design of the experiment
The test is carried out in 6-8 months in 2020, and the cherry tomato variety is Jinfei and millennium (provided by Ningxia Wuzhong Dong agriculture science and technology promotion Co., Ltd.). The medium is cultivated in the east-west direction, the plant spacing is 25cm, the row spacing is 1.4m, the planting density is 2800 plants/mu, drip irrigation is adopted, all treatments are unified in water and fertilizer management, and the specific test design is shown in table 1. In order to avoid the influence among the treatments, the greenhouse is isolated by adopting a transparent PE plate, the east side of the greenhouse is a test area, and the west side of the greenhouse is a control area. 4 atomization cooling machines 30 are installed in the test area (the atomization cooling machines 30 are purchased from Guangzhou Jie high-ventilation equipment factories), the arrangement interval is 10m, the arrangement height is 4m, the power is 750W, the water consumption is 6L/h, the test area can swing left and right, and the swing angle is 75 degrees. An intermittent inner sunshade 40 made of an aluminum foil net material is arranged above the atomizing cooling machine 30, the length of the inner sunshade 40 is 9m, the width of the inner sunshade is 6m, and the arrangement interval is 6 m. The inner sunshade 40 system is used in sunny days 11: and starting at the high temperature of 00-16: 00. The atomization cooling machine 30 carries out time control design according to the early-stage research result of the subject group, and operates for 12min at an interval of 60min in the morning; operating at noon interval of 20min for 8 min; the afternoon time interval is 20min, and the operation time is 12 min. Meanwhile, the test area is covered by a biodegradable paper film 20, the biodegradable paper film 20 is provided by Beijing purple light Strength company, the width is 0.8m, the unit weight is 80 g/square meter, the thickness is 0.12 +/-0.02 mm, the light transmittance is between 10 and 13 percent, and the main components are cellulose and lignin which can be naturally degraded. And (4) covering the contrast area by adopting a silver gray PE mulching film according to the traditional planting and the conventional external sunshade.
Table 1 test treatment
| Treatment of | Atomization cooling | Sunshade net | Covering material |
| Golden imperial concubine treatment | Point distribution type atomizing cooling | Intermittent |
|
| Jinfei control | Is free of | Conventional external sunshade | Silver gray PE mulching film |
| Millennium treatment | Point distribution type atomizing cooling | Intermittent |
|
| Millennium control | Is free of | Conventional external sunshade | Silver gray PE mulching film |
1.3 index measurement and method
1.3.1 environmental index
ZigWSN type environmental monitoring sensors (purchased from Beijing wisteria technologies, Inc.) are respectively installed at the height of 2.5m between the test area and the control area and used for measuring the air temperature, humidity and illumination intensity. Outdoor environment indexes are collected by a mobile weather station (PC-3, California sunshine weather technology Co., Ltd.), the weather station is arranged at the position 2.5m higher than the southeast corner of the test greenhouse, and collected parameters comprise air temperature, humidity and illumination intensity; the soil temperature and humidity recorder of Shanghai Shangqiu QM-ZC-16 type and matched data acquisition center software are adopted to continuously measure in the test period, the root system centralized distribution layer is embedded in the matrix temperature and humidity sensor with the depth of 15 cm-20 cm, all data are automatically recorded once every 30min, and environmental index data of 8 months, 2 days, 12 days and 26 days are taken for analysis.
1.3.2 tomato growth index determination
Taking 5 representative plants for each treatment, and measuring the plant height and stem thickness of the tomato in 8 months and 1 day, 8 months and 15 days and 8 months and 29 days; the plant height is the vertical distance from the base of the tomato to a growing point, and is measured by a tape measure; the thickness of the stem was measured with a vernier caliper at a thickness of 1cm from the base. The leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO were measured by LI-6800 portable photosynthesizer (LI-COR, USA) during full bearing period2Concentration (Ci). The relative growth rates of plant height and stem thickness are calculated by referring to the following formulas.
RGR-PH＝(ln(h2)-ln(h1))/(t2-t1)
RGR-SV＝(ln(d2d2h2)-ln(d1d1h1))/(t2-t1)
Wherein h is1、h2Representative plant height, d1、d2Represents the diameter of the stem, t1、t2Representing time.
1.3.2 tomato quality and Biomass determination
In the specific time of the full-bearing period, the quality of the tomatoes is determined for each 5 representative fruits with consistent maturity, and the Vc content is determined by a molybdenum blue colorimetric method; the content of soluble sugar is measured by adopting an anthrone colorimetric method; measuring the content of the organic acid by an acid-base neutralization transfer method; the content of soluble solid is measured by a TD-45 digital refractometer. And (4) measuring the dry fresh weight of the underground part on the ground in each treatment after the harvesting, and calculating the total biomass.
1.4 data processing
Excel 2016 and SPSS 25 were used for data processing, mean values were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and Origin 2018 was used for the mapping software.
2 analysis of results
2.1 Effect of different treatments on greenhouse substrates and air environmental indices
FIG. 3a is a diagram showing the daily variation of the air temperature, humidity, illumination intensity and substrate temperature in a typical high-temperature day, and it can be seen from FIG. 3a that the same daily variation trend exists in the outdoor, treated and compared air temperatures, the maximum temperatures are 33.20 deg.C, 34.92 deg.C and 39.27 deg.C, respectively, and the indoor temperature of the external sun-shading and sunlight greenhouse over-the-summer cooling system is kept within 35 deg.C; compared with the contrast, the cooling effect of the over-summer cooling system of the sunlight greenhouse is more obvious, the average air temperature is reduced by 3.67 ℃, and the maximum air temperature is reduced by 4.35 ℃.
As can be seen from fig. 3b, the air humidity and the air temperature have opposite daily trends, and the treated air humidity is higher than the control air humidity and the outdoor air humidity, and the average of the treated air humidity is increased by 9.92% and 12.45% compared with the control air humidity and the outdoor air humidity, and the maximum increased air humidity is 24.82% and 24.38%.
As can be seen from FIG. 3c, the maximum temperatures of the treated, control and outdoor substrates were 27.16 deg.C, 30.79 deg.C and 28.90 deg.C, respectively. The temperature of the matrix of the treatment shed is always lower than that of the control shed, the average temperature of the treatment shed is reduced by 1.53 ℃ compared with the control shed, and the maximum temperature of the treatment shed is reduced by 3.96 ℃. After 16:30, the treatment booth substrate temperature began to drop as the air temperature decreased, while the control booth substrate temperature continued to rise and exceeded 30 ℃.
The illumination intensity is one of key factors influencing the temperature change in the greenhouse, as shown in figure 3d, the illumination intensity is in the range of 10: 30-16: 30 from strong to weak, the outdoor illumination intensity is 58171-60209 Lx, the treatment illumination intensity is 12012-48764 Lx, a sunlight greenhouse over-summer cooling system is adopted, the illumination intensity is 21123.76Lx lower than the outdoor illumination on average and is 11709.62Lx lower than the conventional external shading (contrast) illumination intensity.
2.2 Effect of different treatments on tomato plant height and Stem volume relative growth Rate
As shown in FIG. 4, the plant height and stem thickness were both faster at the beginning of 8 months, the second at the end of 8 months, and the slowest in 8 months. The relative growth rate of the plant height of the treatment shed and the control shed is not obviously different, and the relative growth rate of the plant height of the treatment shed is obviously higher than that of the control shed in 8 months; the control canopy had significantly higher relative growth rates of stem volume at the beginning of 8 months and at the end of 8 months than the treatment canopy, while the control canopy had significantly lower relative growth rates of stem volume during 8 months than the treatment canopy.
2.3 Effect of different treatments on the photosynthetic Properties of tomato
As can be seen from table 2, the over-summer cooling system of the solar greenhouse is beneficial to the photosynthesis of the Jinfei and the millennium tomatoes, which significantly improves the net photosynthetic rate and the air pore conductance of the Jinfei and the millennium cherry tomatoes and reduces the transpiration rate of the Jinfei and the millennium cherry tomatoes; compared with the control, the net photosynthetic rates of the Jinfei and the millennium tomatoes are respectively improved by 71.68 percent and 32.43 percent, the carbon dioxide between the cells is obviously increased by the Jinfei treatment, and the transpiration rates are respectively obviously reduced by 29.61 percent and 119.86 percent by the Jinfei and the millennium treatment.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on tomato photosynthetic index
2.4 Effect of different treatments on tomato Biomass and yield
As can be seen from fig. 5, the total biomass of the jin fei and the millennium cherry tomatoes has no significant difference between the treatment and the control, but the millennium total biomass of the treatment group is significantly higher than that of the jin fei control group, which indicates that the millennium tomatoes are more suitable for being cultivated over summer; the single plant yield of the millennium and the Jinfei is obviously different, the single plant yield of the millennium is obviously higher than that of the Jinfei, and the single plant yield of the Jinfei and the millennium are obviously increased by 23.63 percent and 12.25 percent respectively compared with the control, which shows that the influence of environmental regulation on the yield of the Jinfei is more than the millennium.
2.5 Effect of different treatments on tomato quality
As can be seen from fig. 6, under the same treatment, there is no significant difference between the Jinfei and the millennium organic acid and the vitamin C, the soluble solid and soluble sugar contents of the Jinfei are significantly higher than the millennium, and the quality of the Jinfei is affected by the environmental regulation more than the millennium; compared with a single external sun-shading system, the Jinfei and millennium organic acids, vitamin C, soluble solids and soluble sugar under the composite cooling system are respectively and obviously increased by 14.36%, 42.82%, 11.84%, 21.56% and 34.05%, 33.29%, 14.06% and 23.15%.
In conclusion, in the tomato growth and development process, the warm-light environment is a key factor influencing the photosynthesis and fruit quality of the tomatoes, and the high temperature and strong light are main limiting factors of tomato production in summer facilities. In the application, the over-summer cooling system of the sunlight greenhouse effectively reduces the air temperature of the greenhouse by 3.67 ℃ and the substrate temperature by 1.53 ℃, ensures that the air temperature in the greenhouse is below 35 ℃ and within 28 ℃ in a high-temperature period, and meets the requirement of the tomato on the appropriate growth temperature; on one hand, the solar radiation is the main source of greenhouse heat, partial heat is captured on the sunshade net through the intermittent inner sunshade 40 in a high-temperature period, and the rest heat is taken away through water mist generated by atomization to evaporate and absorb heat, so that the effect of cooling greenhouse air is achieved. On the other hand, the specific biodegradability of the biodegradable paper film 20 in the over-summer cooling system of the sunlight greenhouse can timely dissipate the heat in the matrix along with the change of the environmental temperature, so that the lower soil temperature is kept. Temperature is the most important factor affecting dry matter production and distribution, and further affects the strength of the plant organs, and proper temperature has important influence on crop 60 biomass and yield. The over-summer cooling system of the sunlight greenhouse has a consistent effect on the photosynthesis characteristics and the growth characteristics of the Jinfei and millennium cherry tomatoes, but the effect on the Jinfei is greater than that of millennium varieties, particularly the vitamin C and the net photosynthesis rate. This is mainly because moisture is one of the essential substances for plant growth and metabolism, and the content of moisture inevitably affects the transmission of photosynthetic electrons, thereby affecting photosynthetic efficiency; the Jinfei tomato variety is greatly influenced by water stress, and compared with the transpiration rate increase caused by high-temperature strong light in a greenhouse, the Jinfei tomato is subjected to water stress; the over-summer cooling system of the sunlight greenhouse provides good moisture conditions for the Jinfei tomatoes, and the vitamin C and net photosynthetic rate of the Jinfei tomatoes are improved. Photosynthesis is the basis of plant biomass and yield, the common characteristic of plant response to environmental stress is that net photosynthetic rate of leaves is reduced, in the application, the lower net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) of contrast treatment are mainly because the change of Ci is related to stomatal behavior, and the control treatment of strong light and high temperature in the greenhouse causes the stomatal closure of the leaves of the tomato; the over-summer cooling system of the sunlight greenhouse has proper greenhouse temperature and light conditions, the air hole conductivity is increased, the intercellular oxidation supply and the net photosynthetic rate are improved, and the yield and the total biomass of the tomatoes are further improved. The warm light environment is a key factor influencing the photosynthesis and the fruit quality of the tomatoes, and the proper warm light condition of the sunlight greenhouse under the over-summer cooling system provides favorable conditions for improving the quality of the tomatoes, so that the contents of organic acids, vitamin C, soluble solid matters and soluble sugar of the tomatoes are obviously improved.
The experimental research results show that the overtaking cooling system of the sunlight greenhouse has consistent performance characteristics on different tomato varieties, but has different effects and has more influence on golden imperial concubine varieties than millennium varieties. The compound system can effectively reduce the temperature of the crown and root regions of the Jinfei and millennium cherry tomatoes, provides a proper temperature and light environment condition for the growth of the tomatoes, increases the net photosynthetic rate and intercellular carbon dioxide, influences the relation of tomato sources, and improves the yield and the quality. Provides technical support for the over-summer high-quality annual production of cherry tomatoes in northern areas.
The steps in the method of the embodiment of the invention can be sequentially adjusted, combined and deleted according to actual needs.
The modules or units in the device of the embodiment of the invention can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reducing temperature of a sunlight greenhouse over summer is characterized by comprising the following steps: including the paper membrane cooling, the paper membrane cooling specifically is:
ridging in a sunlight greenhouse, planting crops on the ridge surface, and covering a paper film on the ridge surface, wherein the light transmittance of the paper film is 10% -13%.
2. The over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse of claim 1, characterized in that: the paper film is arranged above the root of the crop and below the canopy.
3. The over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse of claim 1, characterized in that: the paper film is a biodegradable paper film, the width of the paper film is 0.8m, the thickness of the paper film is 0.12 +/-0.02 mm, and the basis weight of the paper film is 80g/m2。
4. The over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse of claim 1, characterized in that: the over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse further comprises atomization cooling, wherein the atomization cooling specifically comprises the following steps:
a plurality of atomization cooling machines are distributed in the sunlight greenhouse and sprayed into the sunlight greenhouse through the atomization cooling machines.
5. The over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse of claim 4, characterized in that: but atomizing cooling machine horizontal hunting, atomizing cooling machine's swing angle is 75.
6. The over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse of claim 4, characterized in that: the atomizing cooling machine is provided with at least 4 atomizing cooling machines, two adjacent atomizing cooling machines are arranged at an interval of 10m, and the height of each atomizing cooling machine from the ridge surface is 4 m.
7. The over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse of claim 4, characterized in that: the atomizing cooling machine operates according to a time control design, wherein the time control design is that the atomizing cooling machine operates for 12 minutes at an interval of 60 minutes in the morning, operates for 8 minutes at an interval of 20 minutes in the noon, and operates for 12 minutes at an interval of 20 minutes in the afternoon.
8. The over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse of claim 1, characterized in that: the over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse further comprises the steps of shading and cooling, wherein the shading and cooling specifically comprises the following steps:
and in a preset time period, a plurality of inner sunshades are arranged in the sunlight greenhouse, the length of each inner sunshade is 9m, the width of each inner sunshade is 6m, and every two adjacent inner sunshades are arranged at a distance of 6 m.
9. The over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse of claim 8, characterized in that: the predetermined time period is 11 am to 16 pm on a sunny day.
10. The over-summer cooling method for the sunlight greenhouse of claim 1, characterized in that: the crop is Jinfei or millennium cherry tomato.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111225762.8A CN114097493A (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Over-summer cooling method for sunlight greenhouse |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111225762.8A CN114097493A (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Over-summer cooling method for sunlight greenhouse |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114097493A true CN114097493A (en) | 2022-03-01 |
Family
ID=80376463
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111225762.8A Pending CN114097493A (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Over-summer cooling method for sunlight greenhouse |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114097493A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102726264A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-10-17 | 姚宏亮 | Mechanically-mulching cultivation method of organic rice |
| CN104542223A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 张小兵 | Full-illumination soilless cuttage propagation technique |
| CN104957018A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-10-07 | 厦门谷草农业科技有限公司 | Greenhouse planting method of dendrobium officinale |
| CN106472189A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-08 | 宁夏大学 | Biofluid mulch film and its production method for industrialized agriculture Long summer cultivation |
| CN106489630A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-15 | 宁夏大学 | Degradable biological base fluid body plastic film for agricultural use and its production method |
| CN111264260A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-12 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Biodegradable plastic film mulching planting method |
| CN111357584A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-03 | 邵阳市农业科学研究院 | Early-maturing efficient cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables |
-
2021
- 2021-10-21 CN CN202111225762.8A patent/CN114097493A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102726264A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-10-17 | 姚宏亮 | Mechanically-mulching cultivation method of organic rice |
| CN104542223A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 张小兵 | Full-illumination soilless cuttage propagation technique |
| CN104957018A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-10-07 | 厦门谷草农业科技有限公司 | Greenhouse planting method of dendrobium officinale |
| CN106472189A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-08 | 宁夏大学 | Biofluid mulch film and its production method for industrialized agriculture Long summer cultivation |
| CN106489630A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-15 | 宁夏大学 | Degradable biological base fluid body plastic film for agricultural use and its production method |
| CN111264260A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-12 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Biodegradable plastic film mulching planting method |
| CN111357584A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-03 | 邵阳市农业科学研究院 | Early-maturing efficient cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘慧超等: "蔬菜塑料大棚栽培技术原理和关键技术控制", 《中国园艺文摘》 * |
| 朱志方: "《塑料棚温室种菜新技术 第3版》", 31 January 2014, 金盾出版社 * |
| 游诗尧: "新型生物基/纸膜对番茄生长、生理和土壤理化性质的影响研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库农业科技辑》 * |
| 王鹤冰等: "重庆地区"燕青"黄瓜反季节栽培技术要点", 《南方农业》 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Aroca-Delgado et al. | Morphology, yield and quality of greenhouse tomato cultivation with flexible photovoltaic rooftop panels (Almería-Spain) | |
| Akpenpuun et al. | Effect of glazing configuration as an energy-saving strategy in naturally ventilated greenhouses for strawberry (Seolhyang sp.) cultivation | |
| Zhang et al. | Dynamics of shaded areas in a typical-shaped solar greenhouse and their effects on tomato growth—A case study in winter | |
| CN111109021B (en) | Method for promoting growth of tomatoes in flower and fruit period and application of method in plant factory | |
| CN117474704A (en) | Estimation method for day-night growth difference and yield of corn | |
| CN114642159B (en) | Facility crop irrigation quota calculation method and system | |
| CN114097493A (en) | Over-summer cooling method for sunlight greenhouse | |
| CN111183846A (en) | Regulation and control method for improving sugar content of southern facility grape fruits | |
| Bailey | Natural and mechanical greenhouse climate control | |
| Nie et al. | Effects of pruning intensity on jujube transpiration and soil moisture of plantation in the Loess Plateau | |
| LI et al. | Changes in and influencing factors of crop coefficient of winter wheat during the past 40 years on the Taihang Piedmont Plain | |
| Abbouda et al. | Effect of using double layers of polyethylene cover with air gap on control environment inside greenhouses | |
| Liu et al. | Estimation of banana (Musa sp.) plant transpiration using a standard 20 cm pan in a greenhouse | |
| RU2682749C1 (en) | Greenhouse | |
| CN105432401A (en) | Drought preventing method for tea garden | |
| US4327521A (en) | System for increasing the growth potential of hedge-row cultured perennial crop plants | |
| CN111567304A (en) | Method for effectively improving survival rate of blueberry in waterlogged water | |
| Jiankun et al. | Response of greenhouse crop ecophysiology, water consumption and yield to ventilation environment regulation | |
| CN105432418A (en) | Temperature-controlling frost-preventing anti-freezing grape planting method achieved through greenhouse double-layer film | |
| Durmanov et al. | Application of electrical technologies to increase the productivity of cucumber in protected ground structures | |
| Ghosal | Studies on environmental control of greenhouse for crop production | |
| CN219644651U (en) | Greenhouse control equipment | |
| Gupta et al. | Chapter-9 Controlled Condition for Crop Production: Greenhouse | |
| Al-Helal et al. | A study of evaporative cooling pad performance for a photovoltaic powered greenhouse | |
| Abdellatif et al. | A COMPARTIVE STUDY ON TWO DIFFERENT EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS FOR PRODUCTING CUCUMBER CROP UNDER HOT-HUMID SUMMER CONDITIONS |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20220301 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |