CN114074025B - Comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings - Google Patents
Comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings Download PDFInfo
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- CN114074025B CN114074025B CN202210056694.5A CN202210056694A CN114074025B CN 114074025 B CN114074025 B CN 114074025B CN 202210056694 A CN202210056694 A CN 202210056694A CN 114074025 B CN114074025 B CN 114074025B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings, and belongs to the technical field of iron tailing beneficiation. Carrying out coarse, medium and fine classification on the iron tailings, and carrying out primary magnetic separation and enrichment on coarse fraction products to produce concentrate 1 and tailings 1; after grinding, the concentrate 1 is mixed with a medium-grade product for secondary magnetic separation to produce a concentrate 2 and tailings 2; mixing the fine fraction product with the concentrate 2, then carrying out deep reduction, carrying out magnetic separation on the reduced product for three times to produce metallic iron and active slag, and carrying out superfine grinding on the active slag to prepare a cementing material; the tailings 1 and 2 are used as aggregates, and a cementing material is added to prepare the high-strength building material. The invention takes the iron tailings as raw materials to obtain two products of metallic iron and high-strength building materials, all intermediate products are effectively utilized, and a new way is found for the comprehensive utilization of the iron tailings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of iron tailing beneficiation, in particular to a comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings.
Background
With the continuous development of the steel industry in China, billions of tons of iron tailings are produced in an accumulated mode, the iron tailings are continuously discharged in the amount of about 1.8 million tons every year, the grade of the iron tailings reaches 22-24%, the iron tailings have recycling value, the comprehensive utilization rate of the iron tailings in China is only 7%, and meanwhile, the long-term piling of the iron tailings can cause serious pollution to surrounding soil, air and vegetation, so that the comprehensive utilization of the iron tailings is imperative.
Patent document CN201710043189.6 discloses a method for recovering iron tailings, which specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) feeding the iron tailings into a primary magnetic separator to separate low-grade iron powder a with the iron grade of more than 47%. And (4) feeding the residual ore pulp separated by the primary magnetic separator into a secondary magnetic separator, and separating low-grade iron powder b and residual iron tailings d. And mixing the low-grade iron powder a and the low-grade iron powder b, and then feeding the mixture into a ball mill for fine grinding. And (3) feeding the fine-ground iron powder ore pulp into a three-stage magnetic separator to separate iron concentrate products with iron grade of more than 62%. And (4) feeding the residual iron powder ore pulp separated by the three-stage magnetic separator into a four-stage magnetic separator, and separating low-grade iron fine powder c and residual iron tailings e. And (4) putting the iron tailings d and the iron tailings e into a bailer, and fishing out the sand with the granularity of more than 0.035 mm. The method for recovering the iron tailings is provided to select high-grade iron ores, the residual tailings with the granularity of more than 0.035mm are used as building sand, and the tailings with the granularity of less than 0.035mm are used as cement additives.
Although the method can effectively carry out secondary recovery on the iron tailings, the application specification of the residual tailings is not specific enough, and whether the ideal effect is generated is still to be discussed further, and the use mode of the residual tailings is generally mixed with machine-made sand or cement, so that the residual tailings is not suitable for being used independently, has single specification, does not obviously improve the utilization rate of the iron tailings, damages the environment and increases the production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings, aiming at the problems that the existing iron tailings are low in utilization rate, valuable elements in the iron tailings cannot be effectively utilized and the like.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme: a comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out coarse and fine grading on the iron tailings to obtain three products of coarse, medium and fine grades;
s2, carrying out primary magnetic separation on the coarse fraction product to obtain concentrate 1 and tailings 1;
s3, grinding the concentrate 1, mixing the ground concentrate with the medium-grade product obtained by classification of S1, and carrying out secondary magnetic separation on the mixed product to obtain a concentrate 2 and tailings 2;
s4, mixing the concentrate 2 with the fine-grained products obtained by the classification of S1, deeply reducing the mixed products, carrying out magnetic separation on the reduced products for three times to obtain metallic iron and active slag, and carrying out superfine grinding on the active slag to prepare a cementing material;
and S5, taking the tailings 1 and 2 as aggregates, and adding the cementing material obtained in the step S4 to prepare the high-strength building material.
Furthermore, the granularity of the coarse fraction product in the S1 is 0.5-1 mm, the granularity of the medium fraction product is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the granularity of the fine fraction product is 0-0.1 mm.
Further, the grinding fineness of the concentrate 1 in the S3 is-0.1 mm and accounts for 80 percent.
Further, the magnetic field intensity of the first magnetic separation in the S2, the second magnetic separation in the S3 and the third magnetic separation in the S4 are all in the range of 48-800 kA/m.
Further, the deep reduction process is as follows: and mixing the concentrate 2 with a fine-grained product, adding a reducing agent and an activity excitant into the mixed product, wherein the reducing agent accounts for 15-25% of the total mass of the mixed product, the activity excitant accounts for 20-40% of the total mass of the mixed product, the activity excitant is any one of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, the reduction temperature is 1000-1600 ℃, and the reduction time is 40-80 min.
Further, in the S4, the ultrafine grinding adopts an eccentric vibration mill, the vibration frequency is 50Hz, the grinding mass concentration is 70%, the grinding medium filling rate is 80%, the grinding time is 10-20 min, and the active slag is subjected to ultrafine grinding until the specific surface area is more than or equal to 600m2/kg。
Furthermore, in the S5, the tailings 1 account for 10-30% of the total mass of the high-strength building material, the tailings 2 account for 10-30% of the total mass of the high-strength building material, and the cementing material accounts for 40-80% of the total mass of the high-strength building material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the grade of the metal iron obtained by the method is more than or equal to 95 percent, the compressive strength of the prepared high-strength building material is more than or equal to 60MPa, and the flexural strength is more than or equal to 20MPa, so that the iron tailings are fully recovered and directly utilized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of a comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, classifying the iron tailings into three size fractions: the granularity of the coarse-fraction product is 0.5-1 mm, the granularity of the medium-fraction product is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the granularity of the fine-fraction product is 0-0.1 mm.
S2, carrying out a magnetic separation test on the coarse fraction product, wherein the magnetic field strength is 48-800 kA/m, so as to obtain concentrate 1 and tailings 1, and the tailings 1 are used as aggregates for preparing high-strength building materials.
S3, grinding the concentrate 1 in the step S2 to 80% of grinding fineness of-0.1 mm, mixing the concentrate with a medium-grade product, and then performing a secondary magnetic separation test to obtain a concentrate 2 and tailings 2, wherein the magnetic field strength is 48-800 kA/m, and the tailings 2 are used as aggregates for preparing high-strength building materials.
S4, mixing the concentrate 2 and the fine-grained products, then carrying out a deep reduction test, adding reducing agent coal and active exciting agent sodium hydroxide into the mixed products, wherein the coal accounts for 15-25% of the total mass of the mixed products, the sodium hydroxide accounts for 20-40% of the total mass of the mixed products, uniformly mixing the products, placing the products in a reducing furnace at the temperature of 1000-1600 ℃, and preserving heat for 40-80 min to obtain metallic iron and active slag.
Carrying out superfine grinding on the active slag, wherein the superfine grinding machine adopts an eccentric vibration mill, the vibration frequency is 50Hz, the grinding mass concentration is 70 percent, the ore grinding medium filling rate is 80 percent, the ore grinding time is 10-20 min, and the ore grinding is carried out until the specific surface area of the active slag is more than or equal to 600m2Kg, preparing the gelling material.
S5, mixing the cementing material, the tailings 1 and the tailings 2, wherein the cementing material accounts for 40-80% of the total mass of the mixture, the tailings 1 accounts for 10-30% of the total mass of the mixture, and the tailings 2 accounts for 10-30% of the total mass of the mixture.
The mixture is dry-mixed, then the mixture is added into a stirring tank of a mortar stirrer for wet mixing, water is added to prepare a mixture with the water content of 20%, the mixture is stirred for 5min, then the mixture is added into a triple die with the size of 40mm multiplied by 160mm, and the triple die is placed on a cement mortar vibrating table for vibration molding, the vibration frequency is 60 times/min, and the vibration time is 6 min.
And (3) demoulding after the test piece is maintained at normal temperature for one day, then placing the test piece into a standard constant-temperature constant-humidity curing box for curing for 28 days, wherein the curing temperature is 20 ℃, the relative humidity is 95%, obtaining the high-strength building material after the test piece is cured, and measuring the compressive and flexural strength according to the GB/T50081-2002 method.
Example 1
The total iron grade of certain iron tailings is 18.57%, the coarse fraction product accounts for 15.63%, the medium fraction product accounts for 28.89%, and the fine fraction product accounts for 55.48% by classification; carrying out primary magnetic separation on the coarse fraction product, wherein the magnetic field intensity is 240kA/m, the yield of the obtained concentrate 1 is 1.52%, and the yield of the tailings 1 is 14.11%; grinding the concentrate 1 until the content of minus 0.1mm accounts for 80%, mixing the concentrate with a medium-grade product, and performing secondary magnetic separation on the mixed product, wherein the magnetic field strength is 320kA/m, so that the yield of the concentrate 2 is 8.27%, and the yield of the tailings 2 is 22.14%; mixing the concentrate 2 with a fine-grained product, deeply reducing the mixed product in a reducing furnace at the reducing temperature of 1200 ℃ for 50min, wherein the reducing agent coal accounts for 20% of the mass of the mixed product, the using amount of sodium hydroxide accounts for 25% of the mass of the mixed product, carrying out magnetic separation on the reduced product for three times, and the magnetic field strength is 48kA/m, so that the grade of the obtained metallic iron is 95.16%, the yield is 15.25%, and the yield of the active slag is 48.50%; performing superfine grinding on the active slag by adopting an eccentric vibration mill, wherein the filling rate of a grinding medium is 80 percent, the mass concentration of the ground ore is 70 percent, the vibration frequency is 50Hz, and the vibration time is 15min to obtain the active slag with the specific surface area of 700m2Per kg of gelling material; the method comprises the steps of preparing a high-strength building material by using tailings 1, tailings 2 and a cementing material as main raw materials, wherein the mixing amounts are 14.11%, 22.14% and 48.50%, respectively, uniformly mixing the raw materials, adding 20% of water, carrying out wet mixing for 5min by using a mortar mixer, adding the mixture into a 40 x 160mm mold, carrying out vibration molding, wherein the vibration frequency is 60 times/min, the vibration time is 6min, carrying out normal-temperature curing for one day, then demolding, subsequently placing in a standard constant-temperature constant-humidity curing box, curing for 28 days, the curing temperature is 20 ℃, the relative humidity is 95%, and obtaining the high-strength building material after curingThe material is tested according to GB/T50081-2002, and the compressive strength of the high-strength building material is 62MPa and 20 MPa.
The invention separates the metal iron with the grade not less than 95% from the iron tailings which can not be utilized before, and further utilizes the tailings 1 and 2 and the cementing material to prepare the high-strength building material with the compressive strength not less than 60MPa and the flexural strength not less than 20MPa, thus being a novel building material which accords with the energy-saving and emission-reducing standards.
Claims (6)
1. The comprehensive utilization method of the iron tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out coarse and fine grading on the iron tailings to obtain three products of coarse, medium and fine grades;
s2, carrying out primary magnetic separation on the coarse fraction product to obtain concentrate 1 and tailings 1;
s3, grinding the concentrate 1, mixing the ground concentrate with the medium-grade product obtained by classification of S1, and carrying out secondary magnetic separation on the mixed product to obtain a concentrate 2 and tailings 2;
s4, mixing the concentrate 2 with the fine-grained products obtained by the classification of S1, deeply reducing the mixed products, carrying out magnetic separation on the reduced products for three times to obtain metallic iron and active slag, and carrying out superfine grinding on the active slag to prepare a cementing material;
the deep reduction process comprises the following steps: mixing the concentrate 2 with a fine-grained product, adding a reducing agent coal and an active excitant into the mixed product, wherein the reducing agent coal accounts for 15-25% of the total mass of the mixed product, the active excitant accounts for 20-40% of the total mass of the mixed product, the active excitant is any one of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, the reduction temperature is 1000-1600 ℃, and the reduction time is 40-80 min;
and S5, taking the tailings 1 and 2 as aggregates, and adding the cementing material obtained in the step S4 to prepare the high-strength building material.
2. The comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings according to claim 1, wherein the granularity of coarse fraction products in S1 is 0.5-1 mm, the granularity of medium fraction products is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the granularity of fine fraction products is 0-0.1 mm.
3. The comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grinding fineness of concentrate 1 in S3 is-0.1 mm and accounts for 80%.
4. The comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field strength of the first magnetic separation in S2, the second magnetic separation in S3 and the third magnetic separation in S4 is 48-800 kA/m.
5. The comprehensive utilization method of iron tailings according to claim 1, wherein the ultrafine grinding in S4 is performed by an eccentric vibration mill, the vibration frequency is 50Hz, the grinding mass concentration is 70%, the grinding medium filling rate is 80%, the grinding time is 10-20 min, and the active slag is subjected to ultrafine grinding until the specific surface area is more than or equal to 600m2/kg。
6. The method for comprehensively utilizing iron tailings according to claim 1, wherein the tailings 1 in the S5 account for 10-30% of the total mass of the high-strength building material, the tailings 2 account for 10-30% of the total mass of the high-strength building material, and the cementing material accounts for 40-80% of the total mass of the high-strength building material.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016187862A1 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2016-12-01 | 张宝祥 | Tailings resource recovery technology |
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