CN114057976A - 一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料及其制备方法，其中一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，按照重量份数计，其配方为：聚醚多元醇A：1‑80份，聚酯多元醇B：1‑20份，聚醚多元醇C：1‑10份，聚醚多元醇D：0‑50份，催化剂0.1‑2份，特种复合硅油0.5‑3份，阻燃剂1‑40份、发泡剂1‑20份，异氰酸酯150‑250份。本发明与传统相比，合成用的主要原材料和工艺进行改进，在提升半硬泡的吸音性的前提下，降低泡沫的密度，同时提升了泡沫的韧性，很好的解决了半硬质泡沫在开孔性、吸音性、韧性等方面的问题，同时优化了泡沫在后续压制成型过程中，容易折断、尺寸稳定性差等缺陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车前围吸音材料，具体是一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡沫应用于家私领域、汽车领域已经相当普遍，特别是枕头，床垫、沙发、火焰背复海绵等方面。随着市场竞争的加剧，客户对低密度半硬质吸音泡沫的需求越来越多。我们知道，一般汽车前围半硬泡密度在18-22kg/m3，且泡沫的吸音性能一致有待提高，为了改善泡沫的吸音性能，同时降低材料本身的自重，我们做出了一系列的改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供种一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料及其制备方法，以克服现有技术所存在的上述缺点和不足。
一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，按照重量份数计，其配方为：聚醚多元醇A：1-80份，聚酯多元醇B：1-20份，聚醚多元醇C：1-10份，聚醚多元醇D：0-50份，催化剂0.1-2份，特种复合硅油0.5-3份，阻燃剂1-40份、发泡剂1-20份，异氰酸酯150-250份。
进一步，按照重量份数计，其配方为：聚醚多元醇A：45份，聚酯多元醇B：5份，聚醚多元醇C：35份，聚醚多元醇D：15份，催化剂1份，特种复合硅油3份，阻燃剂40份，发泡剂为15份，异氰酸酯：235份。
进一步，所述聚醚多元醇A是以5％-15％蔗糖与95％-85％丙三醇混合为起始剂，所述聚醚多元醇A的官能度为2.9～3.4，所述聚醚多元醇A是合成的羟值为420mgKOH/g的多元醇。
进一步，所述聚酯多元醇B为二官能度，所述聚酯多元醇B的起始剂为乙二醇，所述聚酯多元醇B合成的苯酐聚酯为羟值315mgK0H/g的多元醇。
进一步，所述聚醚多元醇C为四官能度，所述聚醚多元醇C为EO/PO嵌段接枝，所述聚醚多元醇C是羟值32mgK0H/g的聚醚多元醇。
进一步，所述聚醚多元醇D为二官能度，所述聚醚多元醇D为羟值1000mgK0H/g的多元醇。
进一步，所述催化剂为胺类催化剂。
进一步，所述发泡剂为化学发泡剂和物理发泡剂。
进一步，所述异氰酸酯为特种改性MDI。
一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料及其制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料的准备：按照配方将原料准备好；
(2)真空脱气处理：将聚醚多元醇A、聚酯多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和聚醚多元醇D在真空度在0.07-0.08Mpa条件下进行真空脱气，温度控制在30℃，持续时间2小时；
(3)混合：将聚醚多元醇A、聚酯多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C、聚醚多元醇D进行预混合，之后添加阻燃剂进行搅拌，其余组分单独配制；
(4)乳白：将配好的物料都加入混合池，快速搅拌20秒，迅速倒入模具中，观察其由半透明变至全浑浊、发白的粘稠液体；
(5)凝胶：观察上升的泡沫体停止增长，稳定并凝胶，有大量气泡从表皮吐出。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明与传统相比，合成用的主要原材料和工艺进行改进，在提升半硬泡的吸音性的前提下，降低泡沫的密度，同时提升了泡沫的韧性，很好的解决了半硬质泡沫在开孔性、吸音性、韧性等方面的问题，同时优化了泡沫在后续压制成型过程中，容易折断、尺寸稳定性差等缺陷。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明作进一步说明。应理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，按照重量份数计，其配方为：聚醚多元醇A：45份，聚酯多元醇B：5份，聚醚多元醇C：35份，聚醚多元醇D：15份，催化剂1份，特种复合硅油3份，阻燃剂40份，发泡剂为15份，异氰酸酯：235份。
聚醚多元醇A是以5％-15％蔗糖与95％-85％丙三醇混合为起始剂，聚醚多元醇A的官能度为2.9～3.4，聚醚多元醇A是合成的羟值为420mgKOH/g的多元醇。
聚酯多元醇B为二官能度，聚酯多元醇B的起始剂为乙二醇，聚酯多元醇B合成的苯酐聚酯为羟值315mgK0H/g的多元醇。
聚醚多元醇C为四官能度，聚醚多元醇C为EO/PO嵌段接枝，聚醚多元醇C是羟值32mgK0H/g的聚醚多元醇。
聚醚多元醇D为二官能度，聚醚多元醇D为羟值1000mgK0H/g的多元醇。
阻燃剂为膨胀石墨和磷酸酯类化合物。
催化剂为胺类催化剂。
发泡剂为化学发泡剂和物理发泡剂。其中，化学发泡剂为水。
异氰酸酯为特种改性MDI。
一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料及其制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料的准备：按照配方将原料准备好；
(2)真空脱气处理：将聚醚多元醇A、聚酯多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和聚醚多元醇D在真空度在0.07-0.08Mpa条件下进行真空脱气，温度控制在30℃，持续时间2小时；
(3)混合：将聚醚多元醇A、聚酯多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C、聚醚多元醇D进行预混合，之后添加阻燃剂进行搅拌，其余组分单独配制；
(4)乳白：将配好的物料都加入混合池，快速搅拌20秒，迅速倒入模具中，观察其由半透明变至全浑浊、发白的粘稠液体；
(5)凝胶：观察上升的泡沫体停止增长，稳定并凝胶，有大量气泡从表皮吐出。
具体而言，首先对原材料进行真空脱气处理，减少原材料体系里的小分子挥发物质，然后通过优化实验配方，在配方体系里主要高分子量聚醚、聚酯、改性MDI，复合特种硅油、化学发泡剂及物理发泡剂、小分子量的聚醚多元醇、阻燃剂作为发泡主要原材料，进行生产发泡。最后在发泡过程中，先将聚醚多元醇与聚酯多元醇进行预混合。
与传统技术相比，一方面，通过选用高分子量的聚醚以及高官能度的聚醚做主体原材料来进行合成聚氨酯半硬质泡沫，可以赋予材料本身较好的刚性，同时在配方体系里添加适量的聚酯多元醇，改善海绵的整体韧性。在调整海绵的硬度以及海绵的开孔性方面，需要配合特定的匀泡剂及异氰酸比例，进一步促进海绵的开孔性能。同时在配方体系里，调整化学发泡剂和物理发泡剂的比例，来降低海绵的密度，再通过，在配方体系里，添加小分子量的聚醚多元醇，促进相互之间的交联，从而解决了在低密度条件下，海绵的强度及开孔性、韧性等方面的缺陷。
在催化剂方面：传统的催化方式是采用胺类催化剂作为水和异氰酸酯发泡反应的催化剂，通过实验验证，采用非胺类的催化剂作为替代品，可以有效的解决泡沫胺味的问题。
在生产工艺方面：在工艺加工的过程中，先将聚醚多元醇与聚酯多元醇进行预混合，这样更有利于物料的搅拌均匀及精确计量。
本发明与传统相比，合成用的主要原材料和工艺进行改进，在提升半硬泡的吸音性的前提下，降低泡沫的密度，同时提升了泡沫的韧性，很好的解决了半硬质泡沫在开孔性、吸音性、韧性等方面的问题，同时优化了泡沫在后续压制成型过程中，容易折断、尺寸稳定性差等缺陷
以上对本发明的具体实施方式进行了说明，但本发明并不以此为限，只要不脱离本发明的宗旨，本发明还可以有各种变化。
Claims (10)
1.一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，其特征在于，按照重量份数计，其配方为：聚醚多元醇A：1-80份，聚酯多元醇B：1-20份，聚醚多元醇C：1-10份，聚醚多元醇D：0-50份，催化剂0.1-2份，特种复合硅油0.5-3份，阻燃剂1-40份、发泡剂1-20份，异氰酸酯150-250份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，其特征在于，按照重量份数计，其配方为：聚醚多元醇A：45份，聚酯多元醇B：5份，聚醚多元醇C：35份，聚醚多元醇D：15份，催化剂1份，特种复合硅油3份，阻燃剂40份，发泡剂为15份，异氰酸酯：235份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇A是以5％-15％蔗糖与95％-85％丙三醇混合为起始剂，所述聚醚多元醇A的官能度为2.9～3.4，所述聚醚多元醇A是合成的羟值为420mgKOH/g的多元醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述聚酯多元醇B为二官能度，所述聚酯多元醇B的起始剂为乙二醇，所述聚酯多元醇B合成的苯酐聚酯为羟值315mgK0H/g的多元醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇C为四官能度，所述聚醚多元醇C为EO/PO嵌段接枝，所述聚醚多元醇C是羟值32mgK0H/g的聚醚多元醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇D为二官能度，所述聚醚多元醇D为羟值1000mgK0H/g的多元醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述催化剂为胺类催化剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为化学发泡剂和物理发泡剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料，其特征在于，所述异氰酸酯为特种改性MDI。
10.一种低密度汽车前围半硬质吸音泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料的准备：按照配方将原料准备好；
(2)真空脱气处理：将聚醚多元醇A、聚酯多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C和聚醚多元醇D在真空度在0.07-0.08Mpa条件下进行真空脱气，温度控制在30℃，持续时间2小时；
(3)混合：将聚醚多元醇A、聚酯多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C、聚醚多元醇D进行预混合，之后添加阻燃剂进行搅拌，其余组分单独配制；
(4)乳白：将配好的物料都加入混合池，快速搅拌20秒，迅速倒入模具中，观察其由半透明变至全浑浊、发白的粘稠液体；
(5)凝胶：观察上升的泡沫体停止增长，稳定并凝胶，有大量气泡从表皮吐出。
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