CN114027498A - 一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于酵素技术领域，特别涉及一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶及其制备方法。该改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，主要由以下质量份数的原料制成：枸杞多糖0.1‑0.2份、硒酵母0.1‑0.2份、山楂粉10‑15份、苹果粉5‑7份、无花果粉10‑12份、糖3‑4份、复合维生素粉0.02‑0.03份、蒸馏水70‑75份、氨基酸粉0.5‑1份、寡糖2‑3份、迷迭香提取液0.05‑0.07份。上述原料经发酵、过滤除渣、混合陈化后，制得改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶。本发明原料易得、制备工艺稳定，制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶可调节肠道功能，改善肠道菌群结构与肠道组织形态，促进肠道对食物的消化吸收，提高人体免疫功能，有效治疗腹泻，适合进行推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于酵素技术领域，特别涉及一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶及其制备方法。
背景技术
肠道既是人体重要的消化器官，也是人体最大的淋巴器官，具有重要的免疫功能。双歧杆菌、乳酸菌等肠道益生菌在宿主机体免疫系统发育、免疫调节和促进消化与营养吸收中发挥着重要作用。有研究证明，肠道内的双歧杆菌与免疫系统的形成密切相关；双歧杆菌能降解亚硝酸铵，抑制癌症的发生，同时激活B淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞，具有抗衰老、抗肿瘤及提高肠黏膜免疫功能等作用。某些乳酸菌能改变粪便中β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶等酶系的活力，起到抗癌作用。双歧杆菌、乳酸菌还能帮助消化乳糖等难以消化吸收的营养物质，从而促进消化。壳寡糖、低聚异麦芽糖等无法被宿主消化吸收，却能够选择性地促进宿主肠道内益生菌代谢和增殖，从而改善宿主肠道健康的物质被称为益生元。
酵素是以动物、植物、菌类等为原料，添加或不添加辅料，经微生物发酵制得的含有特定生物活性成分的保健食品。适量服用酵素，可在一定程度上调节人体功能。
常见酵素所含的生物活性成分种类复杂，且各生物活性成分含量较低，调节人体功能的作用较弱。目前，市场上还没有一种有效改善肠道消化功能的酵素产品，尤其缺乏酵素与益生元相结合的有效改善肠道消化功能的产品。
发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术中缺乏有效改善肠道消化功能的酵素产品的问题，提供了一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶及其制备方法。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，主要由以下质量份数的原料制成：枸杞多糖0.1-0.2份、硒酵母0.1-0.2份、山楂粉10-15份、苹果粉5-7份、无花果粉10-12份、糖3-4份、复合维生素粉0.02-0.03份、蒸馏水70-75份、氨基酸粉0.5-1份、寡糖2-3份、迷迭香提取液0.05-0.07份。
上述原料的优选质量配比为：
枸杞多糖0.15份、硒酵母0.15份、山楂粉12.5份、苹果粉6份、无花果粉11份、糖3.5份、复合维生素粉0.025份、蒸馏水72.5份、氨基酸粉0.75份、寡糖2.5份、迷迭香提取液0.06份。
优选的，所述糖为冰糖。
优选的，所述寡糖为低聚异麦芽糖、壳寡糖中的一种或两种。
本发明所述改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，可调节肠道功能，促进双歧杆菌、乳酸菌等肠道益生菌增殖，改善肠道菌群结构与肠道组织形态，促进肠道对食物的消化吸收，提高人体免疫功能，有效治疗腹泻。
本发明中，枸杞多糖是一种从枸杞中提取的富含多糖物质的产品。已有研究发现，枸杞多糖具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、增强免疫力、延缓衰老等作用。
硒酵母是一种有机态硒制剂，具生物利用度高、毒性低、疗效确切等优点，还具有保护细胞膜完整性、清除自由基、加快脂质过氧化物分解、抗氧化、增强机体免疫功能、心肌功能等药理作用。
山楂粉由山楂制成；山楂含多种维生素、酒石酸、柠檬酸、山楂酸、苹果酸等，还含有黄酮类、内酯、糖类、蛋白质、脂肪和钙、磷、铁等矿物质；山楂所含的解脂酶能促进脂肪类食物的消化。山楂可治消化不良、冠心病，促进胃液分泌和增加胃内酶素等功能。
苹果粉由苹果制成；苹果在我国的种植面积较大，属于常见水果。苹果酸甜可口，脆嫩多汁，富含糖、蛋白质、钙、磷、铁、锌、钾、镁、硫、胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、烟酸、纤维素等营养成分。苹果尤其富含锌元素，对促进大脑发育有重要作用。苹果也是制备酵素的常用原料。
无花果粉由无花果制成；无花果具有清热生津、健脾开胃、解毒消肿的功效，主治咽喉肿痛、燥咳声嘶、乳汁稀少、肠热便秘、食欲不振、消化不良、泄泻痢疾、痈肿、癣疾。
糖可为微生物提供碳源，利于快速发酵制备酵素。冰糖味甘、性平，入肺、脾经；有补中益气，和胃润肺的功效。冰糖养阴生津，润肺止咳，对肺燥咳嗽、干咳无痰、咯痰带血都有很好的辅助治疗作用；可用于治疗肺燥、肺虚、风寒劳累所致的咳喘、小儿疟疾、噤口痢、口疮、风火牙痛。
复合维生素粉包括维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素B、维生素C、维生素K、叶酸、泛酸等多种维生素。维生素对于人体的正常代谢和生理健康有着非常重要的作用，也是构成多种辅酶和激素的重要成分。
氨基酸粉含有多种游离氨基酸，属于常见食品添加剂。氨基酸粉所含游离氨基酸易被人体吸收，从而补充人体所需。
寡糖，即低聚糖，是由2-10个单糖分子脱水通过α、β型等糖苷键连接形成的带有支链或直链的低度聚合糖，包括低聚异麦芽糖、壳寡糖、大豆低聚糖等。目前已发现多种寡糖具有调节肠道菌群结构的功能，其中低聚异麦芽糖能促进肠道内双歧杆菌增殖，抑制肠道有害菌及腐败物质形成，增加维生素含量，提高机体免疫力；低聚异麦芽糖不会被胃和小肠吸收，而是直接进入大肠，被双歧杆菌优先利用，助其大量繁殖，是一种双歧杆菌增殖因子；而肠内其它有害菌则不能利用低聚异麦芽糖，从而抑制有害菌生长，促使肠道内微生态向良性循环调整。壳寡糖能调节肠道内微生物的代谢活动，改善肠道微生物区系分布，促进双歧杆菌生长繁殖，从而提高机体免疫力，使肠道内pH下降，抑制肠道有害菌生长，产生B族维生素，分解致癌物质，促进肠蠕动，增进蛋白质吸收；壳寡糖还具有改善肠道组织形态和增强免疫功能的作用。
迷迭香提取液由迷迭香提取制成；迷迭香具有抗氧化性，已广泛用于医药、油炸食品、富油食品及各类油脂的保鲜保质，是一种天然食品防腐剂。此外，迷迭香具有镇静安神、醒脑的作用，对消化不良和胃痛均有一定疗效，还可改善语言、视觉、听力方面的障碍，提高注意力，治疗风湿痛，强化肝脏功能，降低血糖，有助于动脉硬化的治疗，帮助麻痹的四肢恢复活动能力。
上述改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶的制备方法，包括如下步骤：（1）将硒酵母、山楂粉、苹果粉、无花果粉、糖、蒸馏水按配比加入发酵釜并搅拌均匀后，于45-50℃发酵45-50天，得到发酵产物；（2）发酵产物经过滤、除渣后，收集得到滤液；（3）将滤液加入调配釜，同时按配比向调配釜中加入枸杞多糖、复合维生素粉、氨基酸粉、寡糖、迷迭香提取液并搅拌均匀后，陈化24小时，得到改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶；（4）对改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶进行无菌包装。
本发明利用山楂粉、苹果粉、无花果粉等主要原料发酵制得发酵产物，再滤除发酵产物中不易被吸收的残渣，仅将发酵产物的滤液与枸杞多糖、复合维生素粉等辅剂混合陈化后，制得所述改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶；该改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶的营养成分易于被人体摄取利用，可调节肠道消化功能，改善肠道菌群结构与肠道组织形态，有效治疗腹泻。
本发明相对于现有技术，具有以下有益效果：
本发明利用硒酵母、山楂粉、苹果粉、无花果粉、糖发酵得到发酵产物，即酵素，所述发酵产物含有多种调节肠道功能、促进消化的生物活性成分及硒等微量元素。为进一步提高本发明所述改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶在改善肠道消化功能方面的作用，向所述发酵产物经过滤、除渣后得到的滤液中加入枸杞多糖、复合维生素粉、氨基酸粉、寡糖、迷迭香提取液这些辅剂，制得所述改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶；辅剂中的枸杞多糖、复合维生素粉、氨基酸粉均可被人体利用，从而发挥调节肠道功能，修复肠粘膜，抗氧化，增强免疫力等作用；辅剂中的寡糖作为益生元可促进双歧杆菌、乳酸菌等肠道益生菌增殖，提高肠道益生菌在肠道菌群中的比例，改善肠道菌群结构与肠道组织形态，促进肠道对食物的消化吸收；良好的肠道菌群结构还可激活多种免疫细胞，进一步提高机体免疫功能；迷迭香提取液不仅可调节肠道消化功能，还可提高本发明所述改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶的保质期。本发明所述改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶经试验，可有效治疗腹泻，取得了良好的应用效果。
本发明原料易得、制备工艺稳定，制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶可调节肠道功能，改善肠道菌群结构与肠道组织形态，促进肠道对食物的消化吸收，提高人体免疫功能，有效治疗腹泻，适合进行推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明，以便于对本发明的理解，但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，主要由以下质量配比的原料制成：枸杞多糖0.1kg、硒酵母0.1kg、山楂粉10kg、苹果粉5kg、无花果粉10kg、糖3kg、复合维生素粉0.02kg、蒸馏水70kg、氨基酸粉0.5kg、寡糖2kg、迷迭香提取液0.05kg；所述糖为冰糖；所述寡糖为低聚异麦芽糖。
上述原料的具体制备方法如下：
（1）将硒酵母、山楂粉、苹果粉、无花果粉、糖、蒸馏水按配比加入发酵釜并搅拌均匀后，于45℃发酵45天，各物料充分熟化，得到呈深色并有甜酸味的发酵产物；（2）发酵产物经过滤、除渣后，收集得到滤液；（3）将滤液加入调配釜，同时按配比向调配釜中加入枸杞多糖、复合维生素粉、氨基酸粉、寡糖、迷迭香提取液并搅拌均匀后，陈化24小时，得到改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶；（4）对改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶进行无菌包装。
应用试验：（1）试验分组：招募40名连续腹泻5-8天的25-30岁的受试者，受试者男女各20名；将上述受试者随机分为试验组和对照组，每组受试者均为20名，且每组受试者男女各10名；每名试验组受试者每日按1克每千克体重服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，并保持常规饮食，连续服用5天；每名对照组受试者每日按1克每千克体重服用与本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶具有相同外观和口感的安慰剂，连续服用5天，该安慰剂由食用淀粉制成。（2）肠道菌群检测：两组受试者末次服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂12小时后，收集两组受试者的粪便；取每名受试者粪便5g，进行10倍系列稀释至10-5浓度；各取每名受试者10-5浓度的粪便稀释液25μL分别接种于肠杆菌培养基（EMB）、肠球菌培养基（EC）、乳酸菌培养基（LBS）和双歧杆菌培养基（BS），接种后培养基置于培养箱内48小时后观察结果。肠道菌群结果计算方法为：培养结束后，统计各培养基的菌落数，计算每克粪便菌落数（CFU/g）=培养基菌落数×105÷5，试验结果以10为底每克粪便菌落数的对数值表示（lg CFU/g）。（3）两组受试者连续服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂5天后，统计试验组和对照组的腹泻治愈率。
试验结果：（1）试验组受试者粪便中各种肠道细菌的lg CFU/g平均值为：双歧杆菌8.47、乳酸菌7.13、肠杆菌6.04、肠球菌6.09。对照组受试者粪便中各种肠道细菌的lg CFU/g平均值为：双歧杆菌7.65、乳酸菌6.87、肠杆菌6.76、肠球菌6.68。（2）两组受试者连续服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂5天后，统计试验组的腹泻治愈率为90%，对照组的腹泻治愈率为15%。
结果分析：本实施例中，服用改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶的试验组受试者肠道内，双歧杆菌和乳酸菌在肠道菌群中的比例较对照组高。且两组受试者连续服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂5天后，试验组的腹泻治愈率也显著高于对照组的腹泻治愈率。
实施例2：一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，主要由以下质量配比的原料制成：枸杞多糖0.2kg、硒酵母0.2kg、山楂粉15kg、苹果粉7kg、无花果粉12kg、糖4kg、复合维生素粉0.03kg、蒸馏水75kg、氨基酸粉1kg、寡糖3kg、迷迭香提取液0.07kg；所述糖为冰糖；所述寡糖为壳寡糖。
上述原料的具体制备方法如下：
（1）将硒酵母、山楂粉、苹果粉、无花果粉、糖、蒸馏水按配比加入发酵釜并搅拌均匀后，于50℃发酵50天，各物料充分熟化，得到呈深色并有甜酸味的发酵产物；（2）发酵产物经过滤、除渣后，收集得到滤液；（3）将滤液加入调配釜，同时按配比向调配釜中加入枸杞多糖、复合维生素粉、氨基酸粉、寡糖、迷迭香提取液并搅拌均匀后，陈化24小时，得到改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶；（4）对改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶进行无菌包装。
应用试验：（1）试验分组：招募40名连续腹泻5-8天的25-30岁的受试者，受试者男女各20名；将上述受试者随机分为试验组和对照组，每组受试者均为20名，且每组受试者男女各10名；每名试验组受试者每日按1克每千克体重服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，并保持常规饮食，连续服用5天；每名对照组受试者每日按1克每千克体重服用与本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶具有相同外观和口感的安慰剂，连续服用5天，该安慰剂由食用淀粉制成。（2）肠道菌群检测：两组受试者末次服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂12小时后，收集两组受试者的粪便；取每名受试者粪便5g，进行10倍系列稀释至10-5浓度；各取每名受试者10-5浓度的粪便稀释液25μL分别接种于肠杆菌培养基（EMB）、肠球菌培养基（EC）、乳酸菌培养基（LBS）和双歧杆菌培养基（BS），接种后培养基置于培养箱内48小时后观察结果。肠道菌群结果计算方法为：培养结束后，统计各培养基的菌落数，计算每克粪便菌落数（CFU/g）=培养基菌落数×105÷5，试验结果以10为底每克粪便菌落数的对数值表示（lg CFU/g）。（3）两组受试者连续服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂5天后，统计试验组和对照组的腹泻治愈率。
试验结果：（1）试验组受试者粪便中各种肠道细菌的lg CFU/g平均值为：双歧杆菌8.59、乳酸菌7.26、肠杆菌6.12、肠球菌6.15。对照组受试者粪便中各种肠道细菌的lg CFU/g平均值为：双歧杆菌7.71、乳酸菌6.81、肠杆菌6.83、肠球菌6.73。（2）两组受试者连续服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂5天后，统计试验组的腹泻治愈率为95%，对照组的腹泻治愈率为10%。
结果分析：本实施例中，服用改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶的试验组受试者肠道内，双歧杆菌和乳酸菌在肠道菌群中的比例较对照组高。且两组受试者连续服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂5天后，试验组的腹泻治愈率也显著高于对照组的腹泻治愈率。
实施例3：一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，主要由以下质量配比的原料制成：枸杞多糖0.15kg、硒酵母0.15kg、山楂粉12.5kg、苹果粉6kg、无花果粉11kg、糖3.5kg、复合维生素粉0.025kg、蒸馏水72.5kg、氨基酸粉0.75kg、寡糖2.5kg、迷迭香提取液0.06kg；所述糖为冰糖；所述寡糖的具体质量配比为低聚异麦芽糖1.25kg、壳寡糖1.25kg。
上述原料的具体制备方法如下：
（1）将硒酵母、山楂粉、苹果粉、无花果粉、糖、蒸馏水按配比加入发酵釜并搅拌均匀后，于47℃发酵47天，各物料充分熟化，得到呈深色并有甜酸味的发酵产物；（2）发酵产物经过滤、除渣后，收集得到滤液；（3）将滤液加入调配釜，同时按配比向调配釜中加入枸杞多糖、复合维生素粉、氨基酸粉、寡糖、迷迭香提取液并搅拌均匀后，陈化24小时，得到改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶；（4）对改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶进行无菌包装。
应用试验：（1）试验分组：招募40名连续腹泻5-8天的25-30岁的受试者，受试者男女各20名；将上述受试者随机分为试验组和对照组，每组受试者均为20名，且每组受试者男女各10名；每名试验组受试者每日按1克每千克体重服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，并保持常规饮食，连续服用5天；每名对照组受试者每日按1克每千克体重服用与本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶具有相同外观和口感的安慰剂，连续服用5天，该安慰剂由食用淀粉制成。（2）肠道菌群检测：两组受试者末次服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂12小时后，收集两组受试者的粪便；取每名受试者粪便5g，进行10倍系列稀释至10-5浓度；各取每名受试者10-5浓度的粪便稀释液25μL分别接种于肠杆菌培养基（EMB）、肠球菌培养基（EC）、乳酸菌培养基（LBS）和双歧杆菌培养基（BS），接种后培养基置于培养箱内48小时后观察结果。肠道菌群结果计算方法为：培养结束后，统计各培养基的菌落数，计算每克粪便菌落数（CFU/g）=培养基菌落数×105÷5，试验结果以10为底每克粪便菌落数的对数值表示（lg CFU/g）。（3）两组受试者连续服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂5天后，统计试验组和对照组的腹泻治愈率。
试验结果：（1）试验组受试者粪便中各种肠道细菌的lg CFU/g平均值为：双歧杆菌8.71、乳酸菌7.39、肠杆菌6.07、肠球菌6.12。对照组受试者粪便中各种肠道细菌的lg CFU/g平均值为：双歧杆菌7.58、乳酸菌6.76、肠杆菌6.85、肠球菌6.74。（2）两组受试者连续服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂5天后，统计试验组的腹泻治愈率为95%，对照组的腹泻治愈率为15%。
结果分析：本实施例中，服用改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶的试验组受试者肠道内，双歧杆菌和乳酸菌在肠道菌群中的比例较对照组高。且两组受试者连续服用本实施例制得的改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶或安慰剂5天后，试验组的腹泻治愈率也显著高于对照组的腹泻治愈率。
双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的代谢产物可以激活机体免疫功能，提升肠道粘膜免疫屏障作用；而肠杆菌和肠球菌等腐败菌的数量过多，则会造成肠道免疫功能下降。
以上实施例中，服用改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶的试验组受试者肠道内，作为肠道益生菌的双歧杆菌和乳酸菌在肠道菌群中的比例均较对照组高；这说明在常规饮食条件下，适量服用本发明所述改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶可有效改善人体肠道菌群结构，进而促进肠道对食物的消化吸收，并提高人体的免疫功能。此外，以上实施例中，绝大多数试验组受试者在连续服用改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶5天后，腹泻症状被治愈，说明本发明所述改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶可有效治疗腹泻。
在上述实施例中，对本发明的最佳实施方式做了描述，很显然，在本发明的发明构思下，仍可做出很多变化。在此，应该说明，在本发明的发明构思下所做出的任何改变都将落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，其特征为，主要由以下质量份数的原料制成：枸杞多糖0.1-0.2份、硒酵母0.1-0.2份、山楂粉10-15份、苹果粉5-7份、无花果粉10-12份、糖3-4份、复合维生素粉0.02-0.03份、蒸馏水70-75份、氨基酸粉0.5-1份、寡糖2-3份、迷迭香提取液0.05-0.07份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，其特征为，主要由以下质量份数的原料制成：枸杞多糖0.15份、硒酵母0.15份、山楂粉12.5份、苹果粉6份、无花果粉11份、糖3.5份、复合维生素粉0.025份、蒸馏水72.5份、氨基酸粉0.75份、寡糖2.5份、迷迭香提取液0.06份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，其特征在于：所述糖为冰糖。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶，其特征在于：所述寡糖为低聚异麦芽糖、壳寡糖中的一种或两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶的制备方法，其特征为，包括如下步骤：（1）将硒酵母、山楂粉、苹果粉、无花果粉、糖、蒸馏水按配比加入发酵釜并搅拌均匀后，于45-50℃发酵45-50天，得到发酵产物；（2）发酵产物经过滤、除渣后，收集得到滤液；（3）将滤液加入调配釜，同时按配比向调配釜中加入枸杞多糖、复合维生素粉、氨基酸粉、寡糖、迷迭香提取液并搅拌均匀后，陈化24小时，得到改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶；（4）对改善肠道消化功能的复合酵素酶进行无菌包装。
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