CN114027114A - Method for promoting growth and development of eggplant and preventing and treating verticillium wilt - Google Patents
Method for promoting growth and development of eggplant and preventing and treating verticillium wilt Download PDFInfo
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- CN114027114A CN114027114A CN202111253540.7A CN202111253540A CN114027114A CN 114027114 A CN114027114 A CN 114027114A CN 202111253540 A CN202111253540 A CN 202111253540A CN 114027114 A CN114027114 A CN 114027114A
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- 240000002686 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 241001123668 Verticillium dahliae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000001737 promoting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 rare earth calcium superphosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000218164 Menispermaceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005078 fruit development Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019624 protein content Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial Effects 0.000 description 3
- LQPNKCGIYXREIT-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)[O-])C2C([O-])=O LQPNKCGIYXREIT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003700 vitamin C derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005986 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003902 lesions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940109850 royal jelly Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- CCBICDLNWJRFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloroindophenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1N=C1C=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C1 CCBICDLNWJRFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000221955 Chaetomium Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005944 Chlorpyrifos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000208292 Solanaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002634 Solanum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000207763 Solanum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000009910 diseases by infectious agent Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010238 heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003285 pharmacodynamic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical compound COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- CHNQZRKUZPNOOH-UHFFFAOYSA-J zinc;manganese(2+);N-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S CHNQZRKUZPNOOH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting the growth and development of eggplants and preventing and treating verticillium wilt, which comprises the following steps: 3600kg/hm of 'Vofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer is used before eggplant field planting2600kg/hm of each of the Mongolian Sanan compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer2Carrying out treatment; after the Menga is seated, 75kg/hm of 'Voofengkang' coronafiline is compounded2And 37.5kg/hm of Voofengkang fruit juice2And (4) drip irrigation of the mineral nutrition balance fertilizer with water. Can promote the growth of the plants in the eggplant field, improve the quality and improve the verticillium wilt resistance of the eggplant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for promoting the growth and development of eggplants and preventing and treating verticillium wilt.
Background
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a plant of Solanum of Solanaceae, has developed root system, is relatively favored by fertilizer and fertilizer, and is widely cultivated in China [ Liu Fu, Liangyong, Chen Yu Hui, Chang Jia new variety Chang za No. 8 breeding [ J ]. Chinese vegetables, 2016(12):53-55 ]. Eggplant verticillium wilt, also called as margined crazy and black heart disease, is a soil-borne vascular bundle disease and is one of the main diseases damaging eggplant production. The verticillium wilt of eggplants is a disease which is caused by verticillium dahliae infection and occurs on the eggplants, is one of main diseases in the production of the eggplants in a sunlight greenhouse, has great harm to the production of the eggplants, and often causes dead harvest or seed destruction when the disease is serious. Since Carpenter first reported greensickness in 1914, the disease has spread to more than 30 countries and regions around the world [ epilithic rock, causes of cotton greensickness outbreak and disaster control measures [ J ] plant protection, 1994,20(1):34-35 ]. Eggplant verticillium wilt occurs commonly and is seriously damaged in north China, and the yield and the quality of the eggplant are reduced [ Jing Li Jun, frequent billings, Sujiu, preliminary research on inheritance of eggplant verticillium wilt [ J ]. gardening academy, 2000,27(4): 293-. Because the verticillium wilt of eggplants is a soil-borne disease, the prevention and treatment effect of the pesticide is poor, the breeding is difficult, and the grafting method and the technology are difficult.
The biological organic fertilizer has the functions of fertilizing soil fertility, enhancing plant resistance and the like. Research on treatment of eggplants with bio-organic fertilizer has been reported, and the influence of different concentrations of liquid bio-organic fertilizer on the growth of eggplant seedlings by wangi [ wangi, liuxianning, sun guan ]. jilin vegetables, 2017(07):38-39] et al show that the plant height and stem thickness of eggplants treated with bio-organic fertilizer are significantly higher than those of controls, and significantly increased by 32.88% and 26.52% respectively than those of controls. Experimental studies of Wangsheng (Wangsheng, the influence of applying different organic fertilizers on the yield and the quality of continuous cropping eggplants [ J ] agricultural engineering, 2020,10(10): 105-.
Zhao founding, pharmacodynamic tests of different medicaments for preventing and treating the verticillium wilt of eggplants [ J ] experiments of farmers for causing rich, 2017(24), 103 and other experimental studies show that 300 times of solution of 1% shenqinmycin suspension has the best effect of root irrigation, and the prevention and treatment effect on the verticillium wilt of the eggplants is 73.6%. Tests of Dongdong Kun (Dongdong Kun, eggplant Verticillium wilt prevention and treatment effect test (J), modern rural science and technology, 2018(12), 66 and the like show that the prevention and treatment effect of 10 percent of double-effect liquid 200 times liquid and 15 percent of wilting prevention ecological liquid 300 times liquid on eggplant Verticillium wilt reaches 88.2 to 91.6 percent; tests of different pesticides of the royal jelly chrysanthemum [ royal jelly chrysanthemum, Zhuhua, Guojinping ] for controlling the verticillium wilt of eggplants [ J ] Shanghai vegetables, 2010(1):61-62 ] and the like show that the control effect of 800 times liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder and 800 times liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder on the verticillium wilt of the eggplants reaches 78%. The former people all use chemical pesticide to prevent and cure verticillium wilt of eggplants, and the research of using biological organic fertilizer to prevent and cure verticillium wilt of eggplants is rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for promoting the growth and development of eggplants and preventing and treating verticillium wilt.
The method for promoting the growth and development of eggplants and preventing and treating verticillium wilt provided by the invention comprises the following steps: the eggplants are treated by using a 'Wofengkang' biological organic fertilizer, a Mengduoli Sanan compound fertilizer and a rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer before field planting; after the Menga is seated, the Guanjunkang Guanjunling and the Vofengkang Guole mineral nutrition balance fertilizer are compounded and drip-irrigated with water to obtain the fertilizer,
wherein, the application amount of the 'Voofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer can be as follows: 3600kg/hm2；
The application rates of the Mongolian-Sangan compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer are both 600kg/hm2；
The application amount of the Vofengkang coronafacil can be as follows: 75kg/hm2；
"Wofengkang" fruit medicineThe amounts applied may be: 37.5kg/hm2。
The method for promoting the growth and development of the eggplant and preventing the verticillium wilt comprises the following steps:
1) sowing seeds at the bottom of 5 months, planting the seeds in the middle of 7 months, and using 3600kg/hm of 'Wofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer2The Mongolian multi-effect Sanan compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer are respectively applied as base fertilizer at the same time of 600kg/hm2；
2) When the Mengfeng grows to the size of egg, 75kg/hm of 'Voofengkang' coronafiline is compounded2And 37.5kg/hm of Voofengkang fruit juice2Drip irrigation for 6 times before pulling seedlings along with water.
In the step 1) of the method, the row spacing of the planted plants can be 35cm multiplied by 40 cm;
the method can further comprise the operation of drip irrigation of the Vofengkang root filling treasure along with water 10-15 days after the crop seedlings are slowed down, wherein the application amount of the Vofengkang root filling treasure (5 kg/bag) is as follows: 75 kg/time/hm2A total of 1 application.
The method adopts different biological organic fertilizers as base fertilizers for treatment, plants eggplants in a facility cold shed, and screens out the best biological organic fertilizer and mineral nutrition balance fertilizer treatment by measuring indexes of field growth, fruit development, verticillium wilt disease and the like of the eggplants. The results show that: 3600kg/hm of bio-organic fertilizer2The maximum leaf area and the soluble sugar content of the treated eggplant are greatly different from those of a control (p is less than 0.01), and are increased by 1.35 percent and 7.77 percent; all treatments reduce the incidence rate of verticillium wilt in eggplant fields, and the incidence rate is remarkably different from that of a control (p is less than 0.05), wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is 3600kg/hm2The incidence of verticillium wilt of the treated eggplants is lowest and is reduced by 49.35 percent compared with that of the control. Therefore, the bio-organic fertilizer 3600kg/hm2The best treatment is screened for the test, and the effects of promoting growth and inhibiting diseases can be achieved for the production and planting of the eggplants.
3600kg/hm of 'Vofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer is used before eggplant field planting2600kg/hm of each of the Mongolian Sanan compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer2After the solanum melongena is seated, 75kg/hm of 'Voofengkang' coronafiline is compounded2Heguole food37.5kg/hm2The mineral nutrition balance fertilizer is drip-irrigated with water, so that the growth vigor of the plants in the eggplant field can be promoted, the quality can be improved, and the verticillium wilt resistance of the eggplants can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of different bio-organic fertilizer treatments on the plant height of eggplant.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of different bio-organic fertilizer treatments on the stem thickness of eggplant.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different bio-organic fertilizer treatments on the maximum leaf area of eggplant.
FIG. 4 shows the effect of different bio-organic fertilizer treatments on the number of leaves of an eggplant plant.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides a method for promoting the growth and development of eggplants and preventing and treating verticillium wilt, which comprises the following steps: the eggplants are treated by using a 'Wofengkang' biological organic fertilizer, a Mengduoli Sanan compound fertilizer and a rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer before field planting; after the Menga is seated, 75kg/hm of 'Voofengkang' coronafiline is compounded2And 37.5kg/hm of Voofengkang fruit juice2Drip irrigation with mineral nutrition balance fertilizer and water for 6 times before pulling seedlings, and then the seedling is obtained,
wherein, the application amount of the 'Voofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer can be as follows: 3600kg/hm2；
The application rates of the Mongolian-Sangan compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer are both 600kg/hm2。
3600kg/hm of 'Vofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer is used before eggplant is fixedly planted2600kg/hm of each of the Mongolian Sanan compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer2After the solanum melongena is seated, 75kg/hm of 'Voofengkang' coronafiline is compounded2And 37.5kg/hm of Voofengkang fruit juice2The mineral nutrition balance fertilizer is drip-irrigated with water for 6 times before seedling pulling, so that the growth vigor of the plants in the eggplant field can be promoted, the quality can be improved, and the verticillium wilt resistance of the eggplant can be improved.
Examples
1.1 test materials
Eggplant: long eggplant 218, provided by the vegetable and flower institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences;
"wofengkang" bio-organic fertilizer: provided by Beijing Kaigao Biotechnology Ltd;
control organic fertilizer (organic fertilizer in Liaozhongjing): provided by the agricultural science and technology company Limited in Liaozhong Beijing, inner Mongolia;
the Mongolian Clotrimae and Chlorpyrifos compound fertilizer comprises the following components: provided by Beijing Huier Biotechnology Ltd, of inner Mongolia;
rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer: provided by Qinhuang island sky Fuji chemical Co Ltd;
"wofengkang" compound microbial inoculum: provided by Beijing Kaigao Biotechnology Ltd;
"wofengkang" coronafacil: provided by Beijing Kaigao Biotechnology Ltd, N: P: K ═ 13:11: 14;
"wofengkang" guole: provided by Beijing Kaigao Biotech Co., Ltd, Ca + Mg is not less than 10%, and N + K2O≥32％，K2O≥20％；
Covering a multi-effect black land: the drip irrigation potassium humate bacterial fertilizer is provided by Naemokou Kogyo Biotech limited company, and has the total nutrient of more than or equal to 15 percent, the water-soluble humic acid of more than or equal to 25 percent, the effective viable count of more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, the organic matter of more than or equal to 35 percent and the medium element of more than or equal to 3 percent;
guobenfeng, a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, provided by Jing agricultural science and technology Limited company in Liaozhong, inner Mongolia, N: P: K: 12:8: 35.
1.2 design of the experiment
The test is carried out in a cold shed test field of a campus of the Chifeng college in 2019 in 5-10 months. Sowing the seeds in 29 days in 5 months, and planting the seeds in 15 days in 7 months. Treating with different dosages of 'Voofencang' bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and designing 4 gradients which are 1800, 3600, 5400 and 7200kg/hm2The conventional organic fertilizer (organic fertilizer in Liaozhongjing) of local farmers is used as follows: supplied by Liaojing agriculture science and technology Limited liability company in Liaoning of inner Mongolia) dosage of 5400kg/hm2For comparison, there were 5 treatments, each treatment3 replicates. Cell area 5.5m2The plant spacing is 35cm multiplied by 40cm, and the Mongolian multi-effect Sanan compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer are respectively applied to the treatment of all base fertilizers, and 600kg/hm of each base fertilizer and each rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer2(the specific design scheme is shown in Table 1). According to the soil moisture content, after the crops are suspended for 10-15 days, all experimental treatments are carried out, and the water-drip irrigation Wofengkang root-filling Bao (5 kg/bag) is 75 kg/time/hm2(applied 1 time) control with local Mongolia Chaetomium black land "potassium humate bacterial manure" 37.5 kg/time/hm2Drip irrigation (application 1 time). When the Men eggplant grows to the size of eggs, water and fertilizer are supplied for the first time, and 75kg/hm of Voofengkang 'Guanjunling' is used for all experimental treatments2And 37.5kg/hm of "Guole2In contrast, the macroelement water soluble fertilizer 'Guobenfeng' is used at 75kg/hm2And 37.5kg/hm of potassium humate bacterial fertilizer in Mengduli black land2(see Table 2 for specific protocol design). According to the growth of plants, flowering and fruit setting, soil and weather, fertilizing water is given every 10 days until seedling pulling is performed for 6 times, and clear water is poured between two times of fertilizing water. After the eggplants are planted and delayed, measuring the field growth indexes of the eggplants, including plant height, stem thickness, maximum leaf area and the like; in the early and middle stages of eggplant growth, the fruit development indexes including fruit nutrition and commodity quality are measured; after the eggplant develops diseases in the field, indexes such as verticillium wilt and the like are measured, wherein the indexes are mainly disease incidence and disease index.
TABLE 1 Wofengkang biological organic fertilizer base fertilizer design method
TABLE 2 design scheme of mineral nutrition balance fertilizer for eggplant growth period
1.3 measurement of index
1.3.1 field growth index
The plant height, stem thickness and maximum leaf area are measured by a graduated scale and a vernier caliper respectively. The plant height is the height from the root and stem boundary of the eggplant to a growth point measured by a graduated scale, the stem thickness is the stem thickness of the first node of the stem base measured by a vernier caliper, the maximum leaf area is the length and width of the maximum leaf of the plant measured by the graduated scale, and then the product of the length and the width is calculated. The number of the leaves of a single plant is one leaf with the diameter of more than or equal to 5 cm.
1.3.2 fruit development indices
1.3.2.1 index of fruit nutritive quality
The method mainly measures the content of vitamin C, the content of protein, the content of soluble sugar and the content of organic acid, and adopts a 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol titration method, an ultraviolet absorption method, an anthrone colorimetric method and a standard alkali solution titration method respectively. Soluble solids were measured using a digital display glucometer.
1.3.2.2 index of commercial quality of fruit
The diameter of the stem, the diameter of the fruit, the length of the fruit and the length of the stem are measured by a vernier caliper, a curve ruler and a straight ruler respectively. The diameter of the stem is the most uniform diameter of the stem of the eggplant, the diameter of the fruit is the diameter of the uniform part in the middle of the eggplant, the length of the fruit is the length of the whole eggplant, and the length of the stem of the fruit is the length of the stem of the eggplant, wherein the diameter of the stem is measured by a vernier caliper. The single fruit weight is measured by an electronic balance and is equal to the ratio of the weight to the number.
1.3.3 onset index of Verticillium wilt
1.3.3.1 grading standard of disease index of verticillium wilt
Level 0: no symptoms are caused;
level 1: slight scab exists;
and 2, stage: the lesion spots occupy less than 1/4 of the whole leaf area;
and 3, level: the scab occupies 1/4-1/2 of the whole leaf area;
4, level: the lesion occupies more than 1/2 of the whole leaf area.
1.3.3.2 index for disease resistance of verticillium wilt
Field incidence (%) ═ number of diseased plants/number of total investigated plants × 100%;
the disease index ═ Σ (number of disease-grade plants × number of disease-grade)/(total number of survey plants × highest disease-grade value) × 100;
the prevention and treatment effect is (treatment disease index-control disease index)/control disease index multiplied by 100%.
1.4 data analysis
The test data were processed using Excel 2010 and SPSS 23.0 software.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of different biological organic fertilizer treatments on the growth of eggplant in the field
2.1.1 Effect on plant height
The plant height is one of the most basic indexes for measuring the growth quality of crops in the field, and figure 1 shows that the influence difference of different biological organic fertilizer treatments on the eggplant plant height is not significant (p is more than 0.05, and p is more than 0.01). The plant height of the treatment 2 is higher than that of the control, and reaches 42.24cm, which is increased by 3.07 percent compared with that of the control. The remaining treatments were all reduced compared to the control.
2.1.2 Effect on Stem thickness
FIG. 2 shows that the effect of different bio-organic fertilizer treatments on the stem thickness of the eggplant is not significant (p is more than 0.05, and p is more than 0.01). The stem thickness of the treatment 2 and the treatment 4 is higher than that of the control, respectively reaches 10.78mm and 10.66mm, and is increased by 0.76-1.89% compared with the control. The remaining treatments were all reduced compared to the control.
2.1.3 Effect on maximum leaf area
FIG. 3 shows that the influence of different bio-organic fertilizer treatments on the maximum leaf area of the eggplant is different (p < 0.05). The maximum leaf area of the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 is higher than that of the control, and respectively reaches 99.89cm2And 99.87cm2Increased by 1.35% and 1.33% respectively compared with the control. The remaining treatments were all reduced compared to the control.
2.1.4 Effect on the number of leaves per plant
FIG. 4 shows that different biological organic fertilizer treatments have obvious influence on the leaf number of each eggplant plant (p < 0.05). The number of the leaves of the individual plants of the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 is higher than that of the control, and reaches 15.37 and 15.28 respectively, and is increased by 4.84 percent and 4.23 percent compared with the control. The remaining treatments were all reduced compared to the control.
2.2 Effect of different bioorganic fertilizer treatments on eggplant fruit development
2.2.1 Effect on the nutritional quality of eggplant fruits
Table 3 shows that different biological organic fertilizer treatments have obvious influence differences (p is less than 0.05) on the soluble sugar content, the organic acid content and the vitamin C content of eggplant fruits, and the influence differences of soluble solid and protein contents are not obvious (p is more than 0.05). The protein content of the treatment 2 is higher than that of the control, and reaches 0.79g/100g, which is increased by 27.42% compared with the control. The soluble sugar content of treatment 2 was also higher than the control, reaching 0.0208, which is a 7.77% increase over the control. The remaining treatments were all reduced compared to the control.
TABLE 3 influence of different bio-organic fertilizer treatments on nutritional quality index of eggplant fruits
Note: lower case letters represent significant differences at the 0.05 level and upper case letters represent significant differences at the 0.01 level, as follows.
2.2.2 Effect on the commercial quality of eggplant fruits
Table 4 shows that different organic fertilizer treatments have obvious difference (p is less than 0.05) on the weight and the length of each eggplant fruit, and have no obvious difference (p is more than 0.05) on the diameter, the stalk length, the weight and the number of the fruits of each plant. The individual fruit weights of treatments 2 and 4 were higher than the control, reaching 215.35g and 211.25g, which increased 5.95% and 3.93% over the control. The results of the plants and the fruits of the plants in the treatments 2 and 3 are higher than those of the control, the results of the plants reach 6.26 and 6.15, the results of the plants are increased by 17.01 percent and 14.95 percent compared with the control, the fruits of the plants reach 1.46kg and 1.41kg compared with the control, and the results of the plants are increased by 30.36 percent and 25.89 percent compared with the control.
TABLE 4 influence of different bio-organic fertilizer treatments on the commodity quality index of eggplant fruits
2.3 Effect of different biological organic fertilizer treatments on the occurrence of verticillium wilt of eggplant
The verticillium wilt is one of the most common main soil-borne diseases in eggplant planting production, belongs to a typical vascular bundle disease, is difficult to control, often causes dead harvest or seed damage when the disease is serious, and determines the yield and quality of the eggplant. Table 5 shows that different biological organic fertilizer treatments have obvious influence difference (p is less than 0.05) on the field morbidity of the verticillium wilt of the eggplants and have no obvious influence difference (p is more than 0.05) on the disease indexes of the verticillium wilt of the eggplants. The field morbidity of all the treated eggplants is lower than that of the control, and the disease inhibiting effect can reach 24.24-49.35%. The disease indexes of all treatments are 41.33, 35.21, 46.36 and 39.25 respectively, so the disease indexes of the treatments are lower than the control, and the prevention and treatment effect reaches 8.35 to 25.48 percent
TABLE 5 influence of different bio-organic fertilizer treatments on the occurrence of verticillium wilt in eggplant
The test result of the invention shows that the biological organic fertilizer promotes the growth of eggplants in the field compared with the control, wherein 3600kg/hm2The plant height and stem thickness of the treated plants reach the maximum value, and 1800kg/hm2The number of leaves per plant treated and the maximum leaf area reached the maximum. The treatment of different organic fertilizers increases the protein content and the soluble sugar content, and reduces the vitamin C, soluble solid and organic acid content. The protein content of all the treatments can be increased by 4.84-27.42% compared with the control, wherein 3600kg/hm2The content of the treated protein reaches the maximum value of 0.79g/100g, and is improved to 27.42% compared with the control. The single fruit weight is improved by treating different biological organic fertilizers. Wherein, 3600kg/hm2The weight of the treated single fruit reaches the maximum value of 215.35g, and is improved to the maximum value of 5.95 percent compared with the control. The research result of the experiment shows that the field morbidity of the eggplant verticillium wilt is reduced by treating different biological organic fertilizers, and the disease inhibiting effect can reach 24.24-49.35%. The prevention and control effect of 4 treatments can reach 8.35-25.48%.
In conclusion, 3600kg/hm of 'Vofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer is used before eggplant is fixedly planted2600kg/hm of each of the Mongolian Sanan compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer2After the solanum melongena is seated, 75kg/hm of 'Voofengkang' coronafiline is compounded2Heigule 37.5kg/hm2Mineral nutritionThe balanced fertilizer is drip-irrigated with water, so that the growth vigor of the plants in the eggplant field can be promoted, the quality can be improved, and the verticillium wilt resistance of the eggplants can be improved.
Claims (7)
1. A method for promoting the growth and development of eggplants and preventing and treating verticillium wilt comprises the following steps: the eggplants are treated by using a 'Wofengkang' biological organic fertilizer, a Mengduoli Sanan compound fertilizer and a rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer before field planting; and (3) after the Menispermaceae is seated, compounding the ' Vofengkang ' coronafacil and the ' Vofengkang fruit mineral nutrition balance fertilizer, and carrying out drip irrigation with water.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the application amount of the 'Voofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer is as follows: 3600kg/hm2；
The application rates of the Mongolian-Sangan compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer are both 600kg/hm2；
The application amount of the Vofengkang coronafacil is as follows: 75kg/hm2；
The application amount of the Voofengkang fruit is as follows: 37.5kg/hm2；
Drip irrigation for 6 times before pulling seedlings along with water.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method for promoting the growth and development of the eggplant and preventing and treating the verticillium wilt comprises the following steps:
1) sowing seeds at the bottom of 5 months, planting the seeds in the middle of 7 months, and using 3600kg/hm of 'Wofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer2The Mongolian multi-effect Sanan compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer are respectively applied as base fertilizer at the same time of 600kg/hm2；
2) When the Mengfeng grows to the size of egg, 75kg/hm of 'Voofengkang' coronafiline is compounded2And 37.5kg/hm of Voofengkang fruit juice2Drip irrigation for 6 times before pulling seedlings along with water.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: between the steps 1) and 2), the operation of 'irrigation with roots' of Wolfukang is further carried out 10-15 days after the seedlings of the crops are slowed down along with water.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the application amount of the Vofengkang Zugubao is as follows: 75 kg/time/hm2A total of 1 application.
6. Use of the method of any one of claims 1-5 for promoting plant growth in an eggplant field, for improving quality and for improving verticillium wilt resistance in eggplant.
7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that: the quality improvement refers to the improvement of the protein and soluble sugar content of the eggplant fruits; increasing the single fruit weight, the single plant fruiting number and the single plant fruit weight of the eggplant.
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