CN113992565A - Multicast message processing method and device - Google Patents
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- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/16—Multipoint routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/66—Layer 2 routing, e.g. in Ethernet based MAN's
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- H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
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Abstract
The present application relates to the field of network communication technologies, and in particular, to a multicast message processing method and apparatus. The method is applied to a controller and comprises the following steps: when detecting that a target AC accesses the first leaf device, configuring a target VPN virtual private network instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance for the first leaf device; issuing a target VPN instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance to the second leaf equipment, so that the second leaf equipment establishes a mapping relation between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI; the first leaf device and the second leaf device are opposite-end devices, and after receiving the multicast message carrying the target L3VNI, the first leaf device sends the multicast message to the second leaf device, so that the second leaf device looks up the table and forwards the multicast message based on the target L3 VNI.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of network communication technologies, and in particular, to a multicast message processing method and apparatus.
Background
At present, a Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) routing policy based on a Virtual Private Network (VPN) instance is usually configured to implement three-layer multicast interworking across VPNs, and specifically there are the following two configuration modes:
mode 1): the multicast source side device configures the lead-in and lead-out, that is, a cross-VPN policy is configured on a leaf device (e.g., VTEP1) where the multicast source side is located, and traffic is directly led into VPN instances of each receiver for forwarding, which requires that there are a VPN instance of the multicast source and VPN instances of all receivers on the multicast source side device at the same time.
Mode 2): the multicast receiver side imports the eduction, namely, on a leaf device (such as VTEP2) where the multicast receiver side is located, a cross-VPN policy is configured, and the traffic is imported from the source VPN into the local receiver VPN instance. It is required that there must be a VPN instance of the multicast source on all the devices on the receiver side.
For the situation that the multicast source and the multicast receiver are both in the same device, the two modes are not different, but for the cross-device VPN, the mode 1) would result in that the device at the multicast source side needs to copy multiple traffic to each receiver VPN, and then passes through the underlay through the multicast tunnel of each VPN to reach other Leaf; in the method 2), the multicast tunnel passing through the multicast source VPN only needs to traverse the underlay to reach other Leaf, and the multicast tunnel is distributed to the VPNs of multiple receivers in each Leaf.
However, either way, it is required that there must be two VPNs on one side leaf device, on both the multicast source side and the recipient. In the actual networking of users, when multicast traffic crosses devices and VPNs in a DC, there may be only one-side VPN on the devices, and when multicast traffic goes out of an external network, a VPN required by the external network is generally configured on the Border, and there is certainly no VPN configuration of the external network on the Leaf. Therefore, under these circumstances, RPF routing policies based on VPN instances cannot be configured.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a multicast message processing method and device, which are used for solving the problem that multicast flow is cut off when RPF routing strategies based on VPN instances cannot be configured in the prior art.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a multicast message processing method, applied to a controller, the method including:
when detecting that a target AC access controller is accessed on a first leaf device, configuring a target VPN virtual private network instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI three-layer VXLAN identification corresponding to the target VPN instance for the first leaf device;
issuing a target VPN instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance to second leaf equipment, so that the second leaf equipment establishes a mapping relation between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI;
the first leaf device and the second leaf device are opposite-end devices, and after receiving a multicast message carrying a target L3VNI, the first leaf device sends the multicast message to the second leaf device, so that the second leaf device forwards the multicast message based on the target L3VNI lookup table.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a multicast message processing method, which is applied to a leaf device, and the method includes:
receiving a target VPN instance corresponding to a target AC issued by a controller and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance, wherein when the controller detects that one AC accesses one leaf device, the controller issues the accessed VPN instance corresponding to the AC and the L3VNI corresponding to the VPN instance to an opposite-end leaf device of the leaf device;
establishing a mapping relationship between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI;
and after receiving the multicast message sent by the leaf device at the opposite end, forwarding the multicast message based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast message.
Optionally, the step of forwarding the multicast packet based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast packet includes:
analyzing the multicast message, and determining an L3VNI carried by the multicast message;
and determining a VPN example associated with the L3VNI based on the L3VNI, and forwarding the multicast message based on the VPN example table lookup.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
receiving a multicast message sent by external network equipment;
and sending the multicast message to the peer leaf device, so that the peer leaf device forwards the multicast message based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast message.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a multicast message processing apparatus, applied to a controller, the method including:
a configuration unit, configured to configure, for a first leaf device, a target VPN virtual private network instance corresponding to a target AC and a target L3VNI three-layer VXLAN identifier corresponding to the target VPN instance when it is detected that a target AC access controller accesses the first leaf device;
an issuing unit, configured to issue, to a second leaf device, a target VPN instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance, so that the second leaf device establishes a mapping relationship between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI;
the first leaf device and the second leaf device are opposite-end devices, and after receiving a multicast message carrying a target L3VNI, the first leaf device sends the multicast message to the second leaf device, so that the second leaf device forwards the multicast message based on the target L3VNI lookup table.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a multicast message processing apparatus, which is applied to a leaf device, and the apparatus includes:
the system comprises a first receiving unit, a second receiving unit and a third receiving unit, wherein the first receiving unit is used for receiving a target VPN example corresponding to a target AC issued by a controller and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN example, and when the controller detects that one AC accesses one leaf device, the controller issues the accessed VPN example corresponding to the AC and the L3VNI corresponding to the VPN example to an opposite-end leaf device of the leaf device;
an establishing unit, configured to establish a mapping relationship between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI;
and the first forwarding unit is configured to forward the multicast packet based on an L3VNI carried by the multicast packet after receiving the multicast packet sent by the peer leaf device.
Optionally, when the multicast packet is forwarded based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast packet, the first forwarding unit is specifically configured to:
analyzing the multicast message, and determining an L3VNI carried in the multicast message header;
and determining a VPN example associated with the L3VNI based on the L3VNI, and forwarding the multicast message based on the VPN table look-up.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
the second receiving unit is used for receiving the multicast messages sent by other network equipment;
and the second forwarding unit is configured to send the multicast packet to the peer leaf device, so that the peer leaf device forwards the multicast packet based on the L3VNI carried in the multicast packet.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a controller comprising:
a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory having stored therein computer instructions, the processor performing the method of the first aspect by executing the computer instructions.
In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a leaf device, including:
a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory having stored therein computer instructions, the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the method of any of the second aspect.
To sum up, the multicast packet processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to a controller, and the method includes: when detecting that a target AC accesses the first leaf device, configuring a target VPN virtual private network instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance for the first leaf device; issuing a target VPN instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance to the second leaf equipment, so that the second leaf equipment establishes a mapping relation between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI; the first leaf device and the second leaf device are opposite-end devices, and after receiving the multicast message carrying the target L3VNI, the first leaf device sends the multicast message to the second leaf device, so that the second leaf device looks up the table and forwards the multicast message based on the target L3 VNI.
By adopting the multicast message processing method provided by the embodiment of the application, the routing strategy based on the L3VNI is configured, and on the premise of realizing the optimal forwarding and copying, the problem that the multicast flow can be sent to an external network and is not interrupted when the scenes of the asymmetric VPN and the symmetric VPN are switched is solved by pre-configuring the mapping relation based on the L3VNI and the VPN instance.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a detailed flowchart of a multicast message processing method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a detailed flowchart of another multicast packet processing method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a multicast message processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another multicast packet processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a leaf device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The terminology used in the embodiments of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this application and the claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is meant to encompass any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in the embodiments of the present application to describe various information, the information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the present application. Depending on the context, moreover, the word "if" as used may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination".
Illustratively, referring to fig. 1, a detailed flowchart of a multicast message processing method provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown, where the method is applied to a controller, and the method includes the following steps:
step 100: when detecting that a target AC access controller accesses a first leaf device, configuring a target VPN virtual private network instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI three-layer VXLAN identification corresponding to the target VPN instance for the first leaf device.
In practical application, as the distribution of the DC internal configuration depends on AC access, the external network VPN related configuration is only distributed on the border device. The virtual router connection can bind the two routers, and three-layer intercommunication between all subnets or designated addresses of the two routers is realized. That is, if one of the virtual routers has AC access, RT mutual-reference and L3VNI interface configuration of the opposite end may be issued on the device thereof, and RT mutual-reference and L3VNI interface configuration of the opposite end may also be issued on the opposite end.
In the embodiment of the present application, an RPF routing policy based on an L3VNI instance is configured, that is, whether to perform VPN-crossing multicast forwarding is determined according to the L3 VNI.
When detecting that any leaf device has an AC access, the controller configures a VPN instance corresponding to the AC and an L3VNI interface configuration corresponding to the VPN instance for the leaf device.
Step 110: and issuing a target VPN instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance to second leaf equipment, so that the second leaf equipment establishes a mapping relation between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI.
Further, the controller may also issue the VPN instance corresponding to the AC and the L3VNI corresponding to the VPN instance to an opposite-end leaf device of the leaf device. After receiving the VPN instance and the L3VNI corresponding to the VPN instance sent by the controller, the peer leaf device establishes a mapping relationship between the VPN instance and the L3VNI, that is, after receiving the packet carrying the L3VNI, the peer leaf device finds the corresponding VPN instance based on the L3VNI, and then performs packet forwarding processing based on the found VPN instance.
In practical application, the first leaf device and the second leaf device are opposite-end devices, and after receiving a multicast packet carrying a target L3VNI, the first leaf device sends the multicast packet to the second leaf device, so that the second leaf device forwards the multicast packet based on the target L3VNI lookup table.
Illustratively, referring to fig. 2, a detailed flowchart of a multicast message processing method provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown, where the method is applied to a leaf device, and the method includes the following steps:
step 200: and receiving a target VPN instance corresponding to a target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance issued by a controller, wherein when the controller detects that one AC accesses one leaf device, the controller issues the accessed VPN instance corresponding to the AC and the L3VNI corresponding to the VPN instance to an opposite-end leaf device of the leaf device.
Step 210: establishing a mapping relationship between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI.
Step 220: and after receiving the multicast message sent by the leaf device at the opposite end, forwarding the multicast message based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast message.
In this embodiment of the present application, when forwarding the multicast packet based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast packet, a preferred implementation manner is: analyzing the multicast message, and determining an L3VNI carried by the multicast message; and determining a VPN example associated with the L3VNI based on the L3VNI, and forwarding the multicast message based on the VPN example table lookup.
Further, in this embodiment of the present application, the multicast packet processing method applied to a leaf device may further include the following steps:
receiving a multicast message sent by external network equipment; and sending the multicast message to the peer leaf device, so that the peer leaf device forwards the multicast message based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast message.
Based on the same inventive concept as the method applied to the controller, for example, referring to fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of a multicast message processing apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application is applied to the controller, and the apparatus includes:
a configuration unit 30, configured to configure, for a first leaf device, a target VPN virtual private network instance corresponding to a target AC and a target L3VNI three-layer VXLAN identifier corresponding to the target VPN instance when it is detected that a target AC access controller accesses the first leaf device;
an issuing unit 31, configured to issue, to a second leaf device, a target VPN instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance, so that the second leaf device establishes a mapping relationship between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI;
the first leaf device and the second leaf device are opposite-end devices, and after receiving a multicast message carrying a target L3VNI, the first leaf device sends the multicast message to the second leaf device, so that the second leaf device forwards the multicast message based on the target L3VNI lookup table.
Based on the same inventive concept as the method applied to the leaf device, as an example, refer to fig. 4, which is a schematic structural diagram of a multicast message processing apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus is applied to a leaf device, and the apparatus includes:
a first receiving unit 40, configured to receive a target VPN instance corresponding to a target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance, where the target VPN instance is issued by a controller, and when detecting that an AC accesses one leaf device, the controller issues the accessed VPN instance corresponding to the AC and the L3VNI corresponding to the VPN instance to an opposite-end leaf device of the leaf device;
an establishing unit 41, configured to establish a mapping relationship between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI;
the first forwarding unit 42 is configured to, after receiving the multicast packet sent by the peer leaf device, forward the multicast packet based on the L3VNI carried in the multicast packet.
Optionally, when forwarding the multicast packet based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast packet, the first forwarding unit 42 is specifically configured to:
analyzing the multicast message, and determining an L3VNI carried in the multicast message header;
and determining a VPN example associated with the L3VNI based on the L3VNI, and forwarding the multicast message based on the VPN table look-up.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
the second receiving unit is used for receiving the multicast messages sent by other network equipment;
and the second forwarding unit is configured to send the multicast packet to the peer leaf device, so that the peer leaf device forwards the multicast packet based on the L3VNI carried in the multicast packet.
The above units may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods, for example: one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), or one or more microprocessors (DSPs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), among others. For another example, when one of the above units is implemented in the form of a Processing element scheduler code, the Processing element may be a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other processor capable of calling program code. For another example, these units may be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).
Further, in the controller provided in the embodiment of the present application, from a hardware level, a schematic diagram of a hardware architecture of the controller may be shown in fig. 5, where the controller may include: a memory 50 and a processor 51, which,
the memory 50 is used for storing program instructions; the processor 51 calls the program instructions stored in the memory 50 and executes the above-described embodiment of the method applied to the controller in accordance with the obtained program instructions. The specific implementation and technical effects are similar, and are not described herein again.
Optionally, the present application also provides a controller comprising at least one processing element (or chip) for performing the above-described method embodiments applied to the controller.
Optionally, the present application also provides a program product, such as a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform the above-described method embodiments applied to a controller.
Further, in the leaf device provided in the embodiment of the present application, from a hardware level, a schematic diagram of a hardware architecture of the leaf device may be shown in fig. 6, where the leaf device may include: a memory 60 and a processor 61, which,
the memory 60 is used to store program instructions; the processor 61 calls the program instructions stored in the memory 60 and executes the above-described embodiment of the method applied to the leaf device according to the obtained program instructions. The specific implementation and technical effects are similar, and are not described herein again.
Optionally, the present application also provides a leaf device, including at least one processing element (or chip) for executing the above method embodiment applied to the leaf device.
Optionally, the present application also provides a program product, such as a computer-readable storage medium, storing computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform the above-described method embodiments applied to a leaf device.
Here, a machine-readable storage medium may be any electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical storage device that can contain or store information such as executable instructions, data, and so forth. For example, the machine-readable storage medium may be: a RAM (random Access Memory), a volatile Memory, a non-volatile Memory, a flash Memory, a storage drive (e.g., a hard drive), a solid state drive, any type of storage disk (e.g., an optical disk, a dvd, etc.), or similar storage medium, or a combination thereof.
The systems, devices, modules or units illustrated in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product with certain functions. A typical implementation device is a computer, which may take the form of a personal computer, laptop computer, cellular telephone, camera phone, smart phone, personal digital assistant, media player, navigation device, email messaging device, game console, tablet computer, wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various units by function, and are described separately. Of course, the functionality of the units may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware when implementing the present application.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Furthermore, these computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A multicast message processing method, applied to a controller, the method comprising:
when detecting that a target AC access controller is accessed on a first leaf device, configuring a target VPN virtual private network instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI three-layer VXLAN identification corresponding to the target VPN instance for the first leaf device;
issuing a target VPN instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance to second leaf equipment, so that the second leaf equipment establishes a mapping relation between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI;
the first leaf device and the second leaf device are opposite-end devices, and after receiving a multicast message carrying a target L3VNI, the first leaf device sends the multicast message to the second leaf device, so that the second leaf device forwards the multicast message based on the target L3VNI lookup table.
2. A multicast message processing method, applied to a leaf device, the method comprising:
receiving a target VPN instance corresponding to a target AC issued by a controller and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance, wherein when the controller detects that one AC accesses one leaf device, the controller issues the accessed VPN instance corresponding to the AC and the L3VNI corresponding to the VPN instance to an opposite-end leaf device of the leaf device;
establishing a mapping relationship between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI;
and after receiving the multicast message sent by the leaf device at the opposite end, forwarding the multicast message based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast message.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein forwarding the multicast packet based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast packet comprises:
analyzing the multicast message, and determining an L3VNI carried by the multicast message;
and determining a VPN example associated with the L3VNI based on the L3VNI, and forwarding the multicast message based on the VPN example table lookup.
4. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a multicast message sent by external network equipment;
and sending the multicast message to the peer leaf device, so that the peer leaf device forwards the multicast message based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast message.
5. A multicast message processing apparatus, for use with a controller, the apparatus comprising:
a configuration unit, configured to configure, for a first leaf device, a target VPN virtual private network instance corresponding to a target AC and a target L3VNI three-layer VXLAN identifier corresponding to the target VPN instance when it is detected that a target AC access controller accesses the first leaf device;
an issuing unit, configured to issue, to a second leaf device, a target VPN instance corresponding to the target AC and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN instance, so that the second leaf device establishes a mapping relationship between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI;
the first leaf device and the second leaf device are opposite-end devices, and after receiving a multicast message carrying a target L3VNI, the first leaf device sends the multicast message to the second leaf device, so that the second leaf device forwards the multicast message based on the target L3VNI lookup table.
6. A multicast message processing apparatus, applied to a leaf device, the apparatus comprising:
the system comprises a first receiving unit, a second receiving unit and a third receiving unit, wherein the first receiving unit is used for receiving a target VPN example corresponding to a target AC issued by a controller and a target L3VNI corresponding to the target VPN example, and when the controller detects that one AC accesses one leaf device, the controller issues the accessed VPN example corresponding to the AC and the L3VNI corresponding to the VPN example to an opposite-end leaf device of the leaf device;
an establishing unit, configured to establish a mapping relationship between the target VPN instance and the target L3 VNI;
and the first forwarding unit is configured to forward the multicast packet based on an L3VNI carried by the multicast packet after receiving the multicast packet sent by the peer leaf device.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein when forwarding the multicast packet based on the L3VNI carried by the multicast packet, the first forwarding unit is specifically configured to:
analyzing the multicast message, and determining an L3VNI carried in the multicast message header;
and determining a VPN example associated with the L3VNI based on the L3VNI, and forwarding the multicast message based on the VPN table look-up.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 or 7, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
the second receiving unit is used for receiving the multicast messages sent by other network equipment;
and the second forwarding unit is configured to send the multicast packet to the peer leaf device, so that the peer leaf device forwards the multicast packet based on the L3VNI carried in the multicast packet.
9. A controller, comprising:
a memory and a processor communicatively coupled to each other, the memory having stored therein computer instructions, the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the method of claim 1.
10. A leaf device, comprising:
a memory and a processor communicatively coupled to each other, the memory having stored therein computer instructions, the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the method of any of claims 2-4.
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