CN113991203B - A recycling device for waste charged lithium batteries - Google Patents
A recycling device for waste charged lithium batteries Download PDFInfo
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- CN113991203B CN113991203B CN202111224219.6A CN202111224219A CN113991203B CN 113991203 B CN113991203 B CN 113991203B CN 202111224219 A CN202111224219 A CN 202111224219A CN 113991203 B CN113991203 B CN 113991203B
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011866 long-term treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及电池回收利用技术领域，公开了一种废旧带电锂电池的回收处理装置，包括相互连接的电解液处理单元和物料分离单元，电解液处理单元包括破碎机和与破碎机连接的烘干机；物料分离单元包括风量逐渐减小的第一分离系统、第二分离系统和第三分离系统，第二分离系统、第三分离系统均与第一分离系统连接。在对带电锂电池进行处理时，保护气体降低破碎机内部的氧气含量，同时带走锂电池的热量，使其不具备火灾或者爆炸的条件，隔绝破碎过程中的化学反应和摩擦生热的效果，保证锂电池处理安全，同时再利用烘干机使电解液蒸发和挥发，通过冷凝装置冷凝后可得到液态的电解液，而未冷凝气体可通过碱液喷淋装置进行处理，保护生态环境安全。
The present invention relates to the technical field of battery recycling, and discloses a recycling and processing device for waste charged lithium batteries, including an electrolyte processing unit and a material separation unit connected to each other, the electrolyte processing unit including a crusher and a dryer connected to the crusher; the material separation unit includes a first separation system, a second separation system and a third separation system with gradually decreasing air volume, and the second separation system and the third separation system are both connected to the first separation system. When the charged lithium battery is processed, the protective gas reduces the oxygen content inside the crusher, and at the same time takes away the heat of the lithium battery, so that it does not have the conditions for fire or explosion, isolates the chemical reaction and friction heat generation effect in the crushing process, ensures the safety of lithium battery processing, and at the same time utilizes the dryer to evaporate and volatilize the electrolyte, and obtains a liquid electrolyte after condensation by a condensation device, and the uncondensed gas can be processed by an alkali solution spraying device to protect the safety of the ecological environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery recycling, in particular to a recycling device for waste charged lithium batteries.
Background
According to the development and promotion of new energy electric vehicles worldwide, the new energy electric vehicles gradually replace oil energy consumption electric vehicles, so that the yield of the new energy electric vehicles is gradually increased, and upstream materials for manufacturing batteries are also scarce and very expensive. The waste batteries generated each year are basically grown gradually, and the waste batteries contain a large amount of metal materials, so that the recycling of the batteries is more important.
However, the battery is difficult to avoid polluting the environment in the recycling process, so the country has high requirements on the battery recycling, the recycling industry of the waste battery is still in a preliminary development stage at present, and the existing waste battery treatment is mainly aimed at the waste battery without electric quantity.
For a charged lithium battery, electrolyte is reserved in the lithium battery, the electrolyte is not properly treated and is easy to fire or explode, so that the safety is seriously affected, and meanwhile, the environment is easily polluted due to leakage of the electrolyte, so that the ecological environment is seriously damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a recovery processing device for waste charged lithium batteries, which aims to solve the problems that the safety is affected and the ecological environment is damaged when electrolyte is not processed during the recovery processing of the charged lithium batteries in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a recovery processing device of waste charged lithium batteries, which comprises an electrolyte processing unit and a material separation unit which are connected with each other, wherein the electrolyte processing unit comprises a crusher and a dryer connected with the crusher, the crusher is also connected with a protective gas unit, the dryer is connected with a first tail gas processing system, and the first tail gas processing system comprises a condensing device and an alkali liquor spraying device;
the material separation unit comprises a first separation system, a second separation system and a third separation system, wherein the air quantity of the first separation system is gradually reduced, the second separation system and the third separation system are connected with the first separation system, the first separation system comprises a separator, a magnetic separator connected with the separator and a first negative pressure material pumping system connected with the magnetic separator, the separator is connected with the dryer, and the magnetic separator is used for separating magnetic metal materials in materials;
the second separation system comprises a separator, a second negative pressure material pumping system and a diaphragm processing unit which are sequentially connected, the separator is connected with the first negative pressure material pumping system, and the diaphragm processing unit is connected with the second negative pressure material pumping system;
The third separation system comprises a third negative pressure material pumping system and a screening unit connected with the third negative pressure material pumping system, and the screening unit is used for separating nonmagnetic metal materials in materials.
Preferably, the shielding gas unit comprises a nitrogen making device, which is connected to the crusher.
Preferably, the dryer is a hollow blade industrial dryer, and the hollow blade industrial dryer is also connected with a pneumatic flap valve.
Preferably, the crusher and the dryer are arranged in parallel in two groups, and the two groups of the dryers are connected with the first separation system.
Preferably, the first separation system further comprises an eddy current bulk feeder connected between the magnetic separator and the first negative pressure material extraction system.
Preferably, the diaphragm treatment unit comprises a screw conveyer, a round roller screen and a dry friction cleaning machine which are sequentially connected, wherein the screw conveyer is connected with the second negative pressure pumping system, and the discharge end of the dry friction cleaning machine is connected with a screw type volume reducer through the screw conveyer.
Preferably, the membrane processing unit further comprises a membrane dust removal system, wherein the membrane dust removal system comprises a pulse bag-type dust remover and a dust exhaust fan connected with the pulse bag-type dust remover, and the bag-type dust remover is connected with the first negative pressure material extraction system.
Preferably, the screening unit comprises a storage bin, a vibrating screening machine connected with the storage bin and a gravity separation system connected with the vibrating screening machine, and a low-temperature cracking device is further connected between the storage bin and the first negative pressure pumping system.
Preferably, the low-temperature cracking device is further connected with a steam generator and a circulating water tank, the steam generator is further connected with a second tail gas treatment system, and the low-temperature cracking device is connected with the second tail gas treatment system.
Preferably, the vibrating screen graders are two groups, and a fine crusher is further connected between the two groups of vibrating screen graders.
Compared with the prior art, the recycling device for the waste charged lithium batteries has the advantages that the electrolyte treatment unit is arranged at the front side of the material separation unit, the electrolyte treatment unit is formed by the crusher and the dryer, when the charged lithium batteries are treated, the charged lithium batteries are crushed by the crusher, the protective gas unit is arranged on the crusher, the oxygen content in the crusher is reduced by the protective gas, meanwhile, the heat of the lithium batteries can be taken away by the protective gas, the heat of the lithium batteries does not have fire or explosion conditions, the effects of chemical reaction and frictional heat generation in the crushing process are isolated, the lithium battery treatment safety is ensured, meanwhile, the electrolyte is evaporated and volatilized by the dryer, liquid electrolyte can be obtained after being condensed by the condensing device of the first tail gas treatment system, the uncondensed gas can be treated by the alkali liquor spraying device, the ecological environment safety is protected, the crushed lithium batteries are respectively screened and separated by the material separation unit, and the recycling of various materials is completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a recovery processing device for waste charged lithium batteries of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the disposal device for recycling waste charged lithium batteries of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a diaphragm treatment unit of the recovery treatment device of the waste charged lithium battery of fig. 1;
In the figure, 1, a belt conveyor; 2, a transition bin; 3, a crusher; 4, screw conveyor, 5, dryer, 6, pneumatic flap valve, 7, buried scraper conveyor, 8, shut-off machine, 9, sorter, 10, belt conveyor, 11, magnetic separator, 12, vortex bulk conveyor, 13, first negative pressure suction system, 14, sorter, 15, second negative pressure suction system, 16, screw conveyor, 17, round roller sieve, 18, dry friction cleaning machine, 19, screw conveyor, 20, screw type volume reducer, 21, buried scraper conveyor, 22, buried scraper conveyor, 23, third negative pressure suction system, 24, buried scraper conveyor, 25, shut-off machine, 26, low temperature cracking device, 27, buried plate conveyor, 28, storage bin, 29, shut-off machine, 30, buried plate conveyor, 31, vibration screening machine, 32, shut-off machine, 33, fine crusher, 34, vibration screening machine, 35, buried plate conveyor, 36, fan, 37, gravity separation system, 38, pulse cloth bag, 39, dust removing hopper, 40, cyclone dust collecting device, 41, water tank, 43, 45, water tank, 46, water tank, water collecting device, dust collecting device, and water tank, 50.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
According to the preferred embodiment of the recovery processing device for the waste charged lithium batteries, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the recovery processing device for the waste charged lithium batteries comprises an electrolyte processing unit and a material separation unit which are connected with each other, wherein the electrolyte processing unit is used for processing electrolyte of the charged lithium batteries, the recovery processing safety of the lithium batteries is ensured, and the material separation unit is used for respectively screening materials in the lithium batteries, wherein the materials comprise iron, lugs, diaphragms, copper, aluminum, black powder and the like.
The electrolyte treatment unit comprises a crusher 3 and a dryer 5 connected with the crusher 3, wherein the crusher 3 is also connected with a protective gas unit, the dryer 5 is connected with a first tail gas treatment system 47, and the first tail gas treatment system 47 comprises a condensing device 49 and an alkali liquor spraying device 50. The breaker 3 can break the lithium cell, and the protection gas unit carries protection gas to breaker 3 in, and protection gas can reduce the inside oxygen content of breaker 3, also can utilize protection gas to take away the heat of lithium cell simultaneously, makes it not possess conflagration or explosive condition, and the effect of isolated broken in-process chemical reaction and friction heat generation guarantees lithium cell treatment safety, and aluminium also can not oxidize under the protection gas simultaneously.
In this embodiment, the crusher 3 is a heavy crusher, the heavy crusher is connected with the dryer 5 through the screw conveyor 4, the screw conveyor 4 conveys the crushed lithium battery to the dryer 5, and the charged lithium battery can be a square battery, a soft package battery and a cylindrical battery. The feeding port of the crusher 3 is connected with a conveying belt and a transition bin 2, the conveying belt conveys waste charged lithium batteries to the transition bin 2, and the charged lithium batteries in the transition bin 2 enter the crusher 3 after being buffered.
The dryer 5 can evaporate and volatilize the electrolyte, the evaporated and volatilized electrolyte enters the first tail gas treatment system 47, the condensing device 49 of the first tail gas treatment system 47 can obtain liquid electrolyte after condensation, and uncondensed gas can be treated by the alkali liquor spraying device 50, so that the ecological environment is protected.
In this embodiment, the dryer 5 is a hollow blade industrial dryer 5, and the hollow blade industrial dryer 5 is connected with a pneumatic flap valve 6, and the pneumatic flap valve 6 is used for switching the output end of the dryer 5, so that the dried battery crushed aggregates enter a subsequent material separation unit.
The material separation unit comprises a first separation system, a second separation system and a third separation system, the air quantity of which is gradually reduced, and the second separation system and the third separation system are connected with the first separation system. The air quantity of the first separation system, the second separation system and the third separation system is gradually reduced, and objects with different masses can be separated in sequence, so that different materials are separated.
The first separation system comprises a separator 9, a magnetic separator 11 connected with the separator 9 and a first negative pressure pumping system 13 connected with the magnetic separator 11, wherein the separator 9 is connected with the dryer 5 through the buried scraper conveyor 7, and the magnetic separator 11 is used for separating magnetic metal materials in materials.
The first negative pressure material drawing system 13 provides power for the movement of the scraps, so that the scraps pass through the separator 9, and the air quantity of the first separation system can be controlled. The separator 9 is connected with the dryer 5 through a buried scraper conveyor 7, and a discharge end of the buried scraper conveyor 7 is provided with a related fan 8. The classifier 9 may classify the crushed lithium battery waste, in this embodiment the classifier 9 is a zigzag classifier.
The separator 9 of the independent first separation system can separate the articles with the largest quality in the battery scraps, including aluminum, iron shells, lugs and the like, so that excessive abrasion of the screen cutter bodies of the subsequent crusher 3 is prevented, and crushing and winnowing are facilitated. The magnetic separator 11 can further sort and process the chips with larger weight by magnetically adsorbing the magnetic iron materials. To the magnetic separator 11, a belt conveyor 10 is connected to transport the iron to a designated storage location.
The second separation system and the third separation system are connected with the first separation system, and the second separation system and the first separation system can be used for respectively screening different materials, so that the separation efficiency is improved.
The second separation system comprises a separator 14, a second negative pressure pumping system 15 and a diaphragm processing unit which are sequentially connected, the separator 14 is connected with the first negative pressure pumping system 13, and the diaphragm processing unit is connected with the second negative pressure pumping system 15. Since the membrane is heavier than copper, aluminum and black powder, it can be separated first by the second separation system.
The classifier 14 is a zigzag classifier that can perform a complementary screening of the material separated by the first separation system to separate the membrane from the material. The diaphragm treatment unit can further treat the separated diaphragms to achieve the condition of packing and transportation. The second negative pressure pumping system 15 can provide power for the transmission of the diaphragm in the second separation system, and adjust the air volume of the first separation system.
The third separation system comprises a third negative pressure pumping system 23 and a screening unit connected with the third negative pressure pumping system 23, wherein the screening unit is used for separating nonmagnetic metal materials in the materials. The third negative pressure material pumping system 23 is connected with the first negative pressure material pumping system 13 through a buried scraper conveyor 24 so as to convey materials.
The screening unit can select existing copper, aluminum and black powder screening devices, and aims to screen and recycle materials with large weight and scraps behind the diaphragm respectively. The third negative pressure material pumping system 23 can provide power for conveying the scraps and adjust the air quantity of the third separation system.
Preferably, the shielding gas unit comprises a nitrogen making device 46, the nitrogen making device 46 being connected to the crusher 3. The nitrogen making device 46 can generate nitrogen operation protective gas, meanwhile, the nitrogen making device 46 can also generate liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen flows at a high speed to process the crushing of the whole lithium battery, the liquid nitrogen is filled into the inside of the box body in the crusher 3 in the crushing process, the oxygen content in the box body is reduced, the heating value of the box body when the lithium battery is crushed is reduced, the condition of fire or explosion is not met, the whole square, soft-package battery and the cylindrical battery are crushed in a low-temperature and inert gas mode, and the chemical reaction and the friction heat generation effect in the crushing process are isolated.
Preferably, the dryer 5 is a hollow blade industrial dryer, and a pneumatic flap valve 6 is also connected to the hollow blade industrial dryer. The hollow night job dryer 5 uses high-pressure steam as a heat source and has a frequency conversion function, and the pneumatic flap valve 6 can control the on-off of the dryer 5, so that the dried chips are discharged to the material separation unit from the dryer 5.
The electrolyte is treated in a drying mode, and the battery fragments which are crushed by stirring are dried in a high-pressure steam mode, so that the electrolyte is convenient to dry, and the evaporated and volatilized electrolyte is conveniently carried out to the first tail gas treatment system 47 by using the high-pressure steam.
Preferably, both the crusher 3 and the dryer 5 are arranged in parallel with two groups, both sets of dryers 5 being connected to the first separation system.
The crushers 3 are connected with the dryers 5 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the two groups of crushers 3 and the two groups of dryers 5 are arranged in parallel. Namely, each electrolyte processing unit comprises two parallel processing lines, the two processing lines can reduce the quantity of the charged lithium batteries processed by each group of crushers 3 and dryers 5, and the quantity of the processed charged lithium batteries is reduced more safely and more stably due to the danger of rough crushing and drying of the charged lithium batteries, and the time and temperature of drying materials can be ensured.
Preferably, the first separation system further comprises a vortex bulk machine 12, the vortex bulk machine 12 being connected between the magnetic separator 11 and the first negative pressure suction system 13.
After the magnetic separator 11 screens out the iron materials, the first separation system separates out the materials with larger weight, so that excessive abrasion of the screen cutter body of the subsequent crusher can be prevented, and crushing and winnowing are facilitated. The rest materials enter the vortex three materials and the vortex bulk cargo machine 12 can knead and strip the materials, so that the subsequent second separation system is favorable for separating the diaphragms.
Preferably, the diaphragm treatment unit comprises a screw conveyor 16, a round roller screen 17 and a dry friction washer 18 which are sequentially connected, wherein the screw conveyor 16 is connected with the second negative pressure pumping system 15, and the discharge end of the dry friction washer 18 is connected with a screw type volume reducer 20 through a screw conveyor 19.
The screw conveyor 16 is used for conveying materials containing the diaphragm, and the round roller screen 17 can screen materials except the diaphragm to remove impurities from the diaphragm. The bottom of the round roller screen 17 is also connected with two buried scraper conveyors, one buried scraper conveyor 21 is horizontally arranged, the other buried scraper conveyor 22 is obliquely arranged, the obliquely arranged buried scraper conveyor 22 conveys the rest materials to the separator 14, and the third separation system is convenient to continue classifying and screening the materials, so that the separation effect of the materials is improved.
The dry friction washer 18 can be used for carrying out powder removal treatment on the diaphragm, then the diaphragm is extruded into a material in a lump by a extruding machine, and the material is conveyed into the screw type volume reducer 20 by the screw conveyor 19 to be packaged, so that the packaging and the transportation are convenient.
Preferably, the membrane treatment unit further comprises a membrane dust removal system, wherein the membrane dust removal system comprises a pulse bag-type dust remover 38 and a dust exhaust fan 39 connected with the pulse bag-type dust remover 38, and the pulse bag-type dust remover 38 is connected with the first negative pressure material pumping system 13.
The dust exhaust fan 39 can form negative pressure to pump the waste gas in the diaphragm treatment unit into the bag-type dust remover, and the bag-type dust remover filters the waste gas generated by the diaphragm treatment to avoid polluting the ecological environment.
Preferably, the screening unit comprises a storage bin 28, a vibratory screening machine 31 connected with the storage bin 28 and a gravity separation system 37 connected with the vibratory screening machine 34, and a low-temperature cracking device 26 is further connected between the storage bin 28 and the first negative pressure pumping system 13.
The storage bin 28 is connected with the vibration screening machine 31 through the buried plate type conveyor 30, the storage bin 28 is connected with the low-temperature cracking device 26 through the buried plate type conveyor 27, the low-temperature cracking device 26 is connected with the first negative pressure material pumping system 13 through the buried scraping type conveyor 24, the input end of the low-temperature cracking device 26 is provided with the relevant fan 25, the output end of the storage bin 28 is provided with the relevant fan 29, and the conveying speed of materials can be controlled by utilizing the relevant fan 25 and the relevant fan 29.
The low-temperature cracking device 26 can perform low-temperature cracking treatment on all materials to be separated at first, the temperature of the materials is easy to control under the nitrogen atmosphere, and aluminum cannot be oxidized. The storage bin 28 is used for temporarily storing the materials to be screened, the vibrating screening machine 31 can disperse the materials through vibration, the vibrating screen is used for screening the black powder, and the gravity separation system 37 can be used for separating copper and aluminum through gravity.
Preferably, the low-temperature cracking device 26 is also connected with a steam generator and a circulating water tank 43, and the steam generator is also connected with a second tail gas treatment system 48, and the low-temperature cracking device 26 is connected with the second tail gas treatment system 48.
The circulating water tank 43 can cool the main bearing, and the steam generator can reasonably utilize the energy generated by the low-temperature cracking device 26, so that the energy is saved. The low temperature understanding device and the steam generator are both connected with the second long-term treatment system, and the discharged waste gas can be purified through the second tail gas treatment system 48 to prevent damage to the ecological environment.
The second tail gas treatment system 48 comprises a cyclone collecting hopper 40, a pulse bag-type dust collector 41 and a fan 42 which are sequentially connected, wherein the cyclone collecting hopper 40 is used for collecting waste gas, the pulse bag-type dust collector 41 is used for filtering tail gas to eliminate polluted gas, and the fan 42 is used for generating negative pressure to power gas flow.
Preferably, there are two sets of vibratory screening machines, and a fine breaker 33 is also connected between the two sets of vibratory screening machines.
The inlet end of the fine crusher 33 is provided with the relevant fan 32, the fine crusher 33 is arranged between the vibration screening machine 31 and the vibration screening machine 34, the fine crusher 33 can crush scattered materials, stripping of positive electrode powder can be fully ensured through vibration, crushing and re-vibration modes, the recovery rate of black powder is improved, and the black powder can be selected by the vibration screening machine 34. The vibration screening machine 34 is connected with the gravity separation system 37 through a buried plate type conveyor 35, and a shut-off fan 36 is arranged at the inlet end of the gravity separation system to assist in discharging.
Preferably, the recovery processing device of the waste charged lithium battery further comprises a control system 45 and a fireproof sound-insulating board room 44, wherein the diaphragm processing units are arranged in the fireproof sound-insulating board room 44, and the fireproof sound-insulating board room 44 is utilized to reduce noise, prevent fire and improve the safety of diaphragm processing. The control system 45 controls the normal operation of the whole recovery processing device, has high automation degree, and can be basically used for a long time after being basically debugged once.
The working process of the recovery processing device of the waste charged lithium battery comprises the following steps:
When carrying out recovery processing to electrified lithium battery, control system 45 controls whole recovery processing device work, electrified lithium battery is carried by band conveyer 1 and carries out temporary storage in transition storehouse 2, the lithium battery in the transition storehouse 2 falls into two crushers 3, crusher 3 breaks the lithium battery, nitrogen making device 46 inputs liquid nitrogen to crusher 3 in the same time, handle the breakage of whole lithium battery, reduce the oxygen content in crusher 3, reduce the calorific capacity of tearing the lithium battery simultaneously, the isolated chemical reaction and the friction heat generation in crushing process.
The crushed materials of the crusher 3 are conveyed into a dryer 5 through a screw conveyor 4, the dryer 5 adopts a high-pressure steam normal form to dry electrolyte in the materials, so that the electrolyte is evaporated and volatilized, the volatilized electrolyte is condensed through a condensing device 49 of a first tail gas treatment system 47, water vapor is separated to obtain liquid electrolyte, uncondensed gas is sprayed with alkali liquid through an alkali liquid spraying device 50, and the environment is prevented from being polluted after the electrolyte is discharged.
The materials after the electrolyte is eliminated are conveyed to the separator 9 by the buried scraper conveyor 7, and the separator 9 screens the materials under the air quantity action of the first negative pressure material pumping system 13, so that the materials with the largest mass such as iron shells, lugs, large aluminum blocks and the like are separated out first, excessive abrasion of the screen cutter body of the follow-up crusher is prevented, and crushing and winnowing are facilitated. The screened material is transferred to a magnetic separator 11, and ferrous materials are magnetically screened out and transferred to a designated location by a belt conveyor 10. Other materials pass through the vortex bulk cargo machine 12, and the vortex bulk cargo machine 12 carries out kneading stripping on the materials, thereby facilitating diaphragm winnowing.
And the separation is carried out under the air quantity action of the second negative pressure material pumping system 15 and the third negative pressure material pumping system 23, the second negative pressure material pumping system 15 separates out a diaphragm, and the third negative pressure material pumping system 23 separates out copper, aluminum and black powder.
The materials containing the diaphragm enter the separator 14 under the action of the second negative pressure pumping system 15, the separator 14 screens the diaphragm and sends the materials to the round roller screen 17 through the spiral conveyor 16, the round roller screen 17 can screen the materials except the diaphragm, and the rest materials are sent back to the separator 14 through the buried scraping conveyor 21 and the buried scraping conveyor 22 for subsequent separation.
The membrane screened by the round roller screen 17 enters a dry friction cleaning machine 18, the dry friction cleaning machine 18 carries out powder removal treatment on the membrane, then the membrane is extruded into a material in a ball shape through an extruder, and the material is conveyed into a screw type volume reducer 20 through a screw conveyor 19, so that the membrane is convenient for large bags and transportation.
The exhaust gas discharged by the diaphragm treatment unit is sucked into the pulse cloth bag dust collector 38 under the action of the dust discharge fan 39, and the pulse cloth bag dust collector 38 cleans the exhaust gas to prevent the ecological environment from being polluted.
The third negative pressure pumping system 23 separates materials containing copper, aluminum and black powder, the materials are conveyed to the low-temperature cracking device 26 by the buried scraper conveyor 24, a shut-off fan 32 at the inlet of the low-temperature cracking device 26 is started to enable the materials to enter, the temperature of the materials is easy to control under the nitrogen atmosphere, and the aluminum cannot be oxidized.
The material after pyrolysis of low temperature pyrolysis device 26 is carried to storage silo 28 by burying scraping conveyor 24, and the close fan 29 of storage silo 28 bottom is opened, and the material is carried vibration screening machine 31, fine breaker 33 and vibration screening machine 34 by burying board-like conveyer 30 in proper order, and vibration screening machine 31 carries out vibration dispersion to the material, and fine breaker 33 can fully guarantee the peeling off of positive pole powder simultaneously, improves the rate of recovery of black powder, and the black powder can be selected to reuse vibration screening machine 34. The material after vibration screening is conveyed to a gravity separation system 37 through a buried plate type conveyor 35, and the gravity separation system 37 separates copper and aluminum through gravity winnowing.
The waste gas of the low-temperature cracking device 26 and the third separation system is conveyed to a cyclone collecting hopper 40 and a pulse bag dust collector 41 in a second tail gas treatment system 48 under the action of a fan 42, and the waste gas is subjected to dust removal treatment, so that the ecological environment is prevented from being polluted.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a recovery processing device for waste charged lithium batteries, the front side of a material separation unit is provided with an electrolyte processing unit, the electrolyte processing unit is formed by a crusher and a dryer, when the charged lithium batteries are processed, the charged lithium batteries are crushed by the crusher, as a protective gas unit is arranged on the crusher, the oxygen content in the crusher is reduced by the protective gas, meanwhile, the heat of the lithium batteries can be taken away by the protective gas, so that the lithium batteries do not have fire or explosion conditions, the effects of chemical reaction and frictional heat generation in the crushing process are isolated, the lithium battery processing safety is ensured, meanwhile, the dryer is utilized to evaporate and volatilize the electrolyte, liquid electrolyte can be obtained after condensation by a condensing device of a first tail gas processing system, the uncondensed gas can be processed by an alkali liquor spraying device, the ecological environment is protected, the crushed lithium batteries are respectively screened and separated by the material separation unit, the recovery of various materials is completed, and the contents of the various materials are better extracted through repeated negative pressure pumping and separation of a diaphragm and the materials.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
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