CN113982274A - Fulcrum setting method of cast-in-place concrete support structure - Google Patents
Fulcrum setting method of cast-in-place concrete support structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113982274A CN113982274A CN202111400119.4A CN202111400119A CN113982274A CN 113982274 A CN113982274 A CN 113982274A CN 202111400119 A CN202111400119 A CN 202111400119A CN 113982274 A CN113982274 A CN 113982274A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G25/00—Shores or struts; Chocks
- E04G25/02—Shores or struts; Chocks non-telescopic
Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a fulcrum setting method of a cast-in-place concrete support structure, which solves the problem of cost waste caused by the fact that a supporting structure cannot be uniformly loaded by an existing fulcrum selecting method. A method for setting a pivot of a cast-in-place concrete support structure is realized by adopting the following steps: s1: determining an effective section of concrete to be poured; s2: setting a fulcrum position initially; s3: and (4) adjusting the position of the fulcrum. According to the invention, by adjusting the transverse position of the support upright, the problems of high construction cost and poor safety performance caused by uneven load of each support upright in the conventional technology are solved; meanwhile, the problem that the selection of the vertical rod fulcrum position in the conventional technology needs complicated calculation is solved by corresponding the adjustment of the vertical rod fulcrum position to the supported concrete section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fulcrum setting method for constructional engineering, in particular to a fulcrum setting method for a cast-in-place concrete support structure.
Background
In the construction of cast-in-place concrete supports, a temporary support consisting of longitudinal beams, transverse beams and vertical rods is required to be used for supporting concrete load. The support is generally designed by a construction unit, and is listed as an auxiliary measure in construction cost. The setting of pole setting position is very important design link, and the pole setting is as the biggest load-bearing member piece of vertical load, and its structure size and the basic size of lower part are directly influenced to the load that bears, if the pole setting bears the load unevenly, must bring the waste of cost. At present, when the position of the upright is set, an equal-area load method or an equal-load distribution method can be adopted for fulcrum selection.
However, practice shows that the existing fulcrum selection method has the following problems in application: firstly, although the operation is simple when the equal-area load method is adopted, the discreteness of the load borne by the fulcrum is large, and the supporting structure cannot uniformly bear the load; secondly, when an equal load distribution method is adopted, non-uniform loads need to be converted into uniform loads, then the positions of all supporting points are solved by a complex calculation process, but the discreteness of the loads borne by the supporting points still reaches 4%, and the supporting structure can not uniformly bear the loads. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a pivot setting method for a cast-in-place concrete support structure, which can quickly select the positions of the support pivots to ensure that the bearing capacities of the pivots are the same, and can promote the development of temporary structure design and construction technology while greatly reducing the manufacturing cost of the cast-in-place concrete support.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fulcrum setting method of a cast-in-place concrete support structure, aiming at solving the problem of cost waste caused by the fact that a support structure cannot be uniformly loaded by an existing fulcrum selecting method.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for setting a pivot of a cast-in-place concrete support structure is realized by adopting the following steps:
s1: determining the effective section of the concrete to be poured:
the effective section of the concrete to be poured is determined by an equal-area conversion method, and the method is realized by adopting the following steps: firstly, drawing a horizontal bottom edge by using drawing software, wherein the length of the bottom edge is matched with the length of the cross section of the concrete to be poured along the transverse direction; drawing an upper edge right above the bottom edge, so that the vertical distance between the upper edge and the bottom edge is matched with the effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured; the effective height of the concrete section to be poured is the difference value between the actually measured height of the concrete section to be poured along the vertical direction and the height of the hollow part; then, connecting the two ends of the upper edge and the two ends of the bottom edge correspondingly; thereby obtaining the effective section of the concrete to be cast;
s2: setting the position of a fulcrum:
the supporting points are transversely distributed on the effective section of the concrete to be poured, the number of the supporting points is N, and N is 2, 3 or 4;
when the position of a fulcrum is initially set, firstly, equally dividing an effective section of concrete to be poured into N section units which are distributed along the transverse direction and have equal areas through drawing software; secondly, obtaining the centroid position of each section unit through drawing software, and correspondingly arranging N fulcrums on the vertical lines of the N centroids;
s3: adjustment of the position of the fulcrum:
when N is 2, the position of the fulcrum is not adjusted; when N is 3 or 4, the adjustment of the fulcrum position is realized by adopting the following steps:
s3.1: the N plumb lines with the centroids divide the effective section of the concrete to be poured into N +1 sub-sections which are distributed along the transverse direction; respectively calculating the areas of the N +1 sub-sections through drawing software;
s3.2: adjustment of the position of the fulcrum:
(1) when the effective heights of the sections of the concrete to be poured are equal, the upper edges of the effective sections of the concrete to be poured are straight lines parallel to the bottom edges, and the distance between the upper edges and the bottom edges is the effective height h of the sections of the concrete to be poured;
when N is 3 and the effective height of the concrete section to be cast is equal, moving the first pivot on the left side to the left by a distance X1The second fulcrum does not move, and the third fulcrum moves rightwards by a distance X1，X1Calculated by formula (1);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side; a. the2Is the area of the second subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the three fulcrums;
moving the first pivot on the left side to the left by a distance X when N is 4 and the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast is equal2Second fulcrum moving rightward by distance X3The third fulcrum is moved leftwards by a distance X3Fourth fulcrum moving rightward by distance X2，X2、X3Respectively calculating by formula (2) and formula (3);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side; a. the2Is the area of the second subdivision; a. the3Is the area of the third subdivision; a. the4Is the area at the fourth subdivision; a. the5Is as followsThe area of the five sub-sections;
thereby determining the positions of the four fulcrums;
(2) when the effective heights of the sections of the concrete to be poured are not equal everywhere, the upper edge of the effective section of the concrete to be poured is composed of a plurality of line segments with different slopes, and the intersection point between every two adjacent line segments is an upper inflection point;
when N is 3 and the effective heights of the concrete sections to be poured are not equal everywhere, moving the first fulcrum on the left side to the left by a distance X4The second fulcrum does not move, and the third fulcrum moves rightwards by a distance X4，X4Calculated by equation (4);
in the formula, h1The effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side; h is2The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum; l is the distance between the adjacent turning point on the left side of the first fulcrum and the first fulcrum along the transverse direction; m is calculated by formula (5);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side, A2Is the area of the second subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the three fulcrums;
and when N is 4 and the effective heights of the sections of the concrete to be cast are not equal everywhere, the adjustment of the positions of the fulcrums is realized by adopting the following steps:
a. adjusting the positions of the first fulcrum and the fourth fulcrum: the first pivot point positioned on the left side is moved leftwards by a distance X5Fourth fulcrum moving rightward by distance X5，X5Calculated by equation (6);
in the formula, h1The effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side; h is2The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum; l is the distance between the adjacent turning point on the left side of the first fulcrum and the first fulcrum along the transverse direction; n is calculated by formula (7);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side, A2Is the area of the second subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the first fulcrum and the fourth fulcrum;
b. adjusting the positions of a second fulcrum and a third fulcrum:
the plumb line with the second pivot and the plumb line with the third pivot divide the upper side of the effective section of the concrete to be poured into a left section, a middle section and a right section;
when the middle section of the upper edge is a horizontal line parallel to the bottom edge, the second fulcrum is moved rightwards by a distance X6The third fulcrum is moved leftwards by a distance X6，X6Calculated by equation (8);
in the formula, A2Is the area of the second subdivision, A3Is the area of the third subdivision;
when the middle section of the upper edge is not a horizontal line parallel to the bottom edge, the second fulcrum is moved rightward by a distance X7The third fulcrum is moved leftwards by a distance X7，X7Calculated by equation (9);
in the formula, h3The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the second branch point is determined; h is4The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the right side of the second fulcrum is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the right side of the second fulcrum; s is the distance between the adjacent turning point on the right side of the second fulcrum and the second fulcrum along the transverse direction; r is calculated by the formula (10);
in the formula, A2Is the area of the second subdivision, A3Is the area of the third subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the second pivot and the third pivot.
Further, the medium area conversion method in step S1 is implemented by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: drawing a horizontal bottom edge under the cross-sectional view of the concrete to be poured by using drawing software;
step two: finding each inflection point of a boundary line of the section of the concrete to be poured, wherein the boundary line comprises an outer boundary line representing the outer surface of the section of the concrete to be poured and a boundary line between the section of the concrete to be poured and a hollow part of the section of the concrete to be poured;
step three: drawing effective height lines of concrete at each inflection point, wherein when a hollow section exists at the inflection point, the effective height lines of the concrete at the inflection point comprise a concrete height line positioned above the hollow section and a concrete height line positioned below the hollow section;
step four: vertically translating the effective height line of the concrete at each inflection point to a corresponding position of the bottom edge; when the hollow section exists at the inflection point, the effective height line of the concrete at the inflection point is the superposition of the concrete height line above the hollow section and the concrete height line below the hollow section;
step five: sequentially connecting the upper end points of the effective height lines of the concrete at each inflection point from left to right, thereby obtaining the upper edge of the effective section of the concrete to be poured;
step six: and correspondingly connecting the two ends of the upper edge and the two ends of the bottom edge, and removing the effective height lines of the concrete, thereby obtaining the effective section of the concrete to be poured.
Further, the drawing software is Auto CAD software; the division of the effective section of the concrete to be cast and the acquisition of the centroid position of each section unit in step S2 are both achieved by using a msteel structure toolbox.
The invention designs a brand-new pivot setting method of a cast-in-place concrete support structure, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, by adjusting the transverse position of the support upright, the problems of high construction cost and poor safety performance caused by uneven load of each support upright in the conventional technology are solved.
(2) The invention makes the adjustment of the position of the upright stanchion fulcrum correspond to the section of the supported concrete, and solves the problem that the selection of the position of the upright stanchion fulcrum in the conventional technology needs complicated calculation.
(3) By adopting the method designed by the invention, the loads borne by each pivot are basically the same on the cross section of the bracket, so that the stand column, the base material and the specification are convenient to unify, and the construction cost can be obviously reduced.
(4) The method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, does not need complicated structural calculation, has strong practicability, reduces the labor intensity of engineering technicians, and is suitable for the fulcrum arrangement of the support structure of the concrete structure with a symmetrical structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a reference diagram of the initial positions of two supporting points when the effective height of the section of concrete to be poured is equal everywhere in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a reference diagram of the initial positions of three supporting points when the effective height of the concrete section to be poured is equal everywhere in the invention;
FIG. 3 is a reference diagram of the initial positions of four supporting points when the effective height of the concrete section to be poured is equal everywhere in the invention;
FIG. 4 is a reference diagram of the initial positions of two supporting points when the effective heights of the concrete section to be poured are not equal everywhere in the invention;
FIG. 5 is a reference diagram of the initial positions of three supporting points when the effective heights of the concrete section to be poured are not equal everywhere in the invention;
FIG. 6 is a reference diagram of the initial positions of four supporting points when the effective heights of the concrete section to be poured are not equal everywhere in the invention;
FIG. 7 is a reference diagram of the adjustment positions of three supporting points when the effective height of the concrete section to be poured is equal everywhere in the invention;
FIG. 8 is a reference diagram of the adjustment positions of four supporting points when the effective height of the concrete section to be poured is equal everywhere in the invention;
FIG. 9 is a parameter diagram of the adjustment calculation of three supporting points when the effective height of the concrete section to be poured is not equal everywhere in the invention;
FIG. 10 is a reference diagram of the adjustment positions of three supporting points when the effective heights of the concrete section to be poured are not equal everywhere in the invention;
FIG. 11 is a parameter diagram of the adjustment calculation of four supporting points when the effective height of the concrete section to be poured is not equal everywhere in the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a reference diagram of the adjustment positions of four supporting points when the effective heights of the concrete section to be poured are not equal everywhere and the middle section of the upper edge is horizontal;
FIG. 13 is a reference diagram of the adjustment positions of four supporting points when the effective heights of the concrete sections to be poured are not equal everywhere and the upper middle section is not horizontal;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a box girder in embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of concrete height lines in step three of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic connection diagram of the upper side of the effective cross section of concrete to be cast mixed in step five of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of an effective cross section of concrete to be cast mixed in step five of example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of a simply supported beam in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a view showing a fulcrum R of a simply supported beam in embodiment 2 of the present inventionBA schematic structural diagram of (a);
FIG. 20 is a view showing a fulcrum R of a simply supported beam in embodiment 2 of the present inventionBCross-sectional parameter maps of (a);
FIG. 21 is a view showing a fulcrum R of a simply supported beam in embodiment 2 of the present inventionBA layout when three supporting points are arranged;
FIG. 22 is a view showing a fulcrum R of a simply supported beam in embodiment 2 of the present inventionBThe layout of the four supporting points is shown.
In the figure, 101-the centroid of the first section unit, 102-the centroid of the second section unit, 103-the centroid of the third section unit, 104-the centroid of the fourth section unit, 201-the first sectioning plane, 202-the second sectioning plane, 203-the third sectioning plane, 204-the fourth sectioning plane, 205-the fifth sectioning plane, 301-the initial position of the first fulcrum, 302-the initial position of the second fulcrum, 303-the initial position of the third fulcrum, 304-the initial position of the fourth fulcrum, 401-the adjusted position of the first fulcrum, 402-the adjusted position of the second fulcrum, 403-the adjusted position of the third fulcrum, 404-the adjusted position of the fourth fulcrum.
Detailed Description
A method for setting a pivot of a cast-in-place concrete support structure is realized by adopting the following steps:
s1: determining the effective section of the concrete to be poured:
the effective section of the concrete to be poured is determined by an equal-area conversion method, and the method is realized by adopting the following steps: firstly, drawing a horizontal bottom edge by using drawing software, wherein the length of the bottom edge is matched with the length of the cross section of the concrete to be poured along the transverse direction; drawing an upper edge right above the bottom edge, so that the vertical distance between the upper edge and the bottom edge is matched with the effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured; the effective height of the concrete section to be poured is the difference value between the actually measured height of the concrete section to be poured along the vertical direction and the height of the hollow part; then, connecting the two ends of the upper edge and the two ends of the bottom edge correspondingly; thereby obtaining the effective section of the concrete to be cast;
s2: setting the position of a fulcrum:
the supporting points are transversely distributed on the effective section of the concrete to be poured, the number of the supporting points is N, and N is 2, 3 or 4;
when the position of a fulcrum is initially set, firstly, equally dividing an effective section of concrete to be poured into N section units which are distributed along the transverse direction and have equal areas through drawing software; secondly, obtaining the centroid position of each section unit through drawing software, and correspondingly arranging N fulcrums on the vertical lines of the N centroids; as shown in figures 1-6;
s3: adjustment of the position of the fulcrum:
when N is 2, the position of the fulcrum is not adjusted; when N is 3 or 4, the adjustment of the fulcrum position is realized by adopting the following steps:
s3.1: the N plumb lines with the centroids divide the effective section of the concrete to be poured into N +1 sub-sections which are distributed along the transverse direction; respectively calculating the areas of the N +1 sub-sections through drawing software; as shown in fig. 2-3;
s3.2: adjustment of the position of the fulcrum:
(1) when the effective heights of the sections of the concrete to be poured are equal, the upper edges of the effective sections of the concrete to be poured are straight lines parallel to the bottom edges, and the distance between the upper edges and the bottom edges is the effective height h of the sections of the concrete to be poured; as shown in figures 1-3;
when N is 3 and the effective height of the concrete section to be cast is equal, moving the first pivot on the left side to the left by a distance X1The second fulcrum does not move, and the third fulcrum moves rightwards by a distance X1As shown in fig. 7; x1Calculated by formula (1);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side; a. the2Is the area of the second subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the three fulcrums;
moving the first pivot on the left side to the left by a distance X when N is 4 and the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast is equal2Second fulcrum moving rightward by distance X3The third fulcrum is moved leftwards by a distance X3Fourth fulcrum moving rightward by distance X2As shown in fig. 8; x2、X3Respectively calculating by formula (2) and formula (3);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side; a. the2Is the area of the second subdivision; a. the3Is the area of the third subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the four fulcrums;
(2) when the effective heights of the sections of the concrete to be poured are not equal everywhere, the upper edge of the effective section of the concrete to be poured is composed of a plurality of line segments with different slopes, and the intersection point between every two adjacent line segments is an upper inflection point; as shown in fig. 4-6;
when N is 3 and the effective heights of the concrete sections to be poured are not equal everywhere, moving the first fulcrum on the left side to the left by a distance X4The second fulcrum does not move, and the third fulcrum moves rightwards by a distance X4As shown in fig. 9 and 10; x4Calculated by equation (4);
in the formula, h1The effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side; h is2The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum; l is the distance between the adjacent turning point on the left side of the first fulcrum and the first fulcrum along the transverse direction; as shown in fig. 9 and 10; m is calculated by formula (5);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side, A2Is the area of the second subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the three fulcrums;
and when N is 4 and the effective heights of the sections of the concrete to be cast are not equal everywhere, the adjustment of the positions of the fulcrums is realized by adopting the following steps:
a. adjusting the positions of the first fulcrum and the fourth fulcrum: the first pivot point positioned on the left side is moved leftwards by a distance X5Fourth fulcrum moving rightward by distance X5As shown in fig. 11, 12 and 13; x5Calculated by equation (6);
in the formula, h1The effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side; h is2The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum; l is the distance between the adjacent turning point on the left side of the first fulcrum and the first fulcrum along the transverse direction; as shown in fig. 11, 12 and 13; n is calculated by formula (7);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side, A2Is the area of the second subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the first fulcrum and the fourth fulcrum;
b. adjusting the positions of a second fulcrum and a third fulcrum:
the plumb line with the second pivot and the plumb line with the third pivot divide the upper side of the effective section of the concrete to be poured into a left section, a middle section and a right section; as shown in fig. 11, 12 and 13;
when the middle section of the upper edge is a horizontal line parallel to the bottom edge, the second fulcrum is moved rightwards by a distance X6The third fulcrum is moved leftwards by a distance X6As shown in fig. 12; x6Calculated by equation (8);
in the formula, A2Is the area of the second subdivision, A3Is the area of the third subdivision;
when the middle section of the upper edge is not a horizontal line parallel to the bottom edge, the second fulcrum is moved rightward by a distance X7The third fulcrum is moved leftwards by a distance X7As shown in FIG. 13; x7Calculated by equation (9);
in the formula, h3The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the second branch point is determined; h is4The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the right side of the second fulcrum is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the right side of the second fulcrum; s is the distance between the adjacent turning point on the right side of the second fulcrum and the second fulcrum along the transverse direction; as shown in fig. 13; r is calculated by the formula (10);
in the formula, A2Is the area of the second subdivision, A3Is the area of the third subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the second pivot and the third pivot.
The drawing software is Auto CAD software; the division of the effective section of the concrete to be cast and the acquisition of the centroid position of each section unit in step S2 are both achieved by using a msteel structure toolbox.
The equal division of the effective section of the concrete to be poured is completed by approximate equal division of the area under the general drawing function item in the msteel structure toolbox; the centroid position of each section unit is obtained through the operation of an irregular section centroid and a main shaft under the structure drawing function item in the msteel structure toolbox;
the invention is suitable for the concrete structure with a symmetrical structure. The number of the pivot points is selected according to the concrete foundation form and the bearing capacity.
According to the invention, the cross section of the concrete structure is equally divided according to different quantity of supporting points of the support structure, then the supporting points are transversely moved to a certain position according to the condition of the effective section of the concrete to be cast, and the adjustment of the positions of the supporting points corresponds to the supported concrete section, so that the loads of all the supporting points are the same.
Example 1
The medium area conversion method in the step S1 is realized by adopting the following steps: taking the equal-area conversion process of the box girder as an example; as shown in fig. 14;
the method comprises the following steps: drawing a horizontal bottom edge right below the cross-sectional view of the concrete to be poured by using Auto CAD software;
step two: finding each inflection point of a boundary line of the section of the concrete to be poured, wherein the boundary line comprises an outer boundary line representing the outer surface of the section of the concrete to be poured and a boundary line between the section of the concrete to be poured and a hollow part of the section of the concrete to be poured;
step three: drawing effective height lines of concrete at each inflection point, wherein when a hollow section exists at the inflection point, the effective height lines of the concrete at the inflection point comprise a concrete height line positioned above the hollow section and a concrete height line positioned below the hollow section; as shown in fig. 15;
step four: vertically translating the effective height line of the concrete at each inflection point to a corresponding position of the bottom edge; when the hollow section exists at the inflection point, the effective height line of the concrete at the inflection point is the superposition of the concrete height line above the hollow section and the concrete height line below the hollow section; as shown in fig. 16;
step five: sequentially connecting the upper end points of the effective height lines of the concrete at each inflection point from left to right, thereby obtaining the upper edge of the effective section of the concrete to be poured; as shown in fig. 16;
step six: connecting the two ends of the upper edge and the two ends of the bottom edge correspondingly, and removing each concrete effective height line, as shown in figure 17; thereby obtaining the effective section of the concrete to be cast.
Example 2
The total weight of a cast-in-place simple beam 32m of a certain railway is 8700 kN. The clear span of the support is 29.4m, the longitudinal arrangement interval of the support is 28.5m, as shown in figure 18, RAAnd RBThe pitch of (2) is 9 m; rBAnd RCThe pitch of (2) is 12 m; rCAnd RDIs 7.5 m. With RBThe fulcrum is taken as an example, and the total load borne by the fulcrum is 2415kN, RBThe cross section is shown in FIG. 19, which shows a cross section with a transverse length of 12.6m, a height of 3.052m, and a cross-sectional area A of 8.8m2(ii) a The cross-sectional dimensions are shown in fig. 20.
When the number of the fulcrums is set to be 3, the fulcrum setting method is realized by adopting the following steps:
s1: obtaining an effective section by using an equal-area conversion method;
s2: trisecting the effective section to obtain three section units;
s3: finding the centroid positions of the three section units, and initially arranging three fulcrums on the vertical lines of the three centroids;
s4: the plumb line with three centroids divides the effective cross section into four sub-cross sections, and the areas of the four sub-cross sections are 1.09m from left to right2、3.31m2、3.31m2、1.09m2(ii) a The lengths of the four sub-sections along the transverse direction are 2.722m, 3.578m, 3.578m and,2.722m
S5: calculated, X40.257m, so the first fulcrum is moved to the left by 0.257m, and the third fulcrum is moved to the right by 0.257m, thereby determining the positions of the three fulcrums, as shown in fig. 21;
s6: through calculation, the load R borne by the three fulcrums1、R2、R3Respectively 804kN, 808kN, 804kN and R1、R2、R3Basically consistent, the maximum deviation is 0.5%, which is much smaller than the deviation of the prior art.
When the number of the fulcrum is set to be 4, the fulcrum setting method is realized by adopting the following steps:
s1: obtaining an effective section by using an equal-area conversion method;
s2: quartering the effective section to obtain four section units;
s3: finding the centroid positions of the four section units, and initially arranging four fulcrums on the vertical lines of the four centroids;
s4: the plumb line with the four centroids divides the effective cross section into five sub-cross sections, and the areas of the five sub-cross sections are 0.90m from left to right2、2.52m2、1.96m2、2.52m2、0.90m2(ii) a The length of the five sub-sections along the transverse direction is 2.405m, 2.161m, 3.468m, 2.161m and 2.405m from left to right in sequence;
s5: calculated, X5＝0.244m，X70.184m, so that the first fulcrum is moved to the left by 0.244m, the second fulcrum is moved to the right by 0.184m, the third fulcrum is moved to the left by 0.184m, and the fourth fulcrum is moved to the right by 0.244m, thereby determining the positions of the four fulcrums, as shown in fig. 22;
s6: through calculation, the load R borne by four supporting points1、R2、R3、R4Are respectively 604kN, 604kN and R1、R2、R3、R4Consistently, there is no deviation, which is much smaller than the prior art.
In the specific implementation process, the drawing software is not limited to Auto CAD software, and can be replaced by other drawing software capable of realizing the function; the division of the effective section of the concrete to be poured and the acquisition of the centroid position of each section unit in step S2 are not limited to be realized by using the msteel structure toolbox, and the msteel structure toolbox may be replaced by other tools capable of realizing the function.
Claims (3)
1. A pivot setting method of a cast-in-place concrete support structure is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is realized by adopting the following steps:
s1: determining the effective section of the concrete to be poured:
the effective section of the concrete to be poured is determined by an equal-area conversion method, and the method is realized by adopting the following steps: firstly, drawing a horizontal bottom edge by using drawing software, wherein the length of the bottom edge is matched with the length of the cross section of the concrete to be poured along the transverse direction; drawing an upper edge right above the bottom edge, so that the vertical distance between the upper edge and the bottom edge is matched with the effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured; the effective height of the concrete section to be poured is the difference value between the actually measured height of the concrete section to be poured along the vertical direction and the height of the hollow part; then, connecting the two ends of the upper edge and the two ends of the bottom edge correspondingly; thereby obtaining the effective section of the concrete to be cast;
s2: setting the position of a fulcrum:
the supporting points are transversely distributed on the effective section of the concrete to be poured, the number of the supporting points is N, and N is 2, 3 or 4;
when the position of a fulcrum is initially set, firstly, equally dividing an effective section of concrete to be poured into N section units which are distributed along the transverse direction and have equal areas through drawing software; secondly, obtaining the centroid position of each section unit through drawing software, and correspondingly arranging N fulcrums on the vertical lines of the N centroids;
s3: adjustment of the position of the fulcrum:
when N is 2, the position of the fulcrum is not adjusted; when N is 3 or 4, the adjustment of the fulcrum position is realized by adopting the following steps:
s3.1: the N plumb lines with the centroids divide the effective section of the concrete to be poured into N +1 sub-sections which are distributed along the transverse direction; respectively calculating the areas of the N +1 sub-sections through drawing software;
s3.2: adjustment of the position of the fulcrum:
(1) when the effective heights of the sections of the concrete to be poured are equal, the upper edges of the effective sections of the concrete to be poured are straight lines parallel to the bottom edges, and the distance between the upper edges and the bottom edges is the effective height h of the sections of the concrete to be poured;
when N is 3 and the effective height of the concrete section to be cast is equal, moving the first pivot on the left side to the left by a distance X1The second fulcrum does not move, and the third fulcrum moves rightwards by a distance X1，X1Calculated by formula (1);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side; a. the2Is the area of the second subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the three fulcrums;
moving the first pivot on the left side to the left by a distance X when N is 4 and the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast is equal2Second fulcrum moving rightward by distance X3The third fulcrum is moved leftwards by a distance X3Fourth fulcrum moving rightward by distance X2，X2、X3Respectively calculating by formula (2) and formula (3);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side; a. the2Is the area of the second sub-section；A3Is the area of the third subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the four fulcrums;
(2) when the effective heights of the sections of the concrete to be poured are not equal everywhere, the upper edge of the effective section of the concrete to be poured is composed of a plurality of line segments with different slopes, and the intersection point between every two adjacent line segments is an upper inflection point;
when N is 3 and the effective heights of the concrete sections to be poured are not equal everywhere, moving the first fulcrum on the left side to the left by a distance X4The second fulcrum does not move, and the third fulcrum moves rightwards by a distance X4，X4Calculated by equation (4);
in the formula, h1The effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side; h is2The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum; l is the distance between the adjacent turning point on the left side of the first fulcrum and the first fulcrum along the transverse direction; m is calculated by formula (5);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side, A2Is the area of the second subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the three fulcrums;
and when N is 4 and the effective heights of the sections of the concrete to be cast are not equal everywhere, the adjustment of the positions of the fulcrums is realized by adopting the following steps:
a. adjusting the positions of the first fulcrum and the fourth fulcrum: the first pivot point positioned on the left side is moved leftwards by a distance X5Fourth fulcrum moving rightward by distance X5，X5Calculated by equation (6);
in the formula, h1The effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be poured at the first branch point on the left side; h is2The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the left side of the first fulcrum; l is the distance between the adjacent turning point on the left side of the first fulcrum and the first fulcrum along the transverse direction; n is calculated by formula (7);
in the formula, A1Is the area of the first subdivision on the left side, A2Is the area of the second subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the first fulcrum and the fourth fulcrum;
b. adjusting the positions of a second fulcrum and a third fulcrum:
the plumb line with the second pivot and the plumb line with the third pivot divide the upper side of the effective section of the concrete to be poured into a left section, a middle section and a right section;
when the middle section of the upper edge is a horizontal line parallel to the bottom edge, the second fulcrum is moved rightwards by a distance X6The third fulcrum is moved leftwards by a distance X6，X6Calculated by equation (8);
in the formula, A2Is the area of the second subdivision, A3Is the area of the third subdivision;
when the middle section of the upper edge is not a horizontal line parallel to the bottom edge, the second fulcrum is moved rightward by a distance X7The third fulcrum is moved leftwards by a distance X7，X7Calculated by equation (9);
in the formula, h3The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the second branch point is determined; h is4The effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the right side of the second fulcrum is the effective height of the section of the concrete to be cast at the adjacent corner on the right side of the second fulcrum; s is the distance between the adjacent turning point on the right side of the second fulcrum and the second fulcrum along the transverse direction; r is calculated by the formula (10);
in the formula, A2Is the area of the second subdivision, A3Is the area of the third subdivision;
thereby determining the positions of the second pivot and the third pivot.
2. A method of setting a fulcrum of a cast-in-place concrete supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein: the medium area conversion method in the step S1 is realized by adopting the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: drawing a horizontal bottom edge under the cross-sectional view of the concrete to be poured by using drawing software;
step two: finding each inflection point of a boundary line of the section of the concrete to be poured, wherein the boundary line comprises an outer boundary line representing the outer surface of the section of the concrete to be poured and a boundary line between the section of the concrete to be poured and a hollow part of the section of the concrete to be poured;
step three: drawing effective height lines of concrete at each inflection point, wherein when a hollow section exists at the inflection point, the effective height lines of the concrete at the inflection point comprise a concrete height line positioned above the hollow section and a concrete height line positioned below the hollow section;
step four: vertically translating the effective height line of the concrete at each inflection point to a corresponding position of the bottom edge; when the hollow section exists at the inflection point, the effective height line of the concrete at the inflection point is the superposition of the concrete height line above the hollow section and the concrete height line below the hollow section;
step five: sequentially connecting the upper end points of the effective height lines of the concrete at each inflection point from left to right, thereby obtaining the upper edge of the effective section of the concrete to be poured;
step six: and correspondingly connecting the two ends of the upper edge and the two ends of the bottom edge, and removing the effective height lines of the concrete, thereby obtaining the effective section of the concrete to be poured.
3. A method of setting a fulcrum of a cast-in-place concrete supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein: the drawing software is Auto CAD software; the division of the effective section of the concrete to be cast and the acquisition of the centroid position of each section unit in step S2 are both achieved by using a msteel structure toolbox.
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