CN113979783B - Jade-imitated marble ceramic tile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Jade-imitated marble ceramic tile and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
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- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/04—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing zinc
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
- C04B2235/3472—Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
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- C04B2235/963—Surface properties, e.g. surface roughness
Abstract
The application relates to the field of ceramic tiles, in particular to a jade-like marble ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof. The application provides an imitative jade marble ceramic tile, ceramic tile by supreme body layer and the transparent glaze layer of compriseing down, the body layer by supreme bottom and surface course, the surface course comprises surface course A district and the remaining surface course B district of texture pattern, bottom and surface course B district luminousness be 28% -33%, the luminousness of transparent glaze layer is 48% -55%. Surface course A district texture suspension is surrounded by surface course B district in the middle of bottom and transparent glaze layer simultaneously, and the ceramic tile can realize suitable luminousness difference and multiple refraction effect, and under sunshine shines, the texture decorative effect in surface course A district is similar to natural jade flocculus, and the effect is more lifelike to the jade matter.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of ceramic tiles, in particular to a jade-like marble ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Jade is fine and hard in texture, glossy and slightly transparent, and has high light transmittance, certain opaqueness and certain refractive index. In the field of ceramic tiles, people have long started to research and develop ceramic tiles with jade-like effects, and the prior art mainly comprises two methods for realizing the ceramic tiles with the jade-like effects, one method is a ceramic polished tile, high glossiness, high hardness and high whiteness are realized through polishing, the jade-like stereoscopic impression of the method is not strong, and only the surface can achieve a little jade-like effect; the other type is a glazed tile, jade-like textures are realized through ink-jet printing, then a layer of thicker microcrystalline glass is laid, and a three-dimensional effect is realized through transparent microcrystalline glass.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides an imitative jade marble ceramic tile, its imitative jade decorative effect is more lifelike, three-dimensional and abundant, and provides a preparation method of imitative jade marble ceramic tile, aims at solving the problem that prior art imitative jade ceramic tile decorative effect is lifelike inadequately.
In order to achieve the above objects, the present application provides an imitation jade marble tile and a method for preparing the same.
The application provides an imitative jade marble ceramic tile, ceramic tile by lower supreme by body layer and transparent glaze layer composition, the body layer by lower supreme by bottom and surface course composition, the surface course mixes by surface course A district and the remaining surface course B district of texture pattern and forms, bottom and surface course B district luminousness be 28% -33%, the luminousness of transparent glaze layer is 48% -55%.
Preferably, the whiteness of the blank layer is 38-55, the refractive index of the ceramic tile is 1.57-1.62, and the light transmittance of the ceramic tile is 25-36%.
Preferably, the composition of the stock material in the base layer is the same as that in the area B of the face layer.
Preferably, the blank for the area A of the surface layer is formed by adding coloring materials to the blank for the bottom layer or the blank for the area B of the surface layer.
Preferably, the thickness of the bottom layer: surface layer thickness = (3-3.5): (1-2).
Preferably, the amount of blank in area a of the facing layer is: blank dosage in the surface layer B area =0.15-0.23: 1.
Preferably, the blank of the bottom layer and the blank of the surface layer B area comprise, by mass, 15% -24% of ball clay, 1% -3% of bentonite, 4% -8% of extra white sand, 19% -29% of potassium-sodium stone powder, 10% -16% of terrazzo-sodium powder, 1% -2% of calcined talc and 35% -45% of clinker.
Preferably, the frit has a chemical composition, in mass percent, of: 49% -60% SiO2，17%~22%Al2O3，9%~13%CaO，8%~12%MgO，1%~3%K2O，1%~4%ZnO，0.5%~1.8%Li2O，1%~3%B2O3，Fe2O3+TiO2+Na2O≤1%。
Preferably, the frit comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-50% of kaolin, 20-30% of calcined talc, 0.5-2% of cordierite powder, 12-20% of wollastonite, 1-5% of magnesium aluminate spinel, 1-3% of apatite, 5-15% of spodumene, 1-5% of zinc oxide and 1-5% of borax.
According to the technical scheme, the ceramic tile is structurally divided into three layers from bottom to top, namely a bottom layer, a surface layer and a transparent glaze layer, wherein the light transmittance of the bottom layer is controlled to be 28% -33%, the surface layer A area with jade texture patterns and the surface layer B area with the light transmittance controlled to be 28% -33% form the surface layer, and the transparent glaze layer with relatively high light transmittance is arranged on the top, so that proper light transmittance difference and multiple refraction effects can be realized, and more vivid, three-dimensional and rich jade imitation effects can be realized; the light transmittance of the bottom layer and the surface layer B region is 28% -33%, which means that the blank of the bottom layer or the blank of the surface layer B region is obtained by testing through a high-precision light transmission instrument after being pressed and sintered separately; the whiteness of the blank layer is controlled to be 38-55, the refractive index of the ceramic tile is controlled to be 1.57-1.62, and the light transmittance of the ceramic tile is controlled to be 25-36 percent, the whiteness of the blank layer is the whiteness of the ceramic tile blank which is prepared by the same process and only has no glaze polishing layer on the blank layer, the refractive index of the ceramic tile and the light transmittance of the ceramic tile are the refractive index and the light transmittance of each area of the integrally prepared jade-imitated marble ceramic tile measured by an instrument, the refractive index and the light transmittance of each area are different, so that the refractive index and the light transmittance of all the areas are only required to be controlled to be within a certain range, and the imitation effect of the jade can be realized very vividly in the range; further limiting the consistency of the raw material components of the blank of the bottom layer and the blank of the surface layer B area, so that the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the bottom layer and the surface layer of the blank is small, the sintering fusion is good, the flatness of the product is better, and the high grade rate of the product can be improved; the blank for further limiting the surface layer A area is formed by mixing the blank of the bottom layer or the blank of the surface layer B area with pigments, so that the raw material components of the whole blank are consistent, the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the surface layer A area and the surface layer B area of the blank and the bottom layer is small, the sintering fusion is good, the flatness of the product is better, and the goodness rate can be improved; defining the thickness of the bottom layer: surface layer thickness = (3-3.5): (1-2), the texture of the surface layer area A can be suspended between the bottom layer and the transparent glaze layer and is surrounded by the rest surface layer area B, the decoration effect is similar to natural jade floccules, meanwhile, the adjustment of different refractive indexes of different points of the ceramic tile can be assisted, the refractive index of the product can be changed within a certain range, and the decoration effect is more three-dimensional; further limiting, by mass, the blank usage in the area of the surface layer A: the blank consumption of the area B of the surface layer is =0.15-0.23:1, and the purpose is to reasonably control the amount of the texture patterns of the area A of the surface layer to have a proper proportion, and the jade imitation effect of the jade imitation marble ceramic tile is better under the proportion.
The blank material of the bottom layer and the blank material of the surface layer B area in the technical scheme comprise ball clay, bentonite, extra white sand, potassium-sodium stone powder, terrazzo powder, calcined talc and fusion cake, wherein the fusion cake is a main raw material for realizing the light transmittance of a blank body, and the fusion cake is a barren material, so that the blank body is required to be subjected to light transmittanceThe synergistic effect of ball clay and bentonite is introduced, the fluidity, namely the suspension property, of the green body slurry is adjusted, the wet green body strength after green body pressing is increased, the green body formula is used by matching the mineral raw materials and the clinker, the content of a plastic material can be improved, the toughness, namely the cohesiveness, of the green body is increased, and the subsequent pressing forming is facilitated; by further limiting the chemical composition of the frit, the light transmittance of the green body can be improved, and the mechanical strength of the ceramic tile can be increased, particularly the CaO and SiO in the chemical composition of the frit2With Na in the green body material2O and K2The fusion of O and the like generates a transparent glass phase, the light transmittance of a blank is improved, anorthite crystals can be generated at the same time, and the mechanical strength of the jade-like marble ceramic tile is increased, so that the hardness of the ceramic tile is improved, furthermore, the clinker is preferably kaolin, calcined talc, cordierite powder, wollastonite, magnesia-alumina spinel, apatite, spodumene, zinc oxide and borax, a large amount of kaolin and calcined talc in the raw materials of the clinker can synthesize cordierite crystals in the sintering process of the clinker, lithium ions introduced into the spodumene in the raw materials have strong chemical activity, the melt viscosity of the blank can be reduced, and the cordierite crystals can be rapidly prepared under the condition that the cordierite powder is added as a crystal nucleus, and the cordierite is used as a material with high hardness and high transparency, so that the toughness, hardness and light transmittance of the ceramic blank can be enhanced; in addition, zinc oxide and magnesia-alumina spinel in the frit raw materials can be used for synthesizing a needle-shaped zinc-magnesia-alumina spinel opacifier, a small amount of apatite is introduced into the frit formula to improve the opacification of the frit, the light transmittance of a bottom layer and a surface layer B area of a blank can be controlled through the synergistic effect of the raw materials, and meanwhile, the small amount of apatite is introduced into the frit formula to improve the opacification of the frit and increase the hardness of the frit. Make body layer whiteness degree reach 38~55 through above combination, the ceramic tile luminousness reaches 28% -33%, make imitative jade ceramic tile have fine jade sense decorative effect, add the base when the body material and pass through the surface course A district that the cloth formed the texture pattern with the colouring material, the suspension is in the middle of the bottom that the luminousness is 28% -33% and the transparent glaze layer that the luminousness is 48% -55%, surround by the surface course B district that the luminousness is 28% -33% simultaneously, under sunshine irradiation, the texture decorative effect in surface course A district is similar to natural jade flocculus, the jade sense effect is very muchIs lifelike.
The application also provides a preparation method of the jade-like marble ceramic tile, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing frits, and preparing a blank of a bottom layer, a blank of a surface layer B area and a blank of a surface layer A area respectively by adopting a raw material mixing, pulping and spray drying method;
s2, designing a pattern of a surface layer of the ceramic tile blank, wherein the pattern consists of a texture pattern of a surface layer A area and other surface layer B areas;
s3, applying the blank cloth of the bottom layer to a press die cavity to form a bottom material layer;
s4, placing the blanks in the surface layer A area and the blanks in the surface layer B area into corresponding pipeline hoppers respectively, and blanking and printing the hoppers on the base material layer by layer through a computer program to form a surface material layer; the computer program can be set according to the surface layer pattern of the blank body;
s5, after the cloth is finished, one-time punch forming is carried out through a press, and drying is carried out;
and S6, preparing transparent glaze, glazing, firing and polishing to obtain the jade-like marble ceramic tile consisting of a blank bottom layer, a blank surface layer and a transparent glaze layer from bottom to top.
In the technical scheme, the preparation method of the frit is a frit preparation method known in the ceramic industry; the preparation method of the blank of the bottom layer, the blank of the surface layer B area and the blank of the surface layer A area is obtained by adopting the methods of raw material mixing, pulping and spray drying which are well known in the ceramic industry. The method for distributing the fabric in the technical scheme comprises the following steps: firstly, designing a blank surface layer pattern, designing a surface layer A area texture pattern and other surface layer B areas, and then realizing the texture pattern through multi-pipeline cloth. The blank is the miropowder granule, also has slight aversion behind the cloth, can cross the mixture with the surface course A district material of next door, consequently the roughly texture of ceramic tile through this mode acquisition is unanimous, does not have obvious clear limit, consequently surface course A district has the texture that the colour depth differs, has certain transmittance after the ceramic tile body burns till now behind the cloth, can show the anomalous texture suspension in surface course A district in the middle of the little transparent body clearly under the sunlight irradiation, imitative jade decorative effect is more lifelike.
The technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial effects: surface course A district texture suspension is surrounded by surface course B district in the middle of bottom and transparent glaze layer simultaneously, and the ceramic tile can realize suitable luminousness difference and multiple refraction effect, and under sunshine shines, the texture decorative effect in surface course A district is similar to natural jade flocculus, and the effect is more lifelike to the jade matter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a green body in example 6 of the present application.
FIG. 2 is an elemental analysis spectrum corresponding to cordierite, reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a picture of a product of example 6 in the present application.
In the drawings: 1-cordierite
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objectives of the present application will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
A preparation method of the jade-like marble ceramic tile comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing frits, and preparing a blank of a bottom layer, a blank of a surface layer B area and a blank of a surface layer A area respectively by adopting a raw material mixing, pulping and spray drying method;
preparing a frit: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, uniformly mixing, then placing the mixture into a frit furnace for high-temperature firing, quenching with water, crushing, and screening by a 100-mesh screen for later use after firing.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, firing curves of the frit vary with formulation compositions, and in the frit formulation system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the firing curves are as follows:
the firing curve of the frit is: heating to 300 deg.C from normal temperature, and taking 90 min; heating from 300 deg.C to 1100 deg.C, and taking 90 min; heating from 1100 deg.C to 1500 deg.C, and taking 30 min; cooling from 1500 deg.C to 1450 deg.C, and consuming 10 min; keeping the temperature at 1450 ℃ for 30 min.
The firing curve of the microcrystalline frit is as follows: heating to 300 deg.C from normal temperature, and taking 90 min; heating from 300 deg.C to 1100 deg.C, and taking 90 min; heating to 1350 deg.C from 1100 deg.C, and taking 30 min; cooling from 1350 deg.C to 1300 deg.C, and taking 10 min; keeping the temperature at 1300 ℃ for 30 min.
Preparing a blank: weighing mineral raw materials and a frit according to a ratio, uniformly mixing the mineral raw materials and the frit, adding water, sodium methylcellulose and sodium tripolyphosphate, performing ball milling for 10 hours, aging for more than 24 hours to obtain slurry, performing spray granulation on the slurry to obtain a corresponding blank, and correspondingly adding pigments into the blank to perform mixing to obtain the blank of a surface layer A area, wherein the blank of a bottom layer in some embodiments is consistent with the blank of a surface layer B area;
the blank of part bottom layer and the blank of surface course B district, by the mass percent, its formulation composition is: 15-24% of ball clay, 1-3% of bentonite, 4-8% of extra white sand, 19-29% of potassium-sodium stone powder, 10-16% of terrazzo sodium stone powder, 1-2% of calcined talc and 35-45% of frit; the frit formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-50% of kaolin, 20-30% of calcined talc, 0.5-2% of cordierite powder, 12-20% of wollastonite, 1-5% of magnesia-alumina spinel, 1-3% of apatite, 5-15% of spodumene, 1-5% of zinc oxide and 1-5% of borax, and the frit comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 49% -60% SiO2，17%~22%Al2O3，9%~13%CaO，8%~12%MgO，1%~3%K2O，1%~4%ZnO，0.5%~1.8%Li2O，1%~3%B2O3，Fe2O3+TiO2+Na2O≤1%。
The blank of the surface layer A area of some embodiments comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-24% of ball clay, 1-3% of bentonite, 4-8% of extra white sand, 19-29% of potassium-sodium stone powder, 10-16% of terrazzo sodium stone powder, 1-2% of calcined talc, 35-45% of frit and 0.2-1.5% of blank pigment, wherein at least one blank pigment can be selected according to requirements.
S2, designing a pattern of a surface layer of the ceramic tile blank, wherein the pattern consists of a texture pattern of a surface layer A area and other surface layer B areas;
s3, applying the blank cloth of the bottom layer to a press die cavity to form a bottom material layer;
s4, placing the blanks in the surface layer A area and the blanks in the surface layer B area into corresponding pipeline hoppers respectively, and blanking and printing the hoppers on the base material layer by layer through a computer program to form a surface material layer; the computer program can be set according to the surface layer pattern of the blank body;
s5, after the cloth is finished, one-time punch forming is carried out through a press, and drying is carried out;
and S6, preparing transparent glaze, glazing, firing and polishing to obtain the jade-like marble ceramic tile consisting of a blank bottom layer, a blank surface layer and a transparent glaze layer from bottom to top.
Preparing transparent glaze: weighing glaze raw materials according to a ratio, uniformly mixing, sequentially adding 0.2% of sodium methyl cellulose, 0.35% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 30% of water and 40% of stamp-pad ink according to the mass percentage of the glaze, and then carrying out ball milling for 10 hours to obtain glaze slurry, wherein the fineness of the glaze slurry is 0.5-0.7 (the residue is sieved by a 250-mesh sieve), and the specific gravity is 1.3-1.4 g/cm3。
Glazing: the existing glazing mode can be adopted for glazing, screen printing is adopted in the specific embodiment of the scheme, the screen is a full-through screen with 80 meshes, and the printing amount is 2 times of back-and-forth printing.
And (3) firing: the firing temperature of the marble tile is 1150-1250 ℃, and the firing time is 65-70 min.
The formula of the transparent glaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of kaolin, 30-38% of calcined kaolin, 15-25% of wollastonite and 25-35% of microcrystalline frit, wherein the microcrystalline frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of kaolin, 5-15% of quartz, 25-35% of calcite, 8-15% of spodumene, 3-8% of zinc oxide, 5-15% of barium carbonate and 1-5% of fluorite.
According to the technical scheme, the optimal effect is achieved through the composite effect of the mineral raw materials and the microcrystalline frits in the formula of the transparent glaze, the glaze surface can be smoother through the mode of preparing the microcrystalline frits in advance by using part of raw materials, and the antifouling effect is better. Barium carbonate in the microcrystalline frit raw material is organic matter and carbonate thereofAnd other organic matters are oxidized and decomposed into CO at about 800 DEG C2，NO2And SO2The volatile gas is equalized, so that the surface density of the ceramic tile with the jade-like texture is increased in a manner of preparing a frit in advance; because the glass melt is formed in advance, the firing temperature range of the jade-like marble ceramic tile is widened, and the components are prevented from volatilizing gas due to high temperature in the firing process of the ceramic tile to cause the generation of bubbles on the ceramic tile and influence the surface smoothness of the ceramic tile, so that the reduction of antifouling performance and the reduction of jade texture effect are avoided.
The microcrystalline frit is preferably an anorthite microcrystal system formula, namely, kaolin, quartz and calcite in the formula can produce anorthite microcrystals in a large quantity in a high-temperature melting process, so that the transparency, hardness and wear resistance of the glaze are greatly improved.
The zinc oxide plays a role of a fluxing agent, the glossiness of the surface of the ceramic tile is increased, pores are reduced, the color development of the glaze surface is enhanced, the mechanical elasticity and the strength of the glaze are increased, and the quality of the product is improved.
The fluorite has calcium fluoride as main component and has the function of lowering the high temperature viscosity of the clinker, so that the clinker is easy to demould and the clinker yield is increased. However, the amount of fluorite is not large, otherwise the frit furnace is easily corroded, and the service life of the frit furnace is reduced. Meanwhile, spodumene is adopted in the microcrystalline frit to replace a feldspar raw material of a common frit, so that the sintering temperature can be further reduced, the high-temperature viscosity of the melt is reduced, the high-temperature fluidity and the vitrification degree of the melt are improved, and the compactness of the glaze surface is higher, so that the pollution resistance, the strength of the glaze surface and the smoothness and flatness are improved.
The thickness of the ceramic tile blank in the embodiment of the technical scheme is 10mm, and the technological parameters of the specific embodiment are kept consistent.
And (3) detecting and characterizing the effect of the obtained product, wherein the performance detection and effect characterization method comprises the following steps:
and (3) performance detection:
1. light transmittance: and testing by adopting a high-precision light transmittance instrument.
2. Refractive index: the test was performed using a refractometer.
3. Whiteness: and testing the whiteness value according to a GB/T5950 whiteness measurement method of the building material and the nonmetallic mineral product.
4. Antifouling property: the pollution agent for testing the pollution resistance of the ceramic tile comprises a paste pollution agent, a pollution agent capable of generating an oxidation reaction, a pollution agent capable of generating a film, olive oil and the like, wherein the pollution resistance is classified into 1-5 grades according to the difficulty of cleaning, and the higher the grade is, the better the pollution resistance is.
5. Breaking resistance: according to GB/T3810.4-2016 ceramic tile test method part 4: determination of modulus of rupture and breaking Strength.
And (3) effect characterization:
1. imitating jade effect: through visual observation, the jade imitation effect is classified into 1-5 grades, and the higher the grade is, the better the jade imitation effect is.
2. And (3) glaze surface defects: whether surface defects such as pinholes and concave glaze exist or not is observed by naked eyes, the glaze defects can be divided into 5 grades, the 5 grades are the glaze problems such as almost no pinholes and concave glaze, the following grades are 4, 3, 2 and 1, the 1 grade defects are the most, the standard of qualified bricks cannot be reached, and the higher the grade is, the better the glaze effect is shown.
The formulation compositions and temperatures in the above examples are ranges of values, inclusive of the endpoints and any values within the ranges, are implementable, and some examples are described below as specific point values.
Example 1
A preparation method of the jade-like marble ceramic tile comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing frits, and preparing a blank of a bottom layer, a blank of a surface layer B area and a blank of a surface layer A area respectively by adopting a raw material mixing, pulping and spray drying method known in the ceramic industry;
preparing a frit: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, uniformly mixing, then placing the mixture into a frit furnace for high-temperature firing, quenching with water, crushing, and screening by a 100-mesh screen for later use after firing.
The firing curve of the frit is: heating to 300 deg.C from normal temperature, and taking 90 min; heating from 300 deg.C to 1100 deg.C, and taking 90 min; heating from 1100 deg.C to 1500 deg.C, and taking 30 min; cooling from 1500 deg.C to 1450 deg.C, and consuming 10 min; keeping the temperature at 1450 ℃ for 30 min.
The frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of kaolin, 25% of calcined talc, 1% of cordierite powder, 16% of wollastonite, 2% of magnesium aluminate spinel, 2% of apatite, 10% of spodumene, 2% of zinc oxide and 2% of borax.
The firing curve of the microcrystalline frit is as follows: heating to 300 deg.C from normal temperature, and taking 90 min; heating from 300 deg.C to 1100 deg.C, and taking 90 min; heating to 1350 deg.C from 1100 deg.C, and taking 30 min; cooling from 1350 deg.C to 1300 deg.C, and taking 10 min; keeping the temperature at 1300 ℃ for 30 min.
The microcrystalline frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 32% of kaolin, 10% of quartz, 30% of calcite, 10% of spodumene, 5% of zinc oxide, 10% of barium carbonate and 3% of fluorite.
Preparing a blank: weighing mineral raw materials and frit according to a ratio, uniformly mixing, adding water, sodium methylcellulose and sodium tripolyphosphate, ball-milling for 10h, aging for more than 24h to obtain slurry, spray-granulating the slurry to obtain corresponding blanks, and mixing the blanks in the surface layer A region by correspondingly adding pigments into the blanks;
the blank of the bottom layer and the blank of the surface layer B area have the same formula, and the specific formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of ball clay, 1% of bentonite, 6% of extra white sand, 21% of potassium-sodium stone powder, 15% of sodium terrazzo powder, 1% of calcined talc and 36% of clinker; wherein the frit formula is the previously processed frit.
The blank formula of the surface layer A area comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of ball clay, 1% of bentonite, 6% of extra white sand, 21% of potassium-sodium stone powder, 15% of sodium terrazzo powder, 1% of calcined talc, 36% of clinker and an additional blank pigment: 0.2% of malachite blue, 1% of fruit green and 0.3% of vanadium zirconium blue.
S2, designing a pattern of a surface layer of the ceramic tile blank, wherein the pattern consists of a texture pattern of a surface layer A area and other surface layer B areas;
s3, applying the blank cloth of the bottom layer to a press die cavity to form a bottom material layer;
s4, placing the blanks in the surface layer A area and the blanks in the surface layer B area into corresponding pipeline hoppers respectively, and blanking and printing the hoppers on the base material layer by layer through a computer program to form a surface material layer; the computer program can be set according to the surface layer pattern of the blank body;
wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is as follows: the thickness of the surface layer =2: 1; the blank dosage of the surface layer A area is as follows by mass: blank usage =0.2:1 in the face layer B region.
S5, after the cloth is finished, one-time punch forming is carried out through a press, and drying is carried out;
and S6, preparing transparent glaze, glazing, firing and polishing to obtain the jade-like marble ceramic tile consisting of a blank bottom layer, a blank surface layer and a transparent glaze layer from bottom to top.
Preparing transparent glaze: weighing glaze raw materials according to a ratio, uniformly mixing, sequentially adding 0.2% of sodium methyl cellulose, 0.35% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 30% of water and 40% of stamp-pad ink according to the mass percentage of the glaze, and performing ball milling for 10 hours to obtain glaze slurry, wherein the fineness of the glaze slurry is 0.5-0.7 (the residue is sieved by a 250-mesh sieve), and the specific gravity is 1.3-1.4 g/cm3。
The formula of the transparent glaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of kaolin, 35% of calcined kaolin, 20% of wollastonite and 30% of microcrystalline frit, wherein the microcrystalline frit is the microcrystalline frit prepared in the step S1.
Glazing: the existing glazing mode can be adopted for glazing, screen printing is adopted in the specific embodiment of the scheme, the screen is a full-through screen with 80 meshes, and the printing amount is 2 times of back-and-forth printing.
And (3) firing: the firing temperature of the marble tile is 1150-1250 ℃, and the firing time is 65-70 min.
The frit in the embodiment is detected to have the following chemical compositions in percentage by mass: 54.67% SiO2，19.6%Al2O3，10.45%CaO，9%MgO，1.28%K2O，2.11%ZnO，0.85%Li2O，1.79%B2O3，0.25%Fe2O3+TiO2+Na2O。
In this example, the blank in the area B of the surface layer was separately pressed into a sample plate with a thickness of 10mm, and the blank was fired together with step S6 to obtain a sample plate with a transmittance of 30.58% according to a test, and the blank of the jade-like marble tile obtained in this example was polished off to leave only a transparent glaze layer, and then the blank was tested to obtain a transmittance of 51.73%.
Example 2
The conditions in this example are the same as those in example 1, except for the specific recipes in steps S1 and S6 and the parameters of the material distribution in step S4, which are specifically as follows:
s1: the frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35% of kaolin, 30% of calcined talc, 0.5% of cordierite powder, 12% of wollastonite, 1% of magnesium aluminate spinel, 3% of apatite, 15% of spodumene, 2% of zinc oxide and 1.5% of borax.
The microcrystalline frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of kaolin, 5% of quartz, 35% of calcite, 12% of spodumene, 1% of zinc oxide, 15% of barium carbonate and 2% of fluorite.
The blank of the bottom layer and the blank of the surface layer B area have the same formula, and the blank comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of ball clay, 3% of bentonite, 4% of extra white sand, 24% of potassium-sodium stone powder, 10% of sodium terrazzo powder, 1.5% of calcined talc and 42.5% of clinker; wherein the frit formula is the previously processed frit.
The blank formula of the surface layer A area comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of ball clay, 3% of bentonite, 4% of extra white sand, 24% of potassium-sodium stone powder, 10% of sodium terrazzo powder, 1.5% of calcined talc, 42.5% of clinker and an external green body pigment: 0.2% of malachite blue, 1% of fruit green and 0.3% of vanadium zirconium blue.
S4: wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is as follows: the thickness of the surface layer =3.5: 1; the blank dosage of the surface layer A area is as follows by mass: blank usage =0.23:1 in panel B.
S6: the formula of the transparent glaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of kaolin, 38% of calcined kaolin, 15% of wollastonite and 35% of microcrystalline frit, wherein the microcrystalline frit is the microcrystalline frit prepared in the step S1.
The frit in the embodiment is detected to have the following chemical compositions in percentage by mass: 52.32% SiO2，18.16%Al2O3，12.51%CaO，10.56%MgO，2.11%K2O，1.54%ZnO，0.76%Li2O，1.37%B2O3，0.67%Fe2O3+TiO2+Na2O。
In this example, the blank in the area B of the surface layer was separately pressed into a sample plate with a thickness of 10mm, and the blank was fired in step S6, and then tested to have a transmittance of 32.28%, and the blank of the jade-like marble tile obtained in this example was polished off to leave only the transparent glaze layer, and then tested to have a transmittance of 54.54%.
Example 3
The conditions in this example are the same as those in example 1, except for the specific recipes in step S1 and step S6, which are as follows:
s1: the frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 48% of kaolin, 20% of calcined talc, 2% of cordierite powder, 18% of wollastonite, 4% of magnesium aluminate spinel, 1% of apatite, 5% of spodumene, 1% of zinc oxide and 1% of borax.
The microcrystalline frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 37% of kaolin, 12% of quartz, 25% of calcite, 8% of spodumene, 8% of zinc oxide, 5% of barium carbonate and 5% of fluorite.
The blank of the bottom layer and the blank of the surface layer B area have the same formula, and the blank comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 24% of ball clay, 1% of bentonite, 8% of extra white sand, 19% of potassium-sodium stone powder, 11% of sodium terrazzo powder, 2% of calcined talc and 35% of clinker; wherein the frit formula is the previously processed frit.
The blank formula of the surface layer A area comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 24% of ball clay, 1% of bentonite, 8% of extra white sand, 19% of potassium-sodium stone powder, 11% of sodium terrazzo powder, 2% of calcined talc, 35% of clinker and an additional blank pigment are as follows: 0.2% of malachite blue, 1% of fruit green and 0.3% of vanadium zirconium blue.
S4: wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is as follows: the thickness of the surface layer =3: 2; the blank dosage of the surface layer A area is as follows by mass: blank usage =0.15:1 in the face layer B region.
S6: the formula of the transparent glaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of kaolin, 33% of calcined kaolin, 19% of wollastonite and 28% of microcrystalline frit, wherein the microcrystalline frit is the microcrystalline frit prepared in the step S1.
The frit in the embodiment is detected to have the following chemical compositions in percentage by mass: 51.75% SiO2，21.34%Al2O3，8.71%CaO，8.26%MgO，2.27%K2O，3.16%ZnO，1.37%Li2O，2.61%B2O3，0.53%Fe2O3+TiO2+Na2O。
In this example, the blank in the area B of the surface layer was separately pressed into a sample plate with a thickness of 10mm, and the blank was fired together with step S6 to obtain a sample plate with a transmittance of 28.35% according to a test, and the blank of the jade-like marble tile obtained in this example was polished off to leave only a transparent glaze layer and then tested to obtain a sample plate with a transmittance of 48.43%.
The performance of the jade-like marble tile of the above embodiments 1 to 3 was tested, and in addition, the jade-like tile mark prepared by using the porcelain polished tile on the market was purchased as present 1 and the jade-like tile mark prepared by using the inkjet printing glaze-polishing process was purchased as present 2 (thickness was 10 mm) for comparison, and the specific performance test and effect comparison results are shown in the following table:
it can be seen from the table above that its luminousness and refracting index of the imitative jade marble ceramic tile that this application prepared are all different with prior art, and its imitative jade effect also needs to be superior to current imitative jade ceramic tile.
Comparative example 1
The conditions in this comparative example were the same as those in example 1, except that the thickness of the substrate in the green sheet of step S4: the thickness ratio of the surface layers is inconsistent;
s4: wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is as follows: the thickness of the surface layer =2: 3; the blank dosage of the surface layer A area is as follows by mass: blank usage =0.2:1 in the face layer B region.
Comparative example 2
The conditions in this comparative example were the same as those in example 1, except that the thickness of the substrate in the green sheet of step S4: the thickness ratio of the surface layers is inconsistent;
s4: wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is as follows: the thickness of the surface layer =4: 1; the blank dosage of the surface layer A area is as follows by mass: blank usage =0.2:1 in the face layer B region.
Comparative example 3
The conditions in this comparative example were the same as those in example 1, except that the blank amount in the area a of the face layer in the blank fabric of step S4: the blank using amount ratio of the surface layer B area is inconsistent;
s4: wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is as follows: the thickness of the surface layer =4: 1; the blank dosage of the surface layer A area is as follows by mass: blank usage =0.1:1 in the face layer B region.
Comparative example 4
The conditions in this comparative example were the same as those in example 1, except that the blank amount in the area a of the face layer in the blank fabric of step S4: the blank using amount ratio of the surface layer B area is inconsistent;
s4: wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is as follows: the thickness of the surface layer =4: 1; the blank dosage of the surface layer A area is as follows by mass: blank usage =0.4:1 in panel B.
The specific performance tests and results of the effect comparisons performed on the jade-like marble-like ceramic tiles of comparative examples 1 to 4 are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the bottom layer thickness: the thickness ratio of the surface layer and the blank amount of the surface layer A area are calculated by mass: the blank quantity ratio in surface course B district has certain influence to imitative jade effect, bottom thickness: the thickness ratio of the surface layer is too large or the blank dosage of the surface layer A area is calculated by mass: when the blank material consumption proportion of the surface layer B area is small, the texture is light and thin though the blank material is transparent, and the effect of scattered sporadically cannot achieve a good jade imitation effect; conversely, the thickness of the bottom layer: when the thickness ratio of the surface layer is too small, the blank consumption of the surface layer area A is as follows by mass: when the proportion of the blank material in the area B of the surface layer is too large, the texture is thicker and heavier, and the light transmittance of the ceramic tile is reduced to a degree that the texture cannot be suspended; therefore, the bottom layer thickness is considered to be preferred: surface layer thickness = (3-3.5): (1-2), by mass, the blank amount of the surface layer A area is as follows: the blank dosage of the surface layer B area =0.15-0.23: 1.
Comparative example 5
The conditions in this comparative example were the same as in example 1, except that the specific formulation of the base layer blank in step S1 was as follows:
s1: the blank formulation of the bottom layer is not consistent with that of the surface layer B area,
the blank of the bottom layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35% of quartz, 7% of potassium feldspar, 8% of albite, 35% of frit and 15% of plastic clay.
The formula of the surface layer B area comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of ball clay, 1% of bentonite, 6% of extra white sand, 21% of potassium-sodium stone powder, 15% of sodium terrazzo powder, 1% of calcined talc and 36% of clinker; wherein the frit was in accordance with example 1.
In the embodiment, the blank of the bottom layer is independently pressed into a sample plate with the thickness of 10mm, and the light transmittance of the sample plate is tested to be 20.59 percent after the sample plate is fired together with the step S6; the blank in the area B of the facing layer was separately pressed into a gauge having a thickness of 10mm and tested to have a light transmittance of 30.58% after firing together with step S6.
Comparative example 6
The conditions in this comparative example were the same as in example 1, except that the specific formulations of the base layer blank and the face layer B region blank in step S1 were as follows:
s1: the blank of the bottom layer and the blank of the surface layer B area have the same formula, and the blank comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of nepheline, 16% of sodalite powder, 2% of wollastonite, 2% of diopside, 9% of ball clay, 11% of pyrophyllite, 4% of bentonite and 36% of clinker; wherein the frit was in accordance with example 1.
The blank in the area B of the facing layer of this example was separately pressed into a 10mm thick master plate and fired with step S6 and tested to have a light transmission of 28.65%.
Comparative example 7
The conditions in this comparative example were the same as in example 1, except for the specific formulation of the frit in step S1, as follows:
s1: the frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of quartz, 20% of white mud, 10% of calcite, 17.5% of potassium nitrate, 2% of zinc oxide, 3% of fluorite, 1% of apatite and 5% of tin oxide.
The blank in the area B of the facing layer of this example was separately pressed into a 10mm thick master plate and fired with step S6 and tested to have a light transmission of 25.41%.
Comparative example 8
The conditions in this comparative example were the same as in example 1, except for the specific formulation of the microcrystalline frit in step S1, as follows:
s1: the microcrystalline frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 48% of kaolin, 28% of calcined talc, 11% of quartz powder, 2% of zinc oxide, 7% of wollastonite, 2% of albite and 2% of corundum.
The jade-like marble tile green body obtained in the example was discarded and only the transparent glaze layer remained, and the transmittance was measured to be 49.23%.
Comparative example 9
The conditions in this comparative example were the same as in example 1, except for the specific formulation of the microcrystalline frit in step S1, as follows:
s1: the microcrystalline frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 32% of kaolin, 10% of quartz, 30% of calcite, 10% of potassium feldspar, 5% of albite, 10% of barium carbonate and 3% of fluorite.
The jade-like marble tile green body obtained in the present example was discarded and only the transparent glaze layer remained, and the transmittance thereof was measured to be 53.12%.
The specific performance tests and results of the effect comparisons performed on the jade-like marble-like tiles of comparative examples 5 to 9 are shown in the following table:
the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter of the present application, which are made by the following claims and their equivalents, or which are directly or indirectly applicable to other related arts, are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The jade-like marble ceramic tile is characterized in that the ceramic tile consists of a blank layer and a transparent glaze layer from bottom to top, wherein the blank layer consists of a bottom and a bottom from bottom to topThe transparent glaze layer comprises a layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer is formed by mixing a surface layer A area of a texture pattern and the rest surface layer B area, the light transmittance of the bottom layer and the surface layer B area is 28% -33%, and the light transmittance of the transparent glaze layer is 48% -55%; the blank of the bottom layer and the blank of the surface layer B area have the same raw material components; the thickness of the bottom layer is as follows: the surface layer thickness = (3-3.5): (1-2); the blank dosage of the surface layer A area is as follows by mass: the blank consumption of the surface layer B area is =0.15-0.23: 1; the blank of the bottom layer and the blank of the surface layer B area comprise, by mass, 15-24% of ball clay, 1-3% of bentonite, 4-8% of extra white sand, 19-29% of potassium-sodium stone powder, 10-16% of terrazzo-sodium stone powder, 1-2% of calcined talc and 35-45% of clinker; the frit comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 49% -60% SiO2，17%~22%Al2O3，9%~13%CaO，8%~12%MgO，1%~3%K2O，1%~4%ZnO，0.5%~1.8%Li2O，1%~3%B2O3，Fe2O3+TiO2+Na2O is less than or equal to 1 percent; the formula of the transparent glaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of kaolin, 30-38% of calcined kaolin, 15-25% of wollastonite and 25-35% of microcrystalline frit; the microcrystalline frit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of kaolin, 5-15% of quartz, 25-35% of calcite, 8-15% of spodumene, 3-8% of zinc oxide, 5-15% of barium carbonate and 1-5% of fluorite.
2. The jade-like marble tile of claim 1, wherein said green body layer has a whiteness of 38-55, a tile refractive index of 1.57-1.62, and a tile light transmittance of 25% -36%.
3. The jade-like marble tile of claim 1 wherein said facing zone a blank is mixed with said base layer blank or said facing zone B blank with added color.
4. The jade-like marble tile of claim 1, wherein said frit comprises, in mass percent: 35-50% of kaolin, 20-30% of calcined talc, 0.5-2% of cordierite powder, 12-20% of wollastonite, 1-5% of magnesium aluminate spinel, 1-3% of apatite, 5-15% of spodumene, 1-5% of zinc oxide and 1-5% of borax.
5. A process for the preparation of an imitation jade marble tile according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing frits, and preparing a blank of a bottom layer, a blank of a surface layer B area and a blank of a surface layer A area respectively by adopting a raw material mixing, pulping and spray drying method;
s2, designing a pattern of the surface layer of the ceramic tile blank, wherein the pattern consists of a texture pattern of the surface layer A and the rest of the surface layer B;
s3, applying the blank cloth of the bottom layer to a press die cavity to form a bottom material layer;
s4, placing the blanks in the surface layer A area and the blanks in the surface layer B area into corresponding pipeline hoppers respectively, and blanking and printing the hoppers on the base material layer by layer through a computer program to form a surface material layer; the computer program can be set according to the surface layer pattern of the blank body;
s5, after the cloth is finished, one-time punch forming is carried out through a press, and drying is carried out;
and S6, preparing transparent glaze, glazing, firing and polishing to obtain the jade-like marble ceramic tile consisting of a blank bottom layer, a blank surface layer and a transparent glaze layer from bottom to top.
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