Self-feedback online monitoring system and method for dryness of wet steam
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal instruments in the energy power industry, and particularly relates to a self-feedback on-line monitoring system and method for dryness of wet steam.
Background
Wet saturated steam (the common steam contains dynamic balance saturated water and saturated steam) is a working medium commonly used in the energy power industry, and wet saturated steam dryness (the content of the steam in the wet saturated steam) is an important parameter for representing the physical properties of the wet saturated steam, so that a measuring point instrument is required to simply and accurately measure the wet saturated steam dryness. At present, the wet saturated steam dryness measurement method mainly comprises a thermodynamic method, an non-thermodynamic method and a mathematical model method, wherein the thermodynamic method comprises a throttling method, a mixing method, a heating method, a phase separation method, a condensation method and the like, and the non-thermodynamic method comprises a radiation method, a microwave method, an optical method, a chemical method and the like. The non-thermodynamic method has high requirements on-site instrument configuration and measurement conditions, and the method for indirectly determining the exhaust enthalpy by using the mathematical model method has the advantages of complex and complicated calculation process, simple measurement principle, high measurement accuracy, convenience in use and the like. The heating method is a measuring method suitable for the humidity of flowing wet steam in an actual turbine, the most typical constant pressure heating method steam humidity probe is developed by a central electric power research laboratory (CERL) in the United kingdom, a sleeve working section consisting of an inner pipe and an outer pipe is adopted, and vacuum is pumped in a sleeve interlayer so that heat dissipation can be neglected in calculation. It requires measurement of wet saturated steam flow and temperature parameters, which complicates the measurement system and increases measurement errors. The double-zone heating method based on the probe divides the heating section into an evaporation section and a superheating section for independent heating, and the humidity measuring probe designed by the principle has a simple structure and uses the superheating section as a flow measuring system.
But has the disadvantages that 1) the traditional method of winding the resistance wire around the outer sleeve or the method of internally arranging the heating element in the inner tube cannot ensure the heating power consistent per unit inner tube length, the traditional model needs to continuously arrange at least more than ten temperature sensors in order to calculate the actual or virtual vaporization length of the wet steam on the whole inner tube length, the measurement cost and the maintenance cost are greatly increased, the economy is poor, 2) the calculation cost is relatively increased because the heating probe length allowance is long, the calculation method considers the specific volume change and the flow velocity loss of saturated steam and saturated water, 3) the heating element (heating wire) blocks the steam flow and the kinetic energy sampling in the wet saturated steam flow channel, the problem of the backflow of the overheated saturated steam exists, 4) the radiation heat dissipation loss is increased to a non-negligible extent if the temperature of the heating element is preset to be too high according to calculation, 5) the thermal parameter fluctuation of the wet saturated steam working medium in the actual industry is large, and the accurate and reliable data can not be ensured under the condition of long time consumption by means of a complex mathematical model.
Therefore, the heating method monitoring device of the dryness of the wet saturated steam needs to be improved, the real-time calculation model needs to be simplified and a self-feedback control processing method is introduced, two monitoring systems for high and low flow rate steam are needed in the application of energy power, and the on-line monitoring system needs to improve reliability and practicability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a self-feedback online monitoring device, a self-feedback online monitoring system and a self-feedback online monitoring method for the dryness of wet steam, which can improve the reliability, the instantaneity and the economy of the online monitoring system for the dryness of wet saturated steam.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a wet steam electrical heating dryness fraction measuring apparatu and self-feedback on-line monitoring system, includes adiabatic insulation measurement probe outer tube 1, the even heating electric heating rod 4 of suit in measurement probe outer tube 1 central axis, the space between measurement probe outer tube 1 and the electric heating rod 4 is the exhaust steam circulation section, divide into evaporation zone 2 and the back end superheat zone 3 of anterior segment, electric heating rod 4 is used for heating wet saturated steam to overheat saturated steam in evaporation zone 2's heat transfer, and electric heating rod 4 is used for further heating overheat saturated steam in overheat zone 3's heat transfer, electric heating rod 4 passes through cable connection control system 10, and control system 10 is used for adjusting heating power according to feedback signal in real time.
The outer tube 1 of the heat insulation measurement probe is a ceramic heat insulation tube with the outer surface coated with aluminum silicate heat insulation material, and the outer surface of the electric heating rod 4 is made of ceramic material.
The check valve 5 is arranged at the joint of the evaporation section 2 and the superheating section 3 to prevent the superheated saturated steam from flowing backwards, the regulating valve 6 is arranged at the outlet of the probe outer tube 1 and used for regulating the flow of the wet saturated steam, the pressure measuring point 7 is arranged at the inlet of the probe outer tube 1, the first pressure and temperature measuring point 8 is arranged in front of the check valve 5, the second pressure and temperature measuring point 9 is arranged in front of the regulating valve 6, and meanwhile, the electric heating rod 4 is provided with an electric power measuring point for feedback regulation.
The length of the evaporating section 2 and the superheating section 3 is the same.
A method for adjusting a self-feedback online monitoring system of wet steam dryness comprises the following steps;
1) The regulating valve 6 of the electric heating dryness measuring instrument regulates the flow of the extracted input probe according to the pressure of the measured steam (taken from the pressure measuring point 7), and the extracting flow of the steam with higher pressure is as small as possible;
2) According to Wen Han table of water vapor, if the enthalpy h heat of the superheated saturated vapor calculated by 8 measurement points of pressure and temperature is lower than the water vapor saturation line, that is to say, the program will report that the working medium does not meet the condition of the superheated saturated vapor according to the input temperature and pressure, at this time, the control system 10 will gradually increase the heating power of the electric heating rod 4 according to the self-feedback until the measured enthalpy h heat of the superheated saturated vapor is higher than the enthalpy value of the saturated state, and finally obtain new evaporation section heating power W heat and superheat section heating power W superheat after several iterations, wherein the measured data in the process are not counted into the real-time database;
3) According to the total flow pressure drop of the probe evaporation section in the general steam turbine operating condition range, the error of the power regulating system of the electric heating rod 4 is taken into consideration, the difference of the steam temperature before and after the superheating saturated steam superheating section 3 (taken from the first pressure and temperature measuring point 8 and the second pressure and temperature measuring point 9) needs to be more than 10 ℃, according to the temperature enthalpy calculation program of the steam, if the difference of t superheat and t heat is less than 10 ℃, the heating power of the electric heating rod 4 is gradually increased by the control system 10 according to the self-feedback, and the measured superheated saturated steam temperature t superheat after the heating of the superheating section of the electric heating rod 4 is more than 10 ℃ higher than the superheated saturated steam temperature t heat after the evaporation of the wet saturated steam, so that the heat balance calculation of the superheating section is ensured to be accurate and effective, and the new electric heating rod 4 power is obtained after several iterations;
4) If the measured enthalpy h heat of the superheated saturated steam is higher than 200kj/kg of the saturated line of the steam, and meanwhile, the difference between t superheat and t heat is larger than 20 ℃, the control system 10 will gradually reduce the heating power of the electric heating rod 4 according to the self-feedback under the conditions that the evaporation section 2 is completely evaporated and the temperature of the superheating section 3 is increased by at least 10 ℃ under the conditions that the wet steam required by the above 2) and 3) is not violated, so as to avoid the measurement error caused by radiation heat dissipation due to the excessively high heating power;
5) The self-feedback value of the power of the electric heating rod 4 is updated, namely, the dryness of the wet saturated steam is calculated in real time every 10 seconds, and the dryness of the wet saturated steam is smoothed or even subjected to secondary smoothing treatment to obtain the moving average value of the dryness of the wet saturated steam due to fluctuation of data acquired in real time:
The value of n is more than 2 minutes, and is more than or equal to 12, and the value of m is more than 10 minutes, and is more than or equal to 5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The monitoring device provided by the invention has the advantages that the electric heating rod with smooth surface and stable preservation power is directly arranged on the central axis of the wet saturated steam flow channel, the heat insulation material for preventing radiation and heat dissipation is wrapped outside the sleeve, and the integrated heating device is provided with the heat insulation outer tube, so that the structure is simple, and the cost is low. The electric power of the evaporation section and the electric power of the overheating section do not need to be adjusted respectively by the integrated electric heating rod, the calculation and the measurement are not influenced by the non-uniformity of the electric power of the local unit length of the electric heating rod, and the robustness and the practicability are greatly improved.
2) The monitoring method provided by the invention acquires a large amount of data of the thermal parameters of the wet saturated steam through high-precision measuring points, and uses the data as negative feedback to adjust the power of the electric heating rod in real time, so that the actual vaporization length of the wet saturated steam is enough to evaporate saturated water, the overheat length is enough to heat the overheat steam to higher parameters, meanwhile, the vaporization length and the overheat length cannot be too long to cause the overhigh heating power and temperature, and the introduction of scattered heat loss and measurement errors is avoided.
3) The calculation method can directly update and calculate the power of the evaporation section and the superheat section in real time, ignores a plurality of unnecessary variables from a mathematical model, for example, does not need to calculate the heating power of the evaporation section and the heating power of the superheat section respectively, does not need to calculate the vaporization length and the specific volume of the working medium, and derives the dryness calculation formula based on the calculation method, has simple principle, compacts a measuring device and improves the reliability of a probe.
4) The invention can accurately regulate the heating power by means of the high-precision electric power heating rod, thereby guaranteeing the measurement precision of the dryness of the wet saturated steam under the condition of large fluctuation of the working medium thermal parameters and realizing the long-term on-line monitoring of the working medium of the industrial boiler and the exhaust steam of the steam turbine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the self-feedback on-line monitoring system for the dryness of the wet steam comprises an insulating measuring probe outer tube 1 and an integrated uniformly heated electric heating rod 4 sleeved in a central axis, wherein the measuring probe outer tube 1 is divided into an evaporation section 2 at the front section and a superheating section 3 at the rear section, the heat exchange of the electric heating rod 4 in the evaporation section 2 is used for heating the wet saturated steam to the superheated saturated steam, the heat exchange of the electric heating rod 4 in the superheating section 3 is used for further heating the superheated saturated steam, the electric heating rod 4 is connected with a control system 10 through a cable, and the control system 10 is used for adjusting the heating power in real time according to a feedback signal.
The outer tube 1 of the heat insulation and insulation measuring probe is made of ceramic with the outer surface coated with aluminum silicate heat insulation materials, and the outer surface of the electric heating rod 4 is made of ceramic materials.
The check valve 5 is arranged at the joint of the evaporation section 2 and the superheating section 3 to prevent the backflow of the superheated saturated steam, the regulating valve 6 is arranged at the outlet of the heat-insulating measuring probe outer tube 1 and used for regulating the flow of the wet saturated steam, the pressure measuring point 7 is arranged at the inlet of the measuring probe outer tube 1, the first pressure and temperature measuring point 8 is arranged in front of the check valve 5, the second pressure and temperature measuring point 9 is arranged in front of the regulating valve 6, and meanwhile, the electric heating rod 4 is provided with an electric power measuring point for feedback regulation.
The length of the evaporating section 2 and the superheating section 3 is the same.
The specific implementation steps of the invention are as follows:
Step one
And collecting the inlet pressure, outlet pressure and temperature of the wet steam electric heating dryness measuring instrument, the pressure and temperature of the junction of the evaporation section and the superheating section and the electric power of the electric heating rod in real time.
Step two
And obtaining the saturated steam enthalpy, saturated water enthalpy, superheated saturated steam enthalpy after heating in the evaporation section and superheated saturated steam enthalpy after reheating in the superheating section of the wet saturated steam through a water and water steam Wen Han table.
Step three
And according to the obtained negative feedback pressure temperature value, the power of the electric heater is regulated and updated at any time by utilizing the control system 10, and the wet saturated steam dryness x is calculated in real time.
Step four
Smoothing the wet saturated steam dryness calculated in real time to obtain the wet saturated steam dryness after primary smoothing and secondary smoothingAnd
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
the wet saturated steam passes through the wet saturated steam electric heating rod 4 and is heated into superheated saturated steam, and the energy balance of the superheated saturated steam meets the following formula:
Moisture saturated steam dryness is defined as the mass percent of moisture contained:
hwet=xhsteam+(1-x)hwater
Wherein x—wet saturated steam dryness, -;
h wet -the enthalpy of the wet saturated steam entering the probe, kJ/kg;
h steam -the steam enthalpy of the wet saturated steam, kJ/kg;
h water -saturated water enthalpy of wet saturated steam, kJ/kg.
The saturated steam enthalpy and saturated water enthalpy of the wet saturated steam are calculated by a Wen Han table of water steam:
hsteam=F(pwet),
hwater=F (pwet)
Wherein, p wet is the wet saturated steam pressure which enters the outer tube 1 of the measuring probe, pa;
f () is the enthalpy calculation function of IAPWS-IF97(The International Association for the Properties ofWater and Steam Industrial Formulation 1997) water/steam physical open source calculation model.
The enthalpy value can be calculated by the wet saturated steam only by pressure, and the steam temperature measuring point is not required to be arranged.
The heat balance equation for the evaporator end is therefore:
Wheatηheater=M(hheat-hwet)
wherein W heat is the power of the electric heating rod 4 of the wet saturated steam in the evaporation section 2, kJ/s;
Eta heater, the efficiency of the wet saturated steam electric heating rod 4, the efficiency of a general electric heater is generally up to 0.99, and eta heater is approximately equal to 1.0;
M-wet saturated steam mass flow, kg/s;
h heat, the enthalpy of the superheated saturated steam after the wet saturated steam is evaporated 2, kJ/kg;
the enthalpy of the superheated saturated steam after the evaporation of the wet saturated steam is calculated by a Wen Han table of the water steam:
hheat=F(pheat,theat)
Wherein, p heat is the pressure of the superheated saturated steam after the evaporation of the wet saturated steam, pa;
t heat -superheated saturated steam temperature after evaporation of wet saturated steam, °c;
Then, the superheated saturated steam is heated by the superheating section 3 of the electric heating rod 4 to become superheated saturated steam with higher thermal parameters.
The energy balance of the superheating section satisfies the following formula:
Wsuperheatηheater=M(hsuperheat-hheat)
wherein W superheat is the power of the electric heater of the superheated saturated steam in the superheating section 3, kJ/s;
h superheat, the enthalpy of the superheated saturated steam after being heated by the electric heating rod superheating section 3, kJ/kg;
The enthalpy of the superheated saturated steam after the superheated saturated steam heater is calculated by a Wen Han table of water steam:
hsuperheat=F(psuperheat,tsuperheat)
Wherein, p superheat is the pressure Pa of the superheated saturated steam after the electric heating rod 4 is heated in the superheating section;
t superheat -the temperature of the superheated saturated steam after being heated by the superheating section of the electric heating rod 4;
thus, the dryness of the wet saturated steam can be deduced from the above formula:
x=[hheat-Wheat(hsuperheat-hheat)/Wsuperheat-hwater]/(hsteam-hwater)
because the evaporating section 2 and the superheating section 3 of the electric heating rod 4 have the same pipe length, W heat=Wsuperheat
The dryness formula is simplified as:
x=[2hheat-hsuperheat-hwater]/(hsteam-hwater)。
The system scheme of the specific implementation of the invention comprises the following steps:
Scheme one
The main steam pipeline of the industrial boiler has high flow speed and high temperature and pressure parameter value, and the wet saturated steam in the main steam pipeline 12 needs to be pumped out in a steam extraction mode to flow into an electric heating dryness measuring instrument 11 (namely the device shown in fig. 1), as shown in fig. 2. Because the main steam pipeline 12 is pressurized, a small stream of wet saturated steam for measurement enters through the inlet A of the connecting pipe 13, passes through the electric heating dryness measuring instrument 11 and then returns to the main steam pipeline 12 through the outlet B of the connecting pipe 13. The regulating valve 6 on the electric heating dryness measuring instrument 11 needs to regulate the flow of the wet saturated steam entering the heat insulation connecting pipe 13 to be as small as possible, and simultaneously regulate the output power of the wet saturated steam evaporation section 2 and the overheat saturated steam superheating section 3, so as to ensure that the wet saturated steam heater 2 heats up to overheat saturated steam.
Scheme II
A steam extraction device is arranged on a steam extraction pipeline 14 of a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a generator set, a small stream of steam is extracted and input into an electric heating dryness measuring instrument 11 (namely the device shown in the figure 1), and then the small stream of steam is connected with a condenser vacuum pump 16 arranged in a general power plant through a connecting pipe 13 to ensure the negative pressure of a condenser 15, so that a set of measuring system is formed, and the system is shown in the figure 3. The regulating valve 6 on the electric heating dryness measuring instrument 11 needs to regulate the flow of the wet saturated steam entering the heat insulation connecting pipe 13 to be as small as possible, and meanwhile, the heating effect of the superheating section 3 of the evaporation section 2 is ensured by regulating the heating power of the integrated electric heating rod. Because the flow rate of the wet saturated steam is very small, the pressure loss of the wet saturated steam flowing into the electric heating dryness measuring instrument 11 can be ignored, a steam pressure measuring point is not arranged before a wet saturated steam heater, and the existing low-pressure cylinder steam discharge pressure of the power plant can be directly taken.