CN113958014B - Self-adaptive variable-rigidity three-dimensional shock isolation/vibration device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the fields of civil engineering and mechanical engineering and the technical field of shock insulation/vibration, and provides a self-adaptive variable-rigidity three-dimensional shock insulation/vibration device which comprises a stress assembly for receiving impact force and an elastic support, wherein the support bears the stress assembly, and the areas of at least two cross sections in a plurality of cross sections formed by slicing the support in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the impact force are different. The variable cross-section support can provide different horizontal rigidity and damping force under different stress states, can meet the requirements of a large-span space structure and a medium-rise building on shock insulation/vibration when encountering different levels of building environmental vibration and earthquake, further achieves the purpose of self-adaptive variable rigidity, and can achieve good effects of isolating environmental vibration and vertical earthquake vibration.

Description

A three-dimensional shock/vibration isolation device with adaptive variable stiffness

technical field

The invention relates to the fields of civil engineering and mechanical engineering and the field of shock isolation/vibration technology, in particular to an adaptive variable stiffness three-dimensional shock isolation/vibration device.

Background technique

Base isolation technology is regarded as one of the most important technological advances in the field of earthquake engineering in the 20th century, and has been widely used in the world. The basic principle of seismic isolation technology is to set the seismic isolation support at the bottom of the building to obtain a seismic isolation layer with low horizontal stiffness, and reduce the seismic acceleration response of the upper structure through the filtering effect. And by setting the energy dissipation device on the seismic isolation layer to absorb and consume the earthquake vibration energy. Modern seismic isolation technology has a history in recent years and belongs to a passive vibration control technology.

However, the existing traditional building isolation bearings have the following deficiencies. First, they cannot isolate vertical seismic vibrations and horizontal micro-vibrations. A large number of earthquake damage observations and finite element analysis show that vertical earthquake action can lead to compression failure of vertical compression members of structures. With the development of urban rail transit, environmental vibrations such as subways, especially the vertical component of micro-vibrations will have a serious impact on people's living comfort. The second is that the traditional seismic isolation bearings have a contradiction in the horizontal direction between obtaining a better seismic isolation effect and controlling the limit displacement of the seismic isolation layer. If the building uses a seismic isolation bearing with a large horizontal stiffness, when traffic vibrations and earthquakes with a small magnitude occur, the external force on the isolation bearing is less than the minimum force that can deform, and the isolation bearing does not deform. It cannot play the role of shock isolation and shock absorption; if the building uses a shock-isolation support with a small horizontal stiffness, when a traffic vibration or earthquake with a large magnitude occurs, the external force on the shock-isolation support may be greater than what it can withstand When the maximum force is applied, the seismic isolation bearing will be excessively deformed or even destroyed, endangering the safety of the building.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive variable stiffness three-dimensional shock/vibration isolation device, which can at least solve some of the defects in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an adaptive variable stiffness three-dimensional shock/vibration isolation device, including a force-bearing component for meeting the impact force and an elastic support, the support carries the For the force-bearing component, among the multiple sections formed by cutting the support along a direction perpendicular to the impact force, at least two of the sections have different areas.

Further, the support includes a truncated conical body and a cylindrical body sequentially formed along the direction of the impact force, and the truncated conical body is arranged close to the force receiving component.

Further, the large-diameter end surface of the frustum-shaped body is in contact with the end surface of the cylindrical body.

Further, the support is a rubber support.

Further, the stressed assembly includes an upper connecting plate, a limit sleeve and an upper spring set, the limit sleeve has a guide shaft that can be sleeved by the upper spring set, and the upper connecting plate has an outer sleeve , the outer sleeve has a hole into which the guide shaft is inserted, and the inner diameter of the outer sleeve is equal to the outer diameter of the guide shaft.

Further, the force receiving component also includes a middle working plate and a lower spring set, the middle working plate has a guide rod for the lower spring set to be sheathed, and the guide shaft has a hole for the guide rod to be inserted into. The inner diameter of the guide shaft is equal to the outer diameter of the guide rod; before the guide shaft is inserted into the outer sleeve and the guide rod is not inserted into the guide shaft, the upper connecting plate, the position limiting The sleeve and the middle working plate are arranged sequentially along the direction of the impact force; the upper layer spring group and the lower layer spring group are also arranged sequentially along the direction of the impact force.

Further, the outer sleeve is provided with stiffening ribs.

Further, the limiting sleeve also includes a first flat plate, the guide shaft is vertically connected to the first flat plate; when there is the middle working plate, the middle working plate also includes a second flat plate, the The guide rod is vertically connected to the second flat plate.

Further, a limiting steel cylinder is provided on the side of the middle working plate away from the upper connecting plate, and the support abuts against the limiting cylinder.

Further, it also includes a lower connecting plate for resting the support.

Compared with the prior art (such as thick-walled vibration-isolation bearings, vibration-isolation grooves, etc.), the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The variable cross-section support can provide different horizontal stiffness and damping force under different stress states, which can meet the vibration isolation/vibration requirements of long-span space structures and medium and high-rise buildings when they encounter different levels of building environment vibration and earthquakes. requirements, and then achieve the purpose of self-adaptive variable stiffness, which can achieve a good effect of isolating environmental vibration and vertical ground motion.

2. Through the occlusal design of the upper connection plate and the limit sleeve, and the occlusion design of the limit sleeve and the middle operation plate, the relative levels between the upper connection plate and the limit sleeve, and between the limit sleeve and the middle operation plate The displacement and rotation angle are locked, and only vertical displacement can be generated, which decouples the vertical movement and horizontal movement of the device. The purpose of realizing motion decoupling is to enable the vertical isolation/vibration system and the horizontal isolation/vibration system to work relatively independently, and the second is to make the support under the action of the earthquake, there is no relative relationship between the upper plate and the middle plate. The horizontal displacement and rotation angle avoid the excessive swinging effect of the support, thereby achieving the purpose of self-adaptive variable stiffness, providing a more superior horizontal isolation effect and ensuring safety under large earthquakes.

3. It is carried by the upper spring group and the lower spring group in series, which has high vertical bearing capacity and appropriate vertical stiffness. Vertical isolation/vibration isolation systems can efficiently isolate building environment vibrations and vertical earthquakes. At the same time, the upper spring group and the lower spring group can also cooperate with the variable cross-section support to achieve better vertical shock absorption/vibration.

4. The present invention can more effectively isolate three-dimensional environmental vibrations in the vertical and horizontal directions. The specific performance is that when the system is subjected to micro-vibration at the equilibrium position, the displacement is small. Due to the characteristic of adaptive variable stiffness, the stiffness of the system at this time is small, and the natural frequency of the system is small or even close to zero, so it has a low initial frequency of vibration isolation. Greatly superior to traditional linear vibration isolation measures. When encountering strong vibrations (such as major earthquakes, vehicle shocks, etc.), it has higher safety. The specific performance is that when the system is subjected to strong vibration, the displacement is relatively large. Due to the adaptive stiffness characteristics, the system stiffness at this time is relatively large, which can limit the excessive displacement of the structure.

5. The overall structure is relatively simple, easy to manufacture and process, has the effect of simultaneously completing three-dimensional shock isolation, and has good overall stability and work safety.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vertical section structure of an adaptive variable stiffness three-dimensional shock isolation/vibration device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of an adaptive variable stiffness three-dimensional shock isolation/vibration device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation and vibration isolation layer of an adaptive variable stiffness three-dimensional seismic isolation/vibration device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of an upper connecting plate of an adaptive variable stiffness three-dimensional vibration isolation/vibration device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a middle plate of an adaptive variable stiffness three-dimensional shock isolation/vibration device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Among the reference signs: 1-upper connecting plate; 101-outer sleeve; 2-middle operating plate; 3-lower connecting plate; 4-upper disc spring group; 5-lower disc spring group; 6-limiting sleeve cylinder; 7-guide rod; 8-variable section laminated rubber bearing; 9-stiffener; 10-limit steel cylinder; 11-upper embedded part; 12-lower embedded part; Upper column end; 14-shock isolation/vibration floor lower column end.

detailed description

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the embodiment of the present invention provides an adaptive variable stiffness three-dimensional vibration isolation/vibration device, including a force-bearing component for meeting the impact force and an elastic support A seat, the support carries the stressed component, and among the multiple sections formed by cutting the support along a direction perpendicular to the impact force, at least two of the sections have different areas. Preferably, the support includes a truncated conical body and a cylindrical body sequentially formed along the direction of the impact force, and the truncated conical body is arranged close to the force receiving component. Preferably, the large-diameter end surface of the frustum-shaped body is in contact with the end surface of the cylindrical body. The support is a rubber support. In this embodiment, the support can be defined as a variable-section laminated rubber support 8, which has sections with multiple diameters. This structural form can provide different horizontal stiffness and damping force under different stress states, and can It meets the isolation/vibration requirements of long-span spatial structures and medium and high-rise buildings when encountering different levels of building environment vibration and earthquakes, and then achieves the purpose of adaptive variable stiffness, which can effectively isolate environmental vibration and vertical earthquake motion Effect. Specifically, it can be made of rubber or spring, as long as it is elastic. Of course, no matter what material is used, it needs to meet the elasticity requirement. Structurally, the direction of the impact force is first limited to the vertical direction as shown in Figure 2, no matter the shock/vibration force of the building or the impact force of the vehicle is all acting on the upper connecting plate 1. Besides the structure, it can adopt the combined structure of frustum of conical shape and cylindrical shape shown in this embodiment. In this way, in the frustum of conical structure, the diameter of the section gradually expands along the direction of the impact force, and the maximum is the diameter of the cylindrical structure. End faces, frustoconical structures and cylindrical structures can be smoothly connected. Certainly, besides adopting this structural form, other structural forms satisfying the requirements are all feasible.

As an optimization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. The bit sleeve 6 has a guide shaft that can be sleeved by the upper layer spring group, and the upper connecting plate 1 has an outer sleeve 101, and the outer sleeve 101 has a hole for inserting the guide shaft. The inner diameter of the barrel 101 is equal to the outer diameter of the guide shaft. Preferably, the stressed component also includes a middle working plate 2 and a lower spring set, the middle working plate 2 has a guide rod 7 for the lower spring set to be sheathed, and the guide shaft has a guide rod 7 for the guide rod 7 Inserted hole, the inner diameter of the guide shaft is equal to the outer diameter of the guide rod 7; before the guide shaft is inserted into the outer sleeve 101 and the guide rod 7 is not inserted into the guide shaft, the The upper connecting plate 1 , the limiting sleeve 6 and the middle working plate 2 are arranged sequentially along the direction of the impact force; the upper layer spring group and the lower layer spring group are also arranged sequentially along the direction of the impact force. Preferably, the outer sleeve 101 is provided with stiffening ribs 9 . The limiting sleeve 6 also includes a first flat plate, and the guide shaft is vertically connected to the first flat plate; when there is the middle working plate 2, the middle working plate 2 also includes a second flat plate, so The guide rod 7 is vertically connected to the second flat plate. The side of the middle working plate 2 away from the upper connecting plate 1 is provided with a limit steel cylinder 10, and the support is in contact with the limit cylinder. The device includes a lower connecting plate 3 for resting the support. In this embodiment, the above-mentioned force-bearing components are refined. In this embodiment, the upper spring set can be the upper disc spring set 4 , and the lower spring set can be the lower disc spring set 5 . The variable cross-section laminated rubber bearing 8 is pressed in series with the system composed of the upper disc spring group 4 and the lower disc spring group 5 . In order to strengthen the connection strength between the outer sleeve 101 and the upper connecting plate 1 , a plurality of stiffening ribs 9 are evenly arranged on the outside of the outer sleeve 101 , and the stiffening ribs 9 are fixedly connected with the upper connecting plate 1 and the outer sleeve 101 respectively. There are four stiffeners 9, which are evenly arranged on the outside of the outer sleeve 101. Of course, the number of stiffeners 9 can also be eight or other even numbers greater than or equal to 2. The upper connecting plate 1 and the limit sleeve 6 are engaged with each other, and only relative vertical movement can be realized. The limit sleeve 6 and the guide rod 7 are engaged with each other, and only relative vertical movement can be realized. The gravity of the upper shock-isolation/vibration structure is transmitted through the upper connecting plate 1 and shared by the upper disc spring group 4 and the lower disc spring group 5 . The middle work plate 2 is welded to the end of the guide rod 7, and the middle work plate 2 is welded to the limit steel cylinder 10. The variable cross-section laminated rubber bearing 8 is tightly connected with the middle working plate 2 and the lower connecting plate 3 through built-in bolts. In order to improve the overall damping characteristics of the variable cross-section laminated rubber bearing, a lead core can be installed in the middle of the support to increase the damping force of the variable cross-section laminated rubber bearing, enhance its energy dissipation capacity, and play a better buffering effect . The upper connecting plate 1 and the limit sleeve 6 are engaged with each other, and the limit sleeve 6 and the guide rod 7 are engaged with each other, so that the relative horizontal displacement and the rotation angle between the upper connecting plate 1 and the limit sleeve 6 are locked. When vertical movement is generated, the relative horizontal displacement and rotation angle locking between the limit sleeve 6 and the guide rod 7 can only produce vertical movement, so that the vertical movement and horizontal movement of the support are decoupled. The inner diameter of the outer sleeve 101 of the upper connecting plate 1 is equal to the outer diameter of the limiting sleeve 6, so that the limiting sleeve 6 can be tightly nested into the outer sleeve 101 of the upper connecting plate 1, and the two are engaged with each other, so that the upper The relative horizontal displacement and rotation angle between the connecting plate 1 and the limit sleeve 6 are locked. The inner diameter of the limit sleeve 6 is equal to the outer diameter of the guide rod 7, so that the guide rod 7 can be tightly nested into the limit sleeve 6, and the two are engaged with each other, so that the relative relationship between the limit sleeve 6 and the guide rod 7 Horizontal displacement and corner locking. When the support bears the load of the upper building structure, the upper connecting plate and the middle working plate undergo relative compression displacement, and the two achieve occlusion. At this time, only vertical relative movement can take place between the upper connecting plate and the middle working plate, and the relative horizontal movement and rotation angle are all locked. Based on this design, the decoupling of the horizontal motion and vertical motion of the support is realized. The lower disc spring group 5 is set outside the guide rod 7, the lower disc spring group 5 is placed directly above the middle work plate 2, the guide rod 7 is welded on the middle work plate 2, and the limit sleeve 6 is set outside the guide rod 7 , the lower part of the limit sleeve 6 is in contact with the lower disc spring group 5 but not connected, the upper disc spring group 4 is set outside the limit sleeve 6, and the upper end of the limit sleeve 6 extends into the inner sleeve of the upper connecting plate 1 In the cylinder; the upper connecting plate 1 and the limit sleeve 6 are engaged with each other to realize the motion-oriented design; the limit sleeve 6 and the guide rod 7 are also engaged with each other; when the device bears the load of the upper building structure, the upper connecting plate 1 and the limit sleeve The vertical relative displacement of the cylinder 6 occurs; the vertical relative displacement occurs between the limit sleeve 6 and the guide rod 7; Connection; the upper connecting plate 1 is connected with the stiffener 9, and the bottom of the middle working plate 2 is connected with the limit steel cylinder 10. The upper connecting plate 1 and the stiffener 9 of the device are directly connected by welding; the bottom of the middle working plate 2 and the limit steel cylinder 10 are directly connected by welding. The upper connecting plate 1 and the limit sleeve 6 are engaged with each other, and the limit sleeve 6 and the guide rod 7 are engaged with each other, realizing the motion-oriented design. When the device is at rest or in motion, the upper disc spring group 4, the lower disc spring group 5 and the variable cross-section laminated rubber bearing 8 jointly undertake the upper structure.

As an optimization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 3, the upper embedded part 11 and the lower embedded part 12 are pre-embedded in the upper column end of the seismic isolation/vibration layer and the lower column end of the seismic isolation/vibration layer respectively by pouring .

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

The deficiencies of traditional seismic isolation bearings are solved by changing the cross-section of the bearing and setting the limit device, and it has adaptive stiffness characteristics. The adaptive stiffness characteristic means that the stiffness of the system can change with the displacement of the system, which is a passive nonlinear property. The self-adaptive stiffness of the support in the present invention specifically means that when the horizontal displacement is small, the support provides relatively small stiffness; when the horizontal displacement is large, the support provides relatively large stiffness. At the same time, due to the existence of the upper vertical isolation device, the vertical pressure change of the laminated rubber bearing part is controlled by the vertical isolation effect, and the change is small, and the vertical pressure has a greater impact on the mechanical properties of its horizontal isolation. The horizontal vibration isolation effect is more stable than that of the traditional laminated rubber bearing; the tensile bearing capacity of the variable cross-section laminated rubber bearing 8 is sufficient to meet the requirements of the overall stability and work safety of the three-dimensional seismic isolation device.

The upper vertical shock isolation/vibration device bears the vertical load and isolates the vertical shock/vibration. It has sufficient vertical bearing capacity in normal use and vibration isolation/vibration, and has strong self-resetting ability and adaptive stiffness characteristics. Vertical stiffness can change with the vertical displacement of the system, which is a passive nonlinear property. The self-adaptive stiffness of the vertical vibration isolation/vibration system in the present invention specifically refers to that when the vertical displacement is small, the upper disc spring group 4 and the lower disc spring group 5 form a series connection and work together. At this time, the vertical stiffness of the system is higher Small, when the upper structure bears relatively large vibration/vibration, the device is subjected to an increased downward force, and the upper disc spring group 4 is continuously compressed until the upper end of the limit sleeve 6 contacts the bottom surface of the groove of the upper connecting plate 1, and the upper disc The movement of the disc spring group 4 reaches the limit position, and now the upper disc spring group 4 quits work, and the lower disc spring group 5 continues to work, thereby playing the characteristic of self-adaptive variable stiffness. It does not require energy from the outside world, and can also obtain lower static stiffness and higher dynamic stiffness by properly adjusting system parameters, so that it has good low-frequency shock isolation/vibration performance on the basis of ensuring bearing capacity, and is suitable for environments such as subways The vertical component of vibration and ground motion has better isolation/vibration effect. At the same time, because it provides greater stiffness in the state of large displacement, it can well control the displacement in the limit state. Compared with other current research results, the isolation/vibration device is simple in principle and structure, easy to implement, low in cost and safer and more reliable.

In the horizontal direction of the support, a seismic isolation/vibration system with adaptive stiffness is obtained by changing the cross section of the support and setting a limit device. The variable cross-section laminated rubber bearing 8 provides horizontal nonlinear stiffness while bearing vertical pressure. When the horizontal displacement of the vibration isolation/vibration layer is small, the upper part of the variable cross-section laminated rubber bearing 8 provides a smaller horizontal stiffness. At this time, the system stiffness is small, which is beneficial to obtain a good shock isolation/vibration effect; when the shock isolation/vibration layer displacement is large, the movement of the upper part of the variable cross-section laminated rubber bearing 8 reaches the limit position, and the limit steel cylinder 10 and the variable The middle part of the cross-section laminated rubber bearing 8 is in contact, and the lower part of the variable-section laminated rubber bearing 8 continues to move horizontally. At this time, the higher horizontal stiffness of the system is beneficial to control the displacement of the isolation/vibration structure under the limit state.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (3)

1. A self-adaptive variable-rigidity three-dimensional shock isolation/vibration device is characterized in that: the support bears the stress assembly, and in a plurality of sections formed by slicing the support in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the impact force, the areas of at least two sections are different; the support comprises a truncated cone-shaped body and a cylindrical body which are sequentially formed along the direction of the impact force, and the truncated cone-shaped body is arranged close to the stress assembly; the large-caliber end face of the circular truncated cone-shaped body is attached to the end face of the cylindrical body; the stress assembly comprises an upper connecting plate, a limiting sleeve and an upper spring set, the limiting sleeve is provided with a guide shaft for the upper spring set to be sleeved, the upper connecting plate is provided with an outer sleeve, the outer sleeve is provided with a hole for the guide shaft to be inserted, and the inner diameter of the outer sleeve is equal to the outer diameter of the guide shaft; the stress assembly further comprises a middle working plate and a lower spring group, the middle working plate is provided with a guide rod for the lower spring group to be sleeved, the guide shaft is provided with a hole for the guide rod to be inserted, and the inner diameter of the guide shaft is equal to the outer diameter of the guide rod; before the guide shaft is not inserted into the outer sleeve and the guide rod is not inserted into the guide shaft, the upper connecting plate, the limiting sleeve and the middle working plate are sequentially arranged along the direction of impact force; the upper layer spring group and the lower layer spring group are also sequentially arranged along the direction of the impact force; the limiting sleeve further comprises a first flat plate, and the guide shaft is vertically connected to the first flat plate; when the middle working plate is arranged, the middle working plate also comprises a second flat plate, and the guide rod is vertically connected to the second flat plate; one side of the middle working plate, which is far away from the upper connecting plate, is provided with a limiting steel cylinder, and the support is abutted against the limiting steel cylinder; the support also comprises a lower connecting plate for placing the support.

2. The self-adaptive variable-stiffness three-dimensional vibration isolating/damping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the support is a rubber support.

3. The self-adaptive variable-stiffness three-dimensional vibration isolating/damping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a stiffening rib is arranged outside the outer sleeve.

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