CN113922481B - Protection and monitoring system for automatic switching of multiple power sources - Google Patents
Protection and monitoring system for automatic switching of multiple power sources Download PDFInfo
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- CN113922481B CN113922481B CN202111066322.2A CN202111066322A CN113922481B CN 113922481 B CN113922481 B CN 113922481B CN 202111066322 A CN202111066322 A CN 202111066322A CN 113922481 B CN113922481 B CN 113922481B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/068—Electronic means for switching from one power supply to another power supply, e.g. to avoid parallel connection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/10—Current supply arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种多电源自动切换的保护和监控系统，具有常用电源和备用电源的两种外接电源，常用电源与备用电源之间连接有执行马达，控制器连接并控制执行马达的切换动作；两种外接电源的共用输出电路通过主电路依次连接有第一UPS、用电器，第一UPS可再通过支电路依次连开关电源、网关。共用输出电路上设置有多功能测量表，多功能测量表的输出端依次连接通信模块A、网关、通信模块B、控制器。网关能够发送无线信号，通过控制器的控制让执行马达实现切换动作。应用本发明后，操作人员可现场操作，也可远程发送指令，可自动也可手动，高效安全便捷。
The present invention discloses a protection and monitoring system for automatic switching of multiple power supplies, which has two external power supplies of a common power supply and a backup power supply. An execution motor is connected between the common power supply and the backup power supply, and a controller is connected to and controls the switching action of the execution motor; the common output circuit of the two external power supplies is connected to a first UPS and an electrical appliance in sequence through a main circuit, and the first UPS can be connected to a switch power supply and a gateway in sequence through a branch circuit. A multifunctional measuring meter is provided on the common output circuit, and the output end of the multifunctional measuring meter is connected to a communication module A, a gateway, a communication module B, and a controller in sequence. The gateway can send wireless signals, and the execution motor can realize the switching action through the control of the controller. After applying the present invention, the operator can operate on site, or send instructions remotely, automatically or manually, which is efficient, safe and convenient.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及一种电源切换电路及其控制技术。The invention relates to a power switching circuit and a control technology thereof.
背景技术Background technique
一般一些重要的用电单位，如医院、学校、政府等都是双电源用户。通过共用电源和备用电源两条线路对其供电，降低停电的风险。当一条线路出现故障停电后，另一条线路接着开始对其供电。Generally, some important power users, such as hospitals, schools, and governments, are dual power users. They are powered by two lines, the common power supply and the backup power supply, to reduce the risk of power outages. When one line fails and the power goes out, the other line will continue to supply power.
但是，用户的备用电源及其自动装置、双头开关等，往往不归供电部门管理，能否保证可靠切换动作，能否在切换备用电源时与公用电源的连接断开，避免反送电的同时保证用户用电设备的持续运行，是供电部门和用电单位都很关注的一个问题。However, the user's backup power supply and its automatic devices, double-head switches, etc. are often not managed by the power supply department. Whether reliable switching can be guaranteed, whether the connection with the public power supply can be disconnected when switching the backup power supply, and whether reverse power supply can be avoided while ensuring the continuous operation of the user's electrical equipment are issues that both the power supply department and the power user are concerned about.
专利申请号为2018104307394的发明公开了一种具有延时保护的主备用电源切换装置，包括接触器、过载保护机构、延时保护机构。接触器线圈接主电源，当主电源通电时，接触器衔铁吸合，带动动触点与主电源触点接通，由主电源供电。当主电源断电时，接触器线圈失电，接触器衔铁在弹簧力的作用下断开，带动动触点与备用电源触点接通，由备用电源供电。该发明能自动切换，但是不能人为控制，在意外情况下有隐患。The invention with patent application number 2018104307394 discloses a main-backup power switching device with delayed protection, including a contactor, an overload protection mechanism, and a delayed protection mechanism. The contactor coil is connected to the main power supply. When the main power supply is powered on, the contactor armature is attracted, driving the moving contact to connect with the main power supply contact, and the power is supplied by the main power supply. When the main power supply is powered off, the contactor coil loses power, and the contactor armature is disconnected under the action of the spring force, driving the moving contact to connect with the backup power supply contact, and the power is supplied by the backup power supply. The invention can switch automatically, but it cannot be manually controlled, and there are hidden dangers in unexpected situations.
专利申请号为2016102002528的发明提供了一种CEMS的双电源切换控制回路，所述CEMS供电主线依次通过交流接触器KM1的常开辅助触点KM1-1和开关K1与保安段电源连接，常闭辅助触点KM2-2与交流接触器KM1串联后于常开辅助触点KM1-1和开关K1之间与保安段电源的L1和N1串联；该发明通过采用UPS电源和保安段电源互锁供电，确保CEMS双电源切换，解决了单一供电失电时重要设备因失电而重启的问题。但是该发明未能解决外接电源长久断电引起UPS欠压的问题。The invention with patent application number 2016102002528 provides a dual power switching control circuit for CEMS, wherein the CEMS power supply main line is connected to the security section power supply through the normally open auxiliary contact KM1-1 of the AC contactor KM1 and the switch K1 in turn, and the normally closed auxiliary contact KM2-2 is connected in series with the AC contactor KM1 and then connected in series with the L1 and N1 of the security section power supply between the normally open auxiliary contact KM1-1 and the switch K1; the invention ensures the dual power switching of CEMS by using the interlocking power supply of UPS power supply and security section power supply, and solves the problem of important equipment restarting due to power failure when a single power supply fails. However, the invention fails to solve the problem of UPS undervoltage caused by long-term power failure of the external power supply.
发明内容Summary of the invention
发明目的：Purpose of the invention:
提供一种可以远程控制、自动或者手动切换双路外接电源，结合不间断电源的使用，使得用电设备持续有电的多电源自动切换的保护和监控系统。Provided is a multi-power automatic switching protection and monitoring system that can remotely control, automatically or manually switch dual-circuit external power supplies and, in combination with an uninterruptible power supply, ensure that electrical equipment has continuous power.
技术方案：Technical solutions:
本发明的多电源自动切换的保护和监控系统，具有常用电源和备用电源的两种外接电源，另具有能够接受切换指令并发出控制信号的控制器、连接并能接接受控制器控制信号执行电源切换动作的执行马达。The protection and monitoring system for automatic switching of multiple power sources of the present invention has two external power sources, namely a normal power source and a backup power source, and also has a controller capable of receiving switching instructions and sending control signals, and an execution motor connected to and capable of receiving the control signal of the controller to execute the power switching action.
常用电源与备用电源之间连接有执行马达，通过控制器控制执行马达的切换动作，实现常用电源和备用电源的切换(如双向刀开关的切换或者电磁继电器的切换)。An actuator motor is connected between the normal power supply and the backup power supply. The controller controls the switching action of the actuator motor to achieve the switching of the normal power supply and the backup power supply (such as the switching of a two-way knife switch or the switching of an electromagnetic relay).
另还有能够测量电路电压参数的多功能测量表，能够输出电压或者电流参数信号的通信模块A，能够将交流电变为直流电的开关电源(可将380V或者220V的交流电压，转换为12-36V的直流电压)，能够接受通信模块A的电信号并发出无线信号的网关。There is also a multifunctional measuring meter that can measure circuit voltage parameters, a communication module A that can output voltage or current parameter signals, a switching power supply that can convert AC power into DC power (it can convert 380V or 220V AC voltage into 12-36V DC voltage), and a gateway that can receive electrical signals from communication module A and send wireless signals.
两种外接电源具有共用输出电路(三相四线电路或者单相电路)，共用输出电路通过主路开关连接一条主电路，主电路中依次连接有第一UPS电源、用电器(如服务器)；共用输出电路之后，用电器之前的电路中还通过支路开关连接有一条支电路，支电路依次连接开关电源、网关。The two external power supplies have a common output circuit (three-phase four-wire circuit or single-phase circuit), which is connected to a main circuit through a main switch, and the main circuit is connected to the first UPS power supply and electrical appliances (such as servers) in sequence; after the common output circuit, a branch circuit is connected in the circuit before the electrical appliances through a branch switch, and the branch circuit is connected to the switching power supply and the gateway in sequence.
第一UPS连接在主电路中，既能够给予自身充电，又能够提供一定的电量给用电器，当两种外接电源均断电时，还能维持用电器使用一段时间。The first UPS is connected to the main circuit, which can charge itself and provide a certain amount of power to electrical appliances. When both external power sources are cut off, the electrical appliances can still be used for a period of time.
支电路连接在共用输出电路之后、第一UPS之前的电路中，在支电路中可先连接第二UPS电源，既能够充电，又能够提供电量给后续的开关电源和网关，当两种外接电源均断电时，还能维持网关(或及开关电源)使用一段时间。The branch circuit is connected in the circuit after the common output circuit and before the first UPS. The second UPS power supply can be connected first in the branch circuit, which can not only charge but also provide power to the subsequent switching power supply and gateway. When both external power supplies are powered off, the gateway (or the switching power supply) can still be used for a period of time.
当然，也可以省去第二UPS，在第一UPS与用电器之间的电路中，引出支电路，直接连接到开关电源，再连接到网关，由第一UPS给开关电源和网关供电。Of course, the second UPS can also be omitted, and a branch circuit can be led out in the circuit between the first UPS and the electrical appliance, directly connected to the switching power supply, and then connected to the gateway, and the first UPS supplies power to the switching power supply and the gateway.
在共用输出电路上设置有多功能测量表，读取并判断电路的供电电压是否正常。A multifunctional measuring meter is provided on the common output circuit to read and judge whether the power supply voltage of the circuit is normal.
多功能测量表的电压信号输出端连接到通信模块A，通信模块A再连接到网关。The voltage signal output terminal of the multifunctional measuring meter is connected to the communication module A, and the communication module A is further connected to the gateway.
网关能够发送无线信号，事先安装了具有电源监控功能小程序或者APP的手机，能够接受网关的无线信号，提醒持有该手机的操作人员，该电压信号有无异常。The gateway can send wireless signals. Mobile phones that have installed a mini-program or APP with a power monitoring function in advance can receive the wireless signals from the gateway and remind the operator holding the mobile phone whether there is any abnormality in the voltage signal.
如果电压信号异常(通常为减小)，表明常用电源已经断电。操作人员此时可以在现场或者远程给控制器发送切换指令，接着控制器控制执行马达的切换动作，实现从常用电源到备用电源的切换。If the voltage signal is abnormal (usually decreasing), it indicates that the normal power supply has been cut off. The operator can then send a switching command to the controller on-site or remotely, and then the controller controls the motor to switch, realizing the switch from the normal power supply to the backup power supply.
而当常用电源恢复供电后，操作人员再在现场或远程给予切换指令给控制器，控制器再控制执行马达，将电路开关从备用电源切换到常用电源。When the normal power supply is restored, the operator gives a switching instruction to the controller on site or remotely, and the controller controls the actuator motor to switch the circuit switch from the backup power supply to the normal power supply.
本发明中优选：In the present invention, preferably:
网关中安装有类似手机卡的芯片，网关之后通过通信模块B连接到控制器。A chip similar to a mobile phone card is installed in the gateway, which is then connected to the controller through communication module B.
当网关发出电压异常减小的信号后，操作人员通过手机远程发出指令给网关，网关通过通信模块B给控制器自动发出切换指令，执行马达实现电源切换动作。When the gateway sends a signal that the voltage is abnormally reduced, the operator remotely sends a command to the gateway via a mobile phone. The gateway automatically sends a switching command to the controller through communication module B, executing the motor to implement the power switching action.
当常用电源恢复供电后，操作人员再远程发出人工切换指令给控制器，控制器再控制执行马达，将电路开关从备用电源切换到常用电源。When the normal power supply is restored, the operator remotely sends a manual switching command to the controller, and the controller controls the actuator motor to switch the circuit switch from the backup power supply to the normal power supply.
本发明中进一步优选，多功能测量表还能够监测电流瞬间波动值：In the present invention, it is further preferred that the multifunctional measuring meter can also monitor the instantaneous fluctuation value of the current:
在常用电源与执行马达之间的输入电路上，设置有监测电路的电流瞬时波动值的电流取样仪器，该取样仪器连接到多功能测量表。当常用电源的电压波动即将断电的瞬间，电路中的电流首先会瞬时增大，然后在完全断电后变为零。A current sampling instrument for monitoring the instantaneous fluctuation value of the current in the circuit is provided on the input circuit between the common power supply and the actuator motor, and the sampling instrument is connected to the multi-function measuring meter. When the voltage fluctuation of the common power supply is about to be cut off, the current in the circuit will first increase instantaneously, and then become zero after the power is completely cut off.
在该常用电源的输入电路A中(如一根火线或者零线上)可以串联连接一个高压工频(50-60Hz)电容，电路在工频工作时，该电容几乎没有损耗。而当电路即将断路的瞬间，电容储存的电能瞬间反向放电，导致电路中的电流会异常增大。In the input circuit A of the common power supply (such as a live wire or a neutral wire), a high-voltage power frequency (50-60Hz) capacitor can be connected in series. When the circuit is working at the power frequency, the capacitor has almost no loss. When the circuit is about to be disconnected, the electric energy stored in the capacitor is instantly reversely discharged, causing the current in the circuit to increase abnormally.
具有电源监控功能的小程序或者APP的内置程序中，可以预置有当输入电路A的电流瞬时异常增大时，无需人工触摸手机；手机接收网关发出的信号后即可自动给予网关发出反馈信号，并自动通过信号模块B传送给控制器，自动控制执行马达实现即时切换动作。从而保证常用电源即将断电瞬间切换到备用电源，真正达到双电源无缝切换的功能。In the applet or built-in program of the APP with power monitoring function, it can be preset that when the current of input circuit A increases abnormally instantly, there is no need to touch the mobile phone manually; after the mobile phone receives the signal sent by the gateway, it can automatically send a feedback signal to the gateway, and automatically transmit it to the controller through the signal module B, and automatically control the execution motor to realize the instant switching action. In this way, it is ensured that the normal power supply is switched to the backup power supply instantly when the power is about to be cut off, and the function of seamless switching of dual power supplies is truly achieved.
有益效果：Beneficial effects:
本发明不仅能够实现外电路双电源的切换，还能够人工控制切换时机，避免电源切换时用电电路出现用电危险状况。主电路与支电路中均具有UPS电源，保证用电器和网关均能够连续工作在有电状态。而且，网关采用安全电压，确保支电路安全可靠。The present invention can not only realize the switching of dual power supplies of the external circuit, but also manually control the switching timing to avoid dangerous power consumption in the power circuit when the power supply is switched. Both the main circuit and the branch circuit have UPS power supplies to ensure that the electrical appliances and the gateway can work continuously in a powered state. Moreover, the gateway uses a safe voltage to ensure that the branch circuit is safe and reliable.
手机接收到信号后，操作人员可以现场操作，也可以远程发送指令操作；根据需要人工监控和自动监控相结合，既安全又方便。After the mobile phone receives the signal, the operator can operate on-site or send instructions remotely; manual monitoring and automatic monitoring are combined as needed, which is both safe and convenient.
内接的UPS电源既可单独设置使用，也可以共用，节省系统的部分投资费用。The internal UPS power supply can be used individually or in common, saving part of the system investment cost.
本发明还可检测常用电源输入端的电流异常变化，后续的网关、控制器、执行马达等等线路元器件瞬时(微秒级)做出反应，确保外接电源无缝切换；即使两个UPS均失去储能功能，用电器仍然能够连续正常工作。The present invention can also detect abnormal changes in current at the input end of the common power supply, and subsequent gateways, controllers, actuator motors and other line components react instantly (in microseconds) to ensure seamless switching of external power supplies; even if both UPSs lose their energy storage function, electrical appliances can still continue to work normally.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明的一种电路结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of the present invention.
图中：1-常用电源；2-备用电源；3-通信模块B；4-手机；5-执行马达；6-多功能测量表；7-第一UPS电源；8-用电器；9-通信模块A；11-开关电源；12-网关；13-电流取样仪器；30-控制器；31-电容。In the figure: 1-normal power supply; 2-backup power supply; 3-communication module B; 4-mobile phone; 5-executing motor; 6-multi-function measuring meter; 7-first UPS power supply; 8-electrical appliances; 9-communication module A; 11-switching power supply; 12-gateway; 13-current sampling instrument; 30-controller; 31-capacitor.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示的多电源自动切换的保护和监控系统，具有常用电源和备用电源的两种外接电源，另具有控制器、执行马达；常用电源与备用电源之间连接有执行马达，来实现常用电源和备用电源的切换。The protection and monitoring system for automatic switching of multiple power supplies as shown in FIG1 has two external power supplies, namely, a normal power supply and a backup power supply, and also has a controller and an actuator motor; an actuator motor is connected between the normal power supply and the backup power supply to realize the switching between the normal power supply and the backup power supply.
两种外接电源具有共用输出电路，共用输出电路通过主路开关连接一条主电路，主电路中依次连接有第一UPS、用电器；第一UPS之后、服务器之前的电路通过一条支电路，依次连接开关电源、网关；The two external power supplies have a common output circuit, which is connected to a main circuit through a main switch, and the main circuit is connected to the first UPS and electrical appliances in sequence; the circuit after the first UPS and before the server is connected to the switch power supply and the gateway in sequence through a branch circuit;
另具有多功能测量表用于测量共用电路的电压信号，电压信号输出到通信模块A，通信模块A连接到网关，网关能够发送电压的无线信号。In addition, a multifunctional measuring meter is provided for measuring the voltage signal of the common circuit. The voltage signal is output to the communication module A. The communication module A is connected to the gateway, and the gateway can send a wireless signal of the voltage.
事先安装了电源监控功能APP的手机，能够接受网关的无线信号；操作人员根据手机的无线信号是否异常减小，给控制器发送切换指令，控制器控制执行马达的切换动作。A mobile phone with the power monitoring function APP installed in advance can receive the wireless signal of the gateway; the operator sends a switching instruction to the controller based on whether the wireless signal of the mobile phone is abnormally reduced, and the controller controls the switching action of the execution motor.
在输入电路A中的零线上还串联有一个高压工频电容；电源监控功能APP的内置程序中，预置有当输入电路A的电流瞬时异常增大时，手机自动给予网关发出反馈，网关自动通过信号模块B传送给控制器，自动控制执行马达实现外接双电源的即时切换动作。There is also a high-voltage industrial frequency capacitor connected in series on the neutral line of the input circuit A. In the built-in program of the power monitoring function APP, it is preset that when the current of the input circuit A increases abnormally instantaneously, the mobile phone automatically gives feedback to the gateway, and the gateway automatically transmits it to the controller through the signal module B, automatically controlling the execution motor to realize the instant switching action of the external dual power supply.
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