CN113898081A - 一种轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构 - Google Patents

一种轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构 Download PDF

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CN113898081A
CN113898081A CN202111246811.6A CN202111246811A CN113898081A CN 113898081 A CN113898081 A CN 113898081A CN 202111246811 A CN202111246811 A CN 202111246811A CN 113898081 A CN113898081 A CN 113898081A
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邓高峰
关运龙
佟昊
毕然冉
代雯华
刘璐
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CABR Technology Co Ltd
China Academy of Building Research CABR
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Abstract

本发明提供一种轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，其包括太阳能光伏组件、保温层、围护结构和固定结构。光伏组件与墙体构成“轻壳”，两者之间的空隙由保温材料填充。太阳能光伏组件通过锚固件挂贴的方式连同保温层直接与墙体一体化集成、或通过龙骨架与墙体进行锚接。太阳能光伏组件为建筑物提供电力，实现建筑节能。光伏组件背后设有流体通道，通过液体冷却或空气冷却的方式收集光伏余热，降低光伏板温度提高发电效率的同时实现光伏光热一体化应用。本发明能够将不易成形的保温材料包裹于太阳能光伏组件与墙体之间作为墙体外保温层，拓宽了保温材料的选择范围，同时利用光伏板抵挡冲击以提高保温层稳固性及防火性能。

Description

一种轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)技术领域以及墙体外保温技术领域，具体为一种轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构。
背景技术
光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)，具体是一种将太阳能光伏集成到建筑上的技术，如光电瓦屋顶、光电幕墙和光电采光顶等。BIPV技术在满足建筑美学及安全性能的同时，实现了对城市建筑建材的节能减排、绿色环保需求，已经成为光伏建筑的重要发展趋势之一。然而，一方面由于光伏组件温度过高导致的转化效率低下、使用寿命降低；另一方面由于安装结构、安装强度以及安装成本的限制，BIPV技术并未能实现大规模的应用。因此如何突破施工方式的限制、降低组件温度提高使用寿命始终是BIPV技术发展的难点。
目前常用的外墙保温材料主要有岩棉、玻璃棉、挤塑板、聚氨酯发泡、酚醛泡沫板等材料。由于“开裂、空鼓、脱落、保温却不阻燃、阻燃又不能满足节能建筑保温要求”等原因，相关政策禁限了绝大部分包括各种板材的薄抹灰外保温系统在内的一部分外墙外保温体系，材料性能及施工方式难有突破，而新型保温材料气凝胶等又具有难以成型的缺点，使保温材料的选择存在很大的局限性。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体，晶硅类或薄膜类光伏组件与保温材料和墙体直接一体集成，作为建筑屋顶或建筑墙体的表层结构，同时实现建筑保温、光伏发电以及光伏余热利用的功能。
本发明的一种轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，包括太阳能光伏组件、保温层、围护结构和固定结构，保温层通过固定结构固定于太阳能光伏组件和围护结构之间；太阳能光伏组件的背部设有流体通道，流体通道内设有传热介质。
进一步地，所述固定结构包括预埋槽和锚固件；预埋槽设置于围护结构中，用于锚固件的固定；锚固件将保温层与太阳能光伏组件通过锚固的方式集成于围护结构。
进一步地，所述轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构还包括龙骨结构，固定于保温层、围护结构之间。
进一步地，所述龙骨结构包括龙骨立柱和龙骨横梁，龙骨立柱与龙骨横梁垂直相交，龙骨立柱和龙骨横梁通过连接件与太阳能光伏组件和保温层固定，龙骨立柱和龙骨横梁通过锚固件与围护结构固定。
进一步地，所述龙骨结构材料为型钢，龙骨立柱和龙骨横梁构成型钢支架。
进一步地，所述连接件位于太阳能光伏组件的光伏板之间的缝隙处。
进一步地，所述太阳能光伏组件的材料包括下列中的一种：晶硅类电池、薄膜类电池、染料敏化电池。
进一步地，所述流体通道内的传热介质是液体或气体。
进一步地，所述保温层的材料为下列中的一种：气凝胶、岩棉、无机活性外墙保温材料、硅酸盐保温材料、陶瓷保温材料、胶粉聚苯颗粒、钢丝网采水泥泡沫板、挤塑板、硬泡聚氨酯现场喷涂、硬泡聚氨酯保温板、喷涂聚氨酯硬泡、EPS泡沫板、真空绝热板。
进一步地，所述围护结构包括墙体结构和/或屋面结构。
本发明安装结构简单，简化了施工环节；扩大了墙体外保温材料选择范围，为气凝胶等不成形的保温材料提供了应用方法，能够有效提升建筑保温性能；同时光伏组件作为墙体或屋面的外表面，能够承担抗冲击的任务，防止保温层脱落，提高围护结构防火性能；光伏组件能够为建筑提供电力，推动建筑由耗能者向产能者转变，实现光伏建筑一体化；光伏组件背部铺设流体通道，由内部介质吸收光伏组件由于阳光持续照射产生的余热，降低光伏组件温度，提高光伏组件的发电效率，延长光伏组件的使用寿命。光伏余热可直接加热热水、热风供暖、亦可作为空气源热泵或地源热泵的低温热源，实现光伏光热综合利用。本发明属于真正意义上的BIPV产品，十分符合建筑行业节能减排的发展趋势，有力推进了BIPV技术的应用进程。本发明亦可用于研究BIPV组件作为建筑围护结构对其热工性能产生的影响。
附图说明
图1为轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体直接锚固方式示意图。
图2为轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体龙骨连接方式示意图。
图3位龙骨立柱和龙骨横梁构成的型钢支架示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例和附图，对本发明做进一步详细说明。
本发明公开了一种新型轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，第一种实施方式由图1所示，1是太阳能光伏组件、2是保温层、3是预埋槽、4是组件背部流体通道、5是锚固件、6是围护结构。
太阳能光伏组件1通过光电转化为建筑物提供电力。保温层2是在由太阳光伏组件1与围护结构6间构成的空隙，由保温材料填充。预埋槽3预先埋于围护结构6的内部，用于锚固件5的固定。组件背部流体通道4铺设于太阳能光伏组件1的背部，其内部介质通过循环集中光伏余热并进行利用。锚固件5将保温层2与太阳能光伏组件1通过锚固的方式集成于围护结构6，构成外保温光伏光热一体化墙体。
第二种实施方式如图2所示，与第一种实施方式的区别在于太阳能光伏组件1与围护结构6的连接方式：太阳能光伏组件1通过连接件9连接于龙骨立柱7与龙骨横梁8构成的龙骨结构上。龙骨立柱7与龙骨横梁8构成的龙骨结构通过锚固件5固定于围护结构6上进而实现外保温光伏光热墙体一体化。
其中，龙骨为型钢，龙骨立柱7、龙骨横梁8也称为型钢立柱、型钢横梁，龙骨立柱7、龙骨横梁8垂直相交(相交处采用螺栓等形式固定连接)，构成型钢支架，如图3所示，是一种用于固定太阳能光伏组件1的钢结构固定支架。除型钢外也可以采用铝合金等其他材料。
其中，连接件9位于太阳能光伏组件1的光伏板之间的缝隙处，穿过保温层2，将太阳能光伏组件1与龙骨立柱7、龙骨横梁8构成的龙骨结构连接，起到固定作用。保温层2可以包含多块保温板材，连接件9位于保温板材之间的缝隙处。连接件9可以采用多种形式实现，只要能实现上述固定功能即可。
太阳能光伏组件1的材料具体可以包括：晶硅类电池、薄膜类电池(CIGS、CdTe)、染料敏化电池等。
组件背部流体通道4是在太阳能光伏组件1背部铺设的流体通道，其内的传热介质具体可以包括液体、气体。由内部介质吸收光伏组件由于阳光持续照射产生的余热，降低光伏组件温度，提高光伏组件的发电效率，延长光伏组件的使用寿命。光伏余热可直接加热热水、热风供暖、亦可作为空气源热泵或地源热泵的低温热源，实现光伏光热综合利用。
太阳能光伏组件1与围护结构6间的填充材料即保温层2具体可以包括：气凝胶、岩棉、无机活性外墙保温材料、硅酸盐保温材料、陶瓷保温材料、胶粉聚苯颗粒、钢丝网采水泥泡沫板(舒乐板)、挤塑板XPS、硬泡聚氨酯现场喷涂、硬泡聚氨酯保温板、喷涂聚氨酯硬泡、EPS泡沫板、真空绝热板(VIP板)等。
第一种实施方式适用于气凝胶、发泡等不易成型的保温材料，第二种实施方式适用于挤塑板等易成形的保温材料。
围护结构6具体可以包括建筑物里面的墙体结构及平屋顶、坡屋顶等屋面结构。
其它实施方式中，可以将本发明的结构扩大为一个单元，形成外保温光伏光热一体板，并在围护结构表面进行整体施工。
本发明中太阳能光伏组件与墙体构成“轻壳”，两者之间的空隙可由板式、发泡型、气凝胶等保温材料填充。太阳能光伏组件通过锚固件挂贴的方式连同保温层直接与墙体一体化集成、或通过龙骨架与墙体进行锚接。太阳能光伏组件为建筑物提供电力，实现建筑节能。光伏组件背后设有流体通道，通过液体冷却或空气冷却的方式收集光伏余热，用于热风供暖、加热热水或作为低温热源，降低光伏板温度提高发电效率的同时实现光伏光热一体化应用。本发明能够将砂浆、气凝胶等不易成形的保温材料包裹于太阳能光伏组件与墙体之间作为墙体外保温层，拓宽了保温材料的选择范围，同时还能利用光伏板抵挡冲击，提高保温层稳固性及防火性能。
以上公开的本发明的具体实施例，其目的在于帮助理解本发明的内容并据以实施，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，各种替换、变化和修改都是可能的。本发明不应局限于本说明书的实施例所公开的内容，本发明的保护范围以权利要求书界定的范围为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，其特征在于，包括太阳能光伏组件、保温层、围护结构和固定结构，保温层通过固定结构固定于太阳能光伏组件和围护结构之间；太阳能光伏组件的背部设有流体通道，流体通道内设有传热介质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，其特征在于，所述固定结构包括预埋槽和锚固件；预埋槽设置于围护结构中，用于锚固件的固定；锚固件将保温层与太阳能光伏组件通过锚固的方式集成于围护结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，其特征在于，还包括龙骨结构，固定于保温层、围护结构之间。
4.根据权利要求3所述的轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，其特征在于，所述龙骨结构包括龙骨立柱和龙骨横梁，龙骨立柱与龙骨横梁垂直相交，龙骨立柱和龙骨横梁通过连接件与太阳能光伏组件和保温层固定，龙骨立柱和龙骨横梁通过锚固件与围护结构固定。
5.根据权利要求4所述的轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，其特征在于，所述龙骨结构材料为型钢，龙骨立柱和龙骨横梁构成型钢支架。
6.根据权利要求4所述的轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，其特征在于，所述连接件位于太阳能光伏组件的光伏板之间的缝隙处。
7.根据权利要求1所述的轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，其特征在于，所述太阳能光伏组件的材料包括下列中的一种：晶硅类电池、薄膜类电池、染料敏化电池。
8.根据权利要求1所述的轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，其特征在于，所述流体通道内的传热介质是液体或气体。
9.根据权利要求1所述的轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，其特征在于，所述保温层的材料为下列中的一种：气凝胶、岩棉、无机活性外墙保温材料、硅酸盐保温材料、陶瓷保温材料、胶粉聚苯颗粒、钢丝网采水泥泡沫板、挤塑板、硬泡聚氨酯现场喷涂、硬泡聚氨酯保温板、喷涂聚氨酯硬泡、EPS泡沫板、真空绝热板。
10.根据权利要求1所述的轻壳式外保温光伏光热一体化墙体结构，其特征在于，所述围护结构包括墙体结构和/或屋面结构。
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