CN113895140A - Micro-vibration-based auxiliary metal part laser additive manufacturing device and method - Google Patents
Micro-vibration-based auxiliary metal part laser additive manufacturing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113895140A CN113895140A CN202111252173.9A CN202111252173A CN113895140A CN 113895140 A CN113895140 A CN 113895140A CN 202111252173 A CN202111252173 A CN 202111252173A CN 113895140 A CN113895140 A CN 113895140A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser additive manufacturing device based on micro-vibration auxiliary metal parts, which comprises a workbench, a melting mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein a cantilever clamp is arranged on the workbench, a workpiece is fixed on the cantilever clamp, a vibration exciter is arranged on the workbench, an output end of the vibration exciter is provided with a mandril, and the mandril is in contact with the workpiece; the melting mechanism comprises a focusing mirror and a powder feeding nozzle, the focusing mirror faces the powder feeding nozzle and is used for refracting laser to the powder feeding nozzle, and the powder feeding nozzle faces a workpiece; the control mechanism comprises a signal control instrument and a power amplifier, and the signal control instrument is in electric signal connection with the power amplifier and the vibration exciter. The device is externally detected and regulated by adopting a signal controller and a power amplifier, and the internal rotating speed control module, the time control module, the display module and the manual button are controlled in real time, so that the device is convenient and fast. And the device has compact structure, meets the space requirement of test installation, and improves a plurality of problems and defects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a metal part laser additive manufacturing device and a metal part laser additive manufacturing method based on micro-vibration assistance.
Background
The laser additive manufacturing technology is to use laser beams as heat sources and realize the layer-by-layer stacking forming of metal components by melting powder materials or wire materials. The technology can improve the utilization rate of materials, is particularly suitable for the direct manufacture and repair of precious metal material parts such as titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy and the like with precise and complex structures, and is widely applied in the fields of aerospace and the like in recent years.
When a metal part with large area and large volume is subjected to laser additive manufacturing, the problem of deformation and cracking can be caused, the main reason is that laser beams are locally heated, and the heat conduction and radiation conditions of different parts of the metal part are different, so that the local temperature accumulation and distribution of a formed workpiece are obviously different, the temperature field distribution in a forming molten pool and the workpiece is uneven, the phenomenon of internal stress accumulation concentration and tissue segregation is locally generated, and the mechanical property of the workpiece is directly influenced; even deformation cracking of the formed workpiece, leading to failure of the workpiece.
In order to change the additive manufacturing quality, external fields such as ultrasonic vibration, electromagnetism and the like are adopted to intervene in the solidification process of the laser molten pool. Ultrasonic vibration is introduced into the solidification process of the molten pool, the temperature distribution of the molten pool can be homogenized, crystal grains can be refined, and residual stress can be reduced by utilizing the stirring effect of the ultrasonic vibration to avoid the generation of cracks, but the position of the molten pool is dynamically changed in the material increase process, so that the ultrasonic vibration coupling action on the molten pool is difficult to realize in real time. The electromagnetic stirring technology can promote the uniform distribution of solute elements in a molten pool and reduce the residual stress of a test piece by changing the current intensity of a magnetic field, but a deep liquid cavity can be formed in the central area of a metal melt by the rotating motion of an excessively strong magnetic field in the electromagnetic stirring technology, so that metallurgical defects such as air holes, impurities and the like are easily caused. The subsequent heat treatment of the workpiece is adopted to reduce the residual stress, but the heat treatment cannot completely realize the homogenization of the texture performance of the workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for manufacturing a metal part by laser additive based on micro-vibration assistance, which aim to solve the technical problems of nonuniform distribution of the structure of a deposition layer of a workpiece and deformation and cracking of the workpiece in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the laser additive manufacturing device based on the micro-vibration auxiliary metal part comprises a workbench, a melting mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein a cantilever clamp is arranged on the workbench, a workpiece is fixed on the cantilever clamp, a vibration exciter is arranged on the workbench, and a mandril is arranged at the output end of the vibration exciter and is in contact with the workpiece;
the melting mechanism comprises a focusing mirror and a powder feeding nozzle, the focusing mirror faces the powder feeding nozzle and is used for refracting laser to the powder feeding nozzle, and the powder feeding nozzle faces a workpiece;
the control mechanism comprises a signal control instrument and a power amplifier, and the signal control instrument is in electric signal connection with the power amplifier and the vibration exciter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. vibration excitation device work stabilization
The vibration exciter device is adopted to apply vibration to the base body, the vibration source is uniform and stable, the vibration exciter is stable and reliable in working, and severe influence on the interior of the system can not be generated.
2. Fixture flexibilization
The cantilever clamp clamps a workpiece, and the height position of the clamped workpiece can be directly contacted with the vibration exciter ejector rod through the up-down flexible adjustment of the height position of the clamp head, so that the workpiece is stably suspended and fixed. The impact of parts, restraints or supports and the noise generated during vibration are reduced.
3. Parameter control automation
The signal controller and the power amplifier are used for detecting and regulating the outside, and the internal rotating speed control module, the time control module, the display module and the manual button are used for controlling in real time, so that the operation is convenient and fast.
4. Practical production
The device has compact structure, meets the space requirement of test installation, can generate vibration waves with adjustable amplitude in the workpiece, exerts good vibration effect, and improves the problems and defects mentioned in the technical background.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser additive manufacturing device for metal parts based on micro-vibration assistance in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a cantilever fixture of the laser additive manufacturing device for metal parts based on micro-vibration assistance.
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an excitation device of the present invention.
1. A focusing mirror; 2. a powder feeding nozzle; 3. a workpiece; 4. a top rod; 5. a vibration exciter; 6. a bolt for reaming a hole with a hexagonal head; 7. a cushion pad; 8. a cantilever clamp; 9. a work table; 10. a signal control instrument; 11. a power amplifier 12 and a fixed block; 13. a round nut; 14. a threaded post; 15. a first flange nut; 16. a second flange nut; 17. a clamp head.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: based on supplementary metal parts laser vibration material disk device of micro-vibration, including workstation 9, melt mechanism and control mechanism, be equipped with cantilever anchor clamps 8 on the workstation 9, be fixed with work piece 3 on the cantilever anchor clamps 8, be equipped with vibration exciter 5 on the workstation 9, the output of vibration exciter 5 is equipped with ejector pin 4, and ejector pin 4 contacts with work piece 3 for transmit the vibration to work piece 3.
The melting mechanism comprises a focusing mirror 1 and a powder feeding nozzle 2, wherein the focusing mirror 1 faces the powder feeding nozzle 2 and is used for refracting laser to the powder feeding nozzle 2, and the powder feeding nozzle 2 faces a workpiece 3, so that laser beams can be used as heat sources, and metal components are piled up layer by layer to be formed by melting powder materials or wire materials.
The control mechanism comprises a signal control instrument 10 and a power amplifier 11, wherein the signal control instrument 10 is in electric signal connection with the power amplifier 11 and the vibration exciter 5.
A buffer pad 7 is arranged between the workbench 9 and the vibration exciter 5, and the workbench 9 is fixed with the vibration exciter 5 through a bolt 6 for a hexagonal head reaming hole.
An eccentric distance adjusting device is arranged in the vibration exciter, the vibration amplitude is adjusted by adjusting the eccentric distance of the vibration exciter, the rotating speed of the vibration exciter is controlled by a signal controller, and the signal controller comprises a vibration exciter rotating speed control module, a time control module, a display module and a manual button, as shown in fig. 3. The vibration exciter rotating speed control module is used for controlling the acceleration of the rotating speed increasing and decreasing of the vibration exciter, so that the vibration frequency is adjusted to reach the rotating speed of the resonance frequency. The time control module is used for controlling the resonance time of the vibration exciter. The display module is used for displaying the vibration curve of the vibration exciter and the parameters of the power amplifier. The manual module is used for starting and stopping the vibration exciter and switching the rotating speed lifting gear of the vibration exciter. Micro-vibration is applied to the bottom of the base body through the vibration exciter, the workpiece body is driven to slightly move, parameters such as frequency and amplitude can be adjusted according to specific conditions, and positioning accuracy of additive manufacturing of the workpiece is not influenced while vibration is carried out. The eccentricity of the vibration exciter is adjusted to adjust the amplitude of resonance, and the amplitude of liquid metal acting in the molten pool is changed, so that the flow speed of the metal solution in the molten pool is improved, and the solidification process of the molten pool is directly influenced.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the laser additive manufacturing device based on the micro-vibration auxiliary metal part, which comprises the following concrete implementation steps:
1) in order to fix a workpiece, the workpiece is clamped by a cantilever clamp, and a clamp head of the cantilever clamp can move up and down according to the requirement of a machining position, namely the height position of the clamped workpiece can be directly contacted with the ejector rod 4 through up-and-down flexible adjustment of the height position of the clamp head, so that the workpiece 3 is stably suspended and fixed; the collision among the parts, the restraint or the support and the noise generated in the vibration process can be reduced, and the vibration process is more stable.
2) Fixing a vibration exciter 5 on a workbench 9 through a cushion pad 7, and applying vibration to the bottom of the workpiece 3; based on the consideration of efficiency maximization, the excitation point of the vibration exciter 5 is selected to be a part with obvious amplitude of the workpiece (the part with larger amplitude is the position farthest from the constraint point when vibration is applied), namely the cantilever end of the clamped workpiece, and is used for exciting the larger amplitude and dynamic stress of the structure.
3) In order to detect and regulate the vibration system in real time, a signal control instrument 10 is arranged outside the vibration system, and the signal control instrument 10 timely adjusts vibration parameters according to dynamic changes of the quality of a workpiece; adjusting vibration parameters of a vibration exciter 5 by adopting a formula II, wherein the formula II is a range of sub-resonance frequency (the sub-resonance frequency is the frequency at which a large number of release points can be started at the resonance moment and is the starting point of a resonance region);
in the formula, k-workpiece rigidity, m-workpiece mass, f-vibration frequency, (omega)1-ω0)＝δω1,
Delta is the damping ratio of the material, omega1At a resonance frequency
The rotating speed of the vibration exciter is controlled by the rotating speed control module, so that the vibration exciter drives the workpiece to reach the rotating speed of the resonant frequency, approximately uniform vibration waves are generated in the central area of the workpiece, and the vibration waves are introduced into the molten pool; meanwhile, the amplitude of liquid metal acting in the molten pool is changed, the solidification process of the molten pool is influenced, the movement of the metal solution is promoted, the separation of impurity gas in the metal solution can be promoted, the temperature gradient of the metal solution is reduced, the solidification structure is effectively refined, the local stress concentration in the workpiece is reduced, and the deformation and cracking of the workpiece are inhibited.
The working principle is as follows: since the workpieces have different shapes and sizes, the region to be machined of the workpiece 3 is machined into a regular rectangular shape or the like. The workpiece 3 is clamped by the clamp head 17, and the cantilever clamp 8 can reliably and stably clamp the workpiece according to different sizes of the workpiece 3.
The vibration exciter 5 is arranged below the workpiece 3, the vibration exciter ejector rod 4 directly applies vibration to the cantilever end (the larger amplitude position) of the workpiece 3, and a buffer cushion 7 is arranged between the vibration exciter 5 and the workbench 9, so that the impact of the vibration exciter 5 on the workbench 9 is reduced.
The vibration exciter 5 emits a vibration source, a signal control instrument 10 is arranged outside the processing device, and the signal control instrument 10 can regulate and control vibration parameters in real time. The control module controls the rotating speed of the vibration exciter 5, so that the vibration exciter 5 drives the workpiece 3 to reach the rotating speed of the resonant frequency, the parameter display module can check in the power amplifier 11, and generates approximately uniform vibration waves in the central area of the workpiece, and the vibration waves are introduced into the molten pool. Meanwhile, the amplitude of liquid metal acting in the molten pool is changed, the solidification process of the molten pool is influenced, the movement of the metal solution is promoted, the separation of impurity gas in the metal solution can be promoted, the temperature gradient of the metal solution is reduced, the solidification structure is effectively refined, the local stress concentration in the workpiece is reduced, and the deformation and cracking of the workpiece are inhibited.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. Based on supplementary metal parts laser vibration material disk manufacturing installation of micro-vibration, its characterized in that: the device comprises a workbench (9), a melting mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein a cantilever clamp (8) is arranged on the workbench (9), a workpiece (3) is fixed on the cantilever clamp (8), a vibration exciter (5) is arranged on the workbench (9), an output end of the vibration exciter (5) is provided with a mandril (4), and the mandril (4) is in contact with the workpiece (3);
the melting mechanism comprises a focusing mirror (1) and a powder feeding nozzle (2), the focusing mirror (1) faces the powder feeding nozzle (2) and is used for refracting laser to the powder feeding nozzle (2), and the powder feeding nozzle (2) faces a workpiece (3);
the control mechanism comprises a signal control instrument (10) and a power amplifier (11), wherein the signal control instrument (10) is in electric signal connection with the power amplifier (11) and the vibration exciter (5).
2. The micro-vibration assisted metal part-based laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein: cantilever anchor clamps (8) are including fixed block (12), install on workstation (9) fixed block (12), install screw thread post (14) through round nut (13) on fixed block (12), be equipped with first flange nut (15), second flange nut (16) and anchor clamps head (17) on screw thread post (14), and first flange nut (15) and second flange nut (16) divide and establish the both sides at anchor clamps head (17), anchor clamps head (17) fixed work piece (3).
3. The micro-vibration assisted metal part-based laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein: a cushion pad (7) is arranged between the workbench (9) and the vibration exciter (5), and the vibration exciter (5) is fixed with the workbench (9) through a bolt (6) for a hexagonal head reaming hole.
4. The manufacturing method of the laser additive manufacturing device based on the micro-vibration auxiliary metal part as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concrete implementation steps are as follows
1) In order to fix the workpiece, the workpiece is clamped by a cantilever clamp (8), and flexible adjustment is performed according to different relative positions of the workpiece (3) and a vibration exciter (5), so that the workpiece (3) is stably suspended and fixed;
2) fixing a vibration exciter (5) on a workbench (9) through a cushion pad (7) to apply vibration to the bottom of the workpiece (3); based on the consideration of the efficiency maximization angle, the excitation point of the vibration exciter (5) is selected at the part with obvious amplitude of the workpiece, and is used for exciting the amplitude and the dynamic stress of a structure to be larger;
3) in order to detect and regulate the vibration system in real time, a signal control instrument (10) is arranged outside the vibration system, and the signal control instrument (10) timely adjusts vibration parameters according to dynamic changes of the quality of a workpiece; adjusting vibration parameters of a vibration exciter (5) by adopting a formula I, wherein the formula II is a range of sub-resonance frequency (the sub-resonance frequency is the frequency of a large number of release points which can be started at the resonance moment and is the starting point of a resonance region);
in the formula, k-workpiece rigidity, m-workpiece mass, f-vibration frequency, (omega)1-ω0)＝δω1,
Delta is the damping ratio of the material, omega1At a resonance frequency
The rotating speed of the vibration exciter is controlled by the rotating speed control module, so that the vibration exciter drives the workpiece to reach the rotating speed of the resonant frequency, approximately uniform vibration waves are generated in the central area of the workpiece, and the vibration waves are introduced into the molten pool; meanwhile, the amplitude of liquid metal acting in the molten pool is changed, the solidification process of the molten pool is influenced, the movement of the metal solution is promoted, the separation of impurity gas in the metal solution can be promoted, the temperature gradient of the metal solution is reduced, and the deformation and cracking of workpieces are inhibited.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111252173.9A CN113895140A (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2021-10-27 | Micro-vibration-based auxiliary metal part laser additive manufacturing device and method |
| CN202210336870.0A CN114654868A (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-04-01 | High-power crossed decoupling integrated high-frequency transformer structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111252173.9A CN113895140A (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2021-10-27 | Micro-vibration-based auxiliary metal part laser additive manufacturing device and method |
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| CN113895140A true CN113895140A (en) | 2022-01-07 |
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| CN202111252173.9A Pending CN113895140A (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2021-10-27 | Micro-vibration-based auxiliary metal part laser additive manufacturing device and method |
| CN202210336870.0A Pending CN114654868A (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-04-01 | High-power crossed decoupling integrated high-frequency transformer structure |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210336870.0A Pending CN114654868A (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-04-01 | High-power crossed decoupling integrated high-frequency transformer structure |
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- 2021-10-27 CN CN202111252173.9A patent/CN113895140A/en active Pending
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