CN113884430A - Comprehensive evaluation method and device for metal corrosion degree based on image recognition - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于金属材料腐蚀与防护领域，具体涉及一种基于图像识别的金属腐蚀程度的综合评价方法及装置。The invention belongs to the field of metal material corrosion and protection, and in particular relates to a comprehensive evaluation method and device for metal corrosion degree based on image recognition.
背景技术Background technique
金属因其优异的性能在建筑桥梁、机械设备、石油炼化、冶金电力、航空航天等诸多领域发挥着重要作用。然而，暴露在环境中的金属难免发生不同程度的腐蚀。据统计，全世界每年由于腐蚀而造成的金属损失约占全年金属总产量的10％，每年因金属腐蚀造成的直接经济损失高达7000-10000亿美元。除了浪费能源和材料，导致设备失效等直接损失以外，金属腐蚀还可进一步引发物料污染和产品质量降低、生产中断、装置泄露、设备爆炸以及重大人员伤亡和环境污染损失，金属的腐蚀与防护成为了一个具有重要理论价值和现实意义的研究课题。现在以金属结构为主体的装配式建筑在各地得到了大力倡导和推行。众所周知，金属在含有SO2、CO2、NO2等污染性气体的潮湿环境中极易发生腐蚀破坏，特别是一些酸雨大气环境范围内的金属结构面临着十分严峻的腐蚀危害。因此，金属腐蚀状态/金属剩余腐蚀寿命的评估方法也成为了研究的重点。Metals play an important role in many fields such as building bridges, mechanical equipment, petroleum refining, metallurgical power, aerospace and many other fields because of their excellent properties. However, metals exposed to the environment inevitably corrode to varying degrees. According to statistics, the annual metal loss due to corrosion in the world accounts for about 10% of the total annual metal production, and the annual direct economic loss caused by metal corrosion is as high as 700-1000 billion US dollars. In addition to wasting energy and materials, leading to direct losses such as equipment failure, metal corrosion can further lead to material pollution and product quality degradation, production interruptions, device leakage, equipment explosions, and heavy casualties and environmental pollution losses. Corrosion and protection of metals have become It is a research topic with important theoretical value and practical significance. Now prefabricated buildings with metal structures as the main body have been vigorously advocated and promoted in various places. As we all know, metals are prone to corrosion damage in humid environments containing SO 2 , CO 2 , NO 2 and other polluting gases, especially some metal structures within the scope of acid rain atmospheric environment face very serious corrosion hazards. Therefore, the evaluation method of metal corrosion state/metal residual corrosion life has also become the focus of research.
现有中国专利CN201510012764.7公开一种金属腐蚀速度检测方法和检测装置，该检测装置包括：检测单元和数据处理单元；检测单元连接在进样水流入口处，检测单元包括用管道串联在一起的溶解氢测量仪和电子流量计；溶解氢测量仪用来检测单位时间内进样水流中溶解氢分子的含量；电子流量计用来检测该单位时间内进样水流的体积；检测单元将单位时间内测得的溶解氢分子的含量和进样水流的体积传输给数据处理单元；所述数据处理单元接收所述溶解氢测量仪和电子流量计所测得的数值，并基于所述数值计算出所述进样水流所流经受热管道的金属腐蚀速度。该发明的金属腐蚀是针对于特定的环境结合不同的复杂参数进行计算的，过程复杂且针对于特定环境。Existing Chinese patent CN201510012764.7 discloses a metal corrosion rate detection method and detection device, the detection device includes: a detection unit and a data processing unit; Dissolved hydrogen measuring instrument and electronic flowmeter; the dissolved hydrogen measuring instrument is used to detect the content of dissolved hydrogen molecules in the injection water flow per unit time; the electronic flowmeter is used to detect the volume of the injected water flow in the unit time; The content of dissolved hydrogen molecules and the volume of the injected water flow measured in the device are transmitted to the data processing unit; the data processing unit receives the values measured by the dissolved hydrogen measuring instrument and the electronic flowmeter, and calculates the value based on the values. The flow of the injection water is subjected to the corrosion rate of the metal of the hot pipe. The metal corrosion of the invention is calculated for a specific environment in combination with different complex parameters, and the process is complex and specific to the environment.
现有中国专利CN201110394177.0公开了一种金属腐蚀检测与评定方法，该方法使用真彩共聚焦显微镜观察试样腐蚀部位的形貌，并对腐蚀微孔的深度进行统计性测量；对所采集到的金属腐蚀形貌信息和腐蚀微孔深度数据进行分析，从而对金属的局部腐蚀情况做出评定。该方法只适用于对金属腐蚀发展初期的腐蚀状况进行检测和评定，而且通过微孔深度数据进行分析，分析过程比较复杂。The existing Chinese patent CN201110394177.0 discloses a metal corrosion detection and evaluation method. The method uses a true color confocal microscope to observe the morphology of the corroded part of the sample, and statistically measures the depth of the corrosion micropores; The obtained metal corrosion morphology information and corrosion micropore depth data are analyzed to evaluate the local corrosion of the metal. This method is only suitable for detecting and evaluating the corrosion state in the early stage of metal corrosion development, and the analysis process is complicated by analyzing the micropore depth data.
总之，目前，金属腐蚀状态评估方法常用的有交流阻抗法、极化曲线法、电化学噪声法、电阻法等电化学方法；腐蚀产物评估、失重法、光纤法等物理方法。在金属腐蚀状况现场实时测试时，上述方法存在着操作复杂、后期处理困难、难以兼容等问题。国内外专家建立了基于图像处理技术金属或涂层腐蚀检测方法，然而，仅凭二值化图像对金属的腐蚀程度进行评价较为片面。因而，现在迫切需要探究快速、准确、无损的金属腐蚀状态/金属剩余腐蚀寿命的评估方法。In short, at present, the commonly used methods for evaluating metal corrosion state include electrochemical methods such as AC impedance method, polarization curve method, electrochemical noise method, and resistance method; physical methods such as corrosion product evaluation, weight loss method, and optical fiber method. In the field real-time testing of metal corrosion conditions, the above methods have problems such as complicated operation, difficult post-processing, and incompatibility. Experts at home and abroad have established metal or coating corrosion detection methods based on image processing technology. However, it is relatively one-sided to evaluate the corrosion degree of metals only by binarized images. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore a fast, accurate and non-destructive evaluation method for metal corrosion status/metal residual corrosion life.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
有鉴于此，本发明目的在于提供一种基于图像识别的金属腐蚀程度的综合评价方法，该方法是凭借二值化图像的分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积、锈斑总面积占比进行综合评价所述金属的腐蚀程度，该评价方法快速、准确。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive evaluation method for the degree of metal corrosion based on image recognition, which is based on the fractal dimension of the binarized image, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots, and the proportion of the total area of rust spots. To comprehensively evaluate the corrosion degree of the metal, the evaluation method is fast and accurate.
所述综合评价方法包括：分别计算多个时间点的所述金属的腐蚀图像的二值化图像的分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积、锈斑总面积占比；并分别拟合多个时间点的分形维数-时间方程，多个时间点的锈斑总面积-时间方程，多个时间点的锈斑平均面积-时间方程，多个时间点的锈斑总面积占比-时间方程；然后根据时间点a的分形维数、锈斑总面积占比综合评价所述时间点a的金属腐蚀程度；所述多个时间点的金属处于同一环境；所述多个时间点的金属腐蚀图像为图像识别工具可识别出具有腐蚀差别的多个图像；The comprehensive evaluation method includes: separately calculating the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots, and the proportion of the total area of rust spots of the binarized images of the metal corrosion images at multiple time points; Fractal dimension-time equation at time points, total rust spot area-time equation at multiple time points, average rust spot area-time equation at multiple time points, and total rust spot area ratio-time equation at multiple time points; and then according to The fractal dimension of the time point a and the proportion of the total area of rust spots comprehensively evaluate the metal corrosion degree at the time point a; the metals at the multiple time points are in the same environment; the metal corrosion images at the multiple time points are image recognition Tool to identify multiple images with corrosion differences;
进一步，所述金属为碳钢，在正常自然环境中，所述碳钢的分形维数 -时间拟合方程为：y1＝A1ln(x)+B1，其中x为时间，y1为分形维数；所述碳钢的锈斑总面积-时间拟合方程为：y2＝A2x^B2，其中x为时间，y2为锈斑总面积；所述碳钢的锈斑平均面积-时间拟合方程为：y3＝A3e^B3x，其中x为时间，y3为锈斑平均面积；所述碳钢的锈斑总面积占比-时间拟合方程为：y4＝A4x^B4，其中x 为时间，y4为锈斑总面积占比；其中，Further, the metal is carbon steel, and in a normal natural environment, the fractal dimension-time fitting equation of the carbon steel is: y1=A1ln(x)+B1, where x is time and y1 is fractal dimension; The total rust area-time fitting equation of the carbon steel is: y2=A2x^ B2 , where x is the time, and y2 is the total rust area; the average rust area-time fitting equation of the carbon steel is: y3=A3e ^ B3x , where x is the time, and y3 is the average area of rust spots; the proportion of the total area of rust spots on the carbon steel-time fitting equation is: y4=A4x^ B4 , where x is the time, and y4 is the proportion of the total area of rust spots; in,
0.5≤A1≤0.51,-0.002≤B1≤-0.001；0.5≤A1≤0.51,-0.002≤B1≤-0.001;
5371≤A2≤5372，1.22≤B2≤1.23；5371≤A2≤5372, 1.22≤B2≤1.23;
0.18≤A3≤0.19，1.61≤B3≤1.62；0.18≤A3≤0.19, 1.61≤B3≤1.62;
0.2≤A4≤0.21，1.37≤B4≤1.38；0.2≤A4≤0.21, 1.37≤B4≤1.38;
进一步，当所述时间点a的分形维数为0＜分形维数≤1.38，锈斑总面积占比为0％＜锈斑总面积占比≤5％，则腐蚀程度为轻度腐蚀；当所述时间点a 的分形维数为1.38＜分形维数≤1.89，锈斑总面积占比为5％＜锈斑总面积占比≤15％，则腐蚀程度为中度腐蚀；当所述时间点a的分形维数为1.89＜分形维数≤2.04、锈斑总面积占比为15％＜锈斑总面积占比≤100％，则腐蚀程度为严重腐蚀。Further, when the fractal dimension of the time point a is 0 < fractal dimension ≤ 1.38, and the proportion of the total area of rust spots is 0% < the proportion of the total area of rust spots ≤ 5%, then the degree of corrosion is mild corrosion; The fractal dimension of time point a is 1.38 < fractal dimension ≤ 1.89, and the proportion of the total area of rust spots is 5% < the proportion of the total area of rust spots ≤ 15%, then the degree of corrosion is moderate corrosion; If the dimension is 1.89 < fractal dimension ≤ 2.04, and the proportion of the total area of rust spots is 15% < the proportion of the total area of rust spots ≤ 100%, the degree of corrosion is severe corrosion.
进一步，所述二值化处理采用matlab或者PS的图片处理功能，针对每一张腐蚀图片的处理，阈值均有差异，采用尽量使得二值化图像符合真实图像的原则进行。Further, the binarization processing adopts the image processing function of matlab or PS, and for the processing of each corroded image, the threshold value is different, and the principle of making the binarized image conform to the real image as much as possible is adopted.
进一步，所述综合评价方法适用于铁、铜、铝、镍、锌、钛或其合金的腐蚀程度评价。所述综合评价方法也适用于含有污染性气体的潮湿环境中导致的金属腐蚀。由于金属性质、不同地区气候、季节的差异，通过腐蚀图像得出的拟合方程均有不同，但这种综合评价方法和规律是相同的。Further, the comprehensive evaluation method is suitable for evaluating the corrosion degree of iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, zinc, titanium or their alloys. The comprehensive evaluation method is also applicable to metal corrosion caused by a humid environment containing polluting gases. Due to the differences in metal properties, climates and seasons in different regions, the fitting equations obtained from corrosion images are different, but the comprehensive evaluation methods and laws are the same.
进一步，计算所述二值化图像的分形维数的方法包括但不限于“盒维数法”、“迟规法”、“周长面积法”，可以根据腐蚀的具体情况进行选择计算分形维数的方法。Further, the method for calculating the fractal dimension of the binarized image includes but is not limited to "box dimension method", "delay method", "perimeter area method", and the fractal dimension can be calculated according to the specific situation of corrosion. number method.
进一步，根据时间点a的腐蚀图像的二值化图像的分形维数，计算出从时间点a起算的所述金属剩余腐蚀寿命。通常情况下，同种金属在同一环境下的腐蚀行为是相近的，即金属腐蚀100％的时间是一定的，通过当前已经被腐蚀的时间与100％被腐蚀时间相减得到剩余腐蚀时间。比如碳钢在正常自然环境中的寿命都在55天左右，在明确环境和金属条件下，即可通过分形维数-时间方程推断得到剩余腐蚀时间。Further, according to the fractal dimension of the binarized image of the corrosion image at the time point a, the residual corrosion life of the metal from the time point a is calculated. Under normal circumstances, the corrosion behavior of the same metal in the same environment is similar, that is, the 100% corrosion time of the metal is certain, and the remaining corrosion time is obtained by subtracting the current corroded time and the 100% corroded time. For example, the life of carbon steel in normal natural environment is about 55 days. Under clear environmental and metal conditions, the remaining corrosion time can be inferred by the fractal dimension-time equation.
进一步，所述多个时间点的目的是拟合方程，在本发明中，取至少两个以上的点进行方程拟合。Further, the purpose of the multiple time points is to fit an equation, and in the present invention, at least two or more points are taken to perform equation fitting.
优选地，在情况允许的条件下，获取比较清楚的腐蚀图像更有利于后期的图像处理和图像分析。Preferably, obtaining a clearer corrosion image is more conducive to later image processing and image analysis when circumstances permit.
进一步，在获取腐蚀图像之前，先对所述待评估金属表面进行清理，去除灰尘杂质，减小不必要的误差。Further, before acquiring the corrosion image, the surface of the metal to be evaluated is cleaned to remove dust impurities and reduce unnecessary errors.
在某些具体实施例中，可以通过软件的方法来评价碳钢腐蚀程度，步骤如下：In some specific embodiments, the corrosion degree of carbon steel can be evaluated by a software method, and the steps are as follows:
S1：获取碳钢表面同一环境中多个时间点的腐蚀图像；S1: Obtain corrosion images of carbon steel surfaces at multiple time points in the same environment;
S2：对所述腐蚀图像进行二值化处理得到二值化图像；S2: performing a binarization process on the eroded image to obtain a binarized image;
S3：根据所述二值化图像计算得到碳钢表面多个时间点的分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积、锈斑总面积占比；S3: Calculate the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots, and the proportion of the total area of rust spots at multiple time points on the carbon steel surface according to the binarized image;
S5：然后分别拟合多个时间点的分形维数-时间方程，多个时间点的锈斑总面积-时间方程，多个时间点的锈斑平均面积-时间方程，多个时间点的锈斑总面积占比-时间方程；S5: Then fit the fractal dimension-time equation of multiple time points, the total rust area-time equation of multiple time points, the average rust area-time equation of multiple time points, and the total rust area of multiple time points. Proportion-time equation;
S6：然后根据时间点a的分形维数、锈斑总面积占比综合评价所述时间点a的碳钢腐蚀程度；当所述时间点a的分形维数为0＜分形维数≤1.38，锈斑总面积占比为0％＜锈斑总面积占比≤5％，则评价为轻度腐蚀；当所述时间点a 的分形维数为1.38＜分形维数≤1.89，锈斑总面积占比为5％＜锈斑总面积占比≤15％，则评价为中度腐蚀；当所述时间点a的分形维数为1.89＜分形维数≤2.04、锈斑总面积占比为15％＜锈斑总面积占比≤100％，则评价为严重腐蚀。S6: Then comprehensively evaluate the corrosion degree of carbon steel at the time point a according to the fractal dimension of the time point a and the proportion of the total area of the rust spots; when the fractal dimension of the time point a is 0<fractal dimension≤1.38, the rust spot When the total area proportion is 0% < the total area proportion of rust spots ≤ 5%, it is evaluated as mild corrosion; when the fractal dimension of the time point a is 1.38 < fractal dimension ≤ 1.89, the total area proportion of rust spots is 5 %＜the total area of rust spots is less than or equal to 15%, it is evaluated as moderate corrosion; when the fractal dimension of the time point a is 1.89＜fractal dimension ≤2.04, the total area of rust spots accounts for 15%＜the total area of rust spots accounts for If the ratio is less than or equal to 100%, it is evaluated as severe corrosion.
本发明目的在于提供一种基于图像识别的用于评价金属腐蚀程度的评价装置，该装置包括：The object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation device for evaluating the degree of metal corrosion based on image recognition, the device comprising:
采集模块，用于采集待评估金属同一环境下的多个时间点的腐蚀图像；The acquisition module is used to collect corrosion images of the metal to be evaluated at multiple time points in the same environment;
处理模块，用于将所述腐蚀图像进行二值化处理；a processing module, configured to perform binarization processing on the eroded image;
计算模块，用于计算所述处理模块处理得到的多个时间点的二值化图像的分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积、锈斑总面积占比，并分别拟合分形维数-时间方程、锈斑总面积-时间方程、锈斑平均面积-时间方程、锈斑总面积占比-时间方程；The calculation module is used to calculate the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots, and the proportion of the total area of rust spots of the binarized images at multiple time points processed by the processing module, and respectively fit the fractal dimension-time Equation, total area of rust spots - time equation, average area of rust spots - time equation, total area of rust spots - time equation;
数据库，用于记录所述处理模块处理得到的多个时间点的二值化图像和/或计算模块计算得到的多个时间点的二值化图像的分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积、锈斑总面积占比及其拟合方程；A database for recording the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, and the average area of rust spots of the binarized images at multiple time points processed by the processing module and/or the binarized images at multiple time points calculated by the calculation module , the proportion of the total area of rust spots and its fitting equation;
评价模块，用于根据某一时间点的分形维数、锈斑总面积占比评价所述某一时间点的金属腐蚀程度。The evaluation module is used for evaluating the degree of metal corrosion at a certain time point according to the fractal dimension and the proportion of the total area of rust spots at the certain time point.
在某些具体实施例中，评价的金属为碳钢时，则评价模块的规则为：当所述某一时间点的分形维数为0＜分形维数≤1.38，锈斑总面积占比为0％＜锈斑总面积占比≤5％，则评价为轻度腐蚀；当所述某一时间点的分形维数为1.38 ＜分形维数≤1.89，锈斑总面积占比为5％＜锈斑总面积占比≤15％，则评价为中度腐蚀；当所述某一时间点的分形维数为1.89＜分形维数≤2.04、锈斑总面积占比为15％＜锈斑总面积占比≤100％，则评价为严重腐蚀。In some specific embodiments, when the metal to be evaluated is carbon steel, the rules of the evaluation module are: when the fractal dimension at a certain time point is 0<fractal dimension≤1.38, the proportion of the total area of rust spots is 0 %＜the total area of rust spots is less than or equal to 5%, then it is evaluated as mild corrosion; when the fractal dimension at a certain time point is 1.38＜fractal dimension≤1.89, the total area of rust spots accounts for 5%＜the total area of rust spots If the proportion is less than or equal to 15%, it is evaluated as moderate corrosion; when the fractal dimension at a certain time point is 1.89 < fractal dimension ≤ 2.04, the proportion of the total area of rust spots is 15% < the proportion of the total area of rust spots ≤ 100% , it is evaluated as severe corrosion.
进一步，所述计算模块用于计算某一时间点的剩余腐蚀寿命。Further, the calculation module is used to calculate the remaining corrosion life at a certain time point.
进一步，所述数据库还用于记录所述采集模块得到的多个时间点的腐蚀图像。Further, the database is further used to record corrosion images obtained by the acquisition module at multiple time points.
进一步，所述数据库可以是外部导入的，也可以是不同时间点进行检测形成的数据库。Further, the database may be imported externally, or may be a database formed by detection at different time points.
在某些具体实施例中，使用该评价装置评价碳钢腐蚀程度的方法为：In some specific embodiments, the method for evaluating the degree of corrosion of carbon steel using the evaluation device is:
S1：所述采集模块采集待评估碳钢表面同一环境中多个时间点的腐蚀图像，并同时记录于所述数据库；S1: The acquisition module collects corrosion images at multiple time points in the same environment of the carbon steel surface to be evaluated, and records them in the database at the same time;
S2：所述处理模块对所述腐蚀图像进行二值化处理得到二值化图像，并同时记录于所述数据库；S2: The processing module performs a binarization process on the corrosion image to obtain a binarized image, and records it in the database at the same time;
S3：所述计算模块根据所述二值化图像计算得到碳钢表面多个时间点的分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积、锈斑总面积占比，并同时记录于数据库，数据录入2个点以后开始时实拟合分形维数-时间方程，锈斑总面积-时间方程，锈斑平均面积-时间方程，锈斑总面积占比-时间方程；当接着录入新的点以后，重新拟合新的方程；S3: The calculation module calculates the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots, and the proportion of the total area of rust spots on the carbon steel surface at multiple time points according to the binarized image, and records them in the database at the same time, and data entry 2 The fractal dimension-time equation, the total area-time equation of rust spots, the average rust-spot area-time equation, and the proportion of total rust-spot area-time equations are fitted in real time after a point; equation;
S5：所述评价模块根据所述计算模块拟合的方程，实时评价当前录入的点的碳钢腐蚀程度并同时计算出当前碳钢剩余腐蚀寿命，当实时录入的点的分形维数为0＜分形维数≤1.38，锈斑总面积占比为0％＜锈斑总面积占比≤5％，则评价为轻度腐蚀；当实时录入的点的分形维数为1.38＜分形维数≤1.89，锈斑总面积占比为5％＜锈斑总面积占比≤15％，则评价为中度腐蚀；当实时录入的点的分形维数为1.89＜分形维数≤2.04、锈斑总面积占比为15％＜锈斑总面积占比≤100％，则评价为严重腐蚀。S5: The evaluation module evaluates the carbon steel corrosion degree of the current input point in real time according to the equation fitted by the calculation module, and calculates the remaining corrosion life of the current carbon steel at the same time, when the fractal dimension of the real-time input point is 0< Fractal dimension ≤ 1.38, the proportion of the total area of rust spots is 0% < 5% of the total area of rust spots, it is evaluated as mild corrosion; when the fractal dimension of the real-time input points is 1.38 < fractal dimension ≤ 1.89, rust spots If the total area proportion is 5% < the total area proportion of rust spots ≤ 15%, it is evaluated as moderate corrosion; when the fractal dimension of the points entered in real time is 1.89 < fractal dimension ≤ 2.04, the total area proportion of rust spots is 15% <The proportion of the total area of rust spots is less than or equal to 100%, it is evaluated as severe corrosion.
本发明目的在于还提供一种前述金属腐蚀程度的评价方法及前述的评价装置在在检测金属机械、航空运输工具、陆地运输工具、海上运输工具剩余使用年限中的应用。比如检测由铝材构建的汽车的使用年限，由钢材制备的轮船的使用寿命等。The purpose of the present invention is to further provide a method for evaluating the degree of metal corrosion and the application of the aforementioned evaluation device in detecting the remaining service life of metal machinery, air transportation tools, land transportation tools, and marine transportation tools. For example, detecting the service life of automobiles made of aluminum, the service life of ships made of steel, etc.
本发明中，术语“正常自然环境”指的是非极端地区的没有污染、没有极端天气、没有人为破坏的环境。In the present invention, the term "normal natural environment" refers to an environment in a non-extreme area without pollution, extreme weather, and human-induced damage.
本发明中，术语“图像识别工具”指的是一些图像识别软件，或者人的眼睛。In the present invention, the term "image recognition tool" refers to some image recognition software, or human eyes.
本发明中，术语“同一环境”，指的是在同一时间段内，天气、环境没有较大变化的环境，比如没有人为的破坏、没有出现极端的天气，没有出现极大程度的污染，并非指的是使用高精度仪表测试的气压指数、空气指数一丝不变的环境。In the present invention, the term "same environment" refers to an environment with no major changes in weather and environment within the same time period, such as no man-made damage, no extreme weather, and no extreme pollution. It refers to the environment in which the air pressure index and air index tested by high-precision instruments remain unchanged.
本发明中，术语“轻度腐蚀”指的是标准GB/T6461-2002(金属集体上金属和其他无机覆盖层经腐蚀实验台的试样和试件的评级)中的腐蚀程度RA＝4 (2.5％-5.0％)和RA＝3(5.0％-10％)；术语“中度腐蚀”指的是标准GB/T6461-2002(金属集体上金属和其他无机覆盖层经腐蚀实验台的试样和试件的评级)中的腐蚀程度RA＝2(10％-25％)和RA＝1(25％-50％)；术语“严重腐蚀”指的是标准GB/T6461-2002(金属集体上金属和其他无机覆盖层经腐蚀实验台的试样和试件的评级)中的腐蚀程度RA＝0(50％-100％)。In the present invention, the term "mild corrosion" refers to the degree of corrosion in the standard GB/T6461-2002 (Rating of Specimens and Specimens of Corrosion Test Bench for Metal and Other Inorganic Coatings on Metal Collectives) R A =4 (2.5%-5.0%) and R A =3 (5.0%-10%); the term "moderate corrosion" refers to the standard GB/T6461-2002 (Corrosion test bench of metal and other inorganic coatings on metal collectives) Corrosion degree RA = 2 (10%-25%) and RA = 1 (25%-50%) in the rating of test specimens and test pieces); the term "severe corrosion" refers to the standard GB/T6461-2002 The degree of corrosion in (Rating of Specimens and Test Pieces of Corrosion Test Bench for Metal and Other Inorganic Coatings on Metal Collectives) = 0 (50%-100%).
本发明有益效果在于The beneficial effect of the present invention is that
本发明提供的基于图像识别的金属腐蚀程度的综合评价方法，可对金属的腐蚀图像分形维数、锈斑的总面积、平均面积以及面积占比进行实时计算，可快速、无损、准确的评估金属腐蚀状态及剩余腐蚀寿命。The comprehensive evaluation method of metal corrosion degree based on image recognition provided by the invention can calculate the fractal dimension of metal corrosion image, the total area, average area and area ratio of rust spots in real time, and can quickly, non-destructively and accurately evaluate metal Corrosion status and remaining corrosion life.
本发明提供的基于图像识别的金属腐蚀程度的综合评价方法适用范围广，可用于铁、铜、铝、镍、锌、钛或其合金腐蚀形态的综合评价及寿命预测。The comprehensive evaluation method of metal corrosion degree based on image recognition provided by the present invention has a wide range of application, and can be used for comprehensive evaluation and life prediction of corrosion forms of iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, zinc, titanium or their alloys.
本发明提供的基于图像识别的金属腐蚀程度的综合评价方法适用场景广，适用于由于含有SO2、CO2、NO2等污染性气体的潮湿环境中导致的腐蚀破坏，也适用于正常大气环境下的自然腐蚀，只要是在特定的环境中，且没有发生很大的环境变化，那么均适用于本发明的检测方法。The comprehensive evaluation method of metal corrosion degree based on image recognition provided by the present invention is applicable to a wide range of scenarios, and is suitable for corrosion damage caused by a humid environment containing polluting gases such as SO 2 , CO 2 , NO 2 and the like, and is also suitable for normal atmospheric environment. Under the natural corrosion, as long as it is in a specific environment and there is no great environmental change, it is suitable for the detection method of the present invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为1-55天时间范围内碳钢腐蚀图像的分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积以及锈斑总面积占比。Figure 1 shows the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots and the proportion of the total area of rust spots of carbon steel corrosion images in the time range of 1-55 days.
图2为轻微腐蚀碳钢的腐蚀图像及相应二值化图像。Figure 2 shows the corrosion image and corresponding binarized image of slightly corroded carbon steel.
图3为中度腐蚀碳钢的腐蚀图像及相应二值化图像。Fig. 3 is the corrosion image of moderately corroded carbon steel and the corresponding binarized image.
图4为严重腐蚀碳钢的腐蚀图像及相应二值化图像。Figure 4 shows the corrosion image and corresponding binarized image of severely corroded carbon steel.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
所举实施例是为了更好地对本发明进行说明，但并不是本发明的内容仅局限于所举实施例。所以熟悉本领域的技术人员根据上述发明内容对实施方案进行非本质的改进和调整，仍属于本发明的保护范围。The examples are given to better illustrate the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art make non-essential improvements and adjustments to the embodiments according to the above-mentioned contents of the invention, which still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明实施例中，评价金属的腐蚀程度/剩余腐蚀寿命的步骤如下：In the embodiment of the present invention, the steps of evaluating the corrosion degree/remaining corrosion life of the metal are as follows:
(1)预处理：对金属表面进行清理，去除灰尘杂质；(1) Pretreatment: clean the metal surface to remove dust and impurities;
(2)采集：采集待评估金属表面多个时间点的腐蚀图像；(2) Collection: collect corrosion images of the metal surface to be evaluated at multiple time points;
(3)图像处理：对所述腐蚀图像进行二值化处理得到二值化图像；(3) Image processing: perform binarization processing on the erosion image to obtain a binarized image;
(4)计算：根据所述二值化图像计算得到金属表面多个时间点的分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积、锈斑总面积占比；(4) Calculation: according to the binarized image, the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots, and the total area of rust spots at multiple time points on the metal surface are obtained by calculating;
(5)拟合方程：对所述不同时间点的分形维数拟合方程得分形维数- 时间方程；对多个时间点的锈斑总面积拟合方程得锈斑总面积-时间方程；对多个时间点的锈斑平均面积拟合方程得锈斑平均面积-时间方程；对多个时间点的锈斑总面积占比拟合方程得锈斑总面积占比-时间方程；(5) Fitting equation: fractal dimension-time equation for the fractal dimension fitting equation at the different time points; total rust area-time equation for the fitting equation for the total area of rust spots at multiple time points; The fitting equation of the average area of rust spots at each time point is the average rust spot area-time equation; the proportion of the total rust spot area at multiple time points is fitted to the equation to obtain the total rust spot area ratio-time equation;
(6)评价腐蚀程度：分形维数-时间方程、锈斑总面积-时间方程、锈斑平均面积-时间方程、锈斑总面积占比-时间方程计算时间点a的分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积、锈斑总面积占比，然后根据评价规则综合评价金属腐蚀程度，并根据分形维数-时间方程计算金属剩余腐蚀寿命。(6) Evaluate the degree of corrosion: fractal dimension-time equation, total rust area-time equation, average rust area-time equation, proportion of total rust area-time equation Calculate the fractal dimension of time point a, total rust area, rust spot The average area and the proportion of the total area of rust spots, and then comprehensively evaluate the metal corrosion degree according to the evaluation rules, and calculate the residual corrosion life of the metal according to the fractal dimension-time equation.
本发明实施例中，以碳钢(铁碳合金)为检测对象。In the embodiment of the present invention, carbon steel (iron-carbon alloy) is used as the detection object.
本发明实施例中，计算图像分形维数的方法采用的是盒维数的方法。In the embodiment of the present invention, the method for calculating the fractal dimension of an image adopts the method of box dimension.
实施例1Example 1
按照检测金属的腐蚀程度/剩余腐蚀寿命的步骤，采集不同时间点的碳钢的腐蚀图像，并分别计算每个腐蚀阶段的分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积以及锈斑总面积占比，并统计不同阶段的分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积以及锈斑总面积占比结果，作图如图1所示，然后拟合方程可得到碳钢的腐蚀程度以及剩余寿命，拟合方程为：According to the steps of detecting the corrosion degree/remaining corrosion life of the metal, the corrosion images of carbon steel at different time points were collected, and the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots and the proportion of the total area of rust spots were calculated for each corrosion stage respectively. And count the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots and the proportion of the total area of rust spots at different stages, as shown in Figure 1, and then the fitting equation can get the corrosion degree and remaining life of carbon steel, the fitting equation for:
分形维数拟合方程：y1＝0.50094ln(x)-0.00191，其中x为时间，y1 为分形维数；Fractal dimension fitting equation: y1=0.50094ln(x)-0.00191, where x is time and y1 is fractal dimension;
锈斑总面积拟合方程：y2＝5371.21913x^1.22532，其中x为时间，y2为锈斑总面积(为图1中标记的总面积)；The fitting equation of the total area of rust spots: y2=5371.21913x^ 1.22532 , where x is time, and y2 is the total area of rust spots (the total area marked in Figure 1);
锈斑平均面积拟合方程：y3＝0.18768e^1.61598x，其中x为时间，y3为锈斑平均面积(为图1中标记的平均面积)；The fitting equation of the average area of rust spots: y3=0.18768e^ 1.61598x , where x is time, and y3 is the average area of rust spots (the average area marked in Figure 1);
锈斑总面积占比拟合方程：y4＝0.20456x^1.37741，其中x为时间， y4为锈斑总面积占比(为图1中标记的总面积占比)。The fitting equation of the proportion of the total area of rust spots: y4=0.20456x^1.37741, where x is the time, and y4 is the proportion of the total area of rust spots (the total area proportion marked in Figure 1).
实施例2Example 2
在与实施例1相同环境下，按照检测金属的腐蚀程度/剩余腐蚀寿命的步骤，时间点a采集碳钢的表面图像，经过灰度和二值化处理得到二值化图像，如图2所示；然后计算得到其分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积、锈斑总面积占比，并通过实施例1中的拟合方程得到碳钢a的腐蚀程度以及剩余寿命，具体情况如下表1所示。Under the same environment as in Example 1, according to the steps of detecting the corrosion degree/remaining corrosion life of the metal, the surface image of carbon steel was collected at time point a, and the binarized image was obtained through grayscale and binarization processing, as shown in Figure 2 Then calculate the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots, and the proportion of the total area of rust spots, and obtain the corrosion degree and remaining life of carbon steel a through the fitting equation in Example 1, and the details are as follows in Table 1 shown.
表1时间点a的碳钢的腐蚀情况/剩余腐蚀寿命Table 1 Corrosion situation/residual corrosion life of carbon steel at time point a
注：剩余腐蚀寿命以腐蚀面积达到100％计。Note: The remaining corrosion life is calculated when the corrosion area reaches 100%.
实施例3Example 3
在与实施例1相同环境下，按照检测金属的腐蚀程度/剩余腐蚀寿命的步骤，时间点b采集碳钢b的表面图像，经过灰度和二值化处理得到二值化图像，如图3所示；然后计算得到其分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积、锈斑总面积占比，并通过实施例1中的拟合方程得到碳钢a的腐蚀程度以及剩余寿命，具体情况如下表2所示。Under the same environment as in Example 1, according to the steps of detecting the corrosion degree/remaining corrosion life of the metal, the surface image of carbon steel b was collected at time point b, and the binarized image was obtained through grayscale and binarization processing, as shown in Figure 3 Then calculate the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots, and the proportion of the total area of rust spots, and obtain the corrosion degree and remaining life of carbon steel a through the fitting equation in Example 1, and the details are as follows. 2 shown.
表2时间点b的碳钢的腐蚀情况/剩余腐蚀寿命Table 2 Corrosion status/remaining corrosion life of carbon steel at time point b
注：剩余腐蚀寿命以腐蚀面积达到100％计。Note: The remaining corrosion life is calculated when the corrosion area reaches 100%.
实施例4Example 4
在与实施例1相同环境下，按照检测金属的腐蚀程度/剩余腐蚀寿命的步骤，时间点c采集碳钢的表面图像，经过灰度和二值化处理得到二值化图像，如图4所示；然后计算得到其分形维数、锈斑总面积、锈斑平均面积、锈斑总面积占比，并通过实施例1中的拟合方程得到碳钢a的腐蚀程度以及剩余寿命，具体情况如下表3所示。Under the same environment as Example 1, according to the steps of detecting the corrosion degree/remaining corrosion life of the metal, the surface image of carbon steel was collected at time point c, and the binarized image was obtained through grayscale and binarization processing, as shown in Figure 4 Then calculate the fractal dimension, the total area of rust spots, the average area of rust spots, and the proportion of the total area of rust spots, and obtain the corrosion degree and remaining life of carbon steel a by the fitting equation in Example 1, and the details are as follows in Table 3 shown.
表3时间点c碳钢的的腐蚀情况/剩余腐蚀寿命Table 3 Corrosion status/residual corrosion life of carbon steel at time point c
注：剩余腐蚀寿命以腐蚀面积达到100％计。Note: The remaining corrosion life is calculated when the corrosion area reaches 100%.
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be Modifications or equivalent substitutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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