CN113875385A

CN113875385A - automatic potato harvester

Info

Publication number: CN113875385A
Application number: CN202111383414.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 申允德; 李龙龙; 杨洋; 吴明格; 张成浩
Original assignee: Wenzhou University
Current assignee: Wenzhou University
Priority date: 2021-11-22
Filing date: 2021-11-22
Publication date: 2022-01-04

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic potato harvester, which comprises a traction driving mechanism, wherein the traction driving mechanism is connected with a harvesting mechanism; the harvesting mechanism comprises a mounting frame, rollers are arranged at the lower ends of the two sides of the mounting frame, an excavating mechanism is arranged at the lower side of the front end of the mounting frame, a potato-soil separating mechanism is arranged at the middle section of the mounting frame, and a collecting mechanism is connected at the rear end of the mounting frame; the potato and soil separating mechanism comprises a crank rotating shaft arranged above the front end of the mounting frame, a rotating loop bar is arranged on the crank rotating shaft, and the upper end of the rotating loop bar is connected with a first connecting rod; the potato and soil separating mechanism also comprises a plurality of pairs of swing rods, wherein a power rod is connected between the upper ends of the swing rods, a second connecting rod is arranged in the middle of the power rod, and the upper end of the second connecting rod is connected with the upper end of the first connecting rod; articulated between the lower extreme of rocking rod have first sieve pole, be equipped with many second sieve poles on the first sieve pole. The invention can realize the quick harvest of the potatoes and has the advantages of small volume, flexibility, convenience and simple operation.

Description

Automatic potato harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to an automatic potato harvester.

Background

The potato planting mode is ridge-ploughed, and the south-north planting time has great difference, and the tradition is generally spring planting summer harvest, and the planting time is generally march. At present, under the holding of the greenhouse technology, the potatoes can be planted in advance, even out of season, and the purpose of autumn planting and winter harvesting is achieved. The potatoes planted in the greenhouse can be sold on the market 20-30 days in advance. And has a series of advantages of good potato quality, short planting period, high economic benefit and the like, and greatly increases the income of potato farmers, so that the proportion of the potatoes planted in the greenhouse is on the trend of increasing year by year in recent years. With the continuous development of greenhouse planting technology in recent years, the greenhouse planting mode is the same as the traditional potato planting mode, potatoes planted in the greenhouse have two types of single row in one ridge and double row in one ridge, the ridge width of the planting mode of one ridge and double row is slightly larger, the size of the agricultural machine is correspondingly widened, and obviously, the greenhouse planting mode is not suitable for mechanical operation, so that the planting mode of one ridge and single row is adopted. In general, the one-ridge single-row planting mode requires that the ridge distance D is 60-70cm, the ridge width D is 30cm and the ridge height h is 25 cm. However, due to the topography of greenhouses, mountains and hills, large mechanical equipment cannot be applied to narrow environments, and therefore, it is necessary to develop a potato harvester which can be applied to the topography.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an automatic potato harvester. The invention can realize the quick harvest of the potatoes and has the advantages of small volume, flexibility, convenience and simple operation.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the automatic potato harvester comprises a traction driving mechanism, wherein the traction driving mechanism is connected with a harvesting mechanism; the harvesting mechanism comprises a mounting frame, and rollers are arranged at the lower ends of the two sides of the mounting frame; the lower side of the front end of the mounting rack is provided with an excavating mechanism, the middle section of the mounting rack is provided with a potato-soil separating mechanism, and the rear end of the mounting rack is connected with a collecting mechanism; the potato and soil separating mechanism comprises a crank rotating shaft arranged above the front end of the mounting frame through a bearing seat, a rotating loop bar is arranged on the crank rotating shaft, and the upper end of the rotating loop bar is connected with a first connecting rod; the potato and soil separating mechanism also comprises a plurality of pairs of swing rods which are respectively hinged on two sides of the mounting frame, wherein a power rod is connected between the upper ends of the pair of swing rods, a second connecting rod is arranged in the middle of the power rod, and the upper end of the second connecting rod is connected with the upper end of the first connecting rod; articulated have the first sieve pole of U-shaped between the lower extreme of rocking rod, be equipped with the second sieve pole that many intervals set up on the first sieve pole, the second sieve pole is the upwards form of slope by preceding backward.

In the automatic potato harvester, the digging mechanism comprises a U-shaped digging rod sleeved at the front end of the mounting frame, and a plurality of digging shovels are arranged at the bottom end of the digging rod in parallel; a lifting rod with a crank handle is arranged above the front end of the mounting rack, lifting ropes are respectively wound at two ends of the lifting rod, and the end part of each lifting rope is connected with the digging rod; the digging rod and the mounting frame are limited by a spring pin.

In the automatic potato harvester, the digging shovel is of a three-section type, wherein the front section is triangular, the middle section is of an inclined long strip shape, and the rear section is of a horizontal square shape; the rear section of the digging shovel is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the digging rod.

In the automatic potato harvester, the roller rods are slidably arranged on two sides of the middle section of the mounting frame in a penetrating manner, and the bottom ends of the roller rods are connected with the rollers; the roller rod and the mounting frame are limited through a spring pin.

According to the automatic potato harvester, the collecting mechanism comprises supporting chain wheels which are respectively arranged at four corners of the rear end of the mounting frame, a cylindrical annular collecting turntable is arranged between the supporting chain wheels, and a first chain connected with the supporting chain is fixedly arranged on the inner annular wall of the collecting turntable; the collecting mechanism also comprises a collecting basket which is arranged on the mounting frame and positioned in the middle of the collecting turntable; a chain wheel transmission shaft is mounted on the mounting frame through a bearing seat, a transmission chain wheel matched with the first chain is arranged at one end of the chain wheel transmission shaft, and a driven chain wheel is arranged at the other end of the chain wheel transmission shaft; a driving chain wheel is arranged at the rear end part of the crank rotating shaft; the driving chain wheel is connected with the driven chain wheel through a second chain.

In the automatic potato harvester, the outer circumferential surface of the collecting turntable is in a screen shape, and the end surface of the collecting turntable is provided with the first baffle plate; a plurality of sieve rod frames are annularly distributed between the inner ring and the outer ring of the collecting turntable; the interior of the collecting rotary table is divided into a plurality of conveying chambers through a sieve rod frame; and the side surface of the inner circumference of the collecting turntable is provided with a second baffle plate.

According to the automatic potato harvester, the traction driving mechanism comprises a frame, a gearbox is arranged on the frame, a gear shifting mechanism and an engine are arranged on the upper end face of the gearbox, and a generator is arranged on the side face of the gearbox; the gear shifting mechanism is connected with a gear lever mechanism; the output end of the engine is respectively connected with the input ends of the generator and the gearbox through belt transmission; the output end of the gearbox is respectively connected with the crank rotating shaft and the wheels; and the side surface of the gearbox is connected with a hand-held steering rod.

According to the automatic potato harvester, the gearbox comprises a box body, and a first shaft, a second shaft, a third shaft, a fourth shaft, a fifth shaft and a sixth shaft are arranged in the box body; the end part of the first shaft is provided with a belt pulley, and the belt pulley is connected with an engine through a transmission belt; a first gear and a first bevel gear are arranged on the first shaft; a second bevel gear meshed with the first bevel gear is arranged on the sixth shaft, and the sixth shaft is connected with the crank rotating shaft; a second gear, a first duplex clutch outer gear, a first shaft gear, a second duplex clutch outer gear, a second shaft gear and a duplex traveling outer gear are arranged on the second shaft; the second gear is meshed with the first gear; a first sliding gear is arranged on the first shaft gear in a sliding manner; a second sliding gear is arranged on the second shaft gear in a sliding manner; the gear shifting mechanism is respectively connected with the first sliding gear and the second sliding gear; the third shaft is provided with a third gear, a first external duplex gear, a second external duplex gear, a fourth gear and a spur gear; the large wheel of the first external duplex gear is meshed with the large wheel of the first external duplex clutch gear; the large wheel of the second external duplex gear is meshed with the large wheel of the second external duplex clutch gear; the spur gear is meshed with a large gear of the duplex traveling external gear; a fifth gear and a sixth gear are arranged on the fourth shaft, and the outer end part of the fourth shaft is connected with the wheel on the left side; the fifth gear is meshed with a third gear, and the sixth gear is meshed with a small wheel of the first duplicate external gear; a seventh gear and an eighth gear are arranged on the fifth shaft, and the outer end part of the fifth shaft is connected with a wheel on the right side; the seventh gear is meshed with a small gear of the second external duplicate gear, and the eighth gear is meshed with a fourth gear.

In the automatic potato harvester, the gear shifting mechanism comprises a pair of first guide rails arranged on the upper surface of the box body, each first guide rail is provided with two sliding shaft sleeves, and a second guide rail is arranged between every two adjacent sliding shaft sleeves; the gear shifting mechanism also comprises a pair of support rods erected on two sides of the first guide rail, a rotating rod penetrates through the support rods, a rotating short rod is arranged in the middle of the rotating rod, and a gear shifting flat plate is hinged to the end part of the rotating short rod; the end part and the middle end of the gear shifting flat plate are respectively connected with a second guide rail; the surface of the gear shifting flat plate is provided with a right-angle groove and a T-shaped groove respectively; a first gear shifting fork is arranged in the right-angle groove and connected with a first sliding gear; a second gear shifting fork is arranged in the T-shaped groove and connected with a second sliding gear; the end part of the rotating rod is connected with a gear handle mechanism.

According to the automatic potato harvester, the gear handle mechanism comprises a plurality of guide rings arranged on the hand-held direction rod, a first gear rod is arranged on the guide rings in a sliding and penetrating mode, the end portion of the first gear rod is connected with a second gear rod through a universal joint, and the end portion of the second gear rod is connected with the end portion of the rotating rod through the universal joint.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention utilizes the traction driving mechanism to drive the harvesting mechanism to operate, the roller of the harvesting mechanism provides the moving capability in the operation process, the digging mechanism turns up the mixture of potatoes and soil, the rear potato-soil mixture is extruded to enter the potato-soil separating mechanism along with the continuous forward propulsion of the invention, the swinging rod in the potato-soil separating mechanism is connected with the second connecting rod through the power rod, the second connecting rod is connected with the crank rotating shaft through the first connecting rod, therefore, the power rod is driven to swing in the crank rotating process to form the high-frequency vibration of the first sieve rod and the second sieve rod, further the massive soil is broken and separated from the surface of potatoes and falls down from the gap of the second sieve rod, meanwhile, the backward movement process of the potato-soil mixture can be slowed down due to the inclined upward form of the second sieve rod from front to back, thereby improving the potato-soil separation quality, the potatoes continuously move backwards and enter the collecting mechanism for collection, so that the potato harvester can quickly harvest the potatoes, and has the advantages of small size, flexibility, convenience and simplicity in operation.

2. The digging shovels are arranged on the digging rod side by side, the digging rod is sleeved on the two parallel square rails arranged on the mounting frame, the traction lifting rope can be wound on the lifting rod by manually rotating the hand crank, and the other end of the lifting rope is connected to the digging rod, so that the digging shovels can be adjusted in height up and down. In order to ensure the positioning in height, the invention can lock the height of the digging rod in a spring pin mode, thereby realizing the positioning of the height of the digging shovel. The digging shovel is designed into a three-section structure, and the first section is designed into a triangle, so that the resistance of the digging shovel during the digging can be effectively reduced, and the digging performance of the digging shovel is improved; the second section is a transition section which is in an inclined strip shape, can transit and convey the excavated potato-soil mixture to the third section, and can enter the potato-soil separating mechanism to complete the potato-soil separating operation after passing through the third section.

3. The collecting mechanism of the invention adopts a collecting turntable for uniform transportation, potatoes screened and separated by the potato-soil separating mechanism move backwards into the collecting turntable, and the collecting turntable rotates by providing rotating force through the traction driving mechanism. In collecting the carousel, will collect the inside partition of carousel and become a plurality of transportation cavities by the sieve bar frame, the potato rotates along with collecting the carousel in transportation cavity to through the effect of first plate washer and second plate washer prevent to scatter, when the transportation cavity at potato place transferred to the top of collecting the carousel, the potato dropped into from the breach and collects in collecting the frame. In addition, the screen-shaped design of the collecting rotary disc can further screen the potatoes and reduce the weight of parts.

4. The traction driving mechanism is optimally designed, wherein the power source is an engine, the power output by the engine is divided into two parts after being input from a first shaft 1, and one part is output from a sixth shaft after being transmitted by a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear and is directly used for driving the traction harvesting mechanism to work. The other strand is transmitted to a second shaft, a first sliding gear and a second sliding gear are mounted on the second shaft, and the two sliding gears can be operated through a gear shifting mechanism, so that the forward movement, the stop, the left rotation and the right rotation of the whole harvester are realized. Meanwhile, the left wheel and the rear wheel of the harvester are independently controlled by the fourth shaft and the fifth shaft, when the harvester turns left or right, the wheel on one side is not moved as a circle center, and the wheel on the other side rotates.

5. The gear shifting mechanism respectively realizes the left and right movement of the first sliding gear and the second sliding gear through the first gear shifting fork and the second gear shifting fork, so that the gear shifting operation is realized. The end parts of the first gear shifting fork and the second gear shifting fork are respectively placed in the right-angle groove and the T-shaped groove of the gear shifting flat plate, an operator can control the movement on the horizontal plane of the gear shifting flat plate by holding the first gear lever and the second gear lever on the steering rod by hands to adjust the position relation between the first sliding gear and the second sliding gear, and the right-angle groove and the T-shaped groove are utilized to restrain the position relation between the first gear shifting fork and the second gear shifting fork, so that the error adjustment is avoided, and the accurate adjustment of gears is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the harvesting mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the collection mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a collection carousel according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the traction drive mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the transmission of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the shift mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a shift schematic of the present invention.

The labels in the figures are:

1. a traction drive mechanism; 2. a harvesting mechanism; 3. a mounting frame; 4. a roller; 5. an excavating mechanism; 6. a separating mechanism; 7. a collection mechanism; 8. a crank shaft; 9. rotating the loop bar; 10. a first link; 11. a rocking bar; 12. a power rod; 13. a second link; 14. a first screen bar; 15. a second screen bar; 16. excavating a rod; 17. excavating a shovel; 18. a lifting rod; 19. a lifting rope; 20. a roller bar; 21. a support sprocket; 22. a collecting turntable; 23. a first chain; 24. a collection basket; 25. a sprocket drive shaft; 26. a drive sprocket; 27. a driven sprocket; 28. a drive sprocket; 29. a hand crank; 30. a second chain; 31. a first baffle plate; 32. a sieve bar frame; 33. a transport chamber; 34. a second baffle plate; 35. a frame; 36. a gearbox; 37. a gear shift mechanism; 38. an engine; 39. a generator; 40. a wheel; 41. a hand steering rod; 42. a box body; 43. a first shaft; 44. a second shaft; 45. a third axis; 46. a fourth axis; 47. a fifth shaft; 48. a sixth axis; 49. a belt pulley; 50. a first gear; 51. a first bevel gear; 52. a second gear; 53. a first external double clutch gear; 54. a first shaft gear; 55. a second external duplex clutch gear; 56. a second shaft gear; 57. a duplex traveling outer gear; 58. a first slip gear; 59. a second slip gear; 60. a third gear; 61. a first external double gear; 62. a second external duplex gear; 63. a fourth gear; 64. a spur gear; 65. a fifth gear; 66. a sixth gear; 67. a seventh gear; 68. an eighth gear; 69. a first guide rail; 70. a sliding shaft sleeve; 71. a second guide rail; 72. a support bar; 73. rotating the rod; 74. rotating the short rod; 75. a shift plate; 76. a right-angle groove; 77. a T-shaped groove; 78. a first gear shifting fork; 79. a second gear shifting fork; 80. a handle shifting mechanism; 81. a guide ring; 82. a first shift lever; 83. a second gear lever.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Example (b): an automatic potato harvester, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprises a traction driving mechanism 1, wherein the traction driving mechanism 1 is connected with a harvesting mechanism 2; the harvesting mechanism 2 comprises a mounting frame 3, and rollers 4 are arranged at the lower ends of the two sides of the mounting frame 3; in this embodiment, roller rods 20 are slidably arranged on two sides of the middle section of the mounting frame 3, and the bottom ends of the roller rods 20 are connected with rollers 4; the position between the roller rod 20 and the mounting frame 3 is limited by a spring pin, and the height of the roller 4 is adjusted by the roller rod 20 so as to be suitable for different terrains. An excavating mechanism 5 is arranged on the lower side of the front end of the mounting rack 3, a potato-soil separating mechanism 6 is arranged in the middle section of the mounting rack 3, and a collecting mechanism 7 is connected to the rear end of the mounting rack 3; the potato and soil separating mechanism 6 comprises a crank rotating shaft 8 arranged above the front end of the mounting frame 3 through a bearing seat, a rotating loop bar 9 is arranged on the crank rotating shaft 8, and the upper end of the rotating loop bar 9 is connected with a first connecting rod 10; the potato and soil separating mechanism 6 further comprises a plurality of pairs of swing rods 11 which are respectively hinged on two sides of the mounting frame 3, wherein a power rod 12 is connected between the upper ends of the pair of swing rods 11, a second connecting rod 13 is arranged in the middle of the power rod 12, and the upper end of the second connecting rod 13 is connected with the upper end of the first connecting rod 10; articulated have the first sieve pole 14 of U-shaped between the lower extreme of rocking rod 11, be equipped with many intervals on the first sieve pole 14 and set up second sieve pole 15, second sieve pole 15 is the upwards form of slope by preceding backward. The invention utilizes the traction driving mechanism 1 to drive the harvesting mechanism 2 to operate, in the operation process, the roller 4 of the harvesting mechanism 2 provides the moving capability, the digging mechanism turns up the mixture of potatoes and soil, along with the continuous forward propulsion of the invention, the rear potato-soil mixture is extruded and enters the potato-soil separating mechanism 6, the swing rod 11 in the potato-soil separating mechanism 6 is connected with the second connecting rod 13 through the power rod 12, the second connecting rod 13 is connected with the crank rotating shaft 8 through the first connecting rod 10, therefore, in the crank rotation process, the power rod 12 is driven to swing, the high-frequency vibration of the first sieve rod 14 and the second sieve rod 15 is formed, further, the massive soil is crushed and separated from the surface of the potatoes and falls from the gap of the second sieve rod 15, meanwhile, the progress of the backward movement of the potato-soil mixture can be slowed down because the second sieve rod 15 is in the form of being inclined upwards from front to back, therefore, the potato soil separation quality is improved, and then the potatoes continue to move backwards to enter the collecting mechanism 7 for collection, so that the potato harvester can quickly harvest the potatoes, and has the advantages of small size, flexibility, convenience and simplicity in operation.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the digging mechanism 5 comprises a U-shaped digging rod 16 sleeved at the front end of the mounting frame 3, and a plurality of digging shovels 17 are arranged at the bottom end of the digging rod 16 in parallel; a lifting rod 18 with a crank 29 is arranged above the front end of the mounting rack 3, a lifting rope 19 is respectively wound at two ends of the lifting rod 18, and the end part of the lifting rope 19 is connected with the digging rod 16; the digging rod 16 and the mounting frame 3 are limited by a spring pin. The digging shovel 17 is in a three-section type, wherein the front section is triangular, the middle section is in an inclined long strip shape, and the rear section is in a horizontal square shape; the rear section of the digging shovel 17 is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the digging rod 16. The digging shovels 17 are arranged on the digging rod 16 side by side, the digging rod 16 is sleeved on two parallel square rails arranged on the mounting frame 3, the hand crank 29 can be manually rotated to wind the traction lifting rope 19 on the lifting rod 18, and the other end of the lifting rope 19 is connected to the digging rod 16, so that the digging shovels 17 can realize vertical height adjustment. In order to ensure the positioning in height, the invention can lock the height of the digging rod 16 by a spring pin, thereby realizing the positioning of the height of the digging shovel 17. The digging shovel 17 is designed into a three-section structure, and the first section is designed into a triangle, so that the resistance of the digging shovel 17 during soil entering can be effectively reduced, and the soil entering performance of the digging shovel 17 is improved; the second section is a transition section which is in an inclined strip shape, can transit and convey the excavated potato-soil mixture to the third section, and can enter the potato-soil separating mechanism 6 after passing through the third section to complete the potato-soil separating operation.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the collecting mechanism 7 includes supporting sprockets 21 respectively disposed at four corners of the rear end of the mounting frame 3, a collecting turntable 22 in a cylindrical ring shape is disposed between the supporting sprockets 21, and a first chain 23 connected to the supporting chains is fixedly disposed on an inner annular wall of the collecting turntable 22; the collecting mechanism 7 further comprises a collecting basket 24 which is arranged on the mounting frame 3 and is positioned in the middle of the collecting turntable 22; a chain wheel transmission shaft 25 is mounted on the mounting frame 3 through a bearing seat, a transmission chain wheel 26 matched with the first chain 23 is arranged at one end of the chain wheel transmission shaft 25, and a driven chain wheel 27 is arranged at the other end of the chain wheel transmission shaft 25; a driving chain wheel 28 is arranged at the rear end part of the crank rotating shaft 8; the driving sprocket 28 and the driven sprocket 27 are connected via a second chain 30. The outer circumferential surface of the collecting turntable 22 is in a screen shape, and the end surface of the collecting turntable 22 is provided with a first baffle plate 31; a plurality of sieve rod frames 32 are annularly distributed between the inner ring and the outer ring of the collecting turntable 22; the interior of the collection carousel 22 is divided into a plurality of transport chambers 33 by sieve bars 32; the side of the inner circumference of the collecting turntable 22 is provided with a second baffle 34. The collecting mechanism 7 of the invention adopts a collecting turntable 22 for uniform transportation, potatoes screened and separated by the potato-soil separating mechanism 6 move backwards into the collecting turntable 22, and the collecting turntable rotates by providing rotating force through the traction driving mechanism 1. In the collecting rotary disc 22, the inner part of the collecting rotary disc 22 is divided into a plurality of conveying chambers 33 by the sieve rod frame 32, potatoes rotate along with the collecting rotary disc 22 in the conveying chambers 33 and are prevented from scattering under the action of the first baffle plates 31 and the second baffle plates 34, and when the conveying chambers 33 where the potatoes are located rotate to the top of the collecting rotary disc 22, the potatoes fall into the collecting frame from gaps for collection. Furthermore, the screen-like design of the collecting turntable 22 allows further screening of the potatoes and a reduction in the weight of the components.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the traction drive mechanism 1 includes a frame 35, a gearbox 36 is disposed on the frame 35, a gear shift mechanism 37 and an engine 38 are disposed on an upper end surface of the gearbox 36, and a generator 39 is disposed on a side surface of the gearbox 36; the shift mechanism 37 is connected with a shift handle mechanism 80; the output end of the engine 38 is connected to the input ends of the generator 39 and the transmission 36 through belt transmission, and it should be noted that the input end of the transmission 36 is provided with an electromagnetic clutch which can perform power clutch in the gear shifting process; the output end of the gearbox 36 is respectively connected with the crank rotating shaft 8 and the wheel 40; and a hand-held direction rod 41 is connected to the side surface of the gearbox 36. As shown in fig. 6, the transmission 36 includes a casing 42, and a first shaft 43, a second shaft 44, a third shaft 45, a fourth shaft 46, a fifth shaft 47 and a sixth shaft 48 are provided in the casing 42; a belt pulley 49 is arranged at the end part of the first shaft 43, and the belt pulley 49 is connected with the engine 38 through a transmission belt; a first gear 50 and a first bevel gear 51 are arranged on the first shaft 43; a second bevel gear meshed with the first bevel gear 51 is arranged on the sixth shaft 48, and the sixth shaft 48 is connected with the crank rotating shaft 8; the second shaft 44 is provided with a second gear 52, a first external duplex clutch gear 53, a first shaft 43 gear, a second external duplex clutch gear 55, a second shaft 44 gear and an external duplex traveling gear 57; the second gear 52 is meshed with the first gear 50; a first sliding gear 58 is arranged on the first shaft 43 in a sliding manner; a second sliding gear 59 is arranged on the gear of the second shaft 44 in a sliding manner; the shift mechanism 37 is respectively connected with a first sliding gear and a second sliding gear 59; the third shaft 45 is provided with a third gear 60, a first external duplicate gear 61, a second external duplicate gear 62, a fourth gear 63 and a spur gear 64; the large gear of the first external duplex gear 61 meshes with the large gear of the first external duplex clutch gear 53; the large wheel of the second external duplicate gear 62 meshes with the large wheel of the second external duplicate clutch gear 55; the spur gear 64 meshes with the large gear of the double travel external gear 57; a fifth gear 65 and a sixth gear 66 are arranged on the fourth shaft 46, and the outer end part of the fourth shaft 46 is connected with the wheel 40 on the left side; the fifth gear 65 meshes with the third gear 60, and the sixth gear 66 meshes with the small gear of the first external double gear 61; a seventh gear 67 and an eighth gear 68 are arranged on the fifth shaft 47, and the outer end part of the fifth shaft 47 is connected with the right wheel 40; the seventh gear 67 meshes with the small gear of the second external duplicate gear 62, and the eighth gear 68 meshes with the fourth gear 63.

As shown in fig. 7, the shift mechanism 37 includes a pair of first rails 69 disposed on the upper surface of the casing 42, two sliding sleeves 70 are disposed on each first rail 69, and a second rail 71 is disposed between adjacent sliding sleeves 70; the gear shifting mechanism 37 further comprises a pair of support rods 72 erected at two sides of the first guide rail 69, a rotating rod 73 is arranged on the support rods 72 in a penetrating manner, a rotating short rod 74 is arranged in the middle of the rotating rod 73, and a gear shifting flat plate 75 is hinged to the end part of the rotating short rod 74; the end and the middle end of the shift plate 75 are respectively connected with the second guide rail 71; the surface of the gear shifting flat plate 75 is provided with a right-angle groove 76 and a T-shaped groove 77 respectively; a first gear shifting fork 78 is arranged in the right-angle groove 76, and the first gear shifting fork 78 is connected with the first sliding gear 58; a second gear shifting fork 79 is arranged in the T-shaped groove 77, and the second gear shifting fork 79 is connected with the second sliding gear 59; the end part of the rotating rod 73 is connected with a handle stopping mechanism 80; as shown in fig. 5, the lever mechanism 80 includes a plurality of guide rings 81 disposed on the hand steering rod 41, a first lever 82 is slidably disposed on the guide rings 81, an end of the first lever is connected to a second lever 83 via a universal joint, and an end of the second lever 83 is connected to an end of the rotating lever 73 via a universal joint. The end parts of the first gear shifting fork and the second gear shifting fork are respectively placed in the right-angle groove 76 and the T-shaped groove 77 of the gear shifting flat plate 75, an operator can control the movement on the horizontal plane of the gear shifting flat plate 75 by holding the first gear lever 82 and the second gear lever 83 on the steering rod 41 by hands to adjust the position relation between the first sliding gear and the second sliding gear 59, and the position relation between the first gear shifting fork and the second gear shifting fork is restrained by using the right-angle groove 76 and the T-shaped groove 77, so that the error adjustment is avoided, and the accurate adjustment of gears is ensured. Specific shifting operations can be seen in fig. 8, in which fig. 8, for the sake of simplicity, the first gearshift fork is indicated by the gearshift fork 1 or directly by the numeral 1, and the second gearshift fork is indicated by the gearshift fork 2 or directly by the numeral 2. According to the above operation schematic, the shift mechanism 37 of the present invention realizes shift operation by moving the first and second sliding gears 59 left and right by the first and second shift forks, respectively.

Principle of operation

The invention utilizes the traction driving mechanism 1 to drive the harvesting mechanism 2 to operate, in the operation process, the roller 4 of the harvesting mechanism 2 provides the moving capability, the digging mechanism turns up the mixture of potatoes and soil, along with the continuous forward propulsion of the invention, the rear potato-soil mixture is extruded and enters the potato-soil separating mechanism 6, the swing rod 11 in the potato-soil separating mechanism 6 is connected with the second connecting rod 13 through the power rod 12, the second connecting rod 13 is connected with the crank rotating shaft 8 through the first connecting rod 10, therefore, in the crank rotation process, the power rod 12 is driven to swing, the high-frequency vibration of the first sieve rod 14 and the second sieve rod 15 is formed, further, the massive soil is crushed and separated from the surface of the potatoes and falls from the gap of the second sieve rod 15, meanwhile, the progress of the backward movement of the potato-soil mixture can be slowed down because the second sieve rod 15 is in the form of being inclined upwards from front to back, thereby improving the potato-soil separation quality, and then the potatoes continue to move backwards to enter the collecting mechanism 7 for collection.

Claims

1. An automatic potato harvester, characterized in that: it comprises a traction driving mechanism (1), and the traction driving mechanism (1) is connected with a harvesting mechanism (2); the harvesting mechanism (2) comprises a mounting frame (3), and the mounting frame ( 3) Rollers (4) are provided at the lower ends of both sides; an excavation mechanism (5) is provided on the lower side of the front end of the mounting frame (3), and a potato soil separation mechanism (6) is provided in the middle section of the mounting frame (3). The rear end of (3) is connected with a collection mechanism (7); the potato soil separation mechanism (6) includes a crank shaft (8) arranged above the front end of the mounting frame (3) through a bearing seat, and the crank shaft (8) is provided with a crank shaft (8). There is a rotating sleeve rod (9), and the upper end of the rotating sleeve rod (9) is connected with a first connecting rod (10); the potato soil separation mechanism (6) also includes a plurality of pairs of hinged on both sides of the mounting frame (3) respectively. A rocking rod (11), wherein a power rod (12) is connected between the upper ends of the pair of rocking rods (11), and a second connecting rod (13) is provided in the middle of the power rod (12), and the second connecting rod (13) The upper end of the first connecting rod (10) is connected with the upper end of the first connecting rod (10); a U-shaped first screen rod (14) is hinged between the lower ends of the rocking rod (11), and the first screen rod (14) is provided with a plurality of The second screen rods (15) are arranged at intervals, and the second screen rods (15) are inclined upward from front to back.

2. The automatic potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the digging mechanism (5) comprises a U-shaped digging rod (16) sleeved on the front end of the mounting frame (3), and the digging rod (1 A plurality of excavating shovels (17) are arranged in parallel at the bottom end of the mounting frame (3); a lifting rod (18) with a hand crank (29) is provided above the front end of the mounting frame (3), and both ends of the lifting rod (18) are respectively wound with A lifting rope (19), the end of the lifting rope (19) is connected with the excavation rod (16); the position between the excavation rod (16) and the mounting frame (3) is limited by a spring pin.

3. The automatic potato harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that: the digging shovel (17) is in a three-segment type, wherein the front segment is in the shape of a triangle, the middle segment is in the shape of an oblique strip, and the rear segment is in a horizontal square; the The rear section of the excavating shovel (17) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the excavating rod (16).

4. The automatic potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: a roller rod (20) is slidably passed through both sides of the middle section of the mounting frame (3), and the bottom end of the roller rod (20) is connected to the roller ( 4); a spring pin is used to limit the position between the roller rod (20) and the mounting frame (3).

5. The automatic potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the collecting mechanism (7) comprises supporting sprockets (21) respectively arranged at the four corners of the rear end of the mounting frame (3), and the supporting sprockets ( 21) A cylindrical ring-shaped collecting turntable (22) is arranged between, and the inner ring wall of the collecting turntable (22) is fixedly provided with a first chain (23) connected with the supporting chain; the collecting mechanism (7) also includes a set of A collection basket (24) on the mounting frame (3) and located in the middle of the collecting turntable (22); One end is provided with a drive sprocket (26) matched with the first chain (23), and the other end of the sprocket drive shaft (25) is provided with a driven sprocket (27); The end is provided with a driving sprocket (28); the driving sprocket (28) is connected with the driven sprocket (27) via a second chain (30).

6. The automatic potato harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: the outer circumferential surface of the collection turntable (22) is in the shape of a screen, and the end face of the collection turntable (22) is provided with a first baffle (31) ; A plurality of screen rod frames (32) are annularly distributed between the inner ring and the outer ring of the collection turntable (3); the interior of the collection turntable (22) is divided into a plurality of transport cavities by the screen rod frame (32) A chamber (33); a second baffle plate (34) is provided on the side of the inner circumference of the collection turntable (22).

7. The automatic potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the traction drive mechanism (1) comprises a frame (35), and a gearbox (36) is provided on the frame (35), and the gearbox ( 36) is provided with a gear shift mechanism (37) and an engine (38) on the upper end surface, and a generator (39) is provided on the side of the gearbox (36); the gear shift mechanism (37) is connected with a gear handle mechanism (80) ; The output end of the engine (39) is respectively connected to the input end of the generator (39) and the gearbox (36) through the belt drive; the output end of the gearbox (36) is respectively connected to the crank shaft (8) and the wheel ( 40); a hand-held direction rod (41) is connected to the side of the gearbox (36).

8 . The automatic potato harvester according to claim 7 , wherein the gearbox ( 36 ) comprises a box body ( 42 ), and the box body ( 42 ) is provided with a first shaft ( 43 ) and a second shaft (44), the third shaft (45), the fourth shaft (46), the fifth shaft (47) and the sixth shaft (48); the end of the first shaft (43) is provided with a pulley (49), The pulley (49) is connected to the engine (38) via a transmission belt; the first shaft (43) is provided with a first gear (50) and a first bevel gear (51); the sixth shaft (48) is provided with a first gear (50) and a first bevel gear (51) A second bevel gear (52) meshing with the first bevel gear (51), the sixth shaft (48) is connected with the crank shaft (8); the second shaft (44) is provided with a second gear (52), a first double clutch external gear (53), a first shaft gear (54), a second double clutch external gear (55), a second shaft gear (56) and a double travel external gear (57) ; the second gear (52) meshes with the first gear (50); the first shaft gear (54) is slidably provided with a first sliding gear (58); the second shaft gear (56) A second slip gear (59) is provided on the upper slide; the shifting mechanism (37) is respectively connected with the first slip gear (58) and the second slip gear (59); the third shaft (45) ) is provided with a third gear (60), a first double external gear (61), a second double external gear (62), a fourth gear (63) and a spur gear (64); the first double external gear (62) The large wheel of the gear (61) meshes with the large wheel of the first double clutch external gear (53); the large wheel of the second double clutch external gear (52) is meshed with the large wheel of the second double clutch external gear (55). The large wheel meshes with each other; the spur gear (64) meshes with the large wheel of the double-running external gear (57); the fourth shaft (46) is provided with a fifth gear (65) and a sixth gear (66) ), the outer end of the fourth shaft (46) is connected to the left wheel (40); the fifth gear (65) meshes with the third gear (60), and the sixth gear (66) meshes with the first The small wheels of the double external gears (61) are in mesh; the fifth shaft (47) is provided with a seventh gear (67) and an eighth gear (68), and the outer end of the fifth shaft (47) is connected to the right side wheel (40); the seventh gear (67) meshes with the small wheel of the second double external gear (62), and the eighth gear (68) meshes with the fourth gear (63).

9. The automatic potato harvester according to claim 8, wherein the shifting mechanism (37) comprises a pair of first guide rails (69) arranged on the upper surface of the box body, and each first guide rail (69) ) are respectively provided with two sliding bushings (70), and a second guide rail (71) is arranged between the adjacent sliding bushings (70); the shifting mechanism (37) also includes a pair of The support rods (72) on both sides of the guide rail (69) are provided with a rotating rod (73) on the support rod (72), and a rotating short rod (74) is arranged in the middle of the rotating rod (73), and the rotating short rod (74) The end of the shift plate (75) is hinged with a shift plate (75); the end and the middle end of the shift plate (75) are respectively connected with the second guide rail (71); the plate surface of the shift plate (75) is provided with A right-angled slot (76) and a T-shaped slot (77) are respectively opened; the right-angled slot (76) is provided with a first shifting fork (78), the first shifting fork (78) and the first sliding The gear (58) is connected; the T-shaped groove (77) is provided with a second shifting fork (79), and the second shifting fork (79) is connected with the second sliding gear (59); The end of the rotating rod (73) is connected to the handle mechanism (80).

10. The automatic potato harvester according to claim 9, characterized in that: the handle mechanism (80) comprises a plurality of guide rings (81) arranged on the hand-held direction rod (41), and the guide rings (81) ) slides through a first gear rod (82), the end of the first gear rod (82) is connected with a second gear rod (83) through a universal joint, and the end of the second gear rod (83) is connected by a universal joint. The knuckle connects the end of the rotating rod (73).