CN113873695A - A kind of graphene radiation enhancement device for greenhouse - Google Patents
A kind of graphene radiation enhancement device for greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于温室大棚的石墨烯辐射增强装置，涉及到农业种植的辅助设施领域，它包括盒体和保温盖，保温盖活动安装在盒体的顶部，盒体内安装有热辐射组件，热辐射组件包括光热吸收板、传热肋板、储热介质层和石墨烯红外辐射板，光热吸收板位于保温盖和石墨烯红外辐射板之间，光热吸收板和石墨烯红外辐射板通过若干传热肋板连接，传热肋板两侧填充有储热介质层。当环境温度过低时，储热介质层中储存的热能通过与石墨烯红外辐射板对流传热，使石墨烯红外辐射板在冷环境中维持热辐射温度。使得当环境温度过低时，仍能维持石墨烯红外辐射板的热辐射温度。
The invention discloses a graphene radiation enhancement device used in a greenhouse, and relates to the field of auxiliary facilities for agricultural planting. The device comprises a box body and a thermal insulation cover. Component, the heat radiation component includes a light and heat absorption plate, a heat transfer rib plate, a heat storage medium layer and a graphene infrared radiation plate, the light heat absorption plate is located between the thermal insulation cover and the graphene infrared radiation plate, the light heat absorption plate and the graphene infrared radiation plate The infrared radiation plates are connected by a plurality of heat transfer rib plates, and both sides of the heat transfer rib plates are filled with heat storage medium layers. When the ambient temperature is too low, the thermal energy stored in the heat storage medium layer transfers heat through convection with the graphene infrared radiation plate, so that the graphene infrared radiation plate maintains the thermal radiation temperature in a cold environment. So that when the ambient temperature is too low, the thermal radiation temperature of the graphene infrared radiation plate can still be maintained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of auxiliary facilities for agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a graphene radiation enhancement device for a greenhouse.
Background
The planting greenhouse is also called as a greenhouse, and is provided with a facility which can transmit light and keep the temperature (or heat) and is used for planting plants. In seasons unsuitable for plant growth, the method can provide the growth period of the greenhouse and increase the yield, and is mainly used for cultivating or raising seedlings of plants like warm vegetables, flowers and trees in low-temperature seasons. The greenhouse greatly improves the rural labor absorbing capacity, improves the land utilization rate and the yield of agricultural products, and creates opportunities for increasing the income of farmers. The poor region has proposed "one house one shed runs well", but the current greenhouse development has met the unprecedented challenge, and the original coal boiler heating mode is forbidden because of environmental pollution. The natural gas or electricity is used instead, the electricity price is high, the gas is expensive, the energy consumption cost is increased, the income of farmers is greatly discounted, new technology substitution is urgently needed, and the aims of saving energy, protecting environment, increasing production and income are achieved.
The heating energy consumption of the greenhouse is the main cost for operation in winter. The natural energy is utilized, the energy consumption is reduced, and the method is the most direct means for improving the production benefit of the greenhouse. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an auxiliary device capable of utilizing natural energy to supply energy to the greenhouse in winter, so as to reduce the cost required for heating the greenhouse in winter.
Graphene is a heat-radiating material with excellent properties. However, the infrared radiation temperature of the graphene infrared radiation plate is correlated with the ambient temperature, when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the heat radiation temperature of the graphene infrared radiation plate is remarkably reduced, the reduction trend of the heat radiation temperature of the graphene infrared radiation plate is aggravated along with the reduction of the ambient temperature, and the practice proves that the heat radiation intensity of the graphene infrared radiation plate is remarkably reduced in a low-temperature cold environment, particularly in a seasonal extremely-large cold tide.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the heating energy consumption of the greenhouse in winter, the invention aims to provide a graphene radiation enhancement device for the greenhouse.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a graphite alkene radiation reinforcing means for warmhouse booth, including box body and heat preservation lid, heat preservation lid movable mounting is at the top of box body, install the heat radiation subassembly in the box body, the heat radiation subassembly includes the light and heat absorption board, the heat transfer floor, heat-retaining dielectric layer and graphite alkene infrared radiation board, the light and heat absorption board is located between heat preservation lid and the graphite alkene infrared radiation board, evenly be provided with a plurality of heat transfer floor connections on the light and heat absorption board, every heat transfer floor both sides are filled has the heat-retaining dielectric layer, the one end that the light and heat absorption board was kept away from to the heat-retaining dielectric layer is connected with graphite alkene infrared radiation board, graphite alkene infrared radiation board is connected with the power, and graphite alkene infrared radiation board is used for radiating heat energy to warmhouse booth.
Preferably, the graphene infrared radiation plate comprises a rigid substrate, an insulating base film, a graphene coating, an insulating interlayer film and a rigid clamping plate, wherein the graphene coating is arranged between the rigid substrate and the rigid clamping plate, and the insulating base film and the insulating interlayer film cover the two sides of the graphene coating, which are close to the rigid substrate and the rigid clamping plate, respectively.
Preferably, the photothermal absorbing plate is an aluminum plate.
Preferably, the side of the photothermal absorption plate remote from the graphene infrared radiation plate is covered with a carbon-coated layer.
Preferably, the carbon-coated layer comprises 90-93 parts by weight of a binder and 7-10 parts by weight of a carbon material.
Preferably, the adhesive is 93 parts by weight, the carbon material is 7 parts by weight, the adhesive is acrylic resin emulsion or polyurethane paint, and the carbon material is one or a combination of more than two of graphite powder, carbon nanotubes and graphene.
Preferably, the heat transfer rib plate is a Z-shaped plate, one end of the Z-shaped plate is connected with the photo-thermal absorption plate, and the other end of the Z-shaped plate is close to the graphene infrared radiation plate.
Preferably, the heat storage medium layer is paraffin or stearic acid.
Preferably, the heat-insulating cover comprises a heat-insulating cover shell and a heat-insulating filling layer, the heat-insulating filling layer is filled in the inner cavity of the whole heat-insulating cover shell, and the heat-insulating filling layer is made of a rubber heat-insulating material.
As preferred, be connected for articulated between box body and the heat preservation lid, the outer wall both sides of box body are provided with hangs the support ear seat, hang the support ear seat and be used for installing the top at warmhouse booth with the box body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a graphene radiation enhancement device for a greenhouse, which comprises a box body and a heat preservation cover, wherein the heat preservation cover is movably arranged at the top of the box body, a heat radiation assembly is arranged in the box body, the heat radiation assembly comprises a photo-thermal absorption plate, heat transfer ribbed plates, a heat storage medium layer and a graphene infrared radiation plate, the photo-thermal absorption plate is positioned between the heat preservation cover and the graphene infrared radiation plate, the photo-thermal absorption plate is connected with the graphene infrared radiation plate through a plurality of heat transfer ribbed plates, and the heat storage medium layer is filled at two sides of each heat transfer ribbed plate. The graphene infrared radiation plate can radiate heat energy to the environment after being powered on, and the photo-thermal absorption plate absorbs solar energy to convert the solar energy into heat energy in daytime and stores the heat energy in the heat storage medium layer through the heat transfer ribbed plates. When the ambient temperature is too low, the heat energy stored in the heat storage medium layer is subjected to heat convection with the graphene infrared radiation plate, so that the graphene infrared radiation plate maintains the heat radiation temperature in a cold environment. When the ambient temperature is too low, the thermal radiation temperature of the graphene infrared radiation plate can still be maintained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic right view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic half-section view in elevation of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the present invention with the insulating cover and the light and heat absorbing plate removed.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of half a section of a front view of the cassette of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a partial schematic view of the photothermal absorption plate and heat transfer ribs of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the clip of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the graphene infrared radiation plate of the present invention.
In the figure: the heat radiation module comprises a heat radiation component 1, a graphene infrared radiation plate 11, a rigid substrate 111, an insulating base film 112, a graphene coating 113, an insulating interlayer 114, a rigid clamping plate 115, a heat transfer rib plate 12, a heat storage medium layer 13, a heat storage medium layer 14, a clamping piece 141, a first clamping groove 142, a second clamping groove 142, a photothermal absorption plate 15, a carbon coating 151, a heat insulation cover 2, a hinged connecting piece 3 and a suspension support lug seat 4.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 ~ 3 a graphite alkene radiation enhancement device for warmhouse booth, including box body and heat preservation lid 2, 2 movable mounting of heat preservation lid are at the top of box body, and box body and heat preservation are covered and are connected through setting up the articulated connecting piece 3 of box body one end is articulated between 2, and the outer wall both sides of box body are provided with and hang support ear seat 4, hang support ear seat 4 and are used for installing the top at warmhouse booth with the box body.
In this embodiment, specifically, when the thermal cover 2 is opened, the photothermal absorption plate 15 receives solar radiation, and when the thermal cover 2 is closed, the photothermal absorption plate 15 is thermally insulated and kept in a thermal state.
In this embodiment, specifically, the heat preservation lid 2 includes that the heat preservation covers casing and heat preservation filling layer, and the heat preservation filling layer fills the inner chamber that covers the casing entirely, and rubber insulation material is chooseed for use to the heat preservation filling layer, and rubber and plastic insulation material belongs to elasticity obturator expanded material, has that coefficient of thermal conductivity is low, fire prevention is fire-retardant, dampproofing hinders wet, the construction is simple and convenient, and the product does not contain the fibre dust, can not breed harmful substance such as mould, belongs to a high-quality new generation thermal-insulated insulation material, and the heat preservation covers the casing and adopts polyvinyl chloride plastics to make.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4-6, install heat radiation subassembly 1 in the box body, heat radiation subassembly 1 includes light and heat absorption board 15, heat transfer ribbed slab 12, heat-retaining dielectric layer 13 and graphite alkene infrared radiation board 11, light and heat absorption board 15 is located between heat preservation lid 2 and the graphite alkene infrared radiation board 11, evenly be provided with a plurality of heat transfer ribbed slabs 12 on the light and heat absorption board 15, the both sides of every heat transfer ribbed slab 12 are filled with heat-retaining dielectric layer 13, heat-retaining dielectric layer 13 is kept away from the one end of light and heat absorption board 15 and is connected with graphite alkene infrared radiation board 11, graphite alkene infrared radiation board 11 is connected with the power, and graphite alkene infrared radiation board 11 is used for radiating heat energy to warmhouse booth.
In the technical field of plant growth, light is an important ecological factor of plants, the growth and development of the plants are influenced, solar radiation is composed of light waves with different wavelengths, and the distribution of solar radiation energy along with the wavelengths is called solar spectrum. Solar radiation reaching the ground consists of three components, ultraviolet, visible and infrared. The absorption rate of infrared rays and chlorophyll is low, but when an infrared radiation source irradiates on a plant body, the temperature of the plant body can be raised, the temperature condition infrared rays for growth and development of the plant body can be ensured, the germination of seeds or spores and the elongation of stems can be promoted, the cell extension is stimulated, the flowering and the seed germination are influenced, the reproductive development of the plant can be promoted, and the formation and fruit setting of flower buds are promoted. The visible infrared ray has direct influence on the growth of plants, and in order to improve the growth quality of the plants, the infrared ray can be artificially produced to regulate and intervene the growth of the plants.
Graphene is composed of a layer of carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal repeating pattern. The graphene film is a two-dimensional material with surprising characteristics, can generate 5-15 mu m far infrared rays when being heated by electrifying, has high heat conductivity, good electric conductivity and high light transmittance, is usually used on a graphene solar power generation device, and is beneficial to improving the light energy utilization rate.
Graphene can absorb and radiate up to 40% of far infrared rays. The absorption mechanism of far infrared ray of human body is that the resonance wave is mostly 3-15 micrometers, and the wavelength and amplitude of far infrared ray are the same, so that the resonance is caused. The graphene-based solar cell can emit 8-15 micron far-infrared waves by heating, has the functions of activating biomolecules such as nucleic acid proteins of cells of a body and the like, and can be used for promoting plant growth.
The far infrared that releases when graphite alkene is heated can be to in the warmhouse booth with the form radiation heat energy of far infrared, can also promote the growth of plant when increasing the temperature in the warmhouse.
However, since the infrared radiation temperature of the graphene infrared radiation plate has a correlation with the ambient temperature of the graphene infrared radiation plate, when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the thermal radiation temperature of the graphene infrared radiation plate is significantly reduced, and along with the reduction of the ambient temperature, the thermal radiation temperature of the graphene infrared radiation plate is reduced in a decreasing trend, and the reduction of the thermal radiation intensity of the graphene infrared radiation plate is very significant.
In this embodiment, the spaces on both sides of the heat transfer rib 12 are filled with the heat storage medium layers 13, the heat storage medium layers 13 can store the heat energy absorbed by the photothermal absorption plate 15 in the daytime, and the heat transfer rib plate 12 can increase the heat transfer area between the photothermal absorption plate 15 and the heat storage medium layers 13; at night, sunshine disappears the back, through covering heat preservation lid 2, can reduce the loss of the heat energy of storing in the heat-retaining dielectric layer 13 to a very big extent, at this moment, the heat energy of storing in the heat-retaining dielectric layer 13 acts as the heat source, continue to provide heat energy for graphite alkene infrared radiation board 11, make graphite alkene infrared radiation board 11 can last through inside graphite alkene coating 113 with heat energy with far infrared's radiation to warmhouse booth inside, thereby improve the temperature in the warmhouse booth, thereby reach the effect of supplementary intensification.
The application overcomes the heat radiation intensity decline of graphene infrared radiation board under the low temperature environment, through rising graphene infrared radiation board local environment temperature to the heat radiation intensity of graphene infrared radiation board not decay purpose has been reached.
Example two:
the present embodiment provides an alternative to the specific structure of the heat radiation member 1 on the basis of the first embodiment.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the graphene infrared radiation plate 11 further includes a rigid substrate 111, an insulating base film 112, an insulating interlayer 114, and a rigid clamping plate 115, the graphene coating 113 is disposed between the rigid substrate 111 and the rigid clamping plate 115, and both sides of the graphene coating 113 near the rigid substrate 111 and the rigid clamping plate 115 are covered with the insulating base film 112 and the insulating interlayer 114, respectively.
In this embodiment, specifically, the graphene coating 113 is sandwiched by the insulating base film 112 and the insulating interlayer film 114 in a sealed film to form an insulating combined film, and at the same time, the combined film is sandwiched between the rigid substrate 111 and the rigid interlayer 115, so that the rigidity and strength of the graphene coating 113 are increased.
In the present embodiment, specifically, the rigid substrate 111 and the rigid clamping plate 114 are epoxy resin fiberglass plates; the insulating base film 112 and the insulating interlayer film 114 are polyimide films or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films.
In this embodiment, the photothermal absorption plate 15 is specifically an aluminum plate, the metal aluminum plate has good heat conductivity, solar radiation heat is absorbed and then is rapidly conducted to the heat storage medium layer 13, and the heat storage medium layer 13 is made of paraffin or stearic acid.
In this embodiment, preferably, the heat storage medium layer 13 is made of paraffin, which belongs to a good heat storage material, and has a specific heat capacity of 2.14 to 2.9J · g · deg.c and a latent heat of fusion of 200 to 220J · g. The paraffin wax has low vapor pressure, is not easy to generate chemical reaction when being melted, has good chemical stability, has small change of phase change temperature and phase change latent heat after absorbing and releasing heat for many times, and has no phase separation and corrosivity. Paraffin as a bulk chemical raw material has rich sources, various varieties and low price. The paraffin wax has the disadvantages of low thermal conductivity, only 0.150W/(m.K) and slow heat transfer. The heat transfer fins 1-22b are arranged in an array and immersed in paraffin, the heat conductivity coefficient of aluminum is 238W/(m.K) which is 1586 times that of the paraffin, the heat transfer area of the heat transfer fins 12 is large, and the paraffin is filled in the heat transfer fins 1-22b to form a uniform heat conduction network, so that the problem of low heat conductivity coefficient of the paraffin is solved.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the side of the photothermal absorption plate 15 remote from the graphene infrared radiation plate 11 is covered with a carbon-coated layer 151.
In the embodiment, the carbon-coated layer 14 includes 90 to 93 parts by weight of a binder and 7 to 10 parts by weight of a carbon material.
In this embodiment, it is preferable that the binder is 93 parts by weight and the carbon material is 7 parts by weight.
In this embodiment, specifically, the adhesive is acrylic resin emulsion or polyurethane paint, and the carbon material is one or a combination of two or more of graphite powder, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
In this embodiment, the adhesive is preferably an acrylic resin emulsion. The acrylic resin emulsion is high molecular weight and low viscosity emulsion liquid resin which takes acrylic ester (mainly methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate) as a main raw material. The copolymer is a multipolymer generally, the solid content is 20 to 50 percent, and the multipolymer can be divided into the following molecular chain structures: a linear copolymer emulsion; copolymer emulsion containing functional group (hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, etc.); self-crosslinking or externally crosslinking copolymer emulsions. The film has the characteristics of brightness, flexibility, strong cohesiveness, water resistance, weather resistance and the like, and the performance of the copolymer and the hardness (softness, medium hardness and hardness) of the film can be adjusted through the selection and the proportion change of the monomers so as to meet the requirements of different purposes. Is prepared from internal vinyl acetate, comonomer (another propenoic acid phenol or other monomer containing double bond), emulsifier and trigger through emulsion copolymerization. The product has wide application, can be used for fabrics, and can be used as sizing agent, adhesive, thickening agent and the like; can be used for leather as finishing agent, adhesive, brightening agent, tanning agent, filler, etc.; also as paper and wood treating agents, building coatings, latex paints, resin mortars, and the like.
In this embodiment, preferably, the carbon material is graphene.
In this embodiment, the heat transfer rib plate 12 is a Z-shaped plate, one end of the Z-shaped plate is connected with the photo-thermal absorption plate 15, and the other end of the Z-shaped plate is close to the graphene infrared radiation plate 11, and by arranging the heat transfer rib plate 12 into the Z-shaped plate, the contact area between the heat transfer rib plate 12 and the heat storage medium layer 13 can be effectively increased, and the heat energy storage speed of the heat storage medium layer 13 can be increased in the daytime when sunlight irradiates; at night, when the heat storage medium layer 13 is used as a heat source, the larger the contact area is, the larger the sufficient heat energy can be ensured to be transferred to the graphene infrared radiation plate 11, so that the graphene coating 113 is heated to generate far infrared rays and radiate heat energy.
Example three:
the present embodiment provides a further alternative to the specific structure of the heat radiation member 1 on the basis of any of the above-described embodiments.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 and 8, both ends of the photothermal absorption plate 15 and the graphene infrared radiation plate 11 are clamped to the clamping member 14.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the top of joint spare 14 is provided with first joint groove 141, and second joint groove 142 has been seted up to the bottom, and the both ends joint of light and heat absorption plate 15 is in first joint groove 141, and the both ends joint of graphite alkene infrared radiation board 11 is in second joint groove 142, through setting up joint spare 14, can be so that the mounting structure of light and heat absorption plate 15 and graphite alkene infrared radiation board 11 is more firm.
Example four:
the present embodiment provides a further alternative to the specific structure of the heat transfer ribs 12 on the basis of any of the embodiments described above.
In this embodiment, the heat transfer ribs 12 are S-shaped, and the contact area between the S-shaped heat transfer ribs 12 and the heat storage medium in the heat storage medium layer 13 is larger, so that the heat transfer efficiency of the heat transfer ribs 12 can be increased.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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