CN113854419B - Feed for rapidly breeding earthworms and culture method - Google Patents
Feed for rapidly breeding earthworms and culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113854419B CN113854419B CN202111271623.9A CN202111271623A CN113854419B CN 113854419 B CN113854419 B CN 113854419B CN 202111271623 A CN202111271623 A CN 202111271623A CN 113854419 B CN113854419 B CN 113854419B
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- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000013527 bean curd Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000008620 Fagopyrum esculentum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000009419 Fagopyrum esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000243684 Lumbricus Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
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- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010011619 6-Phytase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002934 diuretic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001882 diuretic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of earthworm biological organic fertility, and particularly relates to a feed for rapidly breeding earthworms and a culture method. The feed comprises the following raw materials: the bean curd residue and the additives comprise cow dung, raw materials, EMA bacteria, rotten peel and waste vegetable leaves, wherein the raw materials comprise corn stalks, tea meal, sawdust, buckwheat husks, corn bran and a composite microbial inoculum; the culture method comprises the following steps: selecting banana field, forming furrows in a whole way between two rows of banana trees, paving a layer of mulching film on the furrows, paving feed in the furrows to form a pile body, covering the furrows with the mulching film, putting earthworm seeds on the pile body after lifting the mulching film, keeping the humidity of the pile body to be 60% -70% in the egg laying period, keeping the humidity of the pile body to be 75% -85% in the hatching period, keeping the humidity of the pile body to be 60% -85% in the growing period, and harvesting earthworms and faeces after the weight of the earthworms reaches 0.8-1.2 g/strip. According to the invention, the materials are mixed to form the pile body, and the humidity of the pile body is controlled, so that earthworms can quickly reproduce and produce the effect of excrement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of earthworm biological organic fertility, and particularly relates to a feed for rapidly breeding earthworms and a culture method.
Background
Earthworms are a common terrestrial link animal which lives in soil and is eaten by livestock and poultry manure and organic waste garbage at night, and are swallowed together with soil, and also ingest fragments such as stems and leaves of plants. The earthworm feces produced by earthworms in the normal metabolism process contains a large amount of microbial communities and complex organic chemical components and has a special physical structure, so that the earthworms have very important effects in improving various physicochemical structures of soil, improving soil fertility and the like, and can loosen the soil, improve the fertility and promote agricultural yield increase. At present, the importance of earthworms in pharmaceutical, agricultural, forestry, and pastoral production and the special effect on environmental protection are increasingly recognized.
The earthworm has wide application, rich nutritive value, protein content up to 70%, and various amino acids essential to human body, and lysine content 3.9 times of beef and 4.6 times of pork, and is rich in vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin E, various minerals and saccharides, and can be used as high-protein food for people and high-quality feed for livestock and poultry. The earthworm has wide medical application, is commonly used as antipyretic, tonic and diuretic, and can separate active polypeptide with disease resistance and growth promoting function and high activity phytase from earthworm. In addition, earthworms are most widely used for treating various organic wastes and wastes, and producing high-quality organic fertilizers while improving the environment. The efficiency of the earthworms for treating the organic waste is very high, and 1 hundred million earthworms can swallow 40 tons of organic waste a day, and more people at home and abroad recognize the advantage of utilizing the earthworms for treating the organic waste and the waste. Therefore, earthworms have great benefits for human beings and have wide application range, and many countries in China and the world are greatly developing the utilization and cultivation of earthworms.
With the increasing demands of people on earthworms, the earthworms are required to be bred faster and better in the actual breeding and application process, and a method for rapidly breeding the earthworms is urgently needed in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a feed for rapidly breeding earthworms and a culture method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the feed for rapidly breeding the earthworms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10% -30% of bean curd residue and 70% -90% of additives, wherein the bean curd residue and the additives are crushed manually or mechanically and added with water to prepare ingredients, the water content added in the ingredients is 70% -80%, and the diameter of the ingredients is 1-3 mm.
According to the further technical scheme, the additive comprises, by weight, 80-100 parts of cow dung, 50-70 parts of raw materials and 30-50 parts of EMA bacteria, and a second auxiliary material comprising 40-60 parts of rotten pericarps and 50-80 parts of waste vegetable leaves, wherein cow dung fermentation is carried out before the second auxiliary material and bean curd residues are stirred, and the second auxiliary material and the bean curd residues are crushed before the second auxiliary material and the bean curd residues are stirred.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the raw material comprises, by weight, 60-80 parts of corn stalks, 10-30 parts of tea meal, 100-300 parts of sawdust, 10-30 parts of buckwheat husks, 10-40 parts of corn bran and 0.1-0.3 part of a composite microbial inoculum.
The invention also provides a culture method of the feed for rapidly breeding earthworms, which comprises the following steps:
s1, site selection and soil preparation
Selecting banana fields, forming furrows between two rows of banana trees in an integral way, and paving a layer of mulching film on the furrows;
s2, feeding and throwing
Spreading the ingredients in the ditch to form a pile body with the width of 1.0-1.2m and the height of 60-70cm, covering the top of the pile body with a mulching film for one week in summer, and covering the whole pile body with the mulching film in winter; after the mulching film is lifted, 0.5-0.8Kg/m of the mulching film is put on the pile body 2 The weight of the earthworm is 0.3-0.4 g/strip, and the earthworm is opened/covered during growthThe mode of covering the mulching film ensures that the temperature in the pile body is kept at normal temperature;
s3, management method
A. Egg laying period: the earthworm seeds grow for 14 to 18 days and then enter an egg laying period, and the humidity of the piled body is kept to be 60 to 70 percent in the egg laying period for 20 to 30 days;
B. incubation period: after the egg laying period is finished, earthworms enter a hatching period, and the humidity of a pile body is kept to be 75-85% in the hatching period for 20-30 days;
C. growing period: sampling and measuring the weight of young earthworm, if the weight of young earthworm is less than 0.1 g/strip, keeping the humidity of the pile body to be 75% -85%; if the weight of the young earthworm is more than 0.1 g/strip, keeping the humidity of the pile body at 60% -70%;
s4, harvesting
Sampling and measuring that the weight of the earthworms reaches 0.8-1.2 g/strip after the growth period of the young earthworms is 20-30 days, and collecting the earthworms and the feces after the earthworms form mature earthworms.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, humidity in the pile body is measured in real time by utilizing a humidity sensor, and the humidity is changed by adopting a sprinkler.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the sprinkler comprises a support frame, a water tank and a spray head, wherein universal wheels are oppositely arranged on two sides of the bottom of the support frame, a first handle is fixedly arranged on one side of the top end of the support frame, and a rotating shaft is connected in a rotating manner to the support frame; the top of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with a supporting plate; a second handle is fixedly arranged at one end of the top of the supporting plate, a water pump is fixedly arranged at the other end of the top of the supporting plate, a connecting plate is fixedly arranged on the supporting plate, a water tank is fixedly arranged in the middle of the top end of the supporting plate, a connecting pipe is fixedly arranged in the water tank, and the water tank is connected with the water pump through the connecting pipe; an inner side cylinder is connected in the water tank through threads; the top end of the inner side cylinder is connected with a top cover through threads, and a filter cylinder is embedded in the inner side cylinder; the bottom end of the filter cylinder is provided with a bottom supporting disc, the top end of the bottom supporting disc is fixedly provided with a first filter screen, the top end of the first filter screen is fixedly provided with a second filter screen, the top end of the second filter screen is fixedly provided with a third filter screen, the top end of the third filter screen is fixedly provided with a fourth filter screen, and the top end of the fourth filter screen is fixedly provided with a fifth filter screen; a power supply is fixedly arranged on the supporting plate and is electrically connected with a controller, and the controller is electrically connected with the water pump; the movable plate is rotationally connected to the support plate, one end of the movable plate is fixedly provided with clamping plates, clamping bolts are embedded into the clamping plates, the connecting plates are embedded between the two clamping plates, the clamping bolts penetrate through the connecting plates and the clamping plates, and the clamping bolts are connected with the clamping plates through threads; a fixed cylinder is fixedly arranged on the rotating plate, and a spray head is fixedly arranged in the fixed cylinder; the bottom of shower nozzle is provided with the nozzle, and the one end embedding of shower nozzle is connected with the outlet pipe, and the shower nozzle passes through the outlet pipe with the water pump and links to each other.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the supporting plate can rotate on the supporting frame through the support of the rotating shaft.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the first filter screen arranged in the water tank has smaller filtered pores than the second filter screen, the second filter screen has smaller filtered pores than the third filter screen, the third filter screen has smaller filtered pores than the fourth filter screen, and the fourth filter screen has smaller filtered pores than the fifth filter screen.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the nozzles arranged on one side of the rear surface of the spray head are arranged in an arc shape.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the process of cultivating earthworms for breeding, the earthworms are bred by using the model with the ingredients as a pile body, so that the total excrement and total weight produced by the earthworms after cultivation can be effectively and quickly calculated, and the humidity in the pile body is easier to control and is an important factor for determining the earthworms for breeding.
The invention mainly utilizes bean curd residue and cow dung and combines some raw materials to prepare earthworm feed through scientific blending, the bean curd residue contains rich nutrient substances, the crude protein content of the bean curd residue can reach 25% -30%, the calcium content in the bean curd residue is also much, the bean curd residue is easy to digest and absorb, cow dung fibers are much, the earthworm feed is combined with developed digestive system and strong digestion capability, earthworms with heavy weight and high yield are obtained by breeding earthworms, a large amount of wormcast is also obtained, the wormcast is rich in nutrition, the wormcast can be fertilized by plants, the wormcast can also be used as raw materials of other fertilizers, and the wormcast can be sold to fertilizer factories, so that considerable economic benefits are brought.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sprinkler;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view at A;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spray head;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the water tank;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a filter cartridge.
The main reference numerals in the drawings are: 1. a support frame; 2. a rotating shaft; 3. a universal wheel; 4. a first handle; 5. a support plate; 6. a second handle; 7. an inner rubber ball; 8. a power supply; 9. a controller; 10. a water tank; 11. a water pump; 12. a movable plate; 13. a fixed cylinder; 14. a spray head; 15. a connecting plate; 16. a clamping plate; 17. clamping a bolt; 18. a water outlet pipe; 19. a nozzle; 20. a connecting pipe; 21. an inner cylinder; 22. a top cover; 23. a filter cartridge; 24. a bottom support plate; 25. a first filter screen; 26. a second filter screen; 27. a third filter screen; 28. a fourth filter screen; 29. and fifthly, filtering the mixture.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The feed for rapidly breeding the earthworms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10% of bean curd residue and 70% of additive, wherein the bean curd residue and the additive are crushed manually or mechanically and added with water to prepare a mixture, the water content in the mixture is 70%, and the diameter of the mixture is 2mm.
The additive comprises a first auxiliary material and a second auxiliary material, wherein the first auxiliary material comprises 80 parts of cow dung, 50 parts of raw materials and 30 parts of EMA bacteria, the second auxiliary material comprises 40 parts of rotten pericarp and 50 parts of waste vegetable leaves, the second auxiliary material and the bean curd residue are subjected to cow dung fermentation before being stirred, and the second auxiliary material and the bean curd residue are crushed before being stirred.
The raw material comprises, by weight, 60 parts of corn stalks, 10 parts of tea meal, 100 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of buckwheat husks, 10 parts of corn bran and 0.1 part of a composite microbial inoculum.
In combination with the above, a method for culturing a feed for rapidly breeding earthworms comprises the following steps:
s1, site selection and soil preparation
Selecting banana fields, forming furrows between two rows of banana trees in an integral way, and paving a layer of mulching film on the furrows;
s2, feeding and throwing
Spreading the ingredients in the ditch to form a pile body with the width of 1.2m and the height of 70cm, covering the top of the pile body with a mulching film for one week in summer and covering the whole pile body with the mulching film in winter; after the mulch film is lifted, 0.7Kg/m of mulch film is put on the pile body 2 The weight of the earthworm seed is 0.4 g/strip, and the temperature in the reactor body is kept at the normal temperature, and the normal temperature is 22-26 ℃ by opening/covering the mulching film in the growth process of the earthworm seed.
S3, management method
A. Egg laying period: the earthworm seeds grow for 14-18 days and then enter an egg laying period, and the humidity of the piled body is kept to be 60% in the egg laying period for 20-30 days;
B. incubation period: after the egg laying period is finished, earthworms enter a hatching period, and the humidity of a pile body is kept to be 75% in the hatching period for 20-30 days;
C. growing period: sampling and measuring the weight of young earthworm, if the weight of young earthworm is less than 0.1 g/strip, keeping the humidity of the pile body at 75%; if the weight of the young earthworm is more than 0.1 g/strip, keeping the humidity of the pile body to be 60%;
s4, harvesting
Sampling and measuring that the weight of the earthworms reaches 0.8-1.2 g/strip after the growth period of the young earthworms is 20-30 days, and collecting the earthworms and the feces after the earthworms form mature earthworms.
According to the scheme, the humidity sensor is used for measuring the humidity in the pile body in real time, and the mode of changing the humidity is to adopt a sprinkler.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the sprinkler comprises a support frame 1, a water tank 10 and a spray head 14, universal wheels 3 are oppositely arranged on two sides of the bottom of the support frame 1, a first handle 4 is fixedly arranged on one side of the top end of the support frame 1, and a rotating shaft 2 is rotatably connected with the support frame 1; the top of the rotating shaft 2 is rotatably connected with a supporting plate 5; a second handle 6 is fixedly arranged at one end of the top of the supporting plate 5, a water pump 11 is fixedly arranged at the other end of the top of the supporting plate 5, a connecting plate 15 is fixedly arranged on the supporting plate 5, a water tank 10 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the top end of the supporting plate 5, a connecting pipe 20 is fixedly arranged in the water tank 10, and the water tank 10 is connected with the water pump 11 through the connecting pipe 20; an inner cylinder 21 is connected in the water tank 10 through threads; the top end of the inner cylinder 21 is connected with a top cover 22 through threads, and a filter cylinder 23 is embedded in the inner cylinder 21; the bottom end of the filter cylinder 23 is provided with a bottom supporting disk 24, a first filter screen 25 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the bottom supporting disk 24, a second filter screen 26 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the first filter screen 25, a third filter screen 27 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the second filter screen 26, a fourth filter screen 28 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the third filter screen 27, and a fifth filter screen 29 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the fourth filter screen 28; a power supply 8 is fixedly arranged on the supporting plate 5, the power supply 8 is electrically connected with a controller 9, and the controller 9 is electrically connected with a water pump 11; the movable plate 12 is rotatably connected to the support plate 5, one end of the movable plate 12 is fixedly provided with the clamping plates 16, the clamping bolts 17 are embedded into the clamping plates 16, the connecting plate 15 is embedded between the two clamping plates 16, the clamping bolts 17 penetrate through the connecting plate 15 and the clamping plates 16, and the clamping bolts 17 are connected with the clamping plates 16 through threads; a fixed cylinder 13 is fixedly arranged on the rotating plate 12, and a spray head 14 is fixedly arranged in the fixed cylinder 13; the bottom of the spray head 14 is provided with a spray nozzle 19, one end of the spray head 14 is connected with a water outlet pipe 18 in an embedded mode, and the spray head 14 is connected with the water pump 11 through the water outlet pipe 18.
Specifically, the support plate 5 can rotate on the support frame 1 through the support of the rotating shaft 2. The first filter 25 disposed in the water tank 10 has smaller pores than the second filter 26, the second filter 26 has smaller pores than the third filter 27, the third filter 27 has smaller pores than the fourth filter 28, and the fourth filter 28 has smaller pores than the fifth filter 29. The nozzles 19 arranged on one side of the rear of the spray head 14 are arranged in an arc shape.
The working principle of the sprinkler: when the device is used, the water pump 11 is controlled and started by the controller 9, the water pump 11 extracts water in the water tank 10 through the connecting pipe 20 and filtered by the filter cartridge 23, the extracted water is extracted into the spray head 14 through the water outlet pipe 18, the extracted water is sprayed out of the spray nozzle 19, the clamping bolt 17 is rotated anticlockwise and unscrewed, the spray head 14 can rotate by one hundred eighty degrees in the horizontal direction on the rear side by taking the clamping bolt 17 as an axis, the spray head 14 can be fixed by rotating clockwise and screwing the clamping bolt 17, the support plate 5 can rotate by one hundred eighty degrees in the horizontal direction by taking the rotating shaft 2 connected with the support frame 1 as the center, so that the direction of spraying water by the spray head 14 can be adjusted and rotated more, the spray nozzle 19 arranged on the spray head 14 is an arc-shaped surface, the sprayed water drops due to gravity, and the spraying water density and coverage area of the tail of the spray nozzle 19 are increased.
Wherein the detailed data of the statistical part in example 1 are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
The feed for rapidly breeding the earthworms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20% of bean curd residue and 80% of additive, wherein the bean curd residue and the additive are crushed manually or mechanically and added with water to prepare a mixture, the water content in the mixture is 75%, and the diameter of the mixture is 2mm.
The additive comprises a first auxiliary material and a second auxiliary material, wherein the first auxiliary material comprises 90 parts of cow dung, 60 parts of raw materials and 40 parts of EMA bacteria, the second auxiliary material comprises 50 parts of rotten pericarp and 70 parts of waste vegetable leaves, the second auxiliary material and the bean curd residue are subjected to cow dung fermentation before being stirred, and the second auxiliary material and the bean curd residue are crushed before being stirred.
Wherein the raw material comprises, by weight, 70 parts of corn stalks, 20 parts of tea meal, 200 parts of sawdust, 20 parts of buckwheat husks, 30 parts of corn bran and 0.2 part of a composite microbial inoculum.
In the method of culturing earthworms rapidly, the steps in example 2 were the same as those in example 1, except that the humidity of the heap was kept at 65% during the egg laying period, 80% during the hatching period, 65% during the growth period, and the detailed data are shown in Table 2.
Example 3
The feed for rapidly breeding the earthworms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30% of bean curd residue and 90% of additive, wherein the bean curd residue and the additive are crushed manually or mechanically and added with water to prepare a mixture, the water content in the mixture is 80%, and the diameter of the mixture is 2mm.
The additive comprises a first auxiliary material and a second auxiliary material, wherein the first auxiliary material comprises 100 parts of cow dung, 70 parts of raw materials and 50 parts of EMA bacteria, the second auxiliary material comprises 60 parts of rotten pericarps and 80 parts of waste vegetable leaves, the second auxiliary material and the bean curd residues are subjected to cow dung fermentation before being stirred, and the second auxiliary material and the bean curd residues are crushed before being stirred.
The raw material comprises, by weight, 80 parts of corn stalks, 30 parts of tea meal, 300 parts of sawdust, 30 parts of buckwheat husks, 40 parts of corn bran and 0.3 part of a composite microbial inoculum.
In the method of culturing earthworms rapidly, the steps in example 3 were the same as those in example 1, except that the humidity of the heap was kept at 70% during the egg laying period, 85% during the hatching period, and 70% during the growth period, and the detailed data are shown in Table 3.
Comparative example 1The procedure of example 1 was followed except that the humidity of the stack was kept at 55% during the egg laying period, at 70% during the hatching period, and at 55% during the growth period, and the detailed data are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example 2The steps in (a) are the same as in example 1, but the humidity of the stack is kept at 75% during the egg laying period, the humidity of the stack is kept at 90% during the hatching period, and the egg is producedThe humidity of the stack was kept at 75% for the long period, and the detailed data are shown in Table 5.
In examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2, each example was at 100m 2 70Kg of earthworm seeds are put in the reactor, the average weight of the earthworm seeds is 0.4 g/strip, and the total weight of the earthworm seeds is about 17.5 ten thousand strips.
Egg yield = number of earthworms laying eggs/total number of earthworms;
hatchability = young earthworm number/total egg number;
total body weight T = total lumbricus species number t1+ total mature lumbricus number T2.
The laying rate and the hatching rate are calculated by sampling, namely, a shovel is dug out in the pile body for counting, and the sampling is calculated for one time.
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Humidity in pile body in egg laying period | Humidity in the stack during hatching | Humidity in stack in growing period and young earthworm>0.1 g/strip |
| Percentage of humidity | 60% | 75% | 60% |
| Laying rate of eggs | 86.4% | / | / |
| Hatchability rate | / | 87.1% | / |
| Total feces Kg | / | / | 68.7 |
| Total weight Kg | / | / | 262.4 |
TABLE 2
| Example 2 | Humidity in pile body in egg laying period | Humidity in the stack during hatching | Humidity in stack in growing period and young earthworm>0.1 g/strip |
| Percentage of humidity | 65% | 80% | 65% |
| Laying rate of eggs | 92.1% | / | / |
| Hatchability rate | / | 91.3% | / |
| Total feces Kg | / | / | 72.8 |
| Total weight Kg | / | / | 266.2 |
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Example 3 | Humidity in pile body in egg laying period | Humidity in the stack during hatching | Humidity in stack in growing period and young earthworm>0.1 g/strip |
| Percentage of humidity | 70% | 85% | 70% |
| Laying rate of eggs | 87.6% | / | / |
| Hatchability rate | / | 89.2% | / |
| Total feces Kg | / | / | 67.2 |
| Total weight Kg | / | / | 264.3 |
TABLE 4 Table 4
| Comparative example 1 | Humidity in pile body in egg laying period | Humidity in the stack during hatching | Humidity in stack in growing period and young earthworm>0.1 g/strip |
| Percentage of humidity | 55% | 70% | 55% |
| Laying rate of eggs | 71.2% | / | / |
| Hatchability rate | / | 73.4% | / |
| Total feces Kg | / | / | 52.7 |
| Total weight Kg | / | / | 213.5 |
TABLE 5
| Comparative example 2 | Humidity in pile body in egg laying period | Humidity in the stack during hatching | Humidity in stack in growing period and young earthworm>0.1 g/strip |
| Percentage of humidity | 75% | 90% | 75% |
| Laying rate of eggs | 69.3% | / | / |
| Hatchability rate | / | 71.8% | / |
| Total feces Kg | / | / | 51.4 |
| Total weight Kg | / | / | 207.6 |
It can be seen from tables 1 to 5 that in example 1, the laying rate, the hatching rate, the produced faeces and the total weight of the earthworms were all superior to those of example 2, example 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2, and therefore it can be seen that in the breeding of the earthworms, the growing environment (humidity in the heap) of the earthworms during the laying period, the hatching period and the growing period of the earthworms was important, and finally the total faeces weight produced and the total weight (harvest) of the earthworms were involved.
The foregoing description is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should be construed to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The culture method for rapidly propagating earthworms is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, site selection and soil preparation
Selecting banana fields, forming furrows between two rows of banana trees in an integral way, and paving a layer of mulching film on the furrows;
s2, feeding and throwing
Spreading the fodder in the ditch to form a stack body with width of 1.0-1.2m and height of 60-70cm, covering the top of the stack body with mulching film for one week in summer, and covering the stack body with mulching film in winter; after the mulching film is lifted, 0.5-0.8Kg/m of the mulching film is put on the pile body 2 The weight of the earthworm seeds is 0.3-0.4 g/strip, and the temperature in the reactor body is kept at normal temperature by opening/covering a mulching film in the growth process of the earthworm seeds;
the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10% -30% of bean curd residue and 70% -90% of additives, wherein the bean curd residue and the additives are crushed manually or mechanically and added with water to prepare feed, the water content added in the feed is 70% -80%, and the diameter of the feed is 1-3 mm;
the additive comprises, by weight, 80-100 parts of cow dung, 50-70 parts of raw materials and 30-50 parts of EMA bacteria, and a second auxiliary material comprising 40-60 parts of rotten pericarps and 50-80 parts of waste vegetable leaves, wherein the first auxiliary material is fermented with cow dung before being stirred with bean curd residues, and the second auxiliary material is crushed before being stirred with the bean curd residues;
the raw material takes parts by weight as a unit and comprises 60-80 parts of corn straw, 10-30 parts of tea meal, 100-300 parts of sawdust, 10-30 parts of buckwheat husk, 10-40 parts of corn bran and 0.1-0.3 part of compound bacteria agent;
s3, management method
A. Egg laying period: the earthworm seeds grow for 14 to 18 days and then enter an egg laying period, and the humidity of the piled body is kept to be 60 to 70 percent in the egg laying period for 20 to 30 days;
B. incubation period: after the egg laying period is finished, earthworms enter a hatching period, and the humidity of a pile body is kept to be 75-85% in the hatching period for 20-30 days;
C. growing period: sampling and measuring the weight of young earthworm, if the weight of young earthworm is less than 0.1 g/strip, keeping the humidity of the pile body to be 75% -85%; if the weight of the young earthworm is more than 0.1 g/strip, keeping the humidity of the pile body at 60% -70%;
s4, harvesting
Sampling and measuring that the weight of the earthworms reaches 0.8-1.2 g/strip after the growth period of the young earthworms is 20-30 days, and collecting the earthworms and the feces after the earthworms form mature earthworms.
2. A method of growing earthworms rapidly according to claim 1 characterised in that the growing further comprises measuring the humidity in the heap in real time using a humidity sensor, the humidity being varied by means of a sprinkler.
3. The method for culturing the rapid propagation earthworms according to claim 2, characterized in that the sprinkler comprises a support frame (1), a water tank (10) and a spray nozzle (14), universal wheels (3) are oppositely arranged on two sides of the bottom of the support frame (1), a first handle (4) is fixedly arranged on one side of the top end of the support frame (1), and a rotating shaft (2) is rotationally connected with the support frame (1); the top of the rotating shaft (2) is rotatably connected with a supporting plate (5); a second handle (6) is fixedly arranged at one end of the top of the supporting plate (5), a water pump (11) is fixedly arranged at the other end of the top of the supporting plate (5), a connecting plate (15) is fixedly arranged on the supporting plate (5), a water tank (10) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the top end of the supporting plate (5), a connecting pipe (20) is fixedly arranged in the water tank (10), and the water tank (10) is connected with the water pump (11) through the connecting pipe (20); an inner side cylinder (21) is connected in the water tank (10) through threads; the top end of the inner side cylinder (21) is connected with a top cover (22) through threads, and a filter cylinder (23) is embedded in the inner side cylinder (21); the bottom end of the filter cylinder (23) is provided with a bottom supporting disc (24), the top end of the bottom supporting disc (24) is fixedly provided with a first filter screen (25), the top end of the first filter screen (25) is fixedly provided with a second filter screen (26), the top end of the second filter screen (26) is fixedly provided with a third filter screen (27), the top end of the third filter screen (27) is fixedly provided with a fourth filter screen (28), and the top end of the fourth filter screen (28) is fixedly provided with a fifth filter screen (29); a power supply (8) is fixedly arranged on the supporting plate (5), the power supply (8) is electrically connected with a controller (9), and the controller (9) is electrically connected with a water pump (11); the movable plate (12) is rotationally connected to the support plate (5), a clamping plate (16) is fixedly arranged at one end of the movable plate (12), a clamping bolt (17) is embedded in the clamping plate (16), the connecting plate (15) is embedded between the two clamping plates (16), the clamping bolt (17) penetrates through the connecting plate (15) and the clamping plates (16), and the clamping bolt (17) is connected with the clamping plates (16) through threads; a fixed cylinder (13) is fixedly arranged on the movable plate (12), and a spray head (14) is fixedly arranged in the fixed cylinder (13); the bottom of the spray head (14) is provided with a spray nozzle (19), one end of the spray head (14) is connected with a water outlet pipe (18) in an embedded mode, and the spray head (14) is connected with the water pump (11) through the water outlet pipe (18).
4. A method of growing earthworms according to claim 3 characterised in that the support plate (5) is rotatable on the support frame (1) by means of the support of the shaft (2).
5. A method of growing earthworms according to claim 3, characterised in that the first filter (25) provided in the tank (10) has smaller pores than the second filter (26), the second filter (26) has smaller pores than the third filter (27), the third filter (27) has smaller pores than the fourth filter (28), and the fourth filter (28) has smaller pores than the fifth filter (29).
6. A method for growing earthworms according to claim 3 characterised in that the nozzles (19) provided on the rear side of the spray head (14) are arranged in an arc.
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