CN113828835B - Processing method of multi-row chute on shaft part - Google Patents
Processing method of multi-row chute on shaft part Download PDFInfo
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- CN113828835B CN113828835B CN202110858617.7A CN202110858617A CN113828835B CN 113828835 B CN113828835 B CN 113828835B CN 202110858617 A CN202110858617 A CN 202110858617A CN 113828835 B CN113828835 B CN 113828835B
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
- B23C3/28—Grooving workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25H—WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT, e.g. FOR MARKING-OUT WORK; STORAGE MEANS FOR WORKSHOPS
- B25H7/00—Marking-out or setting-out work
- B25H7/04—Devices, e.g. scribers, for marking
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Abstract
A processing method of multi-row chute on shaft parts adopts a numerical control boring and milling machine with a rotary worktable, and ensures the depth dimension and the angle dimension of the chute by the auxiliary measurement of a measuring block; and the coordinate systems of the strip gauge blocks and the numerical control boring and milling machine are controlled to synchronously rotate, so that the rotation angle of the shaft part is corrected through the alignment plane of the strip gauge blocks, and the angle size between two adjacent rows of inclined slots along the circumferential direction of the shaft part is ensured. The invention can measure and correct various sizes of the multi-row chute on the shaft part by matching the tool such as the measuring block, the bar-shaped block and the like with the numerical control boring and milling machine, finally ensures the processing precision requirement of the multi-row chute on the shaft part, overcomes the defect that the traditional processing method is difficult to ensure the processing precision of the multi-row chute on the shaft part, has simple and reliable whole processing method, is easy to operate, does not need special tools, has no pollution, saves energy and protects environment, and is convenient to popularize and apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of chute processing, in particular to a processing method of a multi-row chute on a shaft part.
Background
Along with the development of science and technology and the adjustment of industrial structures, the application of shaft parts with multiple rows of inclined grooves is more and more widely realized, multiple key grooves are shafts with more than 3 key grooves in the same circumferential direction or the same axial direction of the shafts, inclined key grooves are key grooves with the bottom surfaces of the key grooves not parallel to the axial line, the rigidity of the shaft parts is poor, bending deformation is easy to generate during processing, the shaft parts with the multiple rows of inclined grooves develop towards the high precision direction, the key grooves develop from the previous axial single-row bus direction to double rows and then to multiple rows, the precision of the shaft parts with the multiple rows of inclined grooves also develops from the previous 7-8 stages to the current 5-6 stages, and the angular precision and the relative position precision of the inclined key grooves are required to be ensured. The traditional boring and milling machine can finish the processing of the inclined key grooves, but the mutual position precision, the angle precision of the inclined key grooves and the uniform distribution precision of three rows of inclined key grooves cannot be ensured, and the processing accuracy of a workpiece cannot be measured and verified; the numerical control boring and milling machine can ensure the position precision between two keys, but the requirement of the angle precision of the inclined key groove is difficult to meet, so that the processing precision of the multi-row inclined grooves on the shaft parts is difficult to ensure by the traditional processing method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a processing method of a multi-row chute on a shaft part, which aims to solve the problem that the multi-row chute on the shaft part is difficult to accurately process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a processing method of multi-row chute on shaft parts is used for processing multi-row chute on the outer circumference of the shaft parts, the multi-row chute is uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumference of the shaft parts, a plurality of chute in the same row are uniformly arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the shaft parts, the chute is formed by matching two sections of side walls and two sections of bottom surfaces, the side walls of the chute are parallel to the axial line of the shaft parts, the two sections of side walls of the chute are symmetrical about a plane containing the axial line of the shaft parts, the plane is a datum plane of the chute, the bottom surface of the chute is perpendicular to the datum plane, the two sections of bottom surfaces of the chute are respectively a main processing surface and a secondary processing surface which are mutually perpendicular, and the main processing surface and the axial line of the shaft parts have an included angle of x DEG + -y', and the processing method comprises the following steps:
step one, processing a measuring block
According to the size of the chute, a measuring block used for being placed in the chute is processed, the measuring block is provided with two sections of bottom binding surfaces and a section of measuring plane, the two sections of bottom binding surfaces are mutually perpendicular, the two sections of bottom binding surfaces can be respectively bonded with a main processing surface and a secondary processing surface, an included angle of x degrees is formed between the measuring plane and one section of bottom binding surface, therefore, after the measuring block is placed in the chute, the measuring plane is parallel to the axis of the shaft part, the outer circumference, which is positioned on one side far away from the opening of the chute and is intersected with the reference surface of the chute, of the shaft part is defined as a measuring reference line, and the theoretical perpendicular distance between the measuring plane and the measuring reference line is a millimeter and is larger than the diameter of the shaft part;
step two, clamping
Fixing a square box on a rotary workbench of a numerical control boring and milling machine, placing two V-shaped irons on the square box, respectively installing two groups of pressing plates capable of adjusting the height above the two V-shaped irons, paving copper sheets on the V-shaped grooves of the V-shaped irons, then placing shaft parts on the copper sheets of the two V-shaped grooves, ensuring that the axes of the shaft parts are positioned in the horizontal direction, pressing and clamping the shaft parts on the two V-shaped irons through the cooperation of the two groups of pressing plates, wherein the positions of the two groups of pressing plates pressed on the shaft parts correspond to the positions of the two V-shaped irons for supporting the shaft parts respectively, and the V-shaped irons and the pressing plates are positioned between two adjacent inclined grooves respectively;
step three, scribing
Rotating the rotary workbench until the axis of the shaft part is perpendicular to the main shaft of the numerical control boring and milling machine, installing a center on the main shaft, marking feed points of all the chute in the same row on the outer circumference of the shaft part through the center, wherein the feed points are intersection points of a reference surface of the chute and a main processing surface of the chute on the outer circumference of the shaft part;
step four, first chute processing
A rotary workbench rotates for x degrees, a milling cutter is arranged on a main shaft, the main shaft drives the milling cutter to start machining from a feed point of a chute at the end part of a shaft part, the feed direction is vertical to the main shaft, a main machining surface of the chute is machined through the bottom side of the milling cutter, a secondary machining surface and two sections of side walls of the chute are machined through the outer circumference of the milling cutter, rough machining and finish machining are sequentially carried out through multiple feeding, and the size of the chute is measured and corrected through a measuring block in the finish machining process until the measuring requirement of the chute is met, and the chute machining is completed;
the measurement requirement of the chute is that a measurement block is placed in the chute, n measurement points are selected on a measurement plane, all the measurement points are positioned on a reference plane of the chute, wherein two end measurement points are respectively close to two edges of the measurement plane along the axial direction of the shaft part, the distance between the end measurement points and the edge of the measurement plane on the side close to the end measurement points is 5-8 mm, the vertical distances between the n measurement points and the measurement reference line are respectively measured, and n actual vertical distances a are obtained 1 ～a n ， a 1 ～a n All of the values of (2) satisfyMillimeter, where d=c×cos (x°), c is taken from the length dimension tolerance +_of the secondary working face on the reference face of the chute>Millimeter, and a 1 ～a n The difference value between any two of the two is not more than g millimeters, g=h=sin (y'), and h is taken as the length dimension h millimeters of the bottom binding surface contacted with the main processing surface on the reference surface of the chute;
step five, processing the row of chute
Starting from the first chute processed from the end part of the shaft part, sequentially processing all the chutes in the same row along the axial direction of the shaft part, verifying that each chute meets the measurement requirement of the chute through a measurement block, then processing the next chute, and measuring and correcting the distance between two adjacent chutes through a digital display beating meter of a numerical control boring and milling machine;
step six, processing other chute
According to the interval angle of the multi-row chute along the circumferential direction of the shaft part, the shaft part is rotated successively, and other chute rows are processed respectively;
when the shaft parts are rotated after the same chute is machined, a rotary table is rotated until the axis of the shaft parts is perpendicular to the main shaft of the numerical control boring and milling machine, a magnetic gauge stand is adsorbed on the end face of the shaft parts, a strip-shaped gauge block is adsorbed on the magnetic gauge stand, one side wall of the strip-shaped gauge block is attached to the end face of the shaft parts, the positions of the magnetic gauge stand and the strip-shaped gauge block are digitally displayed and corrected through the numerical control boring and milling machine, the alignment plane of the strip-shaped gauge block is perpendicular to the main shaft of the numerical control boring and milling machine, a reference coordinate axis is selected in the coordinate system of the numerical control boring and milling machine, and the reference coordinate axis is parallel to the alignment plane of the strip-shaped gauge block;
and then rotating the shaft part, rotating the coordinate system of the numerical control boring and milling machine in the same direction and at the same angle, enabling the reference coordinate axis to be still parallel to the alignment plane of the rotated bar-shaped gauge block, measuring the runout error quantity of the alignment plane along the direction of the reference coordinate axis by using a numerical control boring and milling machine digital display meter, and correcting the rotation angle of the shaft part when the runout error of the alignment plane along the direction of the reference coordinate axis within the range of 100 mm exceeds 0.01 mm.
Preferably, the strip-shaped gauge block is of a rectangular flat plate structure, and the length of the strip-shaped gauge block is 100 mm.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the processing method of the multi-row chute on the shaft part provided by the invention is realized by controlling a on the measuring block 1 ～a n All of the values of (2) satisfyThe depth dimension of the chute can be ensured by millimeter, and the depth dimension of the chute can be ensured by controlling a 1 ～a n The difference value between any two of the two rows of the chute is not more than g mm, the angle size of x degrees between the chute and the axis of the shaft part can be ensured, the rotation angle of the shaft part can be corrected through the alignment plane of the strip-shaped gauge block by controlling the synchronous rotation of the strip-shaped gauge block and the coordinate system of the numerical control boring and milling machine, the angle size between the two adjacent rows of the chute along the circumferential direction of the shaft part can be ensured, therefore, the invention can be matched with the numerical control boring and milling machine through the tool such as the measuring gauge block, the strip-shaped gauge block and the like,the method can measure and correct various sizes of the multi-row chute on the shaft part, finally ensures the processing precision requirement of the multi-row chute on the shaft part, overcomes the defect that the traditional processing method is difficult to ensure the processing precision of the multi-row chute on the shaft part, has simple and reliable whole processing method, is easy to operate, does not need special tools, has no pollution, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and is convenient to popularize and apply.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a shaft part after clamping;
FIG. 2 is a view in the direction A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the left end of the shaft-like member of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a measurement block placed in a chute for measurement;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a shaft-like part with a magnetometer mount and a bar gauge mounted on an end face thereof;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the shaft member rotated from the view in the direction C of fig. 6.
The marks in the figure: 1. the device comprises a main shaft, 2, a milling cutter, 3, shaft parts, 4, a rotary workbench, 5, a square box, 6, V-shaped iron, 7, a pressing plate, 8, a chute, 9, a side wall, 10, a main processing surface, 11, a secondary processing surface, 12, a measuring block, 13, a measuring plane, 14, a magnetic meter seat, 15, a strip gauge block, 16 and a alignment plane.
Detailed Description
Referring to the drawings, the specific embodiments are as follows:
a processing method of multi-row chute on shaft part is used for processing multi-row chute 8 on the outer circumference of shaft part 3, the multi-row chute 8 are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumference of shaft part 3, a plurality of chute 8 in the same row are uniformly arranged at intervals along the axial direction of shaft part 3, chute 8 is formed by matching two sections of side walls 9 and two sections of bottom surfaces, side walls 9 of chute 8 are parallel to the axis of shaft part 3, two sections of side walls 9 of chute 8 are symmetrical about a plane containing the axis of shaft part 3, the plane is a datum plane of chute 8, the bottom surface of chute 8 is perpendicular to the datum plane, the two sections of bottom surfaces of chute 8 are respectively a main processing surface 10 and a secondary processing surface 11 which are perpendicular to each other, and the main processing surface 10 and the axis of shaft part 3 have an included angle of x DEG + -y'.
The processing method comprises the following steps:
step one, processing a measuring block
According to the size of chute 8 processing is used for putting into the measuring block 12 of chute 8, have two sections bottom binding surfaces and one section measurement plane 13 on the measuring block 12, two sections bottom binding surfaces mutually perpendicular makes two sections bottom binding surfaces can laminate with main processing face 10 and vice processing face 11 respectively, have x contained angle between measurement plane 13 and one of them section bottom binding surface, thereby make measurement plane 13 parallel with the axis of axle type part 3 after measuring block 12 is put into chute 8, the outer circumference that lies in the side that keeps away from the chute 8 opening and intersects with the reference plane of chute 8 on the definition axle type part 3 is the measurement datum line, the theoretical perpendicular distance between measurement plane 13 and the measurement datum line is a millimeter and is greater than the diameter of axle type part 3.
Step two, clamping
A square box 5 is fixed on a rotary workbench 4 of a numerical control boring and milling machine, two V-shaped irons 6 are placed on the square box 5, two groups of pressing plates 7 with adjustable heights are respectively installed above the two V-shaped irons 6, copper sheets are paved on the V-shaped grooves of the V-shaped irons 6, then the shaft part 3 is placed on the copper sheets of the two V-shaped grooves, the axis of the shaft part 3 is ensured to be positioned in the horizontal direction, the shaft part 3 is tightly clamped on the two V-shaped irons 6 through the cooperation of the two groups of pressing plates 7, the positions of the two groups of pressing plates 7 pressed on the shaft part 3 correspond to the positions of the two V-shaped irons 6 for supporting the shaft part 3, and the V-shaped irons 6 and the pressing plates 7 are respectively positioned between two adjacent inclined grooves 8.
Step three, scribing
The rotary table 4 is rotated until the axis of the shaft part 3 is perpendicular to the main shaft 1 of the numerical control boring and milling machine, a center is arranged on the main shaft 1, feed points of all the chute 8 in the same row are marked on the outer circumference of the shaft part 3 through the center, and the feed points are intersection points of a reference surface of the chute 8 and a main processing surface 10 of the chute 8 on the outer circumference of the shaft part 3.
Step four, first chute processing
The rotary workbench 4 is rotated by x degrees, the milling cutter 2 is installed on the main shaft 1, the main shaft 1 drives the milling cutter 2 to start machining from a feed point of one chute 8 positioned at the end part of the shaft part 3, the feed direction is vertical to the main shaft 1, a main machining surface 10 of the chute 8 is machined through the bottom side of the milling cutter 2, a secondary machining surface 11 and two sections of side walls 9 of the chute 8 are machined through the outer circumference of the milling cutter 2, rough machining and finish machining are sequentially carried out by feeding for a plurality of times, and the size of the chute 8 is measured and corrected through the measuring block 12 in the finish machining process until the measurement requirement of the chute 8 is met, and the chute 8 is machined.
The measurement requirement of the chute 8 is that a measuring block 12 is placed in the chute 8, n measuring points are selected on a measuring plane 13, all measuring points are positioned on a reference plane of the chute 8, wherein two end measuring points are respectively close to two edges of the measuring plane 13 along the axial direction of the shaft part 3, the distance between the end measuring points and the edge of the measuring plane 13 on the side close to the end measuring points is 5-8 mm, the vertical distances between the n measuring points and a measuring reference line are respectively measured, and n actual vertical distances a are obtained 1 ～a n ，a 1 ～a n The numerical requirements of (2) are as follows.
1、a 1 ～a n All of the values of (2) satisfyMillimeter, where d=c×cos (x°), c is taken from the length dimension tolerance +_ of the secondary working face 11 on the reference face of the chute 8>Millimeter. When this requirement is met, the depth dimension of the chute 8 can be ensured, and when the measurement result does not meet the requirement, finishing is continued.
2、a 1 ～a n No greater than g mm, g=h×sin (y'), h being taken from the length dimension h mm of the bottom abutment surface in contact with the main working surface 10 on the reference surface of the chute 8. When the requirement is met, the size of the included angle of x DEG + -y' between the main processing surface 10 of the chute 8 and the axis of the shaft part 3 can be as followsIt is ensured that the finishing is continued when the measurement result does not meet the requirements.
Step five, processing the row of chute
Starting from the first chute 8 processed from the end part of the shaft part 3, all the chutes 8 in the same row are sequentially processed along the axial direction of the shaft part 3, each chute 8 needs to be processed in the next chute 8 after the measurement requirement of the chute 8 is verified through the measuring block 12, and the distance between two adjacent chutes 8 is measured and corrected through a digital display meter of a numerical control boring and milling machine.
Step six, processing other chute
The shaft-like parts 3 are rotated one by one according to the interval angle of the multi-row chute 8 along the circumferential direction of the shaft-like parts 3, and the remaining multi-row chute 8 is processed respectively.
When the shaft part 3 rotates after the same chute 8 is machined, the rotary workbench 4 is rotated until the axis of the shaft part 3 is perpendicular to the main shaft 1 of the numerical control boring and milling machine, a magnetic gauge stand 14 is adsorbed on the end face of the shaft part 3, a strip-shaped gauge block 15 is adsorbed on the magnetic gauge stand 14, one side wall 9 of the strip-shaped gauge block 15 is attached to the end face of the shaft part 3, the position of the magnetic gauge stand 14 and the strip-shaped gauge block 15 is digitally displayed and corrected through the numerical control boring and milling machine, the alignment plane 16 of the strip-shaped gauge block 15 is perpendicular to the main shaft 1 of the numerical control boring and milling machine, a reference coordinate axis is selected in the coordinate system of the numerical control boring and milling machine, and the reference coordinate axis is parallel to the alignment plane 16 of the strip-shaped gauge block 15.
And then the shaft part 3 rotates, the coordinate system of the numerical control boring and milling machine also rotates in the same direction and at the same angle, so that the reference coordinate axis is still parallel to the alignment plane 16 of the rotated bar-shaped gauge block 15, the jitter error of the alignment plane 16 is measured along the direction of the reference coordinate axis by the numerical control boring and milling machine through digital display of a meter, and when the jitter error of the alignment plane 16 along the direction of the reference coordinate axis within the range of 100 millimeters exceeds 0.01 millimeter, the rotation angle of the shaft part 3 is corrected. If the requirements are not met, the shaft part 3 is rotated again until the requirements are met after alignment, and then the other chute 8 can be processed until all the chutes 8 on the shaft part 3 are processed.
The processing conditions of this example are as follows:
1. the required cutter: phi 30, interpolating a milling cutter and a center;
2. blade model: milling cutter insert R390-17 04 08M-PM 1030;
3. the required equipment is as follows: TK6916 boring and milling machine, wherein the boring bar diameter 160mm numerical control system is SIEMENS system;
4. workpiece material: 45CrNiMoVA;
5. the cooling mode is as follows: air cooling and cutting fluid cooling are carried out at normal temperature on the milling chute.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a processing method of multirow chute on axle type part for processing multirow chute (8) on the outer circumference of axle type part (3), multirow chute (8) evenly spaced along the circumference of axle type part (3) distribute, a plurality of chute (8) of same row are evenly spaced along the axial of axle type part (3), chute (8) are formed by two sections lateral wall (9) and two sections bottom surfaces cooperation, the lateral wall (9) of chute (8) are parallel with the axis of axle type part (3), the plane symmetry of two sections lateral wall (9) of chute (8) about a plane that contains the axis of axle type part (3), this plane is the reference surface of chute (8), the bottom surface of chute (8) is perpendicular with the reference surface, and two sections bottom surfaces of chute (8) are main machined surface (10) and vice machined surface (11) of mutually perpendicular respectively, main machined surface (10) have the contained angle of x +/-y' with the axis of axle type part (3), characterized by including the following steps:
step one, processing a measuring block
According to the size of the chute (8), a measuring block (12) used for being placed in the chute (8) is processed, two sections of bottom joint surfaces and a section of measuring plane (13) are arranged on the measuring block (12), the two sections of bottom joint surfaces are mutually perpendicular, the two sections of bottom joint surfaces can be respectively jointed with a main processing surface (10) and a secondary processing surface (11), an included angle of x degrees is formed between the measuring plane (13) and one section of bottom joint surface, so that after the measuring block (12) is placed in the chute (8), the measuring plane (13) is parallel to the axis of the shaft part (3), the outer circumference, which is positioned on one side far from the opening of the chute (8) and is intersected with the reference surface of the chute (8), of the shaft part (3) is defined as a measuring reference line, and the theoretical perpendicular distance between the measuring plane (13) and the measuring reference line is a millimeter and is larger than the diameter of the shaft part (3);
step two, clamping
Fixing a square box (5) on a rotary workbench (4) of a numerical control boring and milling machine, placing two V-shaped irons (6) on the square box (5), respectively installing two groups of pressing plates (7) with adjustable heights above the two V-shaped irons (6), paving copper sheets on the V-shaped grooves of the V-shaped irons (6), then placing a shaft part (3) on the copper sheets of the two V-shaped grooves, ensuring that the axis of the shaft part (3) is positioned in the horizontal direction, tightly clamping the shaft part (3) on the two V-shaped irons (6) through the cooperation of the two groups of pressing plates (7), and respectively arranging the positions of the two groups of pressing plates (7) on the shaft part (3) in a pressing manner corresponding to the positions of the two V-shaped irons (6) for supporting the shaft part (3), wherein the V-shaped irons (6) and the pressing plates (7) are respectively positioned between two adjacent inclined grooves (8);
step three, scribing
Rotating the rotary workbench (4) until the axis of the shaft part (3) is perpendicular to a main shaft (1) of the numerical control boring and milling machine, installing a center on the main shaft (1), marking feed points of all the inclined grooves (8) in the same row on the outer circumference of the shaft part (3) through the center, wherein the feed points are intersection points of a reference surface of the inclined grooves (8) and a main machining surface (10) of the inclined grooves (8) on the outer circumference of the shaft part (3);
step four, first chute processing
Rotating a rotary workbench (4) by x degrees, installing a milling cutter (2) on a main shaft (1), driving the milling cutter (2) by the main shaft (1) to start machining from a feed point of a chute (8) positioned at the end part of a shaft part (3), machining a main machining surface (10) of the chute (8) through the bottom side of the milling cutter (2), machining a secondary machining surface (11) and two sections of side walls (9) of the chute (8) through the outer circumference of the milling cutter (2), sequentially carrying out rough machining and finish machining by feeding for a plurality of times, and measuring and correcting the size of the chute (8) through a measuring block (12) in the finish machining process until the measurement requirement of the chute (8) is met, wherein the machining of the chute (8) is completed;
the measurement requirement of the chute (8) is that a measuring block (12) is placed in the chute (8), n measuring points are selected on a measuring plane (13), all measuring points are positioned on a reference plane of the chute (8), wherein two end measuring points are respectively close to two edges of the measuring plane (13) along the axial direction of the shaft part (3), the distance between the end measuring points and the edge of the measuring plane (13) on the side close to the end measuring points is 5-8 mm, and the vertical distances between the n measuring points and the measuring reference line are respectively measured to obtain n actual vertical distances a 1 ～a n ，a 1 ～a n All of the values of (2) satisfyMillimeter, wherein d=c×cos (x°), c is taken from the length dimension tolerance +_ of the secondary working face (11) on the reference face of the chute (8)>Millimeter, and a 1 ～a n The difference value between any two of the two is not more than g millimeters, g=h=sin (y degrees), and h is taken as the length dimension h millimeters of the bottom binding surface contacted with the main processing surface (10) on the reference surface of the chute (8);
step five, processing the row of chute
Starting from a first chute (8) processed from the end part of the shaft part (3), sequentially processing all the chutes (8) in the same row along the axial direction of the shaft part (3), verifying that each chute (8) meets the measurement requirement of the chute (8) through a measuring block (12), then processing the next chute (8), and measuring and correcting the distance between two adjacent chutes (8) through a digital display beating table of a numerical control boring and milling machine;
step six, processing other chute
According to the interval angle of the multi-row chute (8) along the circumferential direction of the shaft part (3), the shaft part (3) rotates successively, and other chute rows (8) are processed respectively;
when the shaft part (3) rotates after the same chute (8) is machined, the rotary workbench (4) rotates until the axis of the shaft part (3) is perpendicular to a main shaft (1) of the numerical control boring and milling machine, a magnetic gauge stand (14) is adsorbed on the end face of the shaft part (3), a strip gauge block (15) is adsorbed on the magnetic gauge stand (14), one side wall (9) of the strip gauge block (15) is attached to the end face of the shaft part (3), the positions of the magnetic gauge stand (14) and the strip gauge block (15) are digitally displayed and corrected through the numerical control boring and milling machine, so that an alignment plane (16) of the strip gauge block (15) is perpendicular to the main shaft (1) of the numerical control boring and milling machine, a reference coordinate axis is selected in a coordinate system of the numerical control boring and milling machine, and the reference coordinate axis is parallel to the alignment plane (16) of the strip gauge block (15);
and then the shaft part (3) rotates, the coordinate system of the numerical control boring and milling machine also rotates in the same direction and at the same angle, so that the reference coordinate axis is still parallel to the alignment plane (16) of the rotated bar-shaped gauge block (15), the jitter error of the alignment plane (16) is measured along the direction of the reference coordinate axis by the numerical control boring and milling machine through the numerical control boring and milling machine digital display, and when the jitter error of the alignment plane (16) in the 100 mm range along the direction of the reference coordinate axis exceeds 0.01 mm, the rotation angle of the shaft part (3) is corrected.
2. The method for machining the multi-row chute on the shaft part according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the strip-shaped gauge block (15) is of a rectangular flat plate structure, and the length of the strip-shaped gauge block (15) is 100 mm.
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| CN118268635A (en) * | 2024-06-04 | 2024-07-02 | 宁波全讯精密机械有限公司 | Motor shaft key groove processing machine |
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