CN113812517A - A functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect, and its preparation method - Google Patents
A functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect, and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113812517A CN113812517A CN202111153357.XA CN202111153357A CN113812517A CN 113812517 A CN113812517 A CN 113812517A CN 202111153357 A CN202111153357 A CN 202111153357A CN 113812517 A CN113812517 A CN 113812517A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, weighing a base material taking soybean meal as a main raw material, adding water according to a certain material-water ratio, and mixing for later use; s2, adding protease into the mixture in batches to perform three-stage or more enzymolysis reaction, adding carboxypeptidase with the designed amount into the mixture after the last stage of enzymolysis reaction and the enzymolysis reaction are finished, and performing enzymolysis for a certain time to obtain an enzymolysis product; s3, evaluating the quality of small peptides in the enzymolysis products; s4, mixing the enzymolysis product with butyric acid or butyrate according to a designed mass ratio; and S5, drying the mixture, and crushing and granulating to obtain a finished product. The invention improves the use methods of the debittering enzyme and the sodium butyrate by adopting a multi-stage enzymolysis mode, obtains the functional nutrient with high small peptide content, high efficiency and food calling effect, and solves the defects in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing and production, in particular to a functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The modern pig raising industry with high scale intensification degree faces the problem of feed resource waste caused by the fact that conventional protein feed raw materials contain anti-nutritional factors and the digestibility is not ideal, and population diarrhea can occur under adverse factors such as piglet weaning stress and external environment change, so that the production performance of commercial pigs is directly reduced, the feeding cost is increased, and the stable implementation of the vegetable basket engineering in China is greatly influenced. In recent years, in order to improve the digestibility of the conventional protein feed raw material bean pulp, people in the industry carry out directional enzymolysis on macromolecular protein of the bean pulp by adopting an enzyme engineering technology, and the generated peptide substance has a small molecular structure and can be directly absorbed by intestinal tracts, thereby greatly improving the digestibility of the feed. In addition to the selection of high-quality protease, the soybean meal protein directional enzymolysis technology has great influence on enzymolysis product small peptides by enzymolysis modes, reaction time, pH value and the like, and poor control of the reaction conditions can cause large production amount of bitter peptides and seriously affect the palatability of the feed.
For the production of bitter peptides, the literature, "research on the formation and debittering methods of bitter peptides" (von rosy chard, lingering eclin, food science, 2002) provides more detailed description that the production of bitter peptides is deepened mainly along with the increase of the degree of enzymolysis, and proteins are extensively hydrolyzed to form a large amount of hydrophobic amino acids, thereby forming bitter taste of different degrees. The traditional enzymolysis process is difficult to accurately control the enzymolysis degree, so that bitter peptides with different degrees can inevitably appear, and the production amount of the bitter peptides is greatly increased when the proteins are subjected to full enzymolysis based on the purpose of improving the yield of small peptides, so that the palatability of the feed is seriously influenced. In order to solve the problem of bitterness and improve the palatability of the feed, the debittering method mainly adopted is enzyme method treatment, namely, aminopeptidase or carboxypeptidase is added into the bean pulp subjected to enzymolysis for enzyme method debittering, the debittering effect is obvious, and the problem of the palatability of the feed can be effectively solved.
However, in the actual feed production, in order to obtain the feed with high small peptide content, a one-time full enzymolysis process is generally adopted, and then aminopeptidase or carboxypeptidase is added for carrying out enzyme debittering, the one-time full enzymolysis process not only has the problems of excessive enzymolysis, long enzymolysis time and low small peptide yield, but also has the disadvantages of poor enzyme debittering effect, long debittering time and high requirement for aminopeptidase or carboxypeptidase (the enzyme addition amount reaches more than 8 per thousand) when the aminopeptidase or carboxypeptidase is subsequently added for carrying out enzyme debittering, and the obtained enzymolysis feed still has obvious bitter taste and has limited palatability improvement.
In addition, in order to improve the feed intake of piglets, a phagostimulant is generally added into the feed, the traditional phagostimulant only has a single phagostimulant function, and butyric acid has the capability of influencing digestion and metabolism of animals and can be used as the phagostimulant and the digestant of the animal feed. At present, sodium butyrate is generally used as a feed additive to be used alone or mixed with feed particles. The traditional application mode cannot effectively combine the sodium butyrate with animal feed for use, so that the use effect of the sodium butyrate is not as expected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems, the invention provides a functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing a base material taking soybean meal as a main raw material, adding water according to a certain material-water ratio for mixing, and then adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 8-10 by using a pH value regulator for later use;
s2, adding protease into the mixture in batches to perform three-stage or more enzymolysis reaction, adding carboxypeptidase with the designed amount into the mixture after the last stage of enzymolysis reaction and the enzymolysis reaction are finished, and performing enzymolysis for a certain time to obtain an enzymolysis product;
s3, evaluating the quality of the small peptide in the enzymolysis product, and entering the next step when the quality reaches the standard;
s4, mixing the enzymolysis product with butyric acid or butyrate according to a designed mass ratio to obtain a uniformly mixed mixture;
and S5, drying the mixture, and crushing and granulating to obtain a finished product.
In the preparation method, the multi-stage enzymolysis reaction is adopted to improve the content of the small peptides, shorten the enzymolysis time, prevent excessive enzymolysis from generating a large amount of bitter peptides while obtaining more small peptide content as much as possible, and reduce the pressure of subsequent debitterizing treatment. Furthermore, after the last stage of enzymolysis reaction and the enzymolysis reaction are finished, a designed amount of carboxypeptidase is added into the mixture, compared with a mode of debittering by adding carboxypeptidase after the enzymolysis reaction is finished, before the protein is not fully enzymolyzed, the carboxypeptidase is firstly used for preliminarily debittering, so that the debittering effect is improved, the bitter peptides which are difficult to treat are inhibited from being generated by the hydrolysis of the protein, and after the enzymolysis of protease is finished, the carboxypeptidase is added for deep debittering.
Further, when butyric acid or sodium butyrate (generally, sodium butyrate with relatively stable physical and chemical properties is used due to the characteristic of freeness and volatility of butyric acid) is introduced, the butyric acid or sodium butyrate is directly added into an enzymolysis product, is uniformly mixed and then is dried and granulated, and the sodium butyrate can be uniformly dispersed in the enzymolysis product, so that the problem of nonuniform dispersion can be avoided; meanwhile, the sodium butyrate is uniformly distributed in the feed particles, compared with the existing simple blending mode, after the animals (piglets) eat the feed, the animal feed can achieve the effect of synchronous dissolution and digestion with the feed in the animal stomach, so that the effect of increasing the feed digestion rate by the sodium butyrate can be fully exerted, and the problem that the feed digestion effect is not obviously improved due to the fact that the sodium butyrate is consumed faster than the feed is solved.
Further, in S2, when protease is used for the enzymolysis reaction, the pH value during the enzymolysis reaction is controlled to 8.5-9.0, after the last stage of enzymolysis reaction is finished, a pH regulator is added to adjust the pH value of the reaction system to 5.0-7.0, and then carboxypeptidase is added to continue enzymolysis.
Further, in S2, adding protease into the mixture for 3 times to perform three-stage enzymolysis reaction, adding protease No. 1 with the mass of the mixture being 0.6-1.5 per mill in the first stage enzymolysis reaction for 0.5-1.5 h, then adding protease No. 2 with the mass of the mixture being 1.0-2.0 per mill in the first stage enzymolysis reaction for second stage enzymolysis for 0.5-1.5 h, finally adding protease No. 3 with the mass of the mixture being 0.5-1.5 per mill and carboxypeptidase with the mass of the mixture being 0.5-1.5 per mill in the second stage enzymolysis reaction for 1-2 h, and finally adding carboxypeptidase with the mass of the mixture being 0.5-1.5 per mill in the third stage enzymolysis reaction for 1-3 h.
Further, the protease No. 1, the protease No. 2 and the protease No. 3 in S2 are respectively prepared from bacillus licheniformis protease, bacillus subtilis protease and alkalophilic bacillus protease according to the weight ratio of 1-7: 2-5: 2-6, 3 kinds of protease with different formulas to ensure the effective proceeding of enzymolysis reaction. The specific mass ratio relationship among the protease No. 1, the protease No. 2 and the protease No. 3, namely the Bacillus licheniformis protease, the Bacillus subtilis protease and the alkalophilic bacillus protease is selected according to actual needs.
Further, the carboxypeptidase in the S2 is serine carboxypeptidase, the serine carboxypeptidase is added for pre-debittering treatment when the last stage of enzymolysis reaction is carried out, the pH value is adjusted to be 5.0-7.0 after the enzymolysis reaction is finished, the serine carboxypeptidase is added under the condition, the enzymolysis efficiency is greatly improved, and the debittering effect is good by applying the two-step enzymolysis method.
Further, in S4, the enzymatic hydrolysate is mixed with sodium butyrate in a ratio of 4-8: 1, were mixed in a mass ratio of 1.
In the invention, the base material also comprises one or more of peanut meal, corn germ meal and broad bean powder slurry protein.
Further, the mass ratio of the base material to water is 1: (1-4), and the temperature of water is 40-70 ℃ during mixing.
Further, the pH value regulator is one of calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and citric acid.
Further, in S5, drying the mixture at 70-100 ℃, and then crushing and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a granular finished product.
The invention also comprises a functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect, which is prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also comprises an animal feed with high digestibility and food calling effect, wherein the functional nutrient is added into the animal feed.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, through a multi-section enzymolysis mode, the enzymolysis efficiency and the small peptide content are improved, the problems of excessive enzymolysis, long enzymolysis time and low small peptide yield in one-time enzymolysis are solved, and the generation amount of bitter peptides is reduced to a certain extent;
2. when the palatability problem of an enzymolysis product is solved, the method comprises the steps of adding carboxypeptidase with a designed amount into a mixture after the last stage of enzymolysis reaction and the enzymolysis reaction are finished, and then carrying out enzymolysis for a certain time, wherein compared with a method of adding carboxypeptidase to carry out debittering after the enzymolysis reaction is finished, the method firstly carries out preliminary debittering by the carboxypeptidase before protein is not fully enzymolyzed, so that the debittering effect is improved, the generation amount of bitter peptides which are difficult to treat is also inhibited, and then the carboxypeptidase is added to carry out deep debittering under certain conditions, so that a good debittering effect is finally obtained, the use amount of the carboxypeptidase is less than 3.0 per thousand, and the problems of poor debittering effect and high use amount existing when the carboxypeptidase is used are solved;
3. in order to further improve the digestibility and the feeding attraction of the feed, the sodium butyrate is added into the enzymolysis product, and then the enzymolysis product is mixed, dried and granulated to obtain a finished product.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A method for preparing functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials for preparing small peptides: weighing 40 parts of bean pulp and 25 parts of peanut pulp in parts by weight;
s2, preparation before enzymolysis: taking soybean meal and peanut meal as main raw materials, and mixing the raw materials according to a material-water ratio of 1: 2 adding process water, stirring and mixing at 60 ℃, and using Ca (OH)2After the pH value of the powder is adjusted to 9.0, preparing multi-stage enzymolysis reaction;
s3, multi-stage enzymolysis: adding 1 ‰ of protease of total raw material mass for enzymolysis for 1 hr, monitoring pH every 20min and adjusting pH to 8.5-9.0 during enzymolysis; then adding 2 # protease with 1.5 per mill of the total mass of the raw materials for enzymolysis for 1h, monitoring the pH value every 30min and adjusting the pH value to be within the range of 8.5-9.0 in the enzymolysis process; finally, adding protease No. 3 with the total mass of 1 per mill of the raw materials for enzymolysis for 1.5h, and then adjusting the pH value to be below 7 by using citric acid to obtain an enzymolysis product;
s4, drying the enzymolysis product at 85 ℃, and crushing into fine powder particles which are sieved by a 60-mesh sieve;
s5, evaluating the quality of the fine powder particles, and obtaining the product after the evaluation reaches the standard.
Example 2
A method for preparing functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials for preparing small peptides: weighing 40 parts of bean pulp and 25 parts of peanut pulp in parts by weight;
s2, preparation before enzymolysis: taking soybean meal and peanut meal as main raw materials, and mixing the raw materials according to a material-water ratio of 1: 2 adding process water, stirring and mixing at 60 ℃, and using Ca (OH)2After the pH value of the powder is adjusted to 9.0, preparing multi-stage enzymolysis reaction;
s3, multi-stage enzymolysis: adding 1 ‰ of protease of total raw material mass for enzymolysis for 1 hr, monitoring pH every 20min and adjusting pH to 8.5-9.0 during enzymolysis; then adding 2 # protease with 1.5 per mill of the total mass of the raw materials for enzymolysis for 1h, monitoring the pH value every 30min and adjusting the pH value to be within the range of 8.5-9.0 in the enzymolysis process; finally, adding protease No. 3 with the total mass of 1 per mill of the raw materials for enzymolysis for 1 hour, and then adjusting the pH value to be below 7 by using citric acid to obtain an enzymolysis product;
s4, drying the enzymolysis product at 85 ℃, and crushing into fine powder particles which are sieved by a 60-mesh sieve;
s5, carrying out quality evaluation on the fine powder particles, and entering the next step after the quality evaluation reaches the standard;
s6, mixing the fine powder particles with sodium butyrate according to the weight ratio of 7: 1, carrying out physical mixing for about 20min to obtain a uniformly mixed mixture;
s5, sieving the mixture with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the functional nutrient for the piglet feed.
Example 3
Example 3 is the same as example 2, except that in S3, No. 1 protease, No. 2 protease and No. 3 protease, which are 3.5 ‰ of the total mass of the raw materials, are added, wherein the mass ratio of No. 1 protease, No. 2 protease and No. 3 protease is 1: 1.5: 1, the rest is the same as example 2.
Example 4
Example 4 is the same as example 2, except that carboxypeptidase with 4.0% of the total mass of the raw materials is added into the enzymolysis product obtained in S3 for enzymolysis for 2 hours to obtain the debittered enzymolysis product, and the subsequent steps are the same as example 2.
Example 5
Example 5 is the same as example 2, except that in step S3, while adding protease No. 3, carboxypeptidase of 1.0 ‰ of the total mass of the raw materials is added for enzymolysis for 1.5h, then citric acid is used to adjust the pH value to below 7.0, and then 1.0 ‰ of carboxypeptidase is added to obtain the debittered enzymolysis product, and the subsequent steps are the same as example 2.
Example 6
A method for preparing functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials for preparing small peptides: weighing 35 parts of bean pulp, 15 parts of peanut pulp and 10 parts of corn germ pulp in parts by weight;
s2, preparation before enzymolysis: taking soybean meal, peanut meal and corn germ meal as main raw materials, and mixing the raw materials according to a material-water ratio of 1: 3 adding process water, stirring and mixing at 60 ℃, and using Ca (OH)2After the pH value of the powder is adjusted to 9.0, preparing multi-stage enzymolysis reaction;
s3, multi-stage enzymolysis: adding No. 1 protease with the total mass of 0.6 per mill of the raw materials for enzymolysis for 1h, monitoring the pH value every 20min and adjusting the pH value to be within the range of 8.5-9.0 in the enzymolysis process; then adding 2 # protease with 1.0 per mill of the total mass of the raw materials for enzymolysis for 1h, monitoring the pH value every 30min and adjusting the pH value to be within the range of 8.5-9.0 in the enzymolysis process; finally, adding 0.5 thousandth of protease No. 3 and 0.5 thousandth of carboxypeptidase in the total mass of the raw materials for enzymolysis for 1.5h, adjusting the pH value to be below 7 by using citric acid, and then adding 1.0 thousandth of carboxypeptidase to obtain an enzymolysis product after debittering;
s4, drying the enzymolysis product at 85 ℃, and crushing into fine powder particles which are sieved by a 60-mesh sieve;
s5, carrying out quality evaluation on the fine powder particles, and entering the next step after the quality evaluation reaches the standard;
s6, mixing the fine powder particles with sodium butyrate according to the weight ratio of 7: 1, carrying out physical mixing for about 20min to obtain a uniformly mixed mixture;
s7, sieving the mixture with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the functional nutrient for the piglet feed.
Example 7
Example 7 is the same as example 6, except that sodium butyrate is added to the debittered enzymatic hydrolysate obtained in step S3, and the mass ratio of the enzymatic hydrolysate to the sodium butyrate is 7: 1, uniformly mixing, drying, crushing and granulating to finally obtain the functional nutrient for the piglet feed.
Example 8
A method for preparing functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials for preparing small peptides: weighing 35 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of corn germ meal and 10 parts of broad bean powder slurry protein in parts by weight;
s2, preparation before enzymolysis: taking soybean meal, corn germ meal and broad bean powder slurry protein as main raw materials, and mixing the raw materials according to a material-water ratio of 1: 3.5 adding process water, stirring and mixing at 60 ℃, using Ca (OH)2After the pH value of the powder is adjusted to 9.0, preparing multi-stage enzymolysis reaction;
s3, multi-stage enzymolysis: adding 1 # protease with the total mass of 1.5 per mill of the raw materials for enzymolysis for 1h, monitoring the pH value every 20min and adjusting the pH value to be within the range of 8.5-9.0 in the enzymolysis process; then adding 2 # protease with 2.0 per mill of the total mass of the raw materials for enzymolysis for 1h, monitoring the pH value every 30min and adjusting the pH value to be within the range of 8.5-9.0 in the enzymolysis process; finally, adding 1.5 per mill of protease No. 3 and 0.8 per mill of carboxypeptidase in the total mass of the raw materials for enzymolysis for 1.5h, adjusting the pH value to be below 7 by using citric acid, and then adding 1.5 per mill of carboxypeptidase to obtain an enzymolysis product after debittering;
s4, performing quality evaluation on the debitterized enzymolysis product, and entering the next step after the quality evaluation reaches the standard;
s5, mixing the enzymolysis product with sodium butyrate according to the ratio of 4: 1, carrying out physical mixing for about 23min to obtain a uniformly mixed mixture;
s6, drying the mixture at 85 ℃, and crushing into fine powder particles which are sieved by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the functional nutrient for the piglet feed.
In the above examples 1 to 8, the proportions of the protease No. 1 are unified as follows: the mass ratio of the bacillus licheniformis protease, the bacillus subtilis protease and the alkalophilic bacillus protease is 1: 2: 3; the proportion of the No. 2 protease is unified as follows: the mass ratio of the bacillus licheniformis protease, the bacillus subtilis protease and the alkalophilic bacillus protease is 3: 3: 4; the proportion of the No. 3 protease is unified as follows: the mass ratio of the bacillus licheniformis protease, the bacillus subtilis protease and the alkalophilic bacillus protease is 5: 3: 5.
the quality assessment criteria are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 evaluation criteria for quality of enzymatic products
| Item | Basis of evaluation | Score Range | Meet the standard |
| Small peptide content | GB/T 22492-2008 | 0-100％ | ≥55％ |
| Bitter taste | Sensory evaluation | 0 to 10 minutes | Less than or equal to 6 minutes |
Note: in table 1, the sensory evaluation was performed by using 10-score sensory evaluation 10-score rule for 10 persons (5 men and 5 women), and the average value of 10 persons was used for each evaluation, and the bitterness of example 3 was set to 10 scores with example 3 as a reference.
The results of the quality assessment of examples 1 to 8 are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 results of quality evaluation of enzymatic hydrolysates obtained in examples 1 to 8
From table 2, it can be obtained:
firstly, the method can be obtained by comparing examples 1, 2 and 3, the method adopts a multi-stage enzymolysis process, under the condition of the same enzymolysis time, the yield of small peptides is obviously higher than that of the traditional enzymolysis mode, the bitter taste is lower than that of the traditional enzymolysis mode, and the generation amount of bitter peptides is reduced to a certain extent;
secondly, comparing examples 4 and 5, the method can obtain that under the condition of low usage of the carboxypeptidase, the invention obtains better debittering effect by adding the carboxypeptidase after the last stage of enzymolysis reaction and the enzymolysis reaction are finished, and overcomes the problems of poor debittering effect and high usage when the carboxypeptidase is used at present;
animal experiment one
And (3) experimental design: a single-factor completely random experimental design is adopted, 96 healthy DLY weaned piglets with the age of 28 days and similar weight are selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group has 4 repetitions, each repetition has 6 pigs, and each half of the male and female pigs are obtained. The control group was fed a basal diet (18% of soybean meal), and the test 1 group, the test 2 group, and the test 3 group were fed diets supplemented with 1% of the functional nutrient made from the pig feed according to example 2, example 6, and example 7, respectively (the nutrient level was the same as that of the control group). Pre-run period 7d, positive run period 28 d. During the test period, the pigs only feed freely and drink water freely, and the external growth environment is consistent.
The measuring index and method are as follows: and measuring the initial weight and the final weight of the piglets of the test group and the control group at the time points of the beginning and the end of the test respectively, recording the feed consumption by taking the repetition as a unit, and calculating the average daily gain and the feed-weight ratio of the piglets. The piglets were recorded for the first diarrhea during the test, and the diarrhea rate (%) was calculated as the sum of the first diarrhea/(number of test pigs × number of days) × 100.
And (3) test results: as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 influence of control and test groups 1-3 on growth Performance of weaned piglets
Note: the same row letters indicate no significant difference (P > 0.05) and the letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 3, the addition of the functional nutrient prepared by the invention into the piglet diet can obviously improve the weight of the piglet at the end, obviously reduce the diarrhea rate of the piglet, and improve the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of the piglet and reduce the feed-weight ratio to a certain extent. Wherein, the weight of the piglet end, the average daily feed intake and the average daily gain weight of the 3 groups are higher than those of the 1 group and the 2 group to a certain extent, and the feed-weight ratio and the diarrhea rate are lower than those of the 1 group and the 2 group to a certain extent. Therefore, the functional nutrient prepared by the invention can improve the growth performance of piglets, and the embodiment 7 adopting the 3-stage enzymolysis + carboxypeptidase + enzymolysis product blending preparation method has the optimal effect.
Animal test 2
And (3) experimental design: and after the growth performance test is finished, carrying out a digestion test on the piglets, and determining the apparent digestibility of the nutrient substances. 15 boars with similar health and weight are selected from pigs subjected to growth tests, and are randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, each treatment group has 5 repetitions, and each repetition has 1 pig, and the pigs are independently raised in a digestion and metabolism cage. Wherein the group A is a control group, the group A is fed with basic daily ration (soybean meal is 18%), the group B and the group C are test groups, and the group A and the group C are respectively fed with daily ration added with 1% of the functional nutrient of the pig feed prepared in the example 6 and the example 7 (the nutrient level is the same as that of the control group). During the pre-test period, the feed intake of the test pigs is groped by adopting a method of gradually increasing the feed intake to free feed intake, the feed intake is recorded, and the feces discharging condition of each pig is observed and the feces discharging time is recorded. Feeding according to 85% of free feed intake in the pre-test period for 3 times daily in the normal test period, ensuring that no excess material exists in the trough when receiving feces at 8 o' clock in the morning, and clearing and weighing for recording if excess material exists. During the period of the normal test, the total feces collection method is adopted, the feces of each pig are collected in a total amount of 24h every day, and the feces excreted by each pig every day are weighed and the weight is recorded. Pre-run period 3d, positive run period 4 d.
The measuring index and method are as follows: total energy (GE), Dry Matter (DM), Crude Fiber (CF), Crude Protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude Ash (Ash), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) of the feed and the manure were measured. The method always refers to an IKA calorimeter C6000 instrument method, the dry matter refers to GB/T6435-. The apparent digestibility of the nutrient substances of the feed is calculated by the following formula:
apparent digestibility (%) of a certain nutrient in the diet (feed intake x nutrient content in the diet-daily feces output x nutrient content in feces)/(feed intake x nutrient content in the diet) × 100%
And (3) test results: as shown in table 4.
TABLE 4A, B, C influence of groups on apparent digestibility of nutrients for piglets
Note: the same row letters indicate no significant difference (P > 0.05) and the letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from table 4, the functional nutrients having the effect of improving the digestibility of pig feed and the food calling effect prepared in examples 6 and 7 are added to the feed for piglets, so that the apparent digestibility of the piglets on the total daily ration energy, dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus can be remarkably improved. In addition, the apparent digestibility of each nutrient component in example 7 is higher than that in example 6 to a certain extent, and the improvement effect of the apparent digestibility of the nutrient substances of the piglets in example 7 is better than that in example 6, so that the effect of adding sodium butyrate into the enzymolysis products, mixing, drying and granulating the enzymolysis products to obtain the finished product is shown.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a functional nutrient having high digestibility and a food calling effect, comprising the steps of:
s1, weighing a base material taking soybean meal as a main raw material, adding water according to a certain material-water ratio for mixing, and then adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 8-10 by using a pH value regulator for later use;
s2, adding protease into the mixture in batches to perform three-stage or more enzymolysis reaction, adding carboxypeptidase with the designed amount into the mixture after the last stage of enzymolysis reaction and the enzymolysis reaction are finished, and performing enzymolysis for a certain time to obtain an enzymolysis product;
s3, evaluating the quality of the small peptide in the enzymolysis product, and entering the next step when the quality reaches the standard;
s4, mixing the enzymolysis product with butyric acid or butyrate according to a designed mass ratio to obtain a uniformly mixed mixture;
and S5, drying the mixture, and crushing and granulating to obtain a finished product.
2. The method of preparing a functional nutrient having high digestibility and a food calling effect according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis is controlled to 8.5 to 9.0 by using protease, after the final stage of the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, a pH adjusting agent is added to adjust the pH of the reaction system to 5.0 to 7.0, and then carboxypeptidase is added to continue the enzymatic hydrolysis.
3. The method for preparing a functional nutrient with high digestibility and food calling effect according to claim 2, wherein in S2, protease is added into the mixture 3 times to perform three-stage enzymolysis, protease 1 with the mass of 0.6-1.5 per mill of the mixture is added into the first stage enzymolysis reaction, the enzymolysis time is 0.5-1.5 h, protease 2 with the mass of 1.0-2.0 per mill of the mixture is added into the mixture to perform the second stage enzymolysis, the enzymolysis time is 0.5-1.5 h, protease 3 with the mass of 0.5-1.5 per mill of the mixture and carboxypeptidase with the mass of 0.5-1.5 per mill of the mixture are added into the mixture to perform the third stage enzymolysis, the enzymolysis time is 1-2 h, and carboxypeptidase with the mass of 0.5-1.5 per mill of the mixture is added into the mixture to perform the enzymolysis, and the enzymolysis time is 1-3 h.
4. The method for preparing a functional nutrient having high digestibility and a food calling effect according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the enzymatic hydrolysate is mixed with sodium butyrate in a ratio of 4-8: 1, were mixed in a mass ratio of 1.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the base material further comprises one or more of peanut meal, corn germ meal, and broad bean protein meal.
6. The method for preparing a functional nutrient having high digestibility and a food calling effect according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the base material to water is 1: (1-4), and the temperature of water is 40-70 ℃ during mixing.
7. The method of preparing a functional nutrient having high digestibility and a food calling effect according to claim 1, wherein the pH adjustor is one of calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and citric acid.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture is dried at 70-100 ℃ in S5, and then crushed and sieved through a 60 mesh sieve to obtain a granular finished product.
9. A functional nutrient having high digestibility and a food calling effect, which is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An animal feed having high digestibility and a feeding promoting effect, wherein the functional nutrient of claim 9 is added to the animal feed.
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| CN1539310A (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-27 | 湛永航 | Production process of multistep enzyme hydrolysis for extractive of meat |
| CN108157583A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-15 | 武汉天天好生物制品有限公司 | A kind of highly dissoluble soya-bean polypeptides and its preparation process and application |
| CN110521856A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-12-03 | 江西正邦科技股份有限公司 | The production method of the diligent energy property small peptide of one boar |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1539310A (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-27 | 湛永航 | Production process of multistep enzyme hydrolysis for extractive of meat |
| CN108157583A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-15 | 武汉天天好生物制品有限公司 | A kind of highly dissoluble soya-bean polypeptides and its preparation process and application |
| CN110521856A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-12-03 | 江西正邦科技股份有限公司 | The production method of the diligent energy property small peptide of one boar |
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