CN113793957A - A Positive and Negative Voltage Sampling System for Fuel Cells - Google Patents
A Positive and Negative Voltage Sampling System for Fuel Cells Download PDFInfo
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- CN113793957A CN113793957A CN202111079826.8A CN202111079826A CN113793957A CN 113793957 A CN113793957 A CN 113793957A CN 202111079826 A CN202111079826 A CN 202111079826A CN 113793957 A CN113793957 A CN 113793957A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于燃料电池的正负电压采样系统，包含通道选择电路、通道控制电路、负电压检测电路、电压转换电路、采样电路、单片机、多个燃料电池；每个燃料电池的正极与负极分别与通道选择电路的两个输入端连接，通道选择电路的两个输出端分别与通道控制电路的两个输入端连接，通道控制电路的两个输出端与单片机连接，通道选择电路的两个输出端还与负压检测电路的输入端、电压转换电路的输入端连接；负压检测电路的输出端与所示单片机连接，所述电压转换电路通过采样电路与单片机连接；所述单片机与电压转换电路连接。本发明提供的用于燃料电池的正负电压采样系统，满足了燃料电池单体正负电压采样需求。且本系统结构简单、装置可靠。
The invention relates to a positive and negative voltage sampling system for fuel cells, comprising a channel selection circuit, a channel control circuit, a negative voltage detection circuit, a voltage conversion circuit, a sampling circuit, a single-chip microcomputer, and a plurality of fuel cells; and the negative pole are respectively connected with the two input ends of the channel selection circuit, the two output ends of the channel selection circuit are respectively connected with the two input ends of the channel control circuit, the two output ends of the channel control circuit are connected with the single-chip microcomputer, and the The two output ends are also connected to the input end of the negative pressure detection circuit and the input end of the voltage conversion circuit; the output end of the negative pressure detection circuit is connected to the single-chip microcomputer shown, and the voltage conversion circuit is connected to the single-chip microcomputer through the sampling circuit; the single-chip microcomputer Connect with the voltage conversion circuit. The positive and negative voltage sampling system for the fuel cell provided by the present invention satisfies the positive and negative voltage sampling requirements of the fuel cell unit. In addition, the system has simple structure and reliable device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell voltage sampling system, in particular to a positive and negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell unit voltage is monitored when the fuel cell normally works, and the fuel cell system is protected in time because the fuel cell has the phenomenon of reversal, and the condition that the unit outputs negative voltage appears when the fuel cell works abnormally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a positive and negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell, which can limit the application of a common cell voltage sampling chip due to the particularity of negative voltage, and the direct sampling of the positive and negative voltages is difficult to realize by adopting a conventional sampling circuit.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a positive and negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell, which comprises a channel selection circuit, a channel control circuit, a negative voltage detection circuit, a voltage conversion circuit, a sampling circuit, a single chip microcomputer and a plurality of fuel cells, wherein the channel selection circuit is connected with the sampling circuit;
the fuel cells are all connected with a channel selection circuit, the channel selection circuit is respectively connected with the input end of a channel control circuit, the input end of a negative pressure detection circuit and the input end of a voltage conversion circuit, and the output end of the channel control circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer;
the output end of the negative pressure detection circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer, the input end of the sampling circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage conversion circuit, and the output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit is sampled and connected with the single chip microcomputer.
Further, the single chip microcomputer controls one of the plurality of fuel cells to be conducted through the channel selection circuit, the output voltage of the two ends of the conducted fuel cell detected by the negative pressure detection circuit is collected, if the output voltage is negative pressure, the single chip microcomputer controls the voltage conversion circuit to convert the negative pressure into positive pressure and output the positive pressure to the sampling circuit for sampling, and the sampling circuit transmits a sampling result to the single chip microcomputer to finish sampling operation.
Preferably, the number of the fuel cells is n, and n fuel cells are connected in series, where n is a positive integer.
Preferably, the channel selection circuit comprises n +1 first optocoupler relays; the positive electrode of each fuel cell is connected to a first circuit node through a switch component of one first optocoupler relay; and the negative electrode of each fuel cell is connected to a second circuit node through a switch component of another first optocoupler relay, wherein different electrodes of two adjacent fuel cells are connected with the same switch component of the optocoupler relay.
Further, the first circuit node and the second circuit node are connected with the negative voltage detection circuit and the voltage conversion circuit; the negative voltage detection circuit detects the output voltage between the first circuit node and the second circuit node and transmits the detection result to the single chip microcomputer;
when the single chip microcomputer judges that the output voltage of the negative voltage detection circuit is negative voltage, the voltage conversion circuit is controlled to convert the negative voltage into positive voltage and output the positive voltage; and when the single chip microcomputer judges that the output voltage of the negative pressure detection circuit is positive, the voltage conversion circuit is controlled not to convert, and the positive voltage is directly output.
Furthermore, the channel control circuit comprises a first decoder and a second decoder, wherein the first decoder is connected with the light emitting diode of the first optical coupling relay for controlling the anode of each fuel cell, the second decoder is connected with the light emitting diode of the first optical coupling relay for controlling the cathode of each fuel cell, and the two first optical coupling relays connected with the anode and the cathode of each fuel cell are respectively controlled to be simultaneously switched on and switched off according to the instruction of the single chip microcomputer.
Furthermore, the single chip microcomputer controls two adjacent first optical coupling relays in the channel selection circuit to be simultaneously switched on at every time through the first decoder and the second decoder, and simultaneously controls the rest first optical coupling relays to be simultaneously switched off so as to collect output voltages at two ends of the fuel cell connected with the two switched-on first optical coupling relays.
Further, the voltage conversion circuit comprises an H full-bridge circuit consisting of four second optocoupler relays; the H full-bridge circuit is composed of two parallel bridge arms, each bridge arm is composed of two switch components of the second optocoupler relay in series connection, the first ends of the two bridge arms are connected with the first circuit node, the second ends of the two bridge arms are connected with the second circuit node, and a node between the two switch components of the second optocoupler relay on each bridge arm is connected with the sampling circuit; and the light emitting diodes of the four second optical coupling relays are connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer controls the on and off of each second optical coupling relay.
The positive and negative voltage sampling system for the fuel cell provided by the invention meets the positive and negative voltage sampling requirements of the single fuel cell.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a positive and negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The positive and negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all used in a non-precise scale for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly aiding in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. To make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the implementation conditions of the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the positive and negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell provided by the invention comprises a channel selection circuit 1, a channel control circuit 2, a negative voltage detection circuit 3, a voltage conversion circuit 4, a sampling circuit 5, a single chip microcomputer 6 and a plurality of fuel cells C; in this embodiment, the Single Chip computer 6 is an MCU (micro control unit), which is also called a Single Chip Microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) or a Single Chip computer.
The input ends of the fuel cells C are all connected with the channel selection circuit 1, and the output end of the channel selection circuit 1 is connected with the input end of the channel control circuit 2; the output end of the channel control circuit 2 is connected with the singlechip 6, and the output end of the channel selection circuit 1 is also connected with the input end of the negative voltage detection circuit 3 and the input end of the voltage conversion circuit 4;
further, the plurality of fuel cells C are sequentially connected in series; the channel selection circuit 1 comprises a plurality of first optocoupler relays Q, two ends of each fuel cell C are correspondingly connected with two first optocoupler relays Q respectively, a switch component of each first optocoupler relay Q is connected with the channel control circuit 2, and the switch component of each first optocoupler relay Q is connected with the negative pressure detection circuit 3 and the voltage conversion circuit 4 respectively.
The output end of the negative voltage detection circuit 4 is connected with the single chip microcomputer 6, and the voltage conversion circuit 4 is connected with the single chip microcomputer 6 through the sampling circuit 5; the single chip microcomputer 6 is also directly connected with the voltage conversion circuit 4;
If the number of the fuel cells C is n, the channel selection circuit 1 includes n +1 first optocoupler relays Q, where n is a positive integer; the positive pole of each fuel cell C is connected to a first circuit node 10 through the switching component of one of the first optocoupler relays Q; the negative electrode of each fuel cell C is connected to a second circuit node 11 through a switch component of another first optocoupler relay Q, different electrodes of two adjacent fuel cells C are connected in series and connected with the switch component of the same optocoupler relay Q, and the first circuit node 10 and the second circuit node 11 are respectively connected with the negative voltage detection circuit 3 and the voltage conversion circuit 4; the negative voltage detection circuit 3 detects positive and negative voltages between the first circuit node 10 and the second circuit node 11 and transmits a detection result to the single chip microcomputer 6, and if the negative voltage is detected, the single chip microcomputer 6 controls the voltage conversion circuit 4 to convert the negative voltage into positive voltage for output.
In order to more vividly describe the connection relationship between the fuel cell C and the first optocoupler relay Q, the fuel cell C is numbered from C1 to Cn respectively, the first optocoupler relay Q is numbered from Q1 to Qn +1, wherein the cathode of the fuel cell C1 is connected with the first optocoupler relay Q1, the cathode of the fuel cell C2 is connected with the first optocoupler relay Q2, and the analogy is carried out until the cathode of the fuel cell Cn is connected with the first optocoupler relay Qn; the positive electrode of the fuel cell C1 is connected with a first optocoupler relay Q2, the positive electrode of the fuel cell C2 is connected with a third optocoupler relay Q3, and the rest is done in sequence until the positive electrode of the fuel cell Cn is connected with a first optocoupler relay Qn + 1; different electrodes of two adjacent fuel cells C with the numbers of C1 and C2 are connected to the first optical coupling relay Q2, and the different electrodes of the fuel cells C with the numbers of Cn-1 and Cn are connected to the first optical coupling relay Qn.
The channel control circuit 2 comprises a first decoder D1 and a second decoder D2, wherein the first decoder D1 is connected with a light emitting diode of each first optical coupling relay Q for controlling the anode of each fuel cell C, the second decoder D2 is connected with a light emitting diode of each first optical coupling relay Q for controlling the cathode of each fuel cell C, and the first decoder D1 and the second decoder D2 respectively control two first optical coupling relays Q connected with the anode and the cathode of each fuel cell C to be simultaneously switched on and off according to the instruction of the single chip microcomputer 6. According to the numbering rule, the first optocoupler relays Q are distinguished from the odd groups according to numbers, wherein the odd groups are connected with the first decoder D1, the even groups are connected with the second decoder D2, only 1 first optocoupler relay Q in each odd group and each even group is controlled to be switched on, the numbers of the two switched-on first optocoupler relays Q are adjacent, the two switched-on first optocoupler relays Q are used for controlling one fuel cell C, for example, the first optocoupler relay Q1 in the odd groups and the first optocoupler relay Q2 in the even groups are controlled to be switched on, the output voltage of the fuel cell C1 is sampled and output, for example, the first optocoupler relay Q3 in the odd groups and the first optocoupler relay Q2 in the even groups are controlled to be switched on, and the output voltage of the fuel cell C2 is sampled and output.
The sampling process of the output voltage of each fuel cell C specifically includes the following contents that the negative voltage detection circuit 3 detects the output voltage of each fuel cell C, the output voltage is fed back to the single chip microcomputer 6 according to the detection result of the negative voltage detection circuit 3, the single chip microcomputer 6 controls the voltage conversion circuit 4 to convert the output negative voltage and output positive voltage (if the output positive voltage is output, the single chip microcomputer 6 controls the voltage conversion circuit 4 not to convert, and the output positive voltage is directly output by the voltage conversion circuit 4). The voltage conversion circuit 4 comprises an H full-bridge circuit consisting of four second optocoupler relays K; the H full-bridge circuit is composed of two parallel bridge arms, each bridge arm is composed of two switch components of the second optocoupler relay K which are connected in series, the first ends of the two bridge arms are connected with the first circuit node 10, the second ends of the two bridge arms are connected with the second circuit node 11, and the first circuit node 10 and the second circuit node 11 represent output voltages of two poles of the fuel cell C respectively according to the connection and disconnection of different first optocoupler resistors Q. Specifically, a node between the switch components of the two second optocoupler relays K on each bridge arm is connected with the sampling circuit 5, and the sampling circuit 5 samples the output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit 4 and transmits the sampled output voltage to the single chip microcomputer 6, so that voltage sampling is completed. The first optocoupler relays Q of the two poles of each fuel cell C can be selectively turned on according to the instruction of the single chip microcomputer 6, so that the output voltage of each fuel cell C is sampled.
In order to ensure that the sampling circuit 5 samples a positive voltage value, the single chip microcomputer 6 respectively controls the light emitting diodes of the four second optical coupling relays K according to the detection result of the negative voltage detection circuit 3, and the single chip microcomputer 6 controls the on and off of each second optical coupling relay K.
Specifically, the four second optocoupler relays K are respectively: the optical coupling relay K1, the optical coupling relay K2, the optical coupling relay K3 and the optical coupling relay K4; the circuit comprises an optocoupler relay K1, an optocoupler relay K3, a optocoupler relay K2, a optocoupler relay K4, a first circuit node 10, a second circuit node 11 and a node between the optocoupler relay K1 and the optocoupler relay K2, wherein the optocoupler relay K1 and the optocoupler relay K3 are connected in series to form one bridge arm, the optocoupler relay K2 and the optocoupler relay K4 are connected in series to form the other bridge arm, the two bridge arms are connected in parallel, the node between the optocoupler relay K1 and the optocoupler relay K2 is connected with the first circuit node 10, and the node between the optocoupler relay K3 and the optocoupler relay K4 is connected with the second circuit node 11; if the negative pressure detection circuit 3 detects negative pressure, the single chip microcomputer 6 controls the optocoupler relay K2 and the optocoupler relay K3 on the opposite angles of different bridge arms to be switched on, if the negative pressure detection circuit 3 detects positive pressure, the single chip microcomputer 6 controls the optocoupler relay K1 and the optocoupler relay K4 on the opposite angles of different bridge arms to be switched on, and when the voltage of a certain fuel cell Cm needs to be sampled, m is any integer between 1 and n and contains 1 and n. The single chip microcomputer 6 is conducted through controlling the corresponding first optical coupling relay Qm +1 and the first optical coupling relay Qm, negative pressure detection can be carried out on voltages at two ends of the fuel cell Cm to be detected through the negative pressure detection circuit 3, a detection result is output to the single chip microcomputer 6 to be judged, the single chip microcomputer 6 controls the voltage conversion circuit 4 to control positive pressure output according to the detection result, and sampling is carried out through the sampling circuit 5.
The positive and negative voltage sampling system for the fuel cell provided by the invention meets the positive and negative voltage sampling requirements of the single fuel cell. The system has simple structure and reliable device.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. A positive and negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell is characterized by comprising a channel selection circuit (1), a channel control circuit (2), a negative voltage detection circuit (3), a voltage conversion circuit (4), a sampling circuit (5), a singlechip (6) and a plurality of fuel cells (C);
the fuel cell system comprises a plurality of fuel cells (C), a channel selection circuit (1), a negative pressure detection circuit (3), a voltage conversion circuit (4), a singlechip (6), a channel control circuit (2), a negative pressure detection circuit (1), a negative pressure detection circuit (3), a negative pressure detection circuit (4), a negative pressure detection circuit (2), a negative pressure detection circuit (4), a negative pressure detection circuit (2), a negative pressure detection circuit (D), a voltage conversion circuit (D) and a channel selection circuit (1);
the output end of the negative pressure detection circuit (3) is connected with the single chip microcomputer (6), the input end of the sampling circuit (5) is connected with the output end of the voltage conversion circuit (4), the output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit (4) is sampled, and the sampling circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer (6).
2. The positive-negative voltage sampling system for the fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single chip microcomputer (6) controls one of the plurality of fuel cells (C) to be conducted through the channel selection circuit (1), and collects the output voltage at the two ends of the conducted fuel cell (C) detected by the negative voltage detection circuit (3), if the output voltage is negative voltage, the single chip microcomputer (6) controls the voltage conversion circuit (4) to convert the negative voltage into positive voltage and output the positive voltage to the sampling circuit (5) for sampling, and the sampling circuit (5) transmits the sampling result to the single chip microcomputer (6) to complete the sampling operation.
3. The positive-negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the number of the fuel cells (C) is n, and n fuel cells (C) are connected in series, where n is a positive integer.
4. The positive-negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the channel selection circuit (1) includes n +1 first photocouplers (Q);
the positive pole of each fuel cell (C) is connected to a first circuit node (10) through the switching component of one first optocoupler relay (Q); the negative pole of each fuel cell (C) is connected to a second circuit node (11) through the switching component of another first optocoupler relay (Q);
different electrodes of two adjacent fuel cells (Q) are connected with a switch component of the same optocoupler relay (Q).
5. The positive-negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the first circuit node (10), the second circuit node (11) are connected to the negative voltage detection circuit (3) and the voltage conversion circuit (4), respectively;
the negative voltage detection circuit (3) detects the output voltage between the first circuit node (10) and the second circuit node (11) and transmits the detection result to the singlechip (6);
when the single chip microcomputer (6) judges that the output voltage of the negative voltage detection circuit (3) is negative voltage, the voltage conversion circuit (4) is controlled to convert the negative voltage into positive voltage and output the positive voltage; and when the single chip microcomputer (6) judges that the output voltage of the negative pressure detection circuit (3) is positive, the voltage conversion circuit (4) is controlled not to convert and directly outputs the positive pressure.
6. The positive-negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein the channel control circuit (2) includes a first decoder (D1) and a second decoder (D2);
the first decoder (D1) is connected with the light emitting diode of each first optical coupling relay (Q) for controlling the anode of each fuel cell (C), and the second decoder (D2) is connected with the light emitting diode of each first optical coupling relay (Q) for controlling the cathode of each fuel cell (C);
and two first optocoupler relays (Q) connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each fuel cell (C) are respectively controlled to be simultaneously switched on and switched off according to the instruction of the singlechip (6).
7. The positive-negative voltage sampling system for the fuel cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein the single chip microcomputer (6) controls only two adjacent first optocoupler relays (Q) in the channel selection circuit (1) to be simultaneously turned on at each time and controls the remaining first optocoupler relays (Q) to be simultaneously turned off at the same time through the first decoder (D1) and the second decoder (D2) so as to collect the output voltages at two ends of the fuel cell (C) connected with the two turned-on first optocoupler relays (Q).
8. The positive-negative voltage sampling system for a fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein the voltage conversion circuit (4) includes an H full bridge circuit composed of four second photocouplers (K); the H full-bridge circuit is composed of two parallel bridge arms, each bridge arm is composed of two switch components of the second optocoupler relay (K) in series connection, the first ends of the two bridge arms are connected with the first circuit node (10), the second ends of the two bridge arms are connected with the second circuit node (11), and a node between the two switch components of the second optocoupler relay (K) on each bridge arm is connected with the sampling circuit (5); the light emitting diodes of the four second optical coupling relays (K) are connected with the single chip microcomputer (6), and the single chip microcomputer (6) controls the on and off of each second optical coupling relay (K).
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| CN111653807A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-11 | 深圳市慧源动力技术有限公司 | Fuel cell monomer acquisition module and acquisition method thereof |
| CN113328121A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-31 | 惠州绿保科技有限公司 | Voltage inspection device for fuel cell |
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